CN110127624B - Grid type high flux plasma reactor and method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide - Google Patents
Grid type high flux plasma reactor and method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide Download PDFInfo
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- CN110127624B CN110127624B CN201810136023.3A CN201810136023A CN110127624B CN 110127624 B CN110127624 B CN 110127624B CN 201810136023 A CN201810136023 A CN 201810136023A CN 110127624 B CN110127624 B CN 110127624B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
- C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
- C01B17/046—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process without intermediate formation of sulfur dioxide
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plasma chemistry, and discloses a grid type high-flux plasma reactor and a method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide, which comprises the following steps: an inner cylinder (1); an outer cylinder (2); a high-voltage electrode (3) and a ground electrode (4) arranged in the inner cylinder (1); a blocking medium (6), wherein the blocking medium (6) is arranged on the outer surface of the high-voltage electrode (3) and/or the grounding electrode (4); each high-voltage electrode layer and each grounding electrode layer are arranged in a staggered mode, so that one grounding electrode is inserted between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer, and a high-voltage-grounding mixed layer alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrodes is formed. The grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention has the advantages of high hydrogen sulfide conversion rate, low energy consumption and capability of realizing high-flow hydrogen sulfide treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plasma chemistry, in particular to a grid type high-flux plasma reactor and a method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide.
Background
Hydrogen sulfide (H) 2 S) is a highly toxic and malodorous acid gas, which not only causes corrosion of materials such as metal, but also damages human health and pollutes the environment. At present, the large and medium-sized refineries in China all adopt the traditional Claus method (Claus) to treat H-containing oil 2 S, recovering sulfur from tail gas of S. This process recovers only the sulfur from the hydrogen sulfide, but converts the valuable hydrogen to water. From the standpoint of comprehensive utilization of resources, hydrogen resources are not utilized effectively in the conventional hydrogen sulfide recovery process. Therefore, the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide into sulfur and hydrogen gradually becomes a technical field of great attention of scientific researchers at home and abroad.
Currently, the hydrogen sulfide decomposition process mainly includes: high temperature decomposition, electrochemical, photocatalytic, low temperature plasma, and the like. Among the aforementioned various methods, the high-temperature pyrolysis method is relatively mature in industrial technology, but the thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide is strongly dependent on the reaction temperature and limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium, and the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide is only 20% even if the reaction temperature is above 1000 ℃. In addition, high temperature conditions place high demands on the reactor materials, which also increases operating costs. In addition, since the conversion rate of the thermal decomposition of hydrogen sulfide is low, a large amount of hydrogen sulfide gas needs to be separated from the tail gas and circulated in the system, so that the efficiency of the device is also reduced and the energy consumption is increased, which all have difficulty in large-scale industrial application thereof. Although the membrane technology can effectively separate the product, thereby breaking the balance limit and improving the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide, the thermal decomposition temperature often exceeds the limit heat-resistant temperature of the membrane, so that the structure of the membrane material is damaged. The electrochemical method has the defects of more operation steps, serious equipment corrosion, poor reaction stability, low efficiency and the like. The photocatalytic method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide is mainly used for researching photocatalytic water decomposition, and research focuses on the aspects of developing efficient semiconductor photocatalysts and the like. The method for decomposing the hydrogen sulfide by utilizing the solar energy has the advantages of low energy consumption, mild reaction conditions, simple operation and the like, and is a relatively economical method. However, this method has problems such as small throughput, low catalytic efficiency, and easy catalyst deactivation.
Compared with other decomposition methods, the low-temperature plasma method has the advantages of simple operation, small device volume, high energy efficiency and the like, and the reaction involved in the method has high controllability and can be flexibly applied under the conditions of small treatment capacity and difficult centralized treatment. In addition, due to the characteristics of high energy density and shortened reaction time, the method can effectively decompose the hydrogen sulfide at a lower temperature, and is suitable for occasions with different scales, distributed layout and changeable production conditions. In addition, the low-temperature plasma method recovers hydrogen resources while recovering sulfur, and can realize the utilization of hydrogen sulfide resources.
At present, researchers at home and abroad widely study the low-temperature plasma hydrogen sulfide decomposition technology, and the discharge modes mainly comprise glow discharge, corona discharge, sliding arc discharge, microwave plasma, radio-frequency plasma, dielectric barrier discharge and the like.
Document International journal of hydrogen energy, 2012,37:1335-1347 decomposing hydrogen sulfide by shrinkage normal glow discharge under pressure of 0.02Mpa and temperature of 2000-4000K to obtain hydrogen sulfide with minimum decomposition energy consumption of 2.35eV/H 2 S, S. However, the reaction temperature is high, the pressure is low, and the conditions are harsh and are not easy to realize.
Document International journal of hydrogen energy, 2012,37:10010-10019 adopt microwave plasma to decompose hydrogen sulfide, and the hydrogen sulfide can be completely decomposed under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and 2400K temperature, but the decomposed hydrogen and sulfur can be rapidly compounded at high temperature to regenerate the hydrogen sulfide, and no corresponding quenching measures exist at present.
Document Chemical Engineering Science, 2009, 64 (23): 4826-4834H was performed by pulse corona discharge 2 S decomposition to prepare hydrogen and sulfur, the reactor adopts a spool type structure, and the pulse shape is inspected under the condition of fixed power of 100WCapacitance, discharge voltage and pulse frequency pair H 2 S conversion and decomposition energy efficiency. The result shows that under the condition of certain power, the low pulse forming capacitor, the low discharge voltage and the high pulse frequency are favorable for obtaining high H 2 S, decomposing energy efficiency; in addition, with Ar and N 2 As compared with the balance gas, ar-N 2 When the mixed gas is used as balance gas, higher H can be obtained 2 S conversion at Ar/N 2 /H 2 S volume fraction is 46%/46%/8%, discharge power 60W, pulse forming capacitance 720pF, H is obtained 2 The minimum S decomposition energy consumption is 4.9eV/H 2 S, but at this time H 2 The S conversion is only about 30%. In addition, the flow rate of the reaction system is only 1.18×10 -4 SCMs -1 The reaction effect of such low flow, low concentration and low conversion is not practical in industrial production.
Document Journal of applied physics, 1998, 84 (3): 1215-1221 uses a sliding arc discharge to H 2 S decomposition reaction was studied by reacting H 2 S is diluted by air to a concentration of 0-100 ppm, and the gas flow rate, the size and the frequency of a reaction cavity are examined for H under the condition that the total gas flow rate is 0-100L/min 2 Influence of S decomposition reaction. Experimental results show that low gas flow rate, small disc spacing and low frequency are beneficial to obtaining higher H 2 S conversion, H obtained under optimized discharge conditions 2 The S conversion rate can reach 75-80 percent, but H 2 S decomposition energy consumption is up to 500eV/H 2 S, the reaction effect with low concentration and high energy consumption has no industrial application prospect.
Dielectric barrier discharges can typically be generated at atmospheric pressure and the discharge temperature is relatively low. In addition, the existence of the medium limits the increase of discharge current, so that the formation of sparks or electric arcs caused by complete breakdown of gas is avoided, the generation of large-volume stable plasmas is facilitated, and the method has a good industrial application prospect.
Document Plasma chemistry and plasma processing, 1992, 12 (3): 275-285H was examined using a modified ozone generator 2 S discharge characteristics in the range of 130 to 560 ℃ and study of the reverseShould be at the temperature, H 2 S feed concentration, injection power and H addition 2 、Ar、N 2 Equal pair H 2 S conversion and energy efficiency, it was found experimentally that the addition of Ar promotes H 2 S is decomposed, the total flow is 50-100 mL/min, H 2 The conversion rate is 0.5 to 12 percent under the condition that the S concentration is 20 to 100 percent, and the minimum hydrogen production energy consumption is about 0.75mol/kWh (50 eV/H) 2 ) However, this process still has the disadvantages of low conversion and high energy consumption.
CN102408095a uses dielectric barrier discharge and a photocatalyst to synergistically decompose hydrogen sulfide by filling a solid catalyst having photocatalytic activity in a plasma region, however, this method has a disadvantage that sulfur generated by decomposition of hydrogen sulfide is deposited under a catalyst bed.
Literature International Journal of Energy Research, 2013, 37 (11): 1280-1286 by reacting Al 2 O 3 ，MoO x /Al 2 O 3 ，CoOx/Al 2 O 3 And NiO/Al 2 O 3 Catalyst is filled in the discharge region, and dielectric barrier discharge and catalyst are used for H 2 S decomposition study. The reaction results show that MoOx/Al 2 O 3 And CoOx/Al 2 O 3 The catalyst has better effect; wherein when MoOx/Al is filled 2 O 3 Catalyst, in H 2 S/Ar total flow 150mL/min, H 2 S concentration 5 vol%, injection specific energy SIE 0.92kJ/L, catalyst filling length 10% of bed, H obtained 2 The S-highest conversion was about 48%. However, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the reaction process is low, sulfur generated by decomposition is deposited in the reactor, and the activity of the catalyst is reduced and the discharge stability is reduced along with the time extension, so that the conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide is gradually reduced.
CN103204466a discloses a temperature-controlled hydrogen sulfide decomposition device and method, the device is characterized in that the central electrode is metal, the grounding electrode is a temperature-controllable circulating liquid, and the hydrogen sulfide decomposition process can be continuously and stably carried out through the temperature control of the liquid grounding electrode. In addition, CN103204467a discloses a device and a method for preparing hydrogen by continuously and stably decomposing hydrogen sulfide, and the prior art is characterized in that a central electrode is used as metal, a grounding electrode is used as circulating liquid with controllable temperature, the temperature is controlled through the liquid grounding electrode, the raw material air inlet direction is circumferential air inlet, and the raw material air inlet direction passes through a discharge zone along the axial direction in a spiral mode in a reverse direction, so that generated sulfur is separated by centrifugation in time. However, in order to ensure that hydrogen sulfide is decomposed as sufficiently as possible in the methods disclosed in CN103204466a and CN103204467a, it is necessary to control the flow rate of hydrogen sulfide so that the residence time thereof in the inner cylinder of the reactor is longer and the size of the inner cylinder is controlled so that more electric energy is obtained per unit volume of gas in the inner cylinder, and since the current prior art cannot provide a more powerful power supply, the methods disclosed in CN103204466a and CN103204467a are not suitable for large industrial applications even though the residence time of hydrogen sulfide is longer and the size of the inner cylinder is controlled so that more electric energy is obtained per unit volume of gas in the inner cylinder, only the maximum conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide is about 20%, and when the maximum conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide is about 20%, the energy consumption of the hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction is quite high. Further, the methods disclosed in CN103204466a and CN103204467a have the defect that the types of usable liquid ground electrodes are very small, and the disclosed salt solutions and the like can generally only maintain the temperature of the reactor below 100 ℃, while elemental sulfur is generally solid below 100 ℃, which easily causes blockage of the reactor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the prior art has low hydrogen sulfide conversion rate and high energy consumption when decomposing hydrogen sulfide into hydrogen and elemental sulfur and cannot realize high-flow hydrogen sulfide treatment, and provides a novel grid type high-flux plasma reactor and a method for decomposing hydrogen sulfide by using the same.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a grid type high flux plasma reactor having a sleeve type structure, comprising:
the inner cylinder is provided with a reactant inlet and a product outlet respectively;
the outer cylinder is nested outside the inner cylinder, a heat conducting medium inlet and a heat conducting medium outlet are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder, the heat conducting medium introduced by the heat conducting medium inlet can be enclosed on the periphery of the inner cylinder, and the heat conducting medium can be led out from the heat conducting medium outlet;
the high-voltage electrode is arranged in the inner cylinder, and at least two layers of high-voltage electrodes are arranged in the inner cylinder; in each high-voltage electrode layer, the number of the high-voltage electrodes is more than two, and each high-voltage electrode is parallel to each other;
The grounding electrode is made of solid conductive materials, is arranged in the inner cylinder, and is provided with at least two layers in the inner cylinder; in each grounding electrode layer, the number of the grounding electrodes is more than two, and each grounding electrode is parallel to each other;
a blocking medium disposed on an outer surface of the high voltage electrode and/or the ground electrode;
the high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer and the grounding electrodes in each grounding electrode layer are arranged in a staggered mode, so that one grounding electrode is inserted between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer, and a high-voltage grounding mixed layer alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrodes is formed; the number of the high-voltage and ground mixed layers is at least two, and each high-voltage and ground mixed layer is arranged in parallel; in each high-voltage-ground mixed layer, a gap r1 is formed between each adjacent high-voltage electrode and each adjacent ground electrode, and r1 is more than 0; and a gap r2 is arranged between two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers, and r2 is more than 0.
In a second aspect the invention provides a method of decomposing hydrogen sulphide, the method being carried out in a grid-type high-throughput plasma reactor according to the first aspect of the invention, the method comprising: and introducing a raw material gas containing hydrogen sulfide into an inner cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from a reactor inlet under the condition of medium blocking discharge, carrying out decomposition reaction of the hydrogen sulfide, leading out a material flow obtained after decomposition from a product outlet, and maintaining the temperature required by the grid type high-flux plasma reactor by continuously introducing a heat conducting medium into an outer cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from a heat conducting medium inlet and leading out the heat conducting medium from a heat conducting medium outlet, wherein the medium blocking discharge is formed by a grounding electrode, a blocking medium and a high-voltage electrode.
The plasma reactor provided by the invention is a jacketed dielectric barrier discharge reactor with a grid structure, and the basic structure of the plasma reactor mainly comprises a high-voltage electrode, a solid grounding electrode, a barrier medium and the like, and the jacket structure can enable the heat conducting medium to circularly heat or cool the discharge reactor, so that flexible temperature control of a discharge area is realized. In particular, the plasma reactor having the above-described specific structure of the present invention can significantly improve the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide relative to the prior art.
The grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention also has the advantages of high hydrogen sulfide conversion rate, low energy consumption and capability of realizing high-flow hydrogen sulfide treatment.
In addition, the grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention can generate uniform and efficient dielectric barrier discharge, so that hydrogen sulfide is directly decomposed to generate hydrogen and sulfur with high efficiency.
In addition, the grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention can realize continuous and stable hydrogen sulfide decomposition process under the condition of obviously higher hydrogen sulfide conversion rate, and the device can realize long-period operation. In addition, the grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention can also be used for a high-flow hydrogen sulfide treatment process with various concentrations.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a grid-type high-throughput plasma reactor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a grid-type high-throughput plasma reactor provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the interior of the inner barrel of a preferred embodiment of a grid-type high-throughput plasma reactor provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the blocking medium and the ground electrode or the high-voltage electrode provided by the invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Inner cylinder 2 and outer cylinder
11. Reactant inlet 21, heat transfer medium inlet
12. Product outlet 22, heat transfer medium outlet
3. High-voltage electrode
4. Grounding electrode
5. Grounding wire
6. Barrier medium
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
As described above, the present invention provides a grid type high flux plasma reactor having a sleeve type structure, and comprising:
the inner cylinder is provided with a reactant inlet and a product outlet respectively;
the outer cylinder is nested outside the inner cylinder, a heat conducting medium inlet and a heat conducting medium outlet are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder, the heat conducting medium introduced by the heat conducting medium inlet can be enclosed on the periphery of the inner cylinder, and the heat conducting medium can be led out from the heat conducting medium outlet;
the high-voltage electrode is arranged in the inner cylinder, and at least two layers of high-voltage electrodes are arranged in the inner cylinder; in each high-voltage electrode layer, the number of the high-voltage electrodes is more than two, and each high-voltage electrode is parallel to each other;
the grounding electrode is made of solid conductive materials, is arranged in the inner cylinder, and is provided with at least two layers in the inner cylinder; in each grounding electrode layer, the number of the grounding electrodes is more than two, and each grounding electrode is parallel to each other;
A blocking medium disposed on an outer surface of the high voltage electrode and/or the ground electrode;
the high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer and the grounding electrodes in each grounding electrode layer are arranged in a staggered mode, so that one grounding electrode is inserted between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer, and a high-voltage grounding mixed layer alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrodes is formed; the number of the high-voltage and ground mixed layers is at least two, and each high-voltage and ground mixed layer is arranged in parallel; in each high-voltage-ground mixed layer, a gap r1 is formed between each adjacent high-voltage electrode and each adjacent ground electrode, and r1 is more than 0; and a gap r2 is arranged between two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers, and r2 is more than 0.
In the present invention, the high-voltage electrodes in each of the high-voltage electrode layers are staggered with the ground electrodes in each of the ground electrode layers such that one ground electrode is interposed between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each of the high-voltage electrode layers, thereby forming a high-voltage-ground mixed layer alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the ground electrodes, representing: the high voltage-ground mixed layer is a layer formed by spacing a high voltage electrode and a ground electrode from each other.
The number of layers of the high-voltage and ground mixed layer is at least two, each high-voltage and ground mixed layer is arranged in parallel, the arrangement comprises three different arrangement modes, and the first mode is as follows: the grounding electrodes in two adjacent high-voltage-grounding mixed layers are parallel to each other; the second is: the grounding electrodes in two adjacent high-voltage-grounding mixed layers are mutually perpendicular; the third is: an angle of more than 0 DEG and less than 90 DEG is formed between the grounding electrodes in the adjacent two high-voltage-grounding mixed layers. Provided that the arrangement is capable of generating a uniform electric field in the inner barrel. Particularly preferably, the ground electrodes of two adjacent high-voltage ground hybrid layers according to the invention are arranged parallel to one another or perpendicular to one another.
Particularly preferably, the ground electrodes in two adjacent high-voltage ground hybrid layers of the present invention are parallel to each other; further preferably, the two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers are arranged in such a manner that a high-voltage electrode is directly below a ground electrode in the high-voltage-ground mixed layer of the upper layer, or one high-voltage electrode or one ground electrode in the high-voltage-ground mixed layer of the lower layer is provided on a central line of a group of adjacent high-voltage electrodes and ground electrodes in the high-voltage-ground mixed layer of the upper layer.
The present invention preferably has one number of both the reactant inlet and the product outlet.
The outer cylinder of the present invention surrounds the outer wall of the inner cylinder so that the heat conducting medium contained in the outer cylinder can maintain the required temperature of the inner cylinder. Specifically, the sleeve type structural design of the invention can enable the heat conducting medium to circularly flow in the shell layer, ensure the discharge intensity, simultaneously enable the whole reactor to be maintained in a certain temperature range, enable the generated sulfur to flow out of the reactor in a liquid state form, effectively avoid the solidification of the sulfur generated by decomposing hydrogen sulfide, and enable the decomposition process to continuously and stably realize long-period operation while achieving higher conversion rate.
In the present invention, in order to further improve the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide, r1 and r2 are preferably each independently 100mm or less.
In particular, the inventors of the present invention found that the ratio of controlling r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium is each independently (0.1 to 150): 1, preferably (0.2 to 100): 1, a step of; more preferably (0.5 to 80): 1, when the grid type high-flux plasma reactor is used for decomposing hydrogen sulfide, higher decomposition conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide can be realized under relatively lower decomposition energy consumption.
Particularly preferably, r1 and r2 are equal to the length L of the discharge region 1 The ratio relationship between each is independently 1: (2-1500), preferably 1: (20-500); length L of the discharge region 1 To start the reactants entering the discharge field created by the high voltage electrode and ground electrode to a vertical distance from the discharge field. Control r1 and r2 and length L of discharge region 1 The ratio relationship between each is independently 1: (2-1500), preferably 1: (20-500), the energy consumption for decomposing the hydrogen sulfide gas can be obviously reduced.
Particularly preferably, r1 and r2 are the same.
In the present invention, r1 is a distance between an adjacent group of high-voltage electrodes and a ground electrode in one high-voltage-ground mixed layer, specifically a distance between an outer surface of the high-voltage electrode and an outer surface of the ground electrode.
In the present invention, r2 is a gap between two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers, that is, a vertical distance between an outer surface of an electrode in an upper high-voltage-ground mixed layer and an outer surface of an electrode in a lower high-voltage-ground mixed layer.
Preferably, each of the high voltage electrodes is connected in parallel with each other.
Preferably, each of the ground electrodes is connected in parallel with each other.
According to a preferred embodiment 1, the blocking medium is arranged on the outer surface of the high voltage electrode.
According to preferred embodiment 2, the blocking medium is provided on the outer surface of the ground electrode.
According to preferred embodiment 3, the blocking medium is provided on the outer surfaces of the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode.
In the foregoing embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention, the single dielectric barrier discharge can be realized in the reactor of the present invention. In the case of single dielectric barrier discharge, the thickness D1 of the barrier medium is the thickness of the barrier medium on the corresponding high voltage electrode or the corresponding ground electrode, and it should be further explained that, since the electric field exists between the ground electrode and the high voltage electrode, the thickness herein means the thickness of the barrier medium on the corresponding high voltage electrode or the corresponding ground electrode.
In the foregoing embodiment 3 of the present invention, the reactor of the present invention can realize a double dielectric barrier discharge. In the case of the dual dielectric barrier discharge, the thickness D1 of the barrier medium is the sum of the thicknesses of the barrier medium on the corresponding high voltage electrode and the ground electrode, and the sum of the thicknesses herein indicates the sum of the thicknesses of the barrier medium on the corresponding one of the high voltage electrode and the one of the ground electrode, because the electric field exists between the ground electrode and the high voltage electrode.
The present invention is not particularly limited in the form of fixing the blocking medium to the high voltage electrode and/or the ground electrode, and the blocking medium may be fixed to the outer surface of the high voltage electrode and/or the ground electrode in any manner capable of being fixed, or the blocking medium may be coated on the outer surface of the high voltage electrode or the ground electrode in the form of a coating.
Preferably, the material forming the blocking medium is an electrically insulating material, more preferably the material forming the blocking medium is selected from at least one of glass, ceramic, enamel, polytetrafluoroethylene and mica. The glass may be quartz glass or hard glass; the material forming the blocking medium can also be other metal and nonmetal composite materials with high-voltage electric insulation design, etc. The ceramic may be an alumina ceramic.
Preferably, the reactor of the present invention further comprises a ground wire disposed on an outer sidewall of the outer tub, and having one end electrically connected to the ground electrode.
Preferably, the reactant inlet is provided at an upper portion of the inner barrel, and the product outlet is provided at a bottom portion of the inner barrel.
The size of each of the high voltage electrodes of the present invention may be the same or different, and preferably, the size of each of the high voltage electrodes is the same.
The size of each of the ground electrodes of the present invention may be the same or different, and preferably, the size of each of the ground electrodes is the same.
The same dimensions in the present invention mean that the dimensions and shapes are all identical.
Preferably, each of the high-voltage electrodes and each of the ground electrodes are cylindrical. The present invention is not particularly limited to the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode being cylindrical only, and the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode may be any axisymmetric shape.
According to a preferred embodiment, the high voltage electrode of the invention is of exactly the same size as the ground electrode.
Preferably, when each of the high-voltage electrodes and each of the ground electrodes are cylindrical, the diameters of the high-voltage electrodes and the ground electrodes are each independently 0.1 to 100mm, more preferably 0.5 to 50mm.
Preferably, the ratio of the diameters of the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode to the lengths of the respective high voltage electrode and ground electrode is 1: (10 to 600), preferably 1: (100-500).
Preferably, the heat transfer medium inlet and the heat transfer medium outlet are provided at a lower portion and an upper portion of the outer cylinder, respectively.
The inner diameters of the present invention all represent diameters.
Preferably, the material forming the ground electrode is selected from the group consisting of graphite tube, graphite powder, metal tube, metal rod, metal powder, and graphite rod. The solid grounding electrode of the invention has larger micro-discharge current generated under the condition of a certain injection power, and is more beneficial to the bond breaking decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide. The metal tube and the metal rod in the material forming the ground electrode may include an elemental metal tube, an elemental metal rod, an alloy metal tube, an alloy metal rod. The inventor of the invention discovers that the adoption of the solid conductive material as the grounding electrode of the reactor can lead the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide to be remarkably improved when the grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention is adopted for carrying out the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide.
The material forming the high-voltage electrode is a conductive material, and preferably, the material forming the high-voltage electrode is at least one selected from a graphite tube, graphite powder, a metal rod, a metal tube, metal powder, a mechanical mixture of a graphite rod and a conductive powder. The metal rod and the metal tube can comprise an elemental metal rod, an alloy metal rod, an elemental metal tube and an alloy metal tube. The material for forming the high-voltage electrode can be other rod-shaped or tubular materials with conductive performance.
When the outer surface of the grounding electrode and/or the high-voltage electrode is wrapped with the blocking medium, the blocking medium can be arranged in a hollow tubular form, and the middle of the blocking medium is filled with the metal powder to form the grounding electrode and/or the high-voltage electrode wrapped by the blocking medium; the metal powder can be simple metal powder or alloy metal powder.
The invention can maintain the temperature of the reactor with a sleeve structure between 119 ℃ and 444.6 ℃ by introducing a heat conducting medium in the area between the outer wall of the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the outer cylinder, so as to ensure that sulfur generated by decomposing hydrogen sulfide flows out of a discharge area in a liquid state.
The grid type high-flux plasma reactor can be filled with a catalyst capable of catalyzing hydrogen sulfide to be decomposed into elemental sulfur and hydrogen, and the catalyst can be filled in an inner cylinder of the reactor. The present invention is not particularly limited to the loading volume, loading manner and loading type of the catalyst, and the type of catalyst may be any one or more of the catalysts disclosed in CN102408095A, CN101590410a and CN103495427a, for example.
The conditions of the decomposition reaction involved in decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the grid-type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the present invention are not particularly limited, and the decomposition may be performed under various conditions involved in the plasma decomposition hydrogen sulfide method conventionally employed in the art, and the conditions for decomposing hydrogen sulfide are exemplified in the examples section of the present invention, and the present invention is not to be construed as being limited by those skilled in the art.
The grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention is not particularly limited to the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gas at the reactant inlet, for example, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the gas may be 0.01 to 100% by volume.
The inner tube of the present invention may be formed of, for example: an electrically conductive metallic material or an electrically insulating material capable of functioning as structural support and resistant to high temperatures, with electrically insulating materials being preferred.
In the present invention, the material forming the outer tube is not particularly limited as long as the material forming the outer tube can withstand the set temperature of the heat transfer medium. The outer tube of the present invention may be formed of, for example: an electrically conductive metallic material or an electrically insulating material capable of functioning as structural support and resistant to high temperatures, with electrically insulating materials being preferred.
As previously mentioned, the second aspect of the present invention provides a method of decomposing hydrogen sulfide, the method being carried out in a grid-type high-throughput plasma reactor according to the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising: and introducing a raw material gas containing hydrogen sulfide into an inner cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from a reactor inlet under the condition of medium blocking discharge, carrying out decomposition reaction of the hydrogen sulfide, leading out a material flow obtained after decomposition from a product outlet, and maintaining the temperature required by the grid type high-flux plasma reactor by continuously introducing a heat conducting medium into an outer cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from a heat conducting medium inlet and leading out the heat conducting medium from a heat conducting medium outlet, wherein the medium blocking discharge is formed by a grounding electrode, a blocking medium and a high-voltage electrode.
The structure of a preferred embodiment of the grid-type high-flux plasma reactor of the present invention, in particular, is provided below in conjunction with fig. 1 and 2:
the reactor has a sleeve-type structure, and the reactor comprises:
an inner cylinder 1, wherein a reactant inlet 11 and a product outlet 12 are respectively arranged on the inner cylinder 1;
an outer cylinder 2, wherein the outer cylinder 2 is nested outside the inner cylinder 1, a heat conducting medium inlet 21 and a heat conducting medium outlet 22 are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder 2, the heat conducting medium introduced by the heat conducting medium inlet 21 can be enclosed on the periphery of the inner cylinder 1, and the heat conducting medium can be led out from the heat conducting medium outlet 22;
A high-voltage electrode 3, wherein the high-voltage electrode 3 is arranged in the inner cylinder 1, and the high-voltage electrode 3 is provided with at least two layers in the inner cylinder 1; in each high-voltage electrode layer, the number of the high-voltage electrodes 3 is more than two, and each high-voltage electrode 3 is parallel to each other;
a ground electrode 4, wherein the ground electrode 4 is formed by a solid conductive material, the ground electrode 4 is arranged in the inner cylinder 1, and the ground electrode 4 is arranged in at least two layers in the inner cylinder 1; in each ground electrode layer, the number of the ground electrodes 4 is more than two, and each ground electrode 4 is parallel to each other;
a blocking medium 6, wherein the blocking medium 6 is arranged on the outer surface of the high-voltage electrode 3 and/or the grounding electrode 4;
the high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer and the grounding electrodes in each grounding electrode layer are arranged in a staggered mode, so that one grounding electrode is inserted between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer, and a high-voltage grounding mixed layer alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrodes is formed; the number of the high-voltage and ground mixed layers is at least two, and each high-voltage and ground mixed layer is arranged in parallel; in each high-voltage-ground mixed layer, a gap r1 is formed between each adjacent high-voltage electrode and each adjacent ground electrode, and r1 is more than 0; and a gap r2 is arranged between two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers, and r2 is more than 0.
Specifically, the difference between fig. 1 and fig. 2 of the present invention is mainly that the relative positions between the electrodes (including the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode) in the two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers are different, and the electrodes in each high-voltage-ground mixed layer in fig. 1 and the electrodes in the adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers are aligned in a flush manner, so that when the reactant enters the inner cylinder 1, the main flowing direction is a straight line direction from top to bottom; the electrodes in the two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers and the electrodes in the two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers in fig. 2 are arranged in an inserting way, so that the main flowing direction is the alternating flow from top to bottom and in the horizontal direction when the reactant enters the inner cylinder 1. As can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, the average residence time of the reactants in the reactor provided in fig. 2 is longer, with the reactant flow rates unchanged.
Preferably, the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium 6 is (0.1 to 150) independently of each other: 1, preferably (0.2 to 100): 1, a step of; more preferably (0.5 to 80): 1.
preferably, each of the high voltage electrodes 3 is connected in parallel with each other.
Preferably, each of the ground electrodes 4 is connected in parallel with each other.
Preferably, the reactor further comprises a ground wire 5, wherein the ground wire 5 is disposed on the outer sidewall of the outer cylinder 2, and one end of the ground wire is electrically connected to the ground electrode 4.
Preferably, the reactant inlet 11 is provided at the upper portion of the inner cylinder 1, and the product outlet 12 is provided at the bottom of the inner cylinder 1.
Preferably, the high-voltage electrodes 3 are the same in size, the ground electrodes 4 are the same in size, and the high-voltage electrodes 3 and the ground electrodes 4 are each cylindrical.
According to a preferred embodiment, the dimensions of each of the high voltage electrodes 3 are exactly the same as the dimensions of each of the ground electrodes 4.
Preferably, the diameters of the high-voltage electrode 3 and the ground electrode 4 are each independently 0.1 to 100mm, more preferably 0.5 to 50mm.
Preferably, the ratio of the diameters of the high-voltage electrode 3 and the ground electrode 4 to the lengths of the respective center electrode 3 and ground electrode 4 is 1 each independently: (10 to 600), preferably 1: (100-500).
Preferably, the heat transfer medium inlet 21 and the heat transfer medium outlet 22 are provided at the lower and upper portions of the outer tub 2, respectively.
The following provides a preferred embodiment for decomposing hydrogen sulfide using the grid-type high-flux plasma reactor of the present invention as described above:
Nitrogen is introduced into the inner barrel of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from the reactant inlet to purge air in the discharge area, and the gas is led out from the product outlet. Meanwhile, a heat-conducting medium is introduced into the outer cylinder from the heat-conducting medium inlet, and the introduced heat-conducting medium is led out from the heat-conducting medium outlet. The temperature of the heat transfer medium is maintained at a temperature required for the system reaction. Then, raw material gas containing hydrogen sulfide is introduced into an inner cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from a reactant inlet, the raw material gas is filled in each reaction tube, a high-voltage power supply is connected after the raw material gas flow is stable, and a plasma discharge field is formed between a high-voltage electrode and a grounding electrode by adjusting voltage and frequency. The hydrogen sulfide gas is ionized in the discharge area and is decomposed into hydrogen and elemental sulfur, and the elemental sulfur generated by the discharge slowly flows down along the inner cylinder wall and flows out from the product outlet.
In order to more intuitively describe the arrangement of the ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode in the reactor of the present invention, the present invention provides a schematic perspective view of the inside of the inner cylinder shown in fig. 3 to illustrate that the high-voltage electrode 3 and the ground electrode 4 in fig. 3 form and high-voltage-ground mixed layers, and the respective high-voltage-ground mixed layers are disposed in parallel.
Also, in fig. 4 of the present invention, the present invention provides a preferred relative position of the blocking medium 6 and the high voltage electrode or ground electrode.
The grid type high-flux plasma reactor provided by the invention also has the following specific advantages:
(1) Compared with a liquid grounding electrode, when the grounding electrode is matched with the device structure of the invention, micro-discharge current generated by discharge is larger, which is more beneficial to the discharge decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide molecules.
(2) The jacket structure is arranged on the outer side of the grounding electrode of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor, the temperature of the reactor can be controlled by controlling the temperature of a heat conducting medium in the jacket, so that sulfur generated by the discharge decomposition of hydrogen sulfide can smoothly flow out of a discharge area, the reactor is prevented from being blocked by the solidification of the sulfur, and the discharge is continuously and stably carried out.
(3) The grid type high-flux plasma reactor is preferably controlled by controlling the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium to be (0.1 to 150) independently of each other: 1, preferably (0.2 to 100): 1, a step of; more preferably (0.5 to 80): 1, the structure of the reactor is matched with the invention, so that the conversion rate of the hydrogen sulfide is obviously improved and the decomposition energy consumption is reduced.
The present invention will be described in detail by examples. In the following examples, various raw materials were used from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.
The thicknesses of the blocking media in the following examples and comparative examples are the same.
The conversion of hydrogen sulfide in the following examples was calculated according to the following formula:
percent conversion of hydrogen sulfide =moles of hydrogen sulfide converted/moles of initial hydrogen sulfide x 100%
The energy consumption for decomposing hydrogen sulfide in the following examples was obtained by oscilloscope detection and calculation using lissajous figures.
Example 1
The hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction is carried out by adopting the grid type high-flux plasma reactor shown in fig. 1, and the specific structure and the structural parameters of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor are as follows:
the reactor comprises:
the inner cylinder is provided with a reactant inlet and a product outlet respectively;
the outer cylinder is nested outside the inner cylinder, a heat conducting medium inlet and a heat conducting medium outlet are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder, the heat conducting medium introduced by the heat conducting medium inlet can be enclosed on the periphery of the inner cylinder, and the heat conducting medium can be led out from the heat conducting medium outlet;
The high-voltage electrode is arranged in the inner cylinder, and 10 layers of high-voltage electrodes are arranged in the inner cylinder; in each high-voltage electrode layer, the number of the high-voltage electrodes is 3 or 4, the high-voltage electrodes are parallel to each other, the high-voltage electrodes are formed by stainless steel metal rods, and the high-voltage electrodes are identical in size;
a ground electrode disposed in the inner barrel, the ground electrode being disposed in 10 layers in the inner barrel; in each grounding electrode layer, the number of the grounding electrodes is 3 or 4, the grounding electrodes are parallel to each other, the grounding electrodes are made of stainless steel metal rods, and the grounding electrodes are identical in size;
the blocking medium is wrapped on each high-voltage electrode, and the material forming the blocking medium is hard glass;
the high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer and the grounding electrodes in each grounding electrode layer are arranged in a staggered mode, so that one grounding electrode is inserted between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer, and therefore high-voltage-grounding mixed layers alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrodes are formed, the number of layers of the high-voltage-grounding mixed layers is 10, and each high-voltage-grounding mixed layer is arranged in parallel; in each high-voltage-ground mixed layer, a gap r1 is formed between the adjacent high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode; and a gap r2 is arranged between two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers.
In the embodiment, reactants enter the inner reactor cylinder from the upper part of the inner reactor cylinder, and products are led out from a product outlet positioned at the lower part of the inner reactor cylinder; the heat-conducting medium of the embodiment is led in from the lower part of the outer cylinder of the reactor and led out from the upper part of the outer cylinder of the reactor;
wherein r1=r2, and the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium is 50:1, a step of;
the size of each high-voltage electrode is the same as that of each grounding electrode, and the ratio of the diameter to the length is 1:220;
r1 and r2 and the length L of the discharge region 1 The ratio between them is 1:300;
the volume of the inner cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor of this embodiment is 1.6L.
The operation steps of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor are as follows:
nitrogen is introduced into the inner barrel of the reactor from the reactant inlet to purge the discharge zone of air, and the gas is withdrawn from the product outlet. Meanwhile, a heat-conducting medium (particularly, dimethyl silicone oil) is introduced into the outer cylinder from the heat-conducting medium inlet, the introduced heat-conducting medium is led out from the heat-conducting medium outlet, and the temperature of the heat-conducting medium is kept at 145 ℃.
H is then introduced into the inner barrel of the reactor from the reactant inlet 2 S/Ar mixture, wherein H 2 The S volume fraction was 30% and the reactant flow rate was controlled so that the average residence time of the gas in the discharge zone was 15.6S. H 2 After the S/Ar mixed gas is introduced into the reactor for 30min, an alternating-current high-voltage power supply is connected, and a plasma discharge field is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode by adjusting the voltage and the frequency. Wherein the discharge conditions are: the voltage was 19.2kV, the frequency was 8.8kHz, and the current was 1.85A. The hydrogen sulfide gas is ionized in the discharge area and is decomposed into hydrogen and elemental sulfur, the elemental sulfur generated by the discharge slowly flows down along the inner cylinder wall and flows out of the product outlet, and the gas is led out of the product outlet after the reaction.
Results: h was measured after the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in this example was continued for 20 minutes 2 The S conversion was 71.2%; and the discharge state and H are not abnormal after the continuous discharge for 100H 2 The S conversion remains stable. And the decomposition energy consumption of the embodiment is 16.3eV/H 2 S molecule (1 molecule H per decomposition) 2 The energy required for S is 16.3 eV).
Example 2
In this embodiment, the grid type high-flux plasma reactor shown in fig. 2 is used for hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction, and the specific structure and structural parameters of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor are as follows:
The reactor comprises:
the inner cylinder is provided with a reactant inlet and a product outlet respectively;
the outer cylinder is nested outside the inner cylinder, a heat conducting medium inlet and a heat conducting medium outlet are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder, the heat conducting medium introduced by the heat conducting medium inlet can be enclosed on the periphery of the inner cylinder, and the heat conducting medium can be led out from the heat conducting medium outlet;
the high-voltage electrode is arranged in the inner cylinder, and 10 layers of high-voltage electrodes are arranged in the inner cylinder; in each high-voltage electrode layer, the number of the high-voltage electrodes is 3 or 4, the high-voltage electrodes are parallel to each other, the material forming the high-voltage electrodes is graphite rod, and the sizes of the high-voltage electrodes are the same;
a ground electrode disposed in the inner barrel, the ground electrode being disposed in 10 layers in the inner barrel; in each grounding electrode layer, the number of the grounding electrodes is 3 or 4, the grounding electrodes are parallel to each other, the grounding electrodes are made of graphite rods, and the grounding electrodes are identical in size;
the blocking medium is wrapped on each grounding electrode, and the material for forming the blocking medium is polytetrafluoroethylene;
The high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer and the grounding electrodes in each grounding electrode layer are arranged in a staggered mode, so that one grounding electrode is inserted between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer, and therefore high-voltage-grounding mixed layers alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrodes are formed, the number of layers of the high-voltage-grounding mixed layers is 10, and each high-voltage-grounding mixed layer is arranged in parallel; in each high-voltage-ground mixed layer, a gap r1 is formed between the adjacent high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode; and a gap r2 is arranged between two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers.
In the embodiment, reactants enter the inner reactor cylinder from the upper part of the inner reactor cylinder, and products are led out from a product outlet positioned at the lower part of the inner reactor cylinder; the heat-conducting medium of the embodiment is led in from the lower part of the outer cylinder of the reactor and led out from the upper part of the outer cylinder of the reactor;
wherein r1=r2, and the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium is 2:1, a step of;
the size of each high-voltage electrode is the same as that of each grounding electrode, and the ratio of the diameter to the length is 1:355;
r1 and r2 and the length L of the discharge region 1 The ratio between them is 1:350;
the volume of the inner cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor of this embodiment is 1.6L.
The operation steps of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor are as follows:
nitrogen is introduced into the inner barrel of the reactor from the reactant inlet to purge the discharge zone of air, and the gas is withdrawn from the product outlet. Meanwhile, a heat-conducting medium (particularly, dimethyl silicone oil) is introduced into the outer cylinder from the heat-conducting medium inlet, the introduced heat-conducting medium is led out from the heat-conducting medium outlet, and the temperature of the heat-conducting medium is kept at 120 ℃.
H is then introduced into the inner barrel of the reactor from the reactant inlet 2 S/Ar mixture, wherein H 2 The S volume fraction was 30% and the reactant flow rate was controlled so that the average residence time of the gas in the discharge zone was 16.3S. H 2 After the S/Ar mixed gas is introduced into the reactor for 30min, an alternating-current high-voltage power supply is connected, and a plasma discharge field is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode by adjusting the voltage and the frequency. Wherein the discharge conditions are: the voltage was 15.3kV, the frequency was 6.3kHz, and the current was 2.3A. The hydrogen sulfide gas is ionized in the discharge area and is decomposed into hydrogen and elemental sulfur, the elemental sulfur generated by the discharge slowly flows down along the inner cylinder wall and flows out of the product outlet, and the gas is led out of the product outlet after the reaction.
Results: h was measured after the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in this example was continued for 20 minutes 2 The S conversion rate is 71.8%; and the discharge state and H are not abnormal after the continuous discharge for 100H 2 The S conversion remains stable. And the decomposition energy consumption of the embodiment is 16eV/H 2 S molecule.
Example 3
This example was conducted using a reactor similar to that of example 1, except that the blocking medium in the reactor of this example was disposed on the outer surfaces of the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode, i.e., a double dielectric barrier discharge.
And 1.2r1=r2, the ratio of r1 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium being 15:1, a step of;
the size of each high-voltage electrode is the same as that of each grounding electrode, and the ratio of the diameter to the length is 1:100;
r1 and length L of discharge region 1 The ratio between them is 1:50;
the volume of the inner tube of the grid type plasma reaction apparatus of this embodiment was 1.6L.
H is introduced into the inner cylinder of the reactor from the reactant inlet 2 S/Ar mixture, wherein H 2 The S volume fraction was 30% and the reactant flow rate was controlled so that the average residence time of the gas in the discharge zone was 14.7S. H 2 After the S/Ar mixed gas is introduced into the reactor for 30min, an alternating-current high-voltage power supply is connected, and a plasma discharge field is formed between the high-voltage electrode and the grounding electrode by adjusting the voltage and the frequency. Wherein the discharge conditions are: the voltage was 16.1kV, the frequency was 13.5kHz, and the current was 1.73A. The hydrogen sulfide gas is ionized in the discharge area and is decomposed into hydrogen and elemental sulfur, the elemental sulfur generated by the discharge slowly flows down along the inner cylinder wall and flows out of the product outlet, and the gas is led out of the product outlet after the reaction.
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
Results: h was measured after the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in this example was continued for 20 minutes 2 The S conversion was 71.4%; and the discharge state and H are not abnormal after the continuous discharge for 100H 2 The S conversion remains stable. And the decomposition energy consumption of the embodiment is 17.1eV/H 2 S molecule.
Example 4
This example uses a grid type high flux plasma reactor similar to example 1 to perform the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide, except that in this example:
r1=r2, and the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium is 92:1, a step of;
the remainder was the same as in example 1.
And this example conducted a hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction using the same operation as in example 1.
Results: h was measured after the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in this example was continued for 20 minutes 2 S conversion was 65.3%; and the discharge state and H are not abnormal after the continuous discharge for 100H 2 The S conversion remains stable. And the decomposition energy consumption of the embodiment is 25.6eV/H 2 S molecule.
Example 5
This example uses a grid type high flux plasma reactor similar to example 1 to perform the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide, except that in this example:
r1=r2, and the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium is 125:1, a step of;
The remainder was the same as in example 1.
And this example conducted a hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction using the same operation as in example 1.
Results: h was measured after the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in this example was continued for 20 minutes 2 S conversion was 62.7%; and the discharge state and H are not abnormal after the continuous discharge for 100H 2 The S conversion remains stable. And the decomposition energy consumption of the embodiment is 29.1eV/H 2 S molecule.
Example 6
This example uses a grid type high flux plasma reactor similar to example 3 to perform the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide, except that in this example:
r1 and length L of discharge region 1 The ratio between them is 1:700;
the remainder was the same as in example 3.
And this example conducted a hydrogen sulfide decomposition reaction using the same operation as in example 3.
Results: h was measured after the decomposition reaction of hydrogen sulfide in this example was continued for 20 minutes 2 The S conversion was 71.2%; and the discharge state and H are not abnormal after the continuous discharge for 100H 2 S conversion is maintainedAnd (3) stability. And the decomposition energy consumption of the embodiment is 26.3eV/H 2 S molecule.
From the above results, it can be seen that the reactor provided by the present invention can achieve a high hydrogen sulfide conversion rate, and the conversion rate of hydrogen sulfide can be stably maintained at a high level.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (19)
1. A grid type high flux plasma reactor, the reactor having a sleeve type structure, and the reactor comprising:
an inner cylinder (1), wherein a reactant inlet (11) and a product outlet (12) are respectively arranged on the inner cylinder (1);
an outer cylinder (2), wherein the outer cylinder (2) is nested outside the inner cylinder (1), a heat conducting medium inlet (21) and a heat conducting medium outlet (22) are respectively arranged on the outer cylinder (2), the heat conducting medium introduced by the heat conducting medium inlet (21) can be enclosed on the periphery of the inner cylinder (1), and the heat conducting medium can be led out from the heat conducting medium outlet (22);
a high-voltage electrode (3), wherein the high-voltage electrode (3) is arranged in the inner cylinder (1), and at least two layers of high-voltage electrodes (3) are arranged in the inner cylinder (1); in each high-voltage electrode layer, the number of the high-voltage electrodes (3) is more than two, and each high-voltage electrode (3) is parallel to each other;
The grounding electrode (4) is made of a solid conductive material, the grounding electrode (4) is arranged in the inner cylinder (1), and at least two layers of grounding electrodes (4) are arranged in the inner cylinder (1); in each grounding electrode layer, the number of the grounding electrodes (4) is more than two, and each grounding electrode (4) is parallel to each other;
a blocking medium (6), wherein the blocking medium (6) is arranged on the outer surface of the high-voltage electrode (3) and/or the grounding electrode (4);
the high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer and the grounding electrodes in each grounding electrode layer are arranged in a staggered mode, so that one grounding electrode is inserted between two adjacent high-voltage electrodes in each high-voltage electrode layer, and one high-voltage electrode is inserted between two adjacent grounding electrodes in each grounding electrode layer, and a high-voltage-grounding mixed layer alternately containing the high-voltage electrodes and the grounding electrodes is formed; the number of the high-voltage and ground mixed layers is at least two, and each high-voltage and ground mixed layer is arranged in parallel; in each high-voltage-ground mixed layer, a gap r1 is formed between each adjacent high-voltage electrode and each adjacent ground electrode, and r1 is more than 0; a gap r2 is formed between two adjacent high-voltage-ground mixed layers, and r2 is more than 0; r1 and r2 are each independently 100mm or less; the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium (6) is (0.1-150) independently of each other: 1.
2. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium (6) is each independently (0.2-100): 1.
3. grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of r1 and r2 to the thickness D1 of the blocking medium (6) is each independently (0.5-80): 1.
4. a grid type high flux plasma reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein r1 and r2 are equal to the length L of the discharge region 1 The ratio relationship between each is independently 1: (2-1500); length L of the discharge region 1 To start the reactants entering the discharge field created by the high voltage electrode and ground electrode to a vertical distance from the discharge field.
5. A grid type high flux plasma reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein r1 and r2 are equal to the length L of the discharge region 1 The ratio relationship between each is independently 1: (20-500); length L of the discharge region 1 To start the reactants entering the discharge field created by the high voltage electrode and ground electrode to a vertical distance from the discharge field.
6. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each of the high-voltage electrodes (3) is connected in parallel to each other.
7. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the individual ground electrodes (4) are connected in parallel to each other.
8. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material forming the blocking medium (6) is an electrically insulating material.
9. The grid type high flux plasma reactor of claim 8 wherein the material forming the blocking medium is selected from at least one of glass, ceramic, enamel, polytetrafluoroethylene, and mica.
10. A grid type high flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reactor further comprises a ground wire (5) provided on an outer side wall of the outer tub (2) and having one end electrically connected to the ground electrode (4).
11. A grid type high flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reactant inlet (11) is provided at an upper part of the inner cylinder (1) and the product outlet (12) is provided at a bottom part of the inner cylinder (1).
12. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the size of each high-voltage electrode (3) is the same and the size of each ground electrode (4) is the same, and each high-voltage electrode (3) and each ground electrode (4) are cylindrical.
13. Grid-type high flux plasma reactor according to claim 12, wherein the diameter of the high voltage electrode (3) and the ground electrode (4) are each independently 0.1-100 mm.
14. Grid-type high flux plasma reactor according to claim 12, wherein the diameter of the high voltage electrode (3) and the ground electrode (4) are each independently 0.5-50 mm.
15. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 12, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the high-voltage electrode (3) and the ground electrode (4) to the length of the respective high-voltage electrode (3) and ground electrode (4) is each independently 1: (10-600).
16. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 12, wherein the ratio of the diameter of the high-voltage electrode (3) and the ground electrode (4) to the length of the respective high-voltage electrode (3) and ground electrode (4) is each independently 1: (100-500).
17. A grid type high flux plasma reactor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat transfer medium inlet (21) and the heat transfer medium outlet (22) are provided at a lower portion and an upper portion of the outer tub (2), respectively.
18. Grid-type high-flux plasma reactor according to claim 1, wherein the material forming the ground electrode (4) and the material forming the high-voltage electrode (3) are each independently selected from the group consisting of graphite tubes, graphite powder, metal tubes, metal rods, metal powder, alloy tubes, alloy rods, alloy powder and graphite rods.
19. A method of decomposing hydrogen sulfide, the method being carried out in the grid-type high-flux plasma reactor of any one of claims 1 to 18, the method comprising: and introducing a raw material gas containing hydrogen sulfide into an inner cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from a reactor inlet under the condition of medium blocking discharge, carrying out decomposition reaction of the hydrogen sulfide, leading out a material flow obtained after decomposition from a product outlet, and maintaining the temperature required by the grid type high-flux plasma reactor by continuously introducing a heat conducting medium into an outer cylinder of the grid type high-flux plasma reactor from a heat conducting medium inlet and leading out the heat conducting medium from a heat conducting medium outlet, wherein the medium blocking discharge is formed by a grounding electrode, a blocking medium and a high-voltage electrode.
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