CN110102408A - A kind of electrostatic precipitator final stage electric field design method trapping ultrafine dust particle - Google Patents
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- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012719 wet electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
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Abstract
本发明提供一种捕集超细粉尘颗粒的静电除尘器末级电场设计方法，属于静电除尘技术领域。该方法在常规静电除尘器的次末级和末级电场采用密集电极布置方式和增加阳极板面积实现次微米颗粒和纳米颗粒的捕集。其中，密集电极布置方式中电极采用窄间距布置，使静电除尘器的阳极板距离缩小到300mm以内；增加阳极板面积是采用异形电极板来提高有效捕集面积。该方法根据Deutsch‑Androson方程，针对次微米和纳米颗粒捕集提出增加有效捕集面积降低超细粉尘逃逸率的设计方法，不仅可以满足日益严格的粉尘排放标准，还能有效降低静电除尘器的工业粉尘逃逸率。
The invention provides a method for designing an electric field at the end stage of an electrostatic precipitator for collecting ultrafine dust particles, and belongs to the technical field of electrostatic precipitator. The method adopts dense electrode arrangement and increases the area of the anode plate in the sub-final and final electric field of the conventional electrostatic precipitator to realize the trapping of sub-micron particles and nano-particles. Among them, in the dense electrode arrangement, the electrodes are arranged at narrow intervals, so that the distance between the anode plates of the electrostatic precipitator is reduced to less than 300mm; to increase the area of the anode plates, special-shaped electrode plates are used to increase the effective collection area. According to the Deutsch‑Androson equation, this method proposes a design method to increase the effective capture area and reduce the escape rate of ultrafine dust for the capture of submicron and nano particles, which can not only meet the increasingly stringent dust emission standards, but also effectively reduce the electrostatic precipitator. Industrial dust escape rate.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及静电除尘技术领域，特别是指一种捕集超细粉尘颗粒的静电除尘器末级电场设计方法。The invention relates to the technical field of electrostatic dust removal, in particular to a design method for the final electric field of an electrostatic precipitator for capturing ultrafine dust particles.
背景技术Background technique
静电除尘器是一种应用广泛的颗粒物控制装置。中国火力发电厂烟气飞灰控制90％以上采用的是静电除尘器。上海科技出版社曾出版《除尘设备设计》一书，详细介绍了静电除尘器的设计方法。静电除尘器设计，除了机械、运动、热学等相关知识外，主要涉及到电学、流体力学和颗粒学三大知识体系。Electrostatic precipitators are a widely used particle control device. More than 90% of the flue gas fly ash control in China's thermal power plants uses electrostatic precipitators. Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House once published the book "Design of Dust Removal Equipment", which introduced the design method of electrostatic precipitator in detail. Electrostatic precipitator design, in addition to mechanical, motion, thermal and other related knowledge, mainly involves three major knowledge systems of electricity, fluid mechanics and particle science.
K.Adamiak(2013)和Wei Wei等(2015)给出了静电除尘器从理论诞生到技术发展的重要时间节点。K. Adamiak (2013) and Wei Wei et al. (2015) gave an important time node from the theoretical birth to the technical development of the electrostatic precipitator.
静电除尘器的想法最早出现在1600年前后，Gilbert看到了烟尘被带电物体吸引。1700年前后Hauksbee进行了第一个电流体力学实验，演示离子风现象。1785年发现了静电除尘器的关键基础理论，Coulomb定律。1824年前后，验证了外电场作用下颗粒发生运动的原理，1884年出现了第一个静电除尘器专利。静电除尘器发展的130多年里，世界各国申请和批准了数以千万计的专利，其中仅中国专利就超过1000个。The idea of an electrostatic precipitator first arose around 1600, when Gilbert saw smoke being attracted to electrically charged objects. Around 1700, Hauksbee conducted the first electrohydrodynamic experiment to demonstrate the phenomenon of ionic wind. In 1785, the key basic theory of the electrostatic precipitator, Coulomb's law, was discovered. Around 1824, the principle of particle movement under the action of an external electric field was verified. In 1884, the first electrostatic precipitator patent appeared. During the more than 130 years of electrostatic precipitator development, tens of millions of patents have been applied and approved by countries all over the world, among which more than 1,000 patents have been granted in China alone.
中国知识产权局官网常规检索输入(发明名称＝)静电除尘器后检索到1143个专利。这些专利大体分为以下几类：The official website of the China Intellectual Property Office retrieved 1143 patents after inputting (invention name =) electrostatic precipitator. These patents generally fall into the following categories:
1.静电除尘器专利：如一种阻截式静电除尘器(CN201721608363.9)、静电除尘器(CN201721397643.X)、一种高压静电除尘器(CN201721147204.3)、一种湿式静电除尘器(CN201721047879.0)、静电除尘器(CN201710454361.7)……。1. Electrostatic precipitator patents: such as an intercepting electrostatic precipitator (CN201721608363.9), an electrostatic precipitator (CN201721397643.X), a high-voltage electrostatic precipitator (CN201721147204.3), a wet electrostatic precipitator (CN201721047879. 0), electrostatic precipitator (CN201710454361.7)…….
2.静电除尘器部件专利：一种湿式静电除尘器入口气流分布装置(CN201721055443.6)、一种湿式静电除尘器冲水装置(CN201721055261.9)、一种静电除尘器供电系统(CN201721009837.8)、一种静电除尘器高频电源控制系统(CN201710576463.6)、静电除尘器缓冲卸料装置(CN201720771044.3)……。2. Patents for electrostatic precipitator components: a wet electrostatic precipitator inlet air distribution device (CN201721055443.6), a wet electrostatic precipitator flushing device (CN201721055261.9), an electrostatic precipitator power supply system (CN201721009837.8 ), a high-frequency power supply control system for an electrostatic precipitator (CN201710576463.6), a buffer discharge device for an electrostatic precipitator (CN201720771044.3)....
3.静电除尘器电极专利：静电除尘器集尘电极(CN201720320708.4)、一种湿式静电除尘器用集尘极系统(CN201620940211.8)、湿式静电除尘器用柔性极线(CN201610295289.3)、湿式静电除尘器用柔性极线(CN201610295289.3)、一种湿式静电除尘器的芒刺型阴极线(CN201620226427.8)……。3. Electrode patents for electrostatic precipitators: dust collecting electrodes for electrostatic precipitators (CN201720320708.4), a dust collecting electrode system for wet electrostatic precipitators (CN201620940211.8), flexible pole wires for wet electrostatic precipitators (CN201610295289.3), wet Flexible polar wires for electrostatic precipitators (CN201610295289.3), prickly cathode wires for wet electrostatic precipitators (CN201620226427.8)...
4.静电除尘器安全运行专利：一种静电除尘器火花跟踪控制方法(CN201611007262.6)、一种静电除尘器防击穿装置(CN201621421114.4)……。4. Patents for safe operation of electrostatic precipitators: a spark tracking control method for electrostatic precipitators (CN201611007262.6), an anti-breakdown device for electrostatic precipitators (CN201621421114.4)...
5.提高静电除尘器性能专利：一种蜂窝状静电除尘器的超声波清洗机构(CN201720528675.2)、一种带有余热回收功能的湿式静电除尘器(CN201611182551.X)……。5. Patents for improving the performance of electrostatic precipitators: an ultrasonic cleaning mechanism for honeycomb electrostatic precipitators (CN201720528675.2), a wet electrostatic precipitator with waste heat recovery function (CN201611182551.X)...
检索到的专利内容显示，几乎静电除尘器设计都采用相同电场设计，即从第一电场到最末端电场，电极结构及其极配都是相同的。这样的静电除尘器在满足提高粉尘分离效率方面起到了重要作用，特别是环保标准提高后开展的电极极配研究，将工业静电除尘器的除尘效率提高到99.5％附近。The retrieved patent content shows that almost all electrostatic precipitator designs use the same electric field design, that is, from the first electric field to the end electric field, the electrode structure and its pole matching are the same. Such electrostatic precipitators have played an important role in improving the efficiency of dust separation, especially after the improvement of environmental protection standards, the electrode matching research has raised the dust removal efficiency of industrial electrostatic precipitators to around 99.5%.
从静电除尘器研究文献看，大多数静电除尘器研究文献都集中研究一个电场内的工作过程，如研究静电除尘器结构的有H.Ait Said(2015)极线-极板静电除尘器中空气流动对电晕放电的影响、R.Gouri(2013)采用介电障放电消除次微米颗粒、Tsrong-Yi Wen等(2015)采用带孔导板覆盖阳极板消除二次扬尘、F.J.Gutiérrez Ortiz等(2010)采用几何相似法研究静电除尘器技术放大、Masoud Molaei Najafabadi(2014)研究几何参数和电参数影响、Zhiyuan Ning(2016)研究几何参数的优化、J.Miller(1998)等研究放电电极结构对除尘过程的影响；From the electrostatic precipitator research literature, most of the electrostatic precipitator research literatures focus on the working process in an electric field, such as H.Ait Said (2015) who studied the structure of electrostatic precipitator. The influence of flow on corona discharge, R.Gouri (2013) used dielectric barrier discharge to eliminate submicron particles, Tsrong-Yi Wen et al. (2015) used a guide plate with holes to cover the anode plate to eliminate secondary dust, F.J. ) used the geometric similarity method to study the technical amplification of electrostatic precipitators, Masoud Molaei Najafabadi (2014) studied the influence of geometric parameters and electrical parameters, Zhiyuan Ning (2016) studied the optimization of geometric parameters, and J.Miller (1998) studied the effect of discharge electrode structure on dust removal process impact;
一些作者给出了静电除尘器及其工作过程的综述，如Ahmed Kasdi(2016)介绍了极线-极板式静电除尘器的数值计算和实验研究，Wei Wei(2015)等介绍了颗粒荷电的机理、应用和数值技术，SHUJI MATSUSAKA and HIROAKI MASUDA(2003)介绍了颗粒物的静电现象，Anatol Jaworek等(2007)介绍了现代静电除尘器和废气净化技术，K.Adamiak(2013)介绍了极线-极板静电除尘器的数值模型。这些研究给出了静电除尘器基本物理现象、重要结构和研究方法的全面背景。Some authors gave a review of the electrostatic precipitator and its working process. For example, Ahmed Kasdi (2016) introduced the numerical calculation and experimental research of the line-plate electrostatic precipitator, and Wei Wei (2015) introduced the particle charging method. Mechanism, application and numerical technology, SHUJI MATSUSAKA and HIROAKI MASUDA (2003) introduced the electrostatic phenomenon of particulate matter, Anatol Jaworek et al. (2007) introduced modern electrostatic precipitators and exhaust gas purification technology, K. Adamiak (2013) introduced the polar line- Numerical model of plate electrostatic precipitator. These studies give a comprehensive background on the fundamental physical phenomena, important structures, and research methods of electrostatic precipitators.
实际上，多电场静电除尘器中飞灰发生一些连续变化，这些变化表现为，颗粒平均尺寸不断减小、颗粒数密度不断降低和飞灰电阻不断升高。即除尘过程中存在电场对粉尘的物理筛选过程。前面的电场以脱除微米级颗粒为主，后面的几级电场面临的粉尘与静电除尘器前面电场粉尘已经发生了明显变化。原永涛(1990)在测量保定电厂的飞灰特性时看到静电除尘器每个电场分离下来的飞灰性质和参数发生了明显的变化，特别是静电除尘器进出口飞灰电阻的显著变化，静电除尘器进出口粉尘电阻相差2个数量级。齐立强等(1999)测量了冀北、冀中和豫南三个电厂静电除尘器不同落灰斗的飞灰性质，Seung Heun Lee(1999)测量了燃用澳大利亚烟煤的日本电厂静电除尘器不同落灰斗的飞灰性质。这些研究都看到按烟气流程的每个灰斗的飞灰特性发生了明显变化。齐立强等(2007)给出了三个电场静电除尘器每个电场落灰斗飞灰颗粒尺寸分布。大于20μm颗粒的分级效率可以认为是100％，10μm颗粒的分级效率可以认为是90％，2.5μm颗粒的分级效率只有～70％。In fact, some continuous changes occur in the fly ash in the multi-electric field electrostatic precipitator. These changes are manifested by the continuous decrease of the average particle size, the continuous decrease of the particle number density and the continuous increase of the fly ash electrical resistance. That is to say, there is a physical screening process of dust by electric field in the process of dust removal. The front electric field is mainly used to remove micron-sized particles, and the dust faced by the electric fields in the latter stages has changed significantly from the dust in the electric field in front of the electrostatic precipitator. Yuan Yongtao (1990) observed obvious changes in the properties and parameters of the fly ash separated by each electric field of the electrostatic precipitator when measuring the fly ash characteristics of Baoding Power Plant, especially the significant change in the resistance of the fly ash at the inlet and outlet of the electrostatic precipitator , The dust resistance of the inlet and outlet of the electrostatic precipitator differs by 2 orders of magnitude. Qi Liqiang et al. (1999) measured the fly ash properties of different ash hoppers of electrostatic precipitators in three power plants in northern Hebei, central Hebei and southern Henan. The fly ash nature of the ash hopper. These studies all saw significant changes in the fly ash characteristics of each hopper by flue gas flow. Qi Liqiang et al. (2007) gave the particle size distribution of fly ash in each electric field dust hopper of three electric field electrostatic precipitators. The classification efficiency of particles larger than 20 μm can be considered as 100%, the classification efficiency of 10 μm particles can be considered as 90%, and the classification efficiency of 2.5 μm particles is only ~70%.
静电除尘器对烟尘的筛选结果要求静电除尘器后面电场要能适应粉尘性质变化。这些变化反映在以下三个方面。第一，飞灰电阻升高；第二，飞灰尺寸变小；第三，飞灰数密度下降；由于这些变化，带来了飞灰粘附性发生变化，对超细粉尘到达捕集板表面后的沉积方式有很大影响。The screening results of the dust by the electrostatic precipitator require that the electric field behind the electrostatic precipitator should be able to adapt to the change of dust properties. These changes are reflected in the following three aspects. First, the resistance of the fly ash increases; second, the size of the fly ash becomes smaller; third, the number density of the fly ash decreases; due to these changes, the adhesion of the fly ash changes, and the ultrafine dust reaches the collection plate The deposition method behind the surface has a great influence.
事实上，每个电场的工作对象是连续变化的。如飞灰电阻是连续升高的，有例子表明，当静电除尘器进口飞灰电阻比较高时，最后电场的飞灰电阻能超出静电除尘器的适宜工作范围，使飞灰难以回收。这些研究结果呼吁静电除尘器改变前后电场相同的设计。In fact, the working object of each electric field changes continuously. If the resistance of the fly ash increases continuously, some examples show that when the resistance of the fly ash at the inlet of the electrostatic precipitator is relatively high, the resistance of the fly ash in the final electric field can exceed the suitable working range of the electrostatic precipitator, making it difficult to recycle the fly ash. These findings call for changing the design of the electrostatic precipitator to have the same electric field before and after.
1991年10月前电力部环境保护科学研究所检测国内近百家燃煤电厂电除尘器飞灰[原永涛等，1996]，自1975年起前冶金部安全技术研究所检测中国煤灰的比电阻，发现我国煤灰在90～200℃时的比电阻值为1×1011～1013Ωcm，130℃时最高[马淑民苏建文，1981]。这个发现的意义在于煤灰电阻阻值最高的烟气温度恰恰在常规锅炉排烟温度附近。这些调研结果呼吁静电除尘器针对高飞灰电阻要有针对性措施，否则无法保证除尘效率。In October 1991, the former Ministry of Electric Power Environmental Protection Science Research Institute tested the fly ash of nearly a hundred coal-fired power plants in China [Yuan Yongtao et al., 1996]. Specific resistance, it is found that the specific resistance value of coal ash in China is 1×10 11 ～10 13 Ωcm at 90-200 °C, and the highest at 130 °C [Ma Shumin and Su Jianwen, 1981]. The significance of this discovery is that the flue gas temperature with the highest resistance value of coal ash is just around the exhaust gas temperature of conventional boilers. These findings call for targeted measures for electrostatic precipitators to address high fly ash resistance, otherwise dust removal efficiency cannot be guaranteed.
如果原永涛(1990)齐立强等(1999)和Seung Heun Lee(1999)对静电除尘器不同落灰斗飞灰测量结果有普遍意义，则静电除尘器最末级和次末级电场的工作效果是非常差的。If Yuan Yongtao (1990), Qi Liqiang et al. (1999) and Seung Heun Lee (1999) have general significance on the measurement results of fly ash in different ash hoppers of electrostatic precipitator, then the working effect of the last stage and second last stage electric field of electrostatic precipitator is very poor.
很多文献介绍过静电除尘器对次微米颗粒捕集效果差，如熊桂龙等(2015)将0.1～1.0μm颗粒称为静电除尘器的穿透窗口。这意味着静电除尘器对0.1～1.0μm(有的文献认为是0.2～1.0μm和0.5～1.0μm)和纳米级粉尘的捕集效果差。Many literatures have introduced that electrostatic precipitators have poor capture effect on submicron particles. For example, Xiong Guilong et al. (2015) called 0.1-1.0 μm particles as the penetration window of electrostatic precipitators. This means that the electrostatic precipitator has a poor collection effect on 0.1-1.0 μm (some literature considers 0.2-1.0 μm and 0.5-1.0 μm) and nanometer dust.
综上所述，当静电除尘器脱除绝大多数微米级粉尘后，对大部分次微米和纳米颗粒没有针对性措施，这个理论和技术上的制约使静电除尘器难以从除尘设备提升到生态保护意义上的粉尘控制设备。To sum up, when the electrostatic precipitator removes most of the micron-sized dust, there are no targeted measures for most of the sub-micron and nano-particles. This theoretical and technical constraint makes it difficult for the electrostatic precipitator to be upgraded from a dust removal device to an ecological one. Dust control equipment in the sense of protection.
静电除尘器的二次扬尘是静电除尘器工作过程的重要现象，对二次扬尘迄今没有针对性措施。Tsrong-Yi Wen等(2015)采用带孔导板覆盖阳极板研究二次扬尘消除，这种思路适合于小面积静电除尘器。当阳极板面积增大后，这种增加的覆盖版会因为气流而颤动。本发明提出用百叶窗消除静电除尘器的二次扬尘。百叶窗对阳极板振打产生的二次粉尘形成了距离阻碍作用。粉尘在气流和静电力作用下很容易穿过百叶窗达到阳极板，但脱离阳极板时百叶窗成为固体屏障，迫使从阳极板上脱落的粉尘在重力作用下进入灰斗。The secondary dust of the electrostatic precipitator is an important phenomenon in the working process of the electrostatic precipitator, and there is no targeted measure for the secondary dust so far. Tsrong-Yi Wen et al. (2015) used a perforated guide plate to cover the anode plate to study the elimination of secondary dust. This idea is suitable for small-area electrostatic precipitators. When the area of the anode plate is increased, this increased cover plate will vibrate due to the air flow. The invention proposes to use shutters to eliminate the secondary dust of the electrostatic precipitator. The louver forms a distance barrier to the secondary dust generated by the vibration of the anode plate. Dust can easily pass through the louvers to reach the anode plate under the action of airflow and electrostatic force, but the louvers become a solid barrier when detached from the anode plate, forcing the dust falling off the anode plate to enter the ash hopper under the action of gravity.
根据文献和实验结果可知五电场静电除尘器的理想极配布置。第一电场除尘量最大(70～80％)，布置了百叶窗限制二次扬尘。末级电场采用窄间距阳极板布置，次末级电场采用异形阳极板，第二和第三电场采用常规设计。According to the literature and experimental results, the ideal pole-matching arrangement of the five-field electrostatic precipitator can be known. The dust removal capacity of the first electric field is the largest (70-80%), and shutters are arranged to limit secondary dust. The final electric field is arranged with narrow-pitch anode plates, the second final electric field is made of special-shaped anode plates, and the second and third electric fields are of conventional design.
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发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种捕集超细粉尘颗粒的静电除尘器末级电场设计方法，旨在捕集前几级电场中逃逸的次微米和纳米级粉尘。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for designing the final stage electric field of an electrostatic precipitator for capturing ultrafine dust particles, aiming at capturing submicron and nanoscale dust escaping from the previous stages of electric field.
该方法在常规静电除尘器的次末级和末级电场采用密集电极布置方式和增加阳极板面积实现次微米颗粒和纳米颗粒的捕集；其中，密集电极布置方式中电极采用窄间距布置，使静电除尘器的阳极板距离缩小到300mm以内；增加阳极板面积具体为采用异形电极板来提高有效捕集面积。This method adopts dense electrode layout and increases the area of the anode plate in the sub-final and final electric field of the conventional electrostatic precipitator to achieve the capture of sub-micron particles and nanoparticles; among them, the electrodes in the dense electrode layout are arranged with narrow spacing, so that The distance between the anode plates of the electrostatic precipitator is reduced to less than 300mm; the area of the anode plates is increased by using special-shaped electrode plates to increase the effective collection area.
其中，密集电极布置方式具体为：在有限烟气通道截面内增加接地电极和放电电极数量，放电电极和接地电极距离不大于150mm。Among them, the dense electrode arrangement method is specifically: increasing the number of grounding electrodes and discharge electrodes in the limited flue gas passage section, and the distance between the discharge electrodes and the grounding electrodes is not greater than 150mm.
异形电极板为接地电极，异形电极板包括波纹板、垛口板、折纹板和锯齿版。The special-shaped electrode plate is a ground electrode, and the special-shaped electrode plate includes a corrugated plate, a crenel plate, a corrugated plate, and a sawtooth plate.
阳极板前设置百叶窗结构，消除静电除尘器二次扬尘造成的粉尘逃逸量极距增加。The louver structure is set in front of the anode plate to eliminate the increase of the dust escape caused by the secondary dust of the electrostatic precipitator.
本发明的上述技术方案的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of above-mentioned technical scheme of the present invention are as follows:
上述方案中，根据Deutsch-Androson方程，针对次微米和纳米颗粒捕集提出增加有效捕集面积降低超细粉尘逃逸率的设计方法，不仅可以满足日益严格的粉尘排放标准，还能有效降低静电除尘器的工业粉尘逃逸率。In the above scheme, according to the Deutsch-Androson equation, the design method of increasing the effective capture area and reducing the escape rate of ultrafine dust is proposed for the capture of sub-micron and nano-particles, which can not only meet the increasingly stringent dust emission standards, but also effectively reduce electrostatic dust collection The industrial dust escape rate of the device.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的捕集超细粉尘颗粒的静电除尘器末级电场设计方法中异形电极板结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the structure of the special-shaped electrode plate in the design method of the final stage electric field of the electrostatic precipitator for trapping ultrafine dust particles of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中垛口板与RS电极配合形成的烟尘通道示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the smoke channel formed by the cooperation of the crenel board and the RS electrode in the embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中RS电极与平板接地电极配合的烟尘通道示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the soot channel where the RS electrode cooperates with the flat ground electrode in an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例中五电场静电除尘器中各电场运行电压示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operating voltage of each electric field in the five-field electrostatic precipitator in the embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中百叶窗与阳极板配合方式示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation mode between the shutter and the anode plate in the embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例中五电场静电除尘器电极布置俯视图。Fig. 6 is a top view of the electrode arrangement of the five-field electrostatic precipitator in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明要解决的技术问题、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图及具体实施例进行详细描述。In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following will describe in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明提供一种捕集超细粉尘颗粒的静电除尘器末级电场设计方法。The invention provides a method for designing the final stage electric field of an electrostatic precipitator for collecting ultrafine dust particles.
该方法将常规多电场静电除尘器设计成三部分。第一部分是常规静电除尘器结构和功能，可以根据飞灰浓度和飞灰性质可以采用2～3个电场，最低脱除进口粉尘量的90％。第二部分专门针对残余次微米粉尘，即为本发明中的次末级电场。第三部分专门针对纳米粉尘，即为本发明中的末级电场。In this method, the conventional multi-electric field electrostatic precipitator is designed into three parts. The first part is the structure and function of the conventional electrostatic precipitator. According to the fly ash concentration and fly ash properties, 2 to 3 electric fields can be used to remove at least 90% of the imported dust. The second part is specifically aimed at residual submicron dust, which is the sub-final electric field in the present invention. The third part is specifically for nano dust, which is the final electric field in the present invention.
本发明设计方法根据Deutsch-Andrason方程提出。该方程给出的除尘效率为：The design method of the present invention is proposed according to the Deutsch-Andrason equation. The dust removal efficiency given by this equation is:
η＝1-exp(-ωA/V)η=1-exp(-ωA/V)
式中，ω是颗粒穿过ESP的平均迁移速度，A是有效除尘面积，V是气体流率。从公式中可知，增加A可以提高粉尘捕集效率。In the formula, ω is the average migration velocity of particles passing through the ESP, A is the effective dust removal area, and V is the gas flow rate. It can be seen from the formula that increasing A can improve the dust collection efficiency.
本发明的主导思想是针对次微米颗粒和纳米颗粒采用密集电极布置方式和增加阳极板面积。前者采用窄间距(相对于宽间距而言)，即将静电除尘器的阳极板距离缩小到300mm以内(即放电电极和接地电极距离不大于150mm)。后者采用图1所示的异形板。放电电极采用常规的工业放电电极，如RS电极。图1给出4种异形板，可以根据飞灰电阻选用。图2给出垛口板与RS电极配合，其他异形板与放电电极配合与图2类似。The main idea of the present invention is to adopt a dense electrode arrangement and increase the area of the anode plate for submicron particles and nanoparticles. The former adopts a narrow spacing (compared to a wide spacing), that is, the distance between the anode plate of the electrostatic precipitator is reduced to within 300mm (that is, the distance between the discharge electrode and the ground electrode is not greater than 150mm). The latter adopts the special-shaped plate shown in Figure 1. The discharge electrodes adopt conventional industrial discharge electrodes, such as RS electrodes. Figure 1 shows 4 kinds of special-shaped plates, which can be selected according to the resistance of fly ash. Figure 2 shows the cooperation between the crenel board and the RS electrode, and the cooperation between other special-shaped plates and the discharge electrode is similar to Figure 2.
图3给出密集布置的电极配置。图中接地电极采用了平板电极，异极距采用150mm，大体上每米宽烟气流体截面可增加1～2个阳极板，即增加约20％有效除尘面积。强调接地电极之间的距离为150mm(<200mm)，这样排列一方面增加了单位烟道宽度内的接地电极数量，另一方面由于接地电极距离减小可以增加放电电极数量，由此提高整个烟气通道中的电场强度(空间电场从放电电极向外是衰减分布)，进而提高除尘效率。Figure 3 shows a densely arranged electrode configuration. In the figure, the grounding electrode adopts a flat plate electrode, and the distance between different poles is 150 mm. Generally, 1 to 2 anode plates can be added for each meter of flue gas fluid section, that is, the effective dust removal area can be increased by about 20%. It is emphasized that the distance between the ground electrodes is 150mm (<200mm). On the one hand, this arrangement increases the number of ground electrodes within the unit flue width, and on the other hand, the reduced distance between the ground electrodes can increase the number of discharge electrodes, thereby improving the overall smoke efficiency. The electric field strength in the gas channel (the space electric field is the attenuation distribution from the discharge electrode to the outside), thereby improving the dust removal efficiency.
图2在增加十分有限的烟道宽度条件下，理论上增加了2倍有效除尘面积。尽管图1给出的异形板会造成微弱的气流波动，使几乎没有惯性的超细颗粒受到扰动，但只要荷电充分，电场力就是绝对的主要作用力，可以保证这些气体扰动不会破坏超细粉尘的捕集效果。In Figure 2, under the condition of increasing the flue width very limited, the effective dust removal area is theoretically increased by 2 times. Although the special-shaped plate shown in Figure 1 will cause weak airflow fluctuations and disturb the ultrafine particles with almost no inertia, as long as the charge is sufficient, the electric field force is the absolute main force, which can ensure that these gas disturbances will not damage the ultrafine particles. The trapping effect of fine dust.
如图1所示，锯齿板增加有效捕集面积约1倍，垛口板增加有效捕集面积约2倍，其余异形板增加的有效捕集面积介于1～2倍之间。As shown in Figure 1, the sawtooth plate increases the effective capture area by about 1 time, the crenel plate increases the effective capture area by about 2 times, and the other special-shaped plates increase the effective capture area between 1 and 2 times.
在具体实施过程中，采用图2结构，垛口尺寸10mm×10mm，捕集板采用1mm厚钢板，放电电极对应3个垛口结构，接地电极距离160mm，放电电极左右两侧的放电点距离85mm。或者采用图3结构，接地电极距离150mm，放电电极左右两侧的放电点距离85mm，每个接地电极对应3个放电电极。在采用五电场静电除尘器时，采用变电压运行。第四电场采用图3结构，第五电场采用图2结构，各电场运行电压如图4所示。In the specific implementation process, the structure shown in Figure 2 is adopted, the crenel size is 10mm×10mm, the collecting plate is made of 1mm thick steel plate, the discharge electrode corresponds to 3 crenel structures, the distance between the ground electrodes is 160mm, and the distance between the discharge points on the left and right sides of the discharge electrode is 85mm. Alternatively, the structure shown in Fig. 3 is adopted, the distance between the ground electrodes is 150 mm, the distance between the discharge points on the left and right sides of the discharge electrodes is 85 mm, and each ground electrode corresponds to three discharge electrodes. When the five-field electrostatic precipitator is used, it operates with variable voltage. The fourth electric field adopts the structure shown in Figure 3, the fifth electric field adopts the structure shown in Figure 2, and the operating voltages of each electric field are shown in Figure 4.
在本发明中，阳极板前设置百叶窗结构，消除静电除尘器二次扬尘造成的粉尘逃逸量极距增加，如图5所示，百叶窗对阳极板振打产生的二次粉尘形成了显著的阻碍作用。粉尘在气流和静电力作用下很容易穿过百叶窗达到阳极板，但脱离阳极板时百叶窗成为固体屏障，迫使从阳极板上脱落的粉尘在重力作用下进入灰斗。In the present invention, the louver structure is arranged in front of the anode plate to eliminate the increase of the dust escape amount caused by the secondary dust of the electrostatic precipitator. As shown in Figure 5, the louver forms a significant hindrance to the secondary dust generated by the vibration of the anode plate . Dust can easily pass through the louvers to reach the anode plate under the action of airflow and electrostatic force, but the louvers become a solid barrier when detached from the anode plate, forcing the dust falling off the anode plate to enter the ash hopper under the action of gravity.
根据文献和实验结果，图6给出五电场静电除尘器的极配布置。第一电场除尘量最大(70～80％)，布置了百叶窗限制二次扬尘。末级电场采用窄间距阳极板布置，次末级电场采用异形阳极板，第二和第三电场采用常规设计。According to the literature and experimental results, Figure 6 shows the pole configuration of the five-field electrostatic precipitator. The dust removal capacity of the first electric field is the largest (70-80%), and shutters are arranged to limit secondary dust. The final electric field is arranged with narrow-pitch anode plates, the second final electric field is made of special-shaped anode plates, and the second and third electric fields are of conventional design.
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明所述原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN111744672A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-10-09 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | A circular arc anode plate dust collector with shutters |
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