CN110108439B - Stress wave wind tunnel balance for pulse wind tunnel - Google Patents
Stress wave wind tunnel balance for pulse wind tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110108439B CN110108439B CN201910387937.1A CN201910387937A CN110108439B CN 110108439 B CN110108439 B CN 110108439B CN 201910387937 A CN201910387937 A CN 201910387937A CN 110108439 B CN110108439 B CN 110108439B
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/062—Wind tunnel balances; Holding devices combined with measuring arrangements
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wind tunnel force measurement tests, and particularly discloses a stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulse wind tunnel. The stress wave wind tunnel balance for the pulse wind tunnel comprises a wind tunnel model, a sensitive beam, a semiconductor strain gauge and an accelerometer, wherein the wind tunnel model is of a hollow structure, is fixedly connected with the slender rod-shaped sensitive beam, and is provided with the semiconductor strain gauge on the sensitive beam close to the wind tunnel model; an accelerometer is also arranged in the wind tunnel model. The stress wave wind tunnel balance response time applied to the pulse wind tunnel is less than 0.3ms, the aerodynamic resistance measurement test requirement of the pulse wind tunnel with the effective test time of millisecond magnitude can be met, and the aerodynamic resistance of the aircraft at the pitch angle of 0 degree is measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind tunnel force measurement tests, and particularly relates to a stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulse wind tunnel.
Background
The wind tunnel balance is the most important measuring device in the wind tunnel force test and is used for measuring aerodynamic load born by the aircraft model in a wind tunnel flow field. The pulse wind tunnel has important roles in the design and research and development process of hypersonic aircrafts because the pulse wind tunnel can realize the high Mach number and high total Wen Liuchang states which are difficult to realize by other wind tunnel equipment. However, the operation principle of the pulse wind tunnel determines that the effective test time is only a few milliseconds or less, and the special pulse wind tunnel balance needs to be innovatively developed from the measurement principle and structural design to realize the accurate measurement of the aerodynamic load of the aircraft model in the extremely short effective test time.
The existing pulse wind tunnel balance mainly comprises the following components: semiconductor strain gauge type wind tunnel balance, foil strain gauge type wind tunnel balance, piezoelectric balance, etc. In practical application, the pulse wind tunnel inevitably causes strong vibration of the test device in the flow field generating process, and effective pneumatic load signals are difficult to extract/correct from the strong vibration signals. For a shock tunnel driven by a piston, the effective test time is generally within 1 millisecond, and a conventional pulse wind tunnel balance is extremely difficult to meet the use requirements in terms of response speed and vibration interference resistance. Stress wave wind tunnel balances are considered ideal test devices for performing very short effective test times wind tunnel force tests.
The existing stress wave balance is difficult to engineer and apply, and mainly has two reasons, namely, a test model is required to be designed in a solid mode to ensure the propagation of stress waves in the model, so that the dynamic response characteristic of the stress wave wind tunnel balance is reduced to a great extent; secondly, there is no anti-interference means of reflected stress waves, so that if the effective test time is 10ms, the sensitive beam will be as long as 15m, which is obviously not practical.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulse wind tunnel, which solves the problem that the existing stress wave balance is difficult to engineer
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the stress wave wind tunnel balance for the pulse wind tunnel comprises a wind tunnel model, a sensitive beam, a semiconductor strain gauge and an accelerometer, wherein the wind tunnel model is of a hollow structure, is fixedly connected with the slender rod-shaped sensitive beam, and is provided with the semiconductor strain gauge on the sensitive beam close to the wind tunnel model; an accelerometer is also arranged in the wind tunnel model.
The wind tunnel model comprises a model plug, a model front section and a model rear section, wherein the model front section is of a circular arc cover-shaped structure with a through hole in the center, the model rear end is of an inverted cone-shaped hollow structure, and the model front section and one end with larger diameter at the model rear end are fixed through screw tightening and are positioned by utilizing a spigot; the model top is of a screw-shaped structure matched with the central through hole of the front section of the model.
The sensitive beam tail is an integrally formed spherical wave-absorbing ball, and the sensitive beam head is arranged on the central axis of the rear section of the model, so that the model plug, the model front section, the model rear section, the sensitive beam and the wave-absorbing ball are coaxial.
The front end of the sensitive beam is stuck with semiconductor strain gauges at the position close to the rear section of the model, the semiconductor strain gauges are divided into 2 groups, each group comprises 4 semiconductor strain gauges to form a Wheatstone bridge structure, an inner bushing is wrapped outside the semiconductor strain gauges, and the semiconductor strain gauges are sealed by sealing rings arranged between the inner bushing and the sensitive beam.
The material sizes of the wind tunnel model and the sensitive beam need to meet the following relation:
wherein ρ is 1 Is the density of the wind tunnel model material, C 1 Is the stress wave velocity in the wind tunnel model material, A 1 Is the equivalent cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel model, ρ 2 For sensitive beam material density, C 2 For the wave velocity of stress wave in the sensitive beam material, A 2 Is the cross-sectional area of the sensitive beam.
The section of the sensitive beam is of a square structure, a central shaft is provided with a wiring hole, and the wiring hole meets the relation of the length-diameter ratio:
wherein d is the side length of the square cross section of the sensitive beam, L 2 Is the length of the sensitive beam.
The front section and the rear section of the model are made of aluminum alloy, and the top of the model is of a steel structure.
The head of the sensitive beam is stuck on the central axis of the rear section of the model through epoxy resin; the sensitive beam is made of copper alloy materials.
And an accelerometer is arranged in the center of the end face of the rear end of the model of the cavity formed by the front section of the model and the rear end of the model.
The middle section of the sensitive beam is provided with 2 groups of pulleys, and the stress wave wind tunnel balance is hung and installed by the pulleys.
The invention has the remarkable effects that: the stress wave wind tunnel balance for the pulse wind tunnel can realize the resistance measurement test requirement of the pulse wind tunnel with the effective test time of millisecond magnitude through model, sensitivity Liang Caizhi selection and size constraint; the accelerometer is arranged in the model, so that structural vibration interference signals can be compensated in stress wave wind tunnel balance output signals; the spherical structure design of the sensitive beam tail can effectively consume the reflected stress wave generated by the sensitive beam tail, so that the interference to effective signals is avoided; by reasonable design of the length-diameter ratio of the sensitive beam, the stress wave generated by the flow field effect of the model can be effectively ensured to be well approximate to a one-dimensional propagation state when propagating along the sensitive beam.
The stress wave wind tunnel balance response time applied to the pulse wind tunnel is less than 0.3ms, the aerodynamic resistance measurement test requirement of the pulse wind tunnel with the effective test time of millisecond magnitude can be met, and the aerodynamic resistance of the aircraft at the pitch angle of 0 degree is measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulse wind tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a model plug; 2. a model front section; 3. a model rear section; 4. an inner liner; 5. a pulley; 6. a sensitive beam; 7. a seal ring; 8. a semiconductor strain gauge; 9. an accelerometer; 10. wind tunnel model; 11. a wiring hole; 12. wave absorbing ball.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulse wind tunnel comprises a wind tunnel model 10, a sensitive beam 6, a semiconductor strain gauge 8 and an accelerometer 9, wherein the wind tunnel model 10 comprises a model plug 1, a model front section 2 and a model rear section 3, the model front section 2 is of an arc cover-shaped structure with a through hole in the center, the model rear end 3 is of an inverted cone-shaped hollow structure, and one ends with larger diameters of the model front section 2 and the model rear end 3 are fixed through screw tightening and positioned by utilizing a spigot; the model plug 1 is of a screw-shaped structure matched with a central through hole of the model front section 2, wherein the materials of the model front section 2 and the model rear section 3 are aluminum alloy, and the model plug 1 is of a steel structure; an accelerometer 9 is arranged in the center of the end face of the model rear end 3 of the cavity formed by the model front section 2 and the model rear end 3; the sensitive beam 6 is of an elongated rod structure with a square cross section, a wiring hole 11 is formed in the central axis of the elongated rod structure, the tail of the sensitive beam 6 is an integrally formed spherical wave-absorbing ball 12, and the head of the sensitive beam 6 is stuck on the central axis of the model rear section 3 through epoxy resin, so that the model top 1, the model front section 2, the model rear section 3, the sensitive beam 6 and the wave-absorbing ball 12 are coaxial; the sensitive beam 6 is made of copper alloy materials, a semiconductor strain gauge 8 is stuck at the position, close to the rear section 3 of the model, of the front end of the sensitive beam 6 and is divided into 2 groups, each group comprises 4 semiconductor strain gauges to form a Wheatstone bridge structure, an inner bushing 4 is wrapped outside the semiconductor strain gauge 8, and the semiconductor strain gauge 8 is sealed by a sealing ring 7 arranged between the inner bushing 4 and the sensitive beam 6; 2 groups of pulleys 5 are arranged in the middle section of the sensitive beam, and the stress wave wind tunnel balance can be hung and arranged by the pulleys 5; furthermore, the material dimensions of the wind tunnel model 10 and the sensitive beams 6 need to satisfy the following relation:
wherein ρ is 1 For the material density of the wind tunnel model 10, C 1 Is the stress wave velocity, A, in the material of the wind tunnel model 10 1 For equivalent cross-sectional area, ρ, of wind tunnel model 10 2 For sensitive beam material density, C 2 For the wave velocity of stress wave in the material of the sensitive beam 6A 2 Is the cross-sectional area of the sensitive beam 6.
Wherein the equivalent cross-sectional area A of the wind tunnel model 10 1 Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein m is 1 For the mass, L, of the wind tunnel model 10 1 Is the length of the wind tunnel model 10 in the direction of the central axis of the sensitive beam 6.
The sensitive beam 6 satisfies the relation of length-diameter ratio:
wherein d is the side length of the square cross section of the sensitive beam 6, L 2 Is the length of the sensitive beam 6.
The stress wave wind tunnel balance for the pulse wind tunnel comprises the following specific use processes: before a test, the stress wave wind tunnel balance for the pulse wind tunnel needs to be calibrated, and is hung and installed in a protective cover device through a pulley 5 during calibration, the protective cover device is installed on a calibration table, and the model 10 is adjusted to be in a state that the pitching angle is 0 degrees and the yaw angle is 0 degrees. The front end model plug 1 of the hammering model 10 is used, the data acquisition instrument is used for recording the output signal of the stress wave wind tunnel balance, and a deconvolution algorithm is applied to calculate the transfer function of the stress wave wind tunnel balance.
During the test, the stress wave wind tunnel balance is hung and installed in a protective cover device, the protective cover device is installed in a wind tunnel, and the model 10 is adjusted to a state that the pitching angle is 0 degrees and the yaw angle is 0 degrees. The wind tunnel is operated, the output of the stress wave wind tunnel balance is recorded by using a data acquisition instrument, and a deconvolution algorithm is applied to calculate the load of the flow field acting on the model 10. This load is the drag of the model 10 under the wind tunnel flow field.
Claims (8)
1. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel, characterized by: the balance comprises a wind tunnel model (10), a sensitive beam (6), a semiconductor strain gauge (8) and an accelerometer (9), wherein the wind tunnel model (10) is of a hollow structure, is fixedly connected with the slender rod-shaped sensitive beam (6), and the semiconductor strain gauge (8) is arranged on the sensitive beam (6) close to the wind tunnel model (10); an accelerometer (9) is also arranged in the wind tunnel model (10); the wind tunnel model (10) comprises a model plug (1), a model front section (2) and a model rear section (3), wherein the model front section (2) is of an arc cover-shaped structure with a through hole in the center, the model rear section (3) is of an inverted cone-shaped hollow structure, and one ends with larger diameters of the model front section (2) and the model rear section (3) are fixed through screw tightening and are positioned by utilizing a spigot; the model plug (1) is of a screw-shaped structure matched with the central through hole of the model front section (2); the tail part of the sensitive beam (6) is an integrally formed spherical wave-absorbing ball (12), and the head part of the sensitive beam (6) is arranged on the central axis of the rear section (3) of the model, so that the model top (1), the model front section (2), the model rear section (3), the sensitive beam (6) and the wave-absorbing ball (12) are coaxial; a semiconductor strain gauge (8) is adhered to the front end of the sensitive beam (6) at a position close to the rear section (3) of the model.
2. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by: the semiconductor strain gauges (8) at the front end of the sensitive beam (6) are divided into 2 groups, each group comprises 4 semiconductor strain gauges to form a Wheatstone bridge structure, an inner bushing (4) is wrapped outside the semiconductor strain gauges (8), and the semiconductor strain gauges (8) are sealed by a sealing ring (7) arranged between the inner bushing (4) and the sensitive beam (6).
3. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by: the material sizes of the wind tunnel model (10) and the sensitive beam (6) need to meet the following relation:
wherein ρ is 1 For the material density of the wind tunnel model (10), C 1 Is the stress wave velocity in the material of the wind tunnel model (10), A 1 Is the equivalent cross-sectional area of the wind tunnel model (10), ρ 2 For sensitive beam material density, C 2 Is the wave velocity of stress wave in the material of the sensitive beam (6), A 2 Is the cross-sectional area of the sensitive beam (6).
4. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by: the section of the sensitive beam (6) is of a square structure, a central shaft is provided with a wiring hole (11), and the wiring hole meets the relation of the length-diameter ratio:
wherein d is the side length of the square cross section of the sensitive beam (6), L 2 Is the length of the sensitive beam (6).
5. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by: the front section (2) and the rear section (3) of the model are made of aluminum alloy, and the top (1) of the model is of a steel structure.
6. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by: the head of the sensitive beam (6) is stuck on the central axis of the rear section (3) of the model through epoxy resin; the sensitive beam (6) is made of copper alloy materials.
7. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by: and an accelerometer (9) is arranged in the center of the end face of the model rear section (3) of the cavity formed by the model front section (2) and the model rear section (3).
8. A stress wave wind tunnel balance for a pulsed wind tunnel according to claim 1, characterized by: the middle section of the sensitive beam (6) is provided with 2 groups of pulleys (5), and the stress wave wind tunnel balance is hung and installed by the pulleys (5).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910387937.1A CN110108439B (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2019-05-10 | Stress wave wind tunnel balance for pulse wind tunnel |
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| CN201910387937.1A CN110108439B (en) | 2019-05-10 | 2019-05-10 | Stress wave wind tunnel balance for pulse wind tunnel |
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| CN110108439A CN110108439A (en) | 2019-08-09 |
| CN110108439B true CN110108439B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
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| CN110631800B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-04-28 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Stress wave balance suspension device and installation method thereof |
| CN110849577B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-05-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Stress wave balance wind tunnel force measuring method |
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