CN110122166A - A kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN110122166A CN110122166A CN201910451186.5A CN201910451186A CN110122166A CN 110122166 A CN110122166 A CN 110122166A CN 201910451186 A CN201910451186 A CN 201910451186A CN 110122166 A CN110122166 A CN 110122166A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/62—Racks; Trays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
- A01K31/04—Dropping-boards; Devices for removing excrement
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that plantation mushroom is combined in agricultural, this method is specifically had the following steps: step 1: selecting suitable forest land；Step 2: selecting the type of mushroom；Step 3: compost prepares；Step 4: compost sterilizing；Step 5: compost inoculation；Step 6: the pack of inoculated and cultured material；Step 7: building woodland culturing rack；Step 8: mushroom daily management；Step 9: the picking of mushroom；Step 10: the transport storage of mushroom；Step 11: the secondary use of culture medium；Step 12: the recycling of culture medium.The mushroom planting patterns realize mushroom, forest, poultry, crops quaternity ecological agriculture production method, with agricultural combine method improve comprehensive benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mushroom field of planting, and in particular to a kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom.
Background technique
Blue montains and green waters is exactly Kingsoft Yin Shan, and environmental protection is increasingly taken seriously.It concedes the land to forestry, so that agricultural land is subtracting
It is few, how while conceding the land to forestry, guarantee that the in liberal supply of cereal crops is the problem of meriting attention.
In common idea, plantation trees can only just plant trees, and plantation cereal crops also can only only plant grain
Crop, this viewpoint are deep-rooted in public thought.Cause or occupying woodland welding, to realize increases in grain production；
It is exactly to protect environment, concedes the land to forestry, and causes grain, vegetables land used insufficient.The relationship for how balancing the two, is such as moderns
The problem of being entangled with.
Therefore, this invention address that developing the ecological agriculture production of a kind of mushroom, forest, poultry, crops quaternity
Mode, this kind of production method solve mushroom culture place, agricultural crop straw processing, poultry manure processing and the system that concedes the land to forestry
Column problem accomplishes the green production of mushroom product, improves comprehensive benefit in a manner of agricultural combination.
Summary of the invention
1. the present invention provide the method for agricultural combination plantation mushroom, the selection of selection, mushroom including forest land and cultivation and
The recycling of mushroom waste material, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: the selection in woodland place, select trees are tall and big, branches and leaves trunk middle and upper part (1.5-2.0 meters liftoff) woods
Ground；Select topography relatively flat, the gradient is whole on the ground of 0-25 degree, can slightly rectify and improve taking human as face over the ground；Near planting site
It is preferably formed with source of clean water, it can also manual assembly water pipe；Forest land canopy density are suitable for that can not influence forest in 0.60-0.80, light
Appropriate pruning trees branch reaches canopy density requirement in the case where healthy growth；
Step 2: the selection of mushroom type, the characteristics of according to the temperature in selected forest land, humidity, light and season, selectivity
Cultivate the mushrooms such as mushroom, oyster mushroom, ganoderma lucidum, agaric；
Step 3: the preparation of compost selects that mountain forest is branch 40-60 parts withered, 20-30 parts of rice straw, corn stover 20-
30 parts, 1-3 parts of gypsum and 50-60 parts of distilled water, wherein the withered branch of mountain forest, rice straw, corn stover and gypsum are with crushing
Machine is ground into 60 mesh powder of <, then mixes with distilled water, obtains compost；
Step 4: the sterilizing of compost is sterilized using heating stirring kettle, is arranged 130-140 DEG C of temperature, sterilization time 4-5h,
20-25 DEG C is naturally cooled to after the completion of sterilizing；Sterilization sterilizing can also be induced using Compost, and various raw materials are added into water
After mixing, make its water content in 60-65%, cover film after taking heap, 25-45 DEG C of temperature is generated by composting, works as material
At heap depth 40-42cm when temperature >=45 DEG C can turning, piled again after turning original state, covering film, as material heap depth 40-
When material temperature >=45 DEG C at 42cm, the spore in material can be sprouted, to complete to sterilize；
Step 5: when being cooled to 20-25 DEG C to above-mentioned sterilizing compost, solid bacterium is added in the inoculation for the compost that sterilizes
The bacterial strain of mushroom, bacterial strain additional amount are the 8-12% of compost, are then stirred evenly；
Step 6: inoculated and cultured material is packed into polyethylene plastic bag, obtains mushroom culture medium bag by the pack of inoculated and cultured material,
And air hole is opened up on mushroom culture medium bag, the area of overall air hole accounts for the 15-20% of mushroom culture medium bag area；
Step 7: build woodland mushroom culturing rack, build cabinet type layer frame using compared with summer wood, visual field size build 3-6
Layer；
Step 8: mushroom culture medium bag is placed on culturing rack by the daily management of mushroom, according to weather, temperature, illumination,
Situations such as humidity, selects the sealing plate of suitable culturing rack side, and with the environmental condition of regulation culture, temperature is controlled in 15-25
DEG C, the relative humidity of air control >=90%, incubation time is 80-140 days；
Step 9: the acquisition of finished product mushroom after having adopted first mushroom, stops water spray 1-3 days, then bacterium wall in the ranks loam
Edible fungi nutrition liquid is perfused, two weeks can budding again, can adopt 5 batches or more mushrooms altogether；
Step 10: the mushroom after acquisition is placed in shady and cool environment, is readily transported preservation；
Step 11: the leftover bits and pieces of mushroom culture recycles, and the mushroom culture medium after picking is supported as the fowl such as geese and ducks and chicken
The ground padding of field is grown, first layer thickness is advisable with 10-12cm, then the one layer of mushroom culture medium of overlay in every 3-5 days, and thickness is with 3-
5cm loses poultry manure and is advisable.
Step 12: the recycling of ground padding contains a large amount of goose excrement, chicken manure or duck in the ground padding after home poultry raising
Excrement substitutes part chemical fertilizer by the decomposed farmland organic fertilizer that can make later, is used for rice, corn planting.
Further, in the step 3, the withered branch of mountain forest is the mixture of various withered branches, and the type of branch does not limit
Fixed, rice straw, corn stover are dry weight.
Further, in the step 6, the preferred 20cm × 60cm of the size of polyethylene plastic bag × 0.05cm.
Further, in the step 7, culturing rack has multilayer, and the number of plies of culturing rack can be changed in the light of actual conditions, just
Preferably 3-6 layers in normal situation；Culturing rack is equipped with hook, and the matched sealing plate for having eyelet, the two sides of culturing rack can
Sealing plate is installed, the sealing plate of two sides is divided into closed sealing plate, 2/3 formula sealing plate and 1/3 formula sealing plate, the sealing plate of two sides
It selects to use according to environmental condition, the big rainy day selects closed sealing plate, avoids mushroom by rain drop erosion, selects when bright stronger
2/3 formula sealing plate selects 1/3 formula sealing plate, sealing plate is not had to when the cloudy day is without light when bright weaker；The both ends of culturing rack also have
Sealing plate is closed sealing plate, and the sealing plate at both ends is hung on culturing rack always under normal circumstances；Pass through different sealing plate
It is applied in combination, alleviates requirement of the mushroom to mountain forest canopy density.
Further, in the step 11, mushroom culturing base is nearby equipped with poultry farms, when mushroom picking terminates
Afterwards, the culture medium of mushroom can be used as the padding of poultry farms；Culture medium is first transported to the place that there can be direct sunlight, then
It spreads out, makes to be exposed to the sun in the sun with a thickness of 5-10cm, be stirred once every 1-2h, upper and lower culture medium is made to expose to sunlight
It is even, evaporate the moisture of culture medium sufficiently, while the ultraviolet light in sunlight can be by the killing bacteria in culture medium, according to weather
Situation, the time entirely dried are 2-3 days, and the culture medium after drying is put into greenhouse or other local long term storages that do not drench with rain；
The layout of poultry farms, first irises out the range entirely raised with Buddhist nun's rural power grids, then select wherein topography it is slightly higher it is local as
The habitat of poultry, avoids rainwater from washing away habitat, habitat is arranged it is smooth, remove as far as possible biggish stone or other
Sharp object avoids the destruction to upper layer of material, the fine sand or pine after arrangement, after spreading one layer of 6-8cm on the ground
Soft soil, as basal layer；Then the plastic foil that one layer of thicker waterproof is spread on soft soil horizon, as waterproof layer；?
Buddhist nun's rural power grids of layer overlay 40-60 mesh above plastic foil, convenient for the cleaning of upper layer padding；The upper surface of Buddhist nun's rural power grids spread 10-12cm
Drying mushroom culture medium, the floor treatment of the habitat of poultry finishes；The dehydrated medium of habitat can be mentioned to poultry
For a comfortable habitat, soft culture medium plays a protective role to the step of poultry, and dry culture medium can also
Peculiar smell, the moisture for absorbing poultry manure repave one layer of dry bacterium for every 3-5 days under normal circumstances on the basis of original padding
Mushroom culture medium, since the second layer, thickness is thinner than first layer, can cover the excrement of poultry, usual 3-5cm；?
During raising, when the padding thickness when habitat is sufficiently thick, primary entire padding is replaced in cleaning, need to only be pulled to Buddhist nun
Entire upper layer culture medium padding is removed in the quadrangle of rural power grids, is then covered with new dehydrated medium, and the use of Buddhist nun's rural power grids makes
The cleaning of culture medium padding is more simple and convenient.
Further, in the step 12, the culture medium padding removed from poultry habitat can be used as Agricultural organic fertilizer.
The culture medium for being mixed with poultry manure is moved into the higher and spacious place of topography, piles round heap shape, basal diameter 1.5-
2.5m is highly 1-1.5m, covers one layer of heat-resisting waterproof cloth above, avoids rainwater from being impregnated with windrow, allow and be mixed with poultry-dung
Just culture medium padding sufficiently ferments, and during fermentation, can generate a large amount of heat, increases the temperature of entire windrow,
Worm's ovum, bacterium and the microorganism in windrow are killed, the injury of pest, bacterium and microorganism to crops such as rice, corns is mitigated,
Entire fermentation time maintains 20-30 days, and culture medium padding after fermentation can be used as agriculture organic fertilizer.
Wherein, mushroom training center of the invention is that intermountain forest land can also cultivate edible bacterium while planting trees
Mushroom product takes full advantage of the space in intermountain forest land.The selection in forest land mainly according to temperature, humidity and canopy density, plants mushroom
Type then according to woodland condition.The growth conditions of mushroom can by the sealing plate of culturing rack surrounding adjust ventilation, illumination,
The factors such as rainwater accomplish that growth conditions is suitable for.When rainwater deficiency, water sprager can use also to control humidity.
Culturing rack can be made plurality of layers, make full use of space, placement mushroom culture bag as much as possible.Height 0.5-
1.5m facilitates the ongoing operations such as usually observation growing state, installing and dismounting sealing plate and the watering of worker.The surrounding of culturing rack
Sealing plate can be installed, sealing plate is divided into closed sealing plate, 2/3 sealing plate and 1/3 sealing plate, and rain heavily Shi Keyong closed
Sealing plate, remaining time select to use according to environmental condition.
The raw material 95% of culture medium is the above are withered branch, rice straw and corn stover in mountain forest, and withered branch is in mountain forest
In be seen everywhere, rice straw and corn stover are agriculture and forestry organic waste materials, and peasant handles rice straw and corn stover is usually adopted
On-site incineration is taken, will cause pollution air, greenhouse effects.And these agriculture and forestry organic waste materials bring the culture medium as mushroom, then do
To turn waste into wealth, high value added utilization, and avoid environmental pollution.
Culture medium after mushroom acquisition, can make the padding of poultry farms, fully absorb the excrement of poultry, absorb stink,
The sick rate for reducing poultry, improves the rearing conditions of poultry.The cleaning number in home poultry raising place, positive reason are reduced in this way
Condition, the raising farm one day of poultry sweep it is primary, can be primary every 3-5 days stones after padding, when poult, can spread for 8-10 days
Material is primary, greatly reduces the amount of labour of breeding process, reduces cost of labor.
It can be used as Agricultural organic fertilizer after being mixed with the pad material fermentation of poultry manure, the main component of these paddings are as follows: withered
Tree decomposition product, rice straw decomposition product, Corn Stalk Decomposition product and poultry manure are excellent Agricultural organic fertilizers
Material.Padding regards Fertilizer application, largely reduces the use of chemically composited fertilizer, alleviates the hardened of soil, be conducive to
The raising of Soil ventilation rate reduces rotting for crop root part.And for organic fertilizer is compared with the compound fertilizer of chemical classes, organic fertilizer
Element species more comprehensively, slow release effect more preferably, single-dose application, fertility can with last very long, and compound fertilizer then need it is few
Multiple application is measured, burn seedlings phenomenon not so can be caused.
Beneficial effect
1. making full use of mountain forest space, in the case where not cutting down forest land, accomplishes ecology culture mushroom, both protect ring
Border, and edible fungus cluster has been cultivated, increase economic benefit.
2. the Multi-layer design of culturing rack produces more mushrooms convenient for placing more mushroom culture mediums.The two of culturing rack
Side is provided with different types of sealing plate, has closed sealing plate, 2/3 sealing plate and 1/3 sealing plate, it is close that both ends are equipped with closed
Sealing plate accomplishes that the environment under the conditions of varying environment is adjusted, and the time for cultivating mushroom is longer, and environmental condition requirement is lower,
Increase the adaptability of mushroom culture.
3. the raw material 95% of mushroom culture medium are that agricultural are discarded the above are withered branch, rice straw and corn stover
Object, it is low in cost, the high value added utilization of agriculture and forestry organic waste material is realized, the burning of rice husk stalk, corn stover is reduced, is mitigated
Air pollution and greenhouse effects.
4. padding of the culture medium after mushroom acquisition as home poultry raising place, soft padding avoid the wound of poultry foot
Evil, alleviates the stink of raising farm, improves the growing environment of poultry, reduces disease incidence, and the meat for improving poultry is horizontal；
The use of padding also reduces the cleaning number of poultry raiser, reduces cost of labor.
It is a kind of excellent organic fertilizer, element species are more after fermentation process 5. being mixed with the padding of poultry manure
Comprehensively.The use for reducing compound fertilizer alleviates the hardened of soil, increases the gas permeability of soil, prevents crop root part from rotting,
The frequency for reducing fertilising reduces the workload of peasant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 mushroom culture flow chart
Fig. 2 woodland culturing rack design drawing
Specific embodiment
Preferably embodiment of the invention is described in further detail below.
Below by taking the plantation of mushroom as an example, according to conditions such as nutrition, temperature and humidity required for mushroom growth, design is closed
Suitable training method, specific steps are as follows:
Embodiment 1
Step 1: selecting suitable forest land, forest land requires trees tall and big, tree trunk top on branch, convenient for daily management, makees
Industry；The gradient is whole in 0-25 degree, and the gradient excessive place in part can manually rectify and improve, and the more place of some stones can be with people
Work removes stone；Woodland canopy density manually plant tree or trimming branch can reach canopy density requirement in 0.60-0.80.
Step 2: for planting mushroom, selecting mushroom strain, (Shen Xiang 215, the cultivation of Shanghai City academy of agricultural sciences crop breeding are ground
Study carefully institute)
Step 3: the preparation of compost selects withered 45 parts of the branch of mountain forest, 30 parts of rice straw, 23 parts of corn stover, gypsum 2
Part and 55 parts of distilled water, the withered branch of mountain forest, rice straw, corn stover and gypsum are then ground into 60 mesh of < with pulverizer
Powder, then with distilled water mix, obtain compost；
Step 4: the sterilizing of compost is sterilized using heating stirring kettle, is arranged 130-140 DEG C of temperature, sterilization time 4-5h,
20-25 DEG C is naturally cooled to after the completion of sterilizing；
Step 5: when being cooled to 20-25 DEG C to above-mentioned sterilizing compost, solid bacterium is added in the inoculation for the compost that sterilizes
The bacterial strain of mushroom, bacterial strain additional amount are the 8-12% of compost, are then stirred evenly；
Step 6: inoculated and cultured material is packed into having a size of the poly- second of 20cm × 60cm × 0.05cm by the pack of inoculated and cultured material
Alkene plastics bag obtains mushroom culture medium bag, and opens up air hole on mushroom culture medium bag, and the area of overall air hole accounts for mushroom
The 15-20% of culture medium bag area；
Step 7: building woodland culturing rack, culturing rack has multilayer, and there is sealing plate in the side of culturing rack, and sealing plate is divided into fully closed
Formula sealing plate, 2/3 formula sealing plate and 1/3 formula sealing plate, are shown in Fig. 2；
Step 8: mushroom culture bag is placed on culturing rack, according to weather, temperature by annual 1 day-August of August 10 days or so
Situations such as degree, illumination, humidity, selects the sealing plate of suitable culturing rack side, to adjust the environmental condition of culture, mycelia growth
Phase temperature control is in 20-25 DEG C, the control of fruiting stage temperature at 15-23 DEG C；Relative air humidity >=90% is controlled, in drying
When daily to mushroom body spray water；Incubation time is 100-110 days；
Step 9: the acquisition of finished product mushroom after having adopted first mushroom, stops water spray 1-3 days, then bacterium wall in the ranks loam
Edible fungi nutrition liquid is perfused, two weeks can budding again, can adopt 5 batches or more mushrooms altogether；
Step 10: the mushroom after acquisition is placed in shady and cool environment, is readily transported preservation；
Step 11: the mushroom culture medium after picking is as geese and ducks, the ground padding of chicken farm, the ground of poultry habitat
Surface treatment step specifically: first remove the sharp objects such as stone, fine sand or mellow soil are then spread, as basal layer；Base
Substratum spreads the plastic foil of waterproof, as waterproof layer, completely cuts off ground moisture vapor；One layer of 40- is then covered with above waterproof layer
Buddhist nun's rural power grids of 60 mesh, facilitate the cleaning of upper layer padding；The mushroom culture base wad of dry 10-12cm thickness is then covered on Buddhist nun's rural power grids
Material；One layer of culture medium padding was repaved every 3-5 days later to cover the excrement of poultry, when culture medium padding thickness reaches 50-
60cm, whole cleaning is primary, the i.e. removable upper layer padding of drawing Buddhist nun's rural power grids；
Step 12: the recycling of ground padding contains a large amount of goose excrement, chicken manure or duck in the ground padding after home poultry raising
Excrement substitutes part chemical fertilizer by the decomposed farmland organic fertilizer that can make later, is used for rice, corn planting.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of compost selects withered 50 parts of the branch of mountain forest, 25 parts of rice straw, 23 parts of corn stover, 2 parts of gypsum and steams
55 parts of distilled water, remaining step and condition and embodiment 1 are identical.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of compost selects withered 55 parts of the branch of mountain forest, 20 parts of rice straw, 23 parts of corn stover, 2 parts of gypsum and steams
55 parts of distilled water, remaining step and condition and embodiment 1 are identical.
The mushroom of three above embodiment culture is counted, the average fruiting amount, incubation time of three kinds of modes are calculated
And biological conversion rate, it obtains a result and is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the average fruiting amount of culture bag is reached in 0.82-0.91kg, the fruiting amount highest of embodiment 2
0.91kg is arrived, such fruiting amount is very high in mushroom field of planting；Incubation time is not much different substantially, all at 100-110 days
In the range of；Biological conversion rate is higher, and 85% or more, the biological conversion rate highest of embodiment 2 has reached 92%.
Method provided by according to the invention, devises the processing scheme of poultry habitat, the program alleviates excrement
The bacterium that the smell and excrement of generation are bred, improves the working condition of poultry, allows the sick rate of poultry to decline, improve poultry
Meat it is horizontal；And the processing scheme of the poultry habitat reduces the number that worker sweeps poultry habitat, alleviates
The amount of labour of worker.
According to the method provided by the invention, fermenting again by culture medium padding produces good organic farmyard manure, should
The farmyard manure that mode produces, with fertility, lasting, constituent content enriches, and reduces the use of chemically composited fertilizer, alleviates soil
It is hardened, the gas permeability of the soil such as farmland, vegetable garden is increased, and reduce the fertilizer application frequency of peasant, mitigates the work of fertilising person
Intensity.
According to the method provided by the invention, under the premise of not cutting down the woods, accomplish increases in grain production, protect the same of environment
When, and appetizing mushroom product has been produced, it is a kind of effective combination planting patterns.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom, the selection and cultivation of selection, mushroom including forest land, mushroom culture medium are useless
The recycling of material, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1: the selection in woodland place selects that trees are tall and big, branches and leaves are in the forest land of trunk middle and upper part (1.5-2.0 meters liftoff)；
Select topography relatively flat, the gradient is whole on the ground of 0-25 degree, can slightly rectify and improve taking human as face over the ground；It is best near planting site
There is source of clean water, it can also manual assembly water pipe；Forest land canopy density are suitable for that can not influence forest health in 0.60-0.80, light
Appropriate pruning trees branch reaches canopy density requirement in the case where growth；
Step 2: the selection of mushroom type, the characteristics of according to the temperature in selected forest land, humidity, light and season, selectivity is cultivated
The mushrooms such as mushroom, oyster mushroom, ganoderma lucidum, agaric；
Step 3: the preparation of compost, select mountain forest is branch 40-60 parts withered, 20-30 parts of rice straw, 20-30 parts of corn stover,
1-3 parts and distilled water 50-60 parts of gypsum, wherein the withered branch of mountain forest, rice straw, corn stover and gypsum are crushed with pulverizer
At 60 mesh powder of <, is then mixed with distilled water, obtain compost；
Step 4: the sterilizing of compost is sterilized using heating stirring kettle, is arranged 130-140 DEG C of temperature, sterilization time 4-5h, sterilizing
20-25 DEG C is naturally cooled to after the completion；Sterilization sterilizing can also be induced using Compost, add water to mix various raw materials
After uniformly, make its water content in 60-65%, cover film after taking heap, 25-45 DEG C of temperature is generated by composting, when material heap depth
Spend 40-42cm place temperature >=45 DEG C when can turning, piled again after turning original state, cover film, as material heap depth 40-42cm
When material temperature >=45 DEG C at place, the spore in material can be sprouted, to complete to sterilize；
Step 5: when being cooled to 20-25 DEG C to above-mentioned sterilizing compost, solid mushroom is added in the inoculation for the compost that sterilizes
Bacterial strain, bacterial strain additional amount are the 8-12% of compost, are then stirred evenly；
Step 6: inoculated and cultured material is packed into polyethylene plastic bag, obtains mushroom culture medium bag by the pack of inoculated and cultured material, and
Air hole is opened up on mushroom culture medium bag, the area of overall air hole accounts for the 15-20% of mushroom culture medium bag area；
Step 7: build woodland mushroom culturing rack, build cabinet type layer frame using compared with summer wood, visual field size build 3-6 layers；
Step 8: mushroom culture medium bag is placed on culturing rack by the daily management of mushroom, according to weather, temperature, illumination, humidity
Situations such as, the sealing plate of suitable culturing rack side is selected, with the environmental condition of regulation culture, temperature control is in 15-25 DEG C, sky
The relative humidity control >=90% of gas, incubation time are 80-140 days；
Step 9: the acquisition of finished product mushroom after having adopted first mushroom, stops water spray 1-3 days, and then in the ranks loam is perfused bacterium wall
Edible fungi nutrition liquid, two weeks can budding again, can adopt 5 batches or more mushrooms altogether；
Step 10: the mushroom after acquisition is placed in shady and cool environment, is readily transported preservation；
Step 11: the leftover bits and pieces of mushroom culture recycles, farm of the mushroom culture medium as fowl such as geese and ducks and chickens after picking
Ground padding, first layer thickness is advisable with 10-12cm, then the one layer of mushroom culture medium of overlay in every 3-5 days, and thickness is with 3-5cm
Or loses poultry manure and be advisable.
Step 12: the recycling of ground padding contains a large amount of goose excrement, chicken manure or duck excrement in the ground padding after home poultry raising, leads to
It crosses the decomposed farmland organic fertilizer that can make later and substitutes part chemical fertilizer, be used for rice, corn planting.
2. a kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3, mountain
The withered branch of woods is the mixture of various withered branches, and the type of branch does not limit, and rice straw, corn stover are dry weight.
3. a kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 6, gather
The size of vinyl bag is 20cm × 60cm × 0.05cm.
4. a kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 7, training
Feeding frame has multilayer, and the number of plies of culturing rack can be changed in the light of actual conditions, 3-6 layers preferred under normal circumstances；Culturing rack is equipped with
Hook, the matched sealing plate for having eyelet, the mountable sealing plate in the two sides of culturing rack, the sealing plate of two sides is divided into fully closed
The sealing plate of formula sealing plate, 2/3 formula sealing plate and 1/3 formula sealing plate, two sides selects to use according to environmental condition, big rainy day selection
Closed sealing plate avoids mushroom by rain drop erosion, 2/3 formula sealing plate is selected when bright stronger, selects 1/3 formula when bright weaker
Sealing plate does not have to sealing plate when the cloudy day is without light；Also there is sealing plate at the both ends of culturing rack, are closed sealing plate, normal condition
The sealing plate at lower both ends is hung on culturing rack always；By being applied in combination for different sealing plate, mushroom is alleviated to mountain forest closing
The requirement of degree.
5. a kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 11,
Mushroom culturing base is nearby equipped with poultry farms, and after mushroom picking, the culture medium of mushroom can be used as poultry farming
The padding of field；Culture medium is first transported to the place that there can be direct sunlight, is then spread out, is made with a thickness of 5-10cm, in the sun
It is exposed to the sun, is stirred once every 1-2h, so that upper and lower culture medium is exposed to sunlight uniformly, evaporate the moisture of culture medium sufficiently, together
Ultraviolet light in Shi Yangguang can be by the killing bacteria in culture medium, according to weather condition, and the time entirely dried is 2-3 days,
Culture medium after drying is put into greenhouse or other local long term storages that do not drench with rain；The layout of poultry farms first uses Buddhist nun's rural power grids
The range entirely raised is irised out, the habitat of place that wherein topography is slightly higher as poultry is then selected, avoids rainwater to inhabiting
Ground washes away, and habitat is arranged smooth, removes biggish stone or other sharp objects as far as possible, avoids to upper layer of material
It destroys, after arrangement, fine sand or soft soil after one layer of 6-8cm is spread on the ground, as basal layer；Then in pine
The plastic foil that one layer of thicker waterproof is spread above Soft Soil Layer, as waterproof layer；The Buddhist nun of face layer overlay 40-60 mesh on the plastic film
Rural power grids, convenient for the cleaning of upper layer padding；The upper surface of Buddhist nun's rural power grids spread the mushroom culture medium of the drying of 10-12cm, and poultry inhabites
The floor treatment on ground finishes；The dehydrated medium of habitat can provide a comfortable habitat, soft training to poultry
It supports base to play a protective role to the step of poultry, dry culture medium can also absorb the peculiar smell of poultry manure, moisture, positive reason
Under condition, one layer of dry mushroom culture medium is repaved within every 3-5 days on the basis of original padding, since the second layer, thickness is than
One layer is wanted thin, can cover the excrement of poultry, usual 3-5cm；During raising, when the padding thickness of habitat
When sufficiently thick, primary entire padding is replaced in cleaning, the quadrangle of Buddhist nun's rural power grids need to be only pulled to, by entire upper layer culture medium padding
It removes, is then covered with new dehydrated medium, the use of Buddhist nun's rural power grids keeps the cleaning of culture medium padding more simple and convenient.
6. a kind of method of agricultural combination plantation mushroom according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 12,
The culture medium padding removed from poultry habitat can be used as Agricultural organic fertilizer.The culture medium for being mixed with poultry manure is moved into topography
Higher and spacious place piles round heap shape, and basal diameter 1.5-2.5m is highly 1-1.5m, and one layer of covering is resistance to above
The waterproof cloth of heat, avoids rainwater from being impregnated with windrow, allows the culture medium padding for being mixed with poultry manure sufficiently to ferment, in the mistake of fermentation
Cheng Zhong can generate a large amount of heat, increase the temperature of entire windrow, kill worm's ovum, bacterium and microorganism in windrow, mitigate
The injury of pest, bacterium and microorganism to crops such as rice, corns, entire fermentation time maintain 20-30 days, and fermentation is completed
Culture medium padding afterwards can be used as agriculture organic fertilizer.
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Application publication date: 20190816 |