Continuous production line for preparing activated carbon from coal by microwave carbonization and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwaves, in particular to a continuous production line for preparing activated carbon by using microwave carbonized coal and a control method thereof.
Background
Activated carbon is an artificial carbon material product with highly developed pore structure and extremely large internal surface area, and is most remarkable in that adsorption can adsorb various substances from gas phase or liquid phase. The technology of producing activated carbon by using coal as raw material is gradually popularized, for example, chinese patent No. 201510589610.4 discloses a briquette activated carbon prepared by blending weakly caking coal as main material, a preparation method and application thereof, and mainly discloses that the caking coal is used for forming briquettes, and carbonization and activation are carried out in a high-temperature environment. However, in the actual processing process, the forming of the pressing block and the heating of the pressing block are carried out by different equipment, continuous processing equipment cannot be realized, the processing efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the smoke generated in the heating process of the pressing block causes pollution to the environment. How to design a coal activated carbon processing technology which has high processing efficiency and light pollution and is environment-friendly is the technical problem to be solved by the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a continuous production line for microwave carbonized coal activated carbon and a control method thereof, which are used for improving the processing efficiency of the continuous production line for microwave carbonized coal activated carbon, reducing pollution and achieving the purpose of green and environment-friendly processing.
The invention provides a continuous production line for preparing activated carbon by microwave carbonization coal, which comprises the following steps:
The extrusion coal forming assembly is used for crushing the coal briquette and extruding the crushed coal briquette to form a coal briquette with a set shape;
The microwave heating assembly is used for heating the coal briquettes by microwaves so as to carbonize the coal briquettes;
The air treatment assembly is used for harmlessly treating gas generated in the microwave heating process of the coal briquettes and recycling coal tar in the gas.
Further, the microwave heating assembly comprises a microwave heating tunnel for performing microwave heating, a first microwave generator for microwave heating of the coal briquettes is arranged in the microwave heating tunnel, and the microwave carbonization coal activated carbon continuous production line further comprises a steam generating assembly for heating water to generate steam and forming protective air curtains at two ends of the microwave heating tunnel by utilizing the steam.
Further, the steam generating assembly comprises a water tank, a heating module and two steam boxes, wherein the heating module is used for heating water in the water tank to generate steam and conveying the steam into the steam boxes, the steam boxes are arranged at the corresponding ends of the microwave heating tunnel, the microwave heating assembly further comprises a conveying belt, the conveying belt penetrates through the microwave heating tunnel and the steam boxes, and the heating module is an electric heating pipe arranged in the water tank or a second microwave generator arranged outside the water tank.
Further, the air treatment assembly comprises a first fan, a tar recovery module and a connecting pipeline, the tar recovery module comprises a tar recovery box, a condenser and an electric tar precipitator, the condenser comprises a shell and a plurality of condenser pipes arranged in the shell, two sealing tube plates are arranged in the shell, a water cavity is formed in the shell in a region between the two sealing tube plates, the shell is located in one of the regions outside the sealing tube plates, an air outlet cavity is formed in the region outside the other sealing tube plate, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are communicated with the water cavity are further arranged on the shell, an air inlet pipe which is communicated with the air inlet cavity is further arranged on the shell, an air outlet pipe which is communicated with the air outlet cavity is further arranged on the shell, the condenser pipes are in sealing penetration with the two sealing tube plates, the condenser pipes are communicated with the air inlet cavity and the air outlet cavity, the bottom of the shell is provided with an oil outlet pipe which is communicated with the air inlet cavity, the air inlet pipe is connected with the first fan, the first pipeline is connected with the electric tar precipitator through the water inlet pipe, and the electric tar is connected with the electric tar precipitator through the water inlet pipe, and the tar is recycled by the electric tar collector.
Further, the wind outlet of the electric tar precipitator is also connected with an exhaust gas incinerator.
Further, the extrusion coal forming assembly comprises a mounting bracket, a crushing mechanism and an extrusion forming mechanism, wherein the crushing mechanism and the extrusion forming mechanism are arranged on the mounting bracket, the crushing mechanism is used for crushing coal blocks in an extrusion mode and conveying the crushed coal blocks to the extrusion forming mechanism, the extrusion forming mechanism is used for extruding the crushed coal to form coal blocks, the crushing mechanism is a toothed roller crusher and comprises a feed bin and two compression rollers arranged in a discharge hole at the bottom of the feed bin, the two compression rollers are arranged side by side and are close to each other, a plurality of grooves are formed in the circumferential surfaces of the compression rollers, and a conveying belt is arranged between a discharge hole of the toothed roller crusher and the feed bin.
Further, extrusion coal shaping subassembly still is provided with dust absorption purification subassembly, dust absorption purification subassembly includes dust absorption wind channel, second fan and shower, the second fan sets up in the dust absorption wind channel, the air intake in dust absorption wind channel is provided with the dust hood, the dust hood is located the top of tooth roller crusher, the air outlet in dust absorption wind channel is provided with the shower, the air outlet in dust absorption wind channel is located the top of feed bin.
Further, the dust collection and purification assembly further comprises a shielding cover, the shielding cover is slidably arranged on the mounting bracket, a cylinder used for driving the shielding cover to move between the upper part of the toothed roller crusher and the upper part of the storage bin is further arranged on the mounting bracket, and a vent is arranged on the shielding cover and is used for being communicated with an air outlet of the dust collection air duct.
The cooling device comprises an outer sleeve, an inner sleeve, an auger, a conveying belt, a cooling assembly, a water inlet and a water outlet, wherein the cooling assembly is positioned at a discharge hole of a microwave heating tunnel, the inner sleeve is arranged in the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve is arranged between the outer sleeve to form a cooling water cavity, the outer sleeve is further provided with the water inlet and the water outlet which are communicated with the cooling water cavity, the auger is rotatably arranged in the inner sleeve, and the conveying belt is further used for conveying the formed active carbon output from the microwave heating tunnel into the inner sleeve.
The invention also provides a control method of the continuous production line of the activated carbon made of the microwave carbonized coal, which adopts the continuous production line of the activated carbon made of the microwave carbonized coal;
under the briquetting process, putting the coal briquette into a smashing mechanism for smashing treatment, and conveying smashed coal into an extrusion forming mechanism for extrusion forming to form a coal briquette;
Under the microwave heating procedure, the coal briquettes are conveyed into a microwave heating tunnel to be subjected to microwave heating, and carbonization and activation treatment are carried out on the coal briquettes to form activated carbon;
and (3) a tar recovery procedure, namely enabling tar smoke generated by heating the coal briquette in the microwave heating tunnel to enter an air treatment assembly, condensing tar in the tar smoke by utilizing a condenser, and treating the condensed smoke by an electric tar precipitator.
According to the microwave carbonized coal-made activated carbon continuous production line and the control method thereof, provided by the invention, the air treatment assembly is added, so that tar smoke generated in the microwave heating process of the coal briquettes can be sucked and captured by the air treatment assembly, the tar content of the smoke discharged to the atmosphere is extremely low, even the tar content is not reached, the pollution to the environment is effectively reduced, and the purpose of green and environment-friendly processing is achieved. Meanwhile, the coal briquette is crushed and molded on line through the extrusion coal molding assembly, and the extrusion coal molding assembly is matched with the steam generation assembly to perform humidification preheating, so that carbonization and activation efficiency of the coal briquette are improved, and the machining efficiency is improved as a whole.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a continuous production line for producing activated carbon from microwave carbonized coal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an extrusion coal forming assembly in the microwave carbonized coal-to-activated carbon continuous production line of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a steam generating assembly in the microwave carbonized coal-to-activated carbon continuous production line of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a condenser in the microwave carbonized coal-made activated carbon continuous production line of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a condenser in the microwave carbonized coal-to-activated carbon continuous production line of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a press roll in the microwave carbonized coal-made activated carbon continuous production line of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cooling assembly in the microwave carbonized coal-made activated carbon continuous production line.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the continuous production line for preparing activated carbon from coal by microwave carbonization in the embodiment comprises an extrusion coal forming assembly 1, a microwave heating assembly 3 and an air treatment assembly 4, wherein the extrusion coal forming assembly 1 is used for crushing and extruding coal blocks to form coal briquettes with set shapes, the microwave heating assembly 3 is used for heating the coal briquettes by microwaves so as to carbonize the coal briquettes, and the air treatment assembly 4 is used for harmlessly treating gas generated in the microwave heating process of the coal briquettes and recycling coal tar in the gas.
Specifically, the continuous production line for preparing activated carbon from microwave carbonized coal realizes online crushing of coal blocks and extrusion to form coal briquettes through the extrusion coal forming assembly 1, the coal briquettes enter the microwave heating assembly 3 to heat the coal briquettes rapidly and efficiently by microwaves, so that the coal briquettes can be heated and carbonized rapidly, a large amount of coal tar and other components are contained in gas generated in the process of heating the coal briquettes by microwaves, the air treatment assembly 4 can recycle coal tar contained in the gas, and air purification is realized to reduce environmental pollution. Specifically, the extrusion coal forming assembly 1 comprises a mounting bracket 11, a crushing mechanism 12 and an extrusion forming mechanism 13 which are arranged on the mounting bracket 11, wherein the crushing mechanism 12 is used for crushing coal blocks in an extrusion mode and conveying the crushed coal blocks to the extrusion forming mechanism 13, the extrusion forming mechanism 13 is used for forming the crushed coal blocks in an extrusion mode, the microwave heating assembly 3 comprises a microwave heating tunnel 31 and a conveying belt 32, a first microwave generator (not shown) for heating the coal blocks in a microwave mode is arranged in the microwave heating tunnel 31, the air treatment assembly 4 comprises a first fan (not shown), a tar recovery module 41 and a connecting pipeline 42, and the tar recovery module 41 comprises a tar recovery box, The condenser 411 comprises a shell (not marked) and a plurality of condensation pipes 400 arranged in the shell, two sealing tube plates (not marked) are arranged in the shell, a water cavity is formed in the shell in a region between the two sealing tube plates, an air inlet cavity is formed in the region, located outside one sealing tube plate, of the shell, an air outlet cavity is formed in the region, located outside the other sealing tube plate, of the shell, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are communicated with the water cavity are further arranged on the shell, an air inlet pipe 401 which is communicated with the air inlet cavity is further arranged on the shell, an air outlet pipe 402 which is communicated with the air outlet cavity is further arranged on the shell, the condensation pipes penetrate through the two sealing tube plates in a sealing mode, a plurality of jacks are arranged on the sealing tube plates, the condensation pipes 400 are inserted in the corresponding jacks in a sealing mode, the air inlet cavity and the air outlet cavity are communicated with each other, an oil outlet pipe 403 which is communicated with the air inlet cavity is arranged at the bottom of the shell, an air inlet pipe 401 is connected with the air inlet pipe 412, the first air inlet pipe is connected with the electric tar recovery fan and the electric tar recovery box, and the first air inlet pipe is connected with the electric tar recovery box, and the electric tar recovery box is connected with the air inlet pipe 402. The tar flue gas generated by heating the coal briquettes enters the air treatment assembly 4, the tar flue gas enters the condenser 411 under the action of the first fan, cooling water flows outside the condensation pipe 400 in the condenser 411, so that the tar flue gas flowing through the condensation pipe 400 is condensed, the tar is condensed on the pipe wall of the condensation pipe 400 and slides to the bottom of the shell of the condenser 411 by utilizing gravity, finally, the tar flows into the tar recovery tank through the oil outlet pipe 403, a small amount of tar is also contained in the gas output from the condenser 411, further tar removal is realized by utilizing the electric tar precipitator 412, the purification of the discharged gas is realized, the pollution to the environment is reduced, and the tar captured in the electric tar precipitator 412 is collected and flows into the tar recovery tank. Preferably, an exhaust gas incinerator (not shown) is further connected to the air outlet of the electrical tar precipitator 412, and combustible harmful gases such as carbon monoxide are also contained in the gas processed by the electrical tar precipitator 412, and the gas output from the electrical tar precipitator 412 is incinerated by the exhaust gas incinerator, so that the gas is discharged harmlessly.
Further, in order to ensure that the generated gas does not burn due to contact with oxygen in the microwave heating process, the continuous production line for producing activated carbon by microwave carbonization coal according to this embodiment further includes a steam generating component 2, wherein the steam generating component 2 is used for heating water to generate steam and forming protective air curtains at two ends of the microwave heating tunnel 31 by using the steam, specifically, the steam generating component 2 forms protective air curtains at two ends of the microwave heating tunnel 31 by heating water to generate a large amount of steam so as to prevent external air from entering the microwave heating tunnel 31, and meanwhile, the steam generated by the steam generating component 2 enters the microwave heating tunnel 31 to be used for supplementing gas. The steam generating assembly 2 comprises a water tank 21, a heating module 22 and two steam boxes 23, wherein the heating module 22 is used for heating water in the water tank 21 and conveying the water into the corresponding steam boxes 23 through corresponding pipelines, the steam boxes 23 are arranged at corresponding ends of the microwave heating tunnels 31 so as to form air curtains at ports of the microwave heating tunnels 31 through the steam boxes 23, the conveying belt 32 penetrates through the microwave heating tunnels 31 and the steam boxes 23, the conveying belt 31 is used for conveying coal briquettes output by the extruded coal forming assembly 1 to sequentially pass through the steam boxes 23, the microwave heating tunnels 31 and the other steam boxes 23, and water in the water tank 21 in the steam generating assembly 2 is heated by the heating module 22 to form hot steam to enter the steam boxes 23, wherein the heating module 22 can be an electric heating pipe arranged in the water tank 21 or a second microwave generator arranged outside the water tank 21. The steam in the steam box 23 at the inlet end of the microwave heating tunnel 31 encounters a coal briquette at normal temperature, the steam can preheat the coal briquette on one hand, and on the other hand, the steam can humidify the coal briquette when encountering cold, so that the water in the coal briquette can further improve the heating efficiency of the coal briquette to realize carbonization and activation of the coal briquette in the microwave heating process of the microwave heating tunnel 31, and the coal briquette is output from the steam box 23 at the outlet end of the microwave heating tunnel 31 after being carbonized to form active carbon, and the steam is accelerated to evaporate after encountering the active carbon due to the higher temperature of the active carbon.
The crushing mechanism 12 in the extrusion coal forming assembly 1 may be a toothed roller crusher, the toothed roller crusher is used for crushing coal blocks to form coal dust, the extrusion forming mechanism 13 comprises a bin (not marked) and two press rollers 131 arranged in a discharge hole at the bottom of the bin, the two press rollers 131 are arranged side by side and are close together, a plurality of grooves 132 are formed in the circumferential surface of the press rollers 131, a conveying belt (not shown) is arranged between a discharging hole of the toothed roller crusher and the bin, the crushing mechanism 12 is used for conveying the coal blocks to the bin of the extrusion forming mechanism 13 through the conveying belt after crushing the coal blocks to form coal dust, and the two press rollers 131 are used for rolling treatment, so that the coal blocks are formed by extrusion in the grooves 132 of the press rollers 131. Preferably, in order to reduce the pollution of coal dust to the environment in the coal briquetting processing process, the extrusion coal forming assembly 1 is further provided with a dust collection and purification assembly 14, the dust collection and purification assembly 14 comprises a dust collection air duct 141, a second fan (not marked) and a spray pipe 142, the second fan is arranged in the dust collection air duct 141, an air inlet of the dust collection air duct 141 is provided with a dust collection cover 143, the dust collection cover 143 is positioned above the toothed roll crusher 12, an air outlet of the dust collection air duct 141 is provided with the spray pipe 142, an air outlet of the dust collection air duct 141 is positioned above the storage bin, and specifically, dust generated in the coal briquette smashing process is sucked into the dust collection air duct 141 and is matched with the spray pipe 142 to realize dust-free operation. The dust collection and purification assembly 14 preferably further comprises a shielding cover 144, wherein the shielding cover 144 is slidably arranged on the mounting bracket 11, the mounting bracket 11 is further provided with a cylinder 145 for driving the shielding cover 144 to move between the upper part of the toothed roller crusher and the upper part of the bin, the shielding cover 144 is provided with a vent for being communicated with an air outlet of the dust collection air duct 141, specifically, in the process of crushing coal blocks through the toothed roller crusher, the shielding cover 144 moves to the upper part of the toothed roller crusher to shield an inlet of the roller crusher, coal dust overflow is blocked by the shielding cover 144, at the moment, a second fan operates in a low gear to perform dust collection treatment by utilizing the dust collection air duct 141, leakage of coal dust is further reduced, in the actual use process, the blowing air quantity of the second fan is used for determining the maximum air quantity on the premise of avoiding impact on crushed coal in the bin, and when the coal blocks are required to be supplemented, the shielding cover 144 moves to the upper part of the bin, the air outlet of the dust collection air duct 141 is in high-efficient manner, and at the same time, the second fan is in high-efficiency air flow communication with the vent pipe 142 is further influenced by the vent hole, and the dust collection pipe is further blown out in order to the high-efficient air duct 142.
Furthermore, in order to rapidly cool the processed and formed activated carbon output from the microwave heating tunnel 31, the continuous production line for the microwave carbonized coal activated carbon further comprises a cooling component 5, wherein the cooling component 5 is positioned at the discharge port of the microwave heating tunnel 31, the cooling component 5 comprises an outer sleeve 51, an inner sleeve 52 and a packing auger 53, the inner sleeve 52 is arranged in the outer sleeve 51, the inner sleeve 52 is arranged between the outer sleeves 51 to form a cooling water cavity 50, the outer sleeve 51 is further provided with a water inlet 521 and a water outlet 522 which are communicated with the cooling water cavity 50, the packing auger 53 is rotatably arranged in the inner sleeve 52, the conveying belt 32 is further used for conveying the processed and formed activated carbon output from the microwave heating tunnel 31 into the inner sleeve 52, specifically, after the coal briquettes are subjected to microwave heating in the microwave heating tunnel 31, the activated carbon is higher in temperature and conveyed into the inner sleeve 52 through the packing auger 53, and the high-temperature activated carbon is conveyed into the inner sleeve 52 and conveyed through the packing auger 53, and cooled by the cooling water cavity 53 in the cooling process.
The invention also provides a control method of the continuous production line of the activated carbon made of the microwave carbonized coal, which adopts the continuous production line of the activated carbon made of the microwave carbonized coal;
under the briquetting process, the coal briquette is put into a smashing mechanism for smashing treatment, and the smashed coal is conveyed to an extrusion forming mechanism for extrusion forming to form the coal briquette. The briquetting process comprises the steps that coal briquettes are put into a smashing mechanism to be smashed, a shielding cover is moved to the upper side of a toothed roller type crusher to be shielded, meanwhile, a spraying pipe sprays a storage bin, the shielding cover is moved to the upper side of the storage bin to be shielded in the process that the smashing machine adds the coal briquettes, a vent of the shielding cover is communicated with an air outlet of a dust collection air duct, a second fan is started to conduct dust collection, coal dust sucked into the dust collection air duct is conveyed into the storage bin, and at the moment, the spraying pipe continuously sprays the storage bin.
Under the microwave heating procedure, the coal briquettes are conveyed into a microwave heating tunnel to be subjected to microwave heating, and carbonization and activation treatment are carried out on the coal briquettes to form activated carbon;
and (3) a tar recovery procedure, namely enabling tar smoke generated by heating the coal briquette in the microwave heating tunnel to enter an air treatment assembly, condensing tar in the tar smoke by utilizing a condenser, and treating the condensed smoke by an electric tar precipitator.
Furthermore, the method can also comprise a humidifying and preheating process, wherein in the humidifying and preheating process, the coal briquettes are conveyed into a steam box body for humidifying treatment, and meanwhile, hot steam preheats the coal briquettes.
According to the microwave carbonized coal-made activated carbon continuous production line and the control method thereof, provided by the invention, the air treatment component is added, so that tar smoke generated in the microwave heating process of the coal briquettes can be sucked and subjected to tar condensation treatment, and the smoke is further subjected to tar capturing through the electric tar precipitator, so that the tar content of the smoke discharged to the atmosphere is extremely low and even reaches the tar-free content, the pollution to the environment is effectively reduced, and the green and environment-friendly processing purpose is achieved. Meanwhile, the coal briquette is crushed and molded on line through the extrusion coal molding assembly, and the extrusion coal molding assembly is matched with the steam generation assembly to perform humidification preheating, so that carbonization and activation efficiency of the coal briquette are improved, and the machining efficiency is improved as a whole.