CN110084594A - A kind of block chain method of commerce and device by lightning network - Google Patents
A kind of block chain method of commerce and device by lightning network Download PDFInfo
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- CN110084594A CN110084594A CN201910257369.3A CN201910257369A CN110084594A CN 110084594 A CN110084594 A CN 110084594A CN 201910257369 A CN201910257369 A CN 201910257369A CN 110084594 A CN110084594 A CN 110084594A
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
- G06Q20/3829—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction involving key management
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of block chain method of commerce by lightning network, comprising: S1, constructs lightning network based on stateless contract；S2, both parties are judged whether on same chain, if it is step S3 is executed, otherwise carry out intersecting chain atom exchange transaction using other chains of the identical encryption of support；S3, it is traded using lightning network.Implement block chain method of commerce, device and the computer readable storage medium of the invention by lightning network, can realize the block chain transaction of high capacity and high speed while safeguarding transaction security.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to block chain technologies, more specifically to a kind of block chain method of commerce by lightning network
And device.
Background technique
Block chain technology is that algorithm of knowing together with storing data, using distributed node is verified using block linked data structure
Guarantee the safety of data transmission and access with more new data, in the way of cryptography, using by automatized script generation to generate
The intelligent contract of code composition programs the completely new distributed basis framework and calculation of one kind with operation data.
However, existing block chain method of commerce is generally too complicated, and degraded performance, enterprise at high cost, it is therefore desirable to a kind of
While capable of safeguarding transaction security, and it can be realized the block chain method of commerce of high capacity and high speed.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that in view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, providing a kind of by lightning net
The block chain method of commerce and device of network can realize the block of high capacity and high speed while safeguarding transaction security
Chain transaction.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: constructing a kind of block chain friendship by lightning network
Easy method, comprising:
S1, lightning network is constructed based on stateless contract；
S2, both parties are judged whether on same chain, if it is step S3 is executed, otherwise using the identical encryption of support
Other chains carry out intersect chain atom exchange transaction；
S3, it is traded using lightning network.
In the block chain method of commerce of the present invention by lightning network, the step S3 further comprises:
S31, both parties create a taxon item on block chain, wherein prestoring the setting amount of money to the lightning net
In micropayments channel in network and export both parties' signature；
S32, both parties create multiple transaction output inputs in the taxon item to update the taxon
Item simultaneously exports both parties' signature；
The taxon item of latest edition is written in block chain the side for needing to withdraw deposit in S33, both parties, and according to
Allocation plan in the taxon item of the latest edition is allocated.
In the block chain method of commerce of the present invention by lightning network, the step S33 further comprises:
The side for needing to withdraw deposit in S331, both parties writes the taxon item for the latest edition that both parties sign
Enter in block chain；
S332, determine in certain time, if having another party to propose that the taxon item is not is latest edition, if it is
Step S333 is executed, the allocation plan in the taxon item for the latest edition that the side otherwise to withdraw deposit as required provides carries out
Distribution；
The total assets in allocation plan in the taxon item for the latest edition that the side that S333, needs are withdrawn deposit provides
The described another party to query is given in fine and confiscation.
In the block chain method of commerce of the present invention by lightning network, the side that needs to withdraw deposit in both parties
Distribution assets are obtained afterwards, and another party first obtains distribution assets.
In the block chain method of commerce of the present invention by lightning network, the step S1 further comprises:
S11, the self-built mode of Token is mortgaged by side chain by side chain access lightning network, and using the side of bidirectionally anchoring
Formula enters registration；
S12, the side chain carry out transaction asset management using trustship mode or alliance's mode.
In the block chain method of commerce of the present invention by lightning network, the side chain is carried out using trustship mode
Trade asset management include the trusteeship party for sending the assets of the side chain to main chain, trusteeship party receive the assets it
Afterwards, corresponding digital asset is activated in side chain.
In the block chain method of commerce of the present invention by lightning network, the side chain is carried out using alliance's mode
Transaction asset management includes using bidirectionally anchoring technology by the assets transfer of the main chain to the side chain, and the side chain is using support
The common recognition algorithm of Guan Fang alliance confirms the assets, wherein the common recognition algorithm of the trustship alliance include PBFT, PoS,
One of PoA.
In the block chain method of commerce of the present invention by lightning network, the side chain is carried out using alliance's mode
Transaction asset management further comprises in the corresponding locking guarantee fund of main chain to ensure the side in the collapse of the alliance of the side chain
The assets of chain.
Another technical solution that the present invention solves the use of its technical problem is to construct a kind of block chain by lightning network
The transaction device, described device include: memory；Processor makes described when executed for storing instruction
Processor executes the block chain method of commerce by lightning network.
Another technical solution that the present invention solves the use of its technical problem is to construct a kind of computer readable storage medium,
The storage medium includes instruction, and described instruction is performed, so that passing through sudden strain of a muscle described in the processor execution of the computer
The block chain method of commerce of electric network.
Implement block chain method of commerce, device and the computer readable storage medium of the invention by lightning network,
The block chain transaction of high capacity and high speed can be realized while safeguarding transaction security.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the first embodiment of the block chain method of commerce of the invention by lightning network；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the second embodiment of the block chain method of commerce of the invention by lightning network；
Fig. 3 is the side chain and main chain anchoring schematic diagram of the lightning network of the preferred embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is being illustrated using what lightning network was traded for the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The present invention relates to a kind of block chain method of commerce by lightning network, comprising: S1, is constructed based on stateless contract
Lightning network；S2, both parties are judged whether on same chain, if it is step S3 is executed, otherwise add using support is identical
Other close chains carry out intersecting chain atom exchange transaction；S3, it is traded using lightning network.Implement of the invention to pass through lightning
Block chain method of commerce, device and the computer readable storage medium of network can be realized while safeguarding transaction security
High capacity and the transaction of the block chain of high speed.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the first embodiment of the block chain method of commerce of the invention by lightning network.Such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, in step sl, lightning network is constructed based on stateless contract.Lightning network is a disperse system network, can be in area
Stateless treaty function is used in block chain, and then realizes the pay down of both parties.In step s 2, judge that both parties are
It is no on same chain.If it does, step S3 is executed, it is no to then follow the steps S4.In step s3, for being in same
The both parties of chain are traded using lightning network.Using lightning network may be implemented height handle up, low latency transaction.It is dodging
In electric network, only routing node is participated in business, and complete parallel executes in a network for transaction, therefore as node increases, theoretical
Upper handling capacity does not have the upper limit.Lightning network trading guarantees safety by payment channel, and present deal may be implemented without waiting
Block confirmation.In step s 4, it for the both parties in different chains, is handed over using other chains of the identical encryption of support
The exchange transaction of fork chain atom.In the present invention, intersecting chain atom exchange can be by isomery block chain consensus rules immediately in chain
Outer generation.As long as chain can support identical keyed Hash function, so that it may which transregional piece of chain is traded, without trusting third
Square custodian.
Therefore, implement the block chain method of commerce of the invention by lightning network, it can be in maintenance transaction security
Meanwhile realizing the block chain transaction of high capacity and high speed.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the second embodiment of the block chain method of commerce of the invention by lightning network.In Fig. 2 institute
In the preferred embodiment shown, in step sl, the self-built mode of Token is mortgaged by side chain, side chain is accessed into lightning network, and
Enter registration by the way of bidirectionally anchoring.Fig. 3 is side chain and the main chain anchoring of the lightning network of the preferred embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.In the present embodiment, side chain is propped up using the mechanism of the mortgage self-built side chain of Token by the design of bidirectionally anchoring immediately
It pays and higher scalability, using the design scheme of mixed type: " drive chain+notary/side chain " mode is realized and bit
Coin bidirectionally anchoring.
In step s 2, the side chain carries out transaction asset management using trustship mode or alliance's mode.It is preferred at this
In embodiment, by Wasm intelligence contract, Token application scenarios is extended, promote the ecology and value of Token, and can pass through
Showing each side chain mortgage token quantity and management address and mechanism, open and clear management side chain runs DAPP compared to main chain,
The advantages of side chain, is that each independent DAPP resource isolation will not occur on ether mill, since single DAPP flow is hot,
Network is occupied, causes to rise using the Gas expense of other DAPP, from a safety viewpoint, main chain disposes DAPP, may be due to single
There are security breaches in DAPP, such as The DAO, leads to entire ether mill network rollback.
In the present invention, it includes sending out the assets of the side chain that the side chain, which carries out transaction asset management using trustship mode,
It is sent to the trusteeship party of main chain, after trusteeship party receives the assets, activates corresponding digital asset in side chain.In the present invention
Preferred embodiment in, send assets to the trusteeship party of main chain, trusteeship party receives after underlying assets information side chain activation phase again
The digital asset answered, entrusted management model are partial to centralization, and trusteeship party is needed to provide credit endorsement.
In the present invention, it includes using bidirectionally anchoring technology will that the side chain, which carries out transaction asset management using alliance's mode,
To the side chain, the side chain carries out the assets using the common recognition algorithm of alliance, trusteeship party true for the assets transfer of the main chain
Recognize, wherein the common recognition algorithm of the trustship alliance includes one of PBFT, PoS, PoA.Further, of the present invention
By the way that in the block chain method of commerce of lightning network, the side chain carries out transaction asset management using alliance's mode and further comprises
The assets of the side chain are ensured in the collapse of the alliance of the side chain in the corresponding locking guarantee fund of main chain.Of the invention preferred
In embodiment, single trusteeship party's credit is replaced to endorse using alliance, trusteeship party, is turned main chain assets using bidirectionally anchoring technology
Side chain is moved on to, side chain confirms digital asset using the common recognition algorithm of alliance, trusteeship party, and the common recognition algorithm of trusteeship party is
PBFT, POS, POA are one such, although the safety of side chain has relied on the credit of alliance it is worth noting that, side chain since side chain
The endorsement of the credit of trustship or alliance, but corresponding locking guarantee fund's mechanism is had in main chain, so that if side chain credit unions collapse
When bursting, user's assets of side chain still can be made to be protected, it is of the invention that this is different from traditional side chain mode
The place of side chain innovation.It in a preferred embodiment of the invention, can be to show the mortgage NBT number of each side chain in side chain browser
Amount, all users can refer at any time.
In step s3, judge both parties whether on same chain.If it does, executing step S5, otherwise hold
Row step S4.In step s 4, it for the both parties in different chains, is handed over using other chains of the identical encryption of support
The exchange transaction of fork chain atom.In the present invention, intersecting chain atom exchange can be by isomery block chain consensus rules immediately in chain
Outer generation.As long as chain can support identical keyed Hash function, so that it may which transregional piece of chain is traded, without trusting third
Square custodian.
In step s 5, both parties create a taxon item on block chain, wherein prestoring the setting amount of money to institute
It states in the micropayments channel in lightning network and exports both parties' signature.In the present embodiment, it is created on both parties' block chain
Build a ledger entry, it is desirable that two participants sign any fund expenditure.Ledger entry is moved back in the transaction of both sides' creation
Respective distribution is returned, but not is broadcasted block chain.
In step s 6, both parties create multiple transaction output inputs in the taxon item to update described point
Class account item simultaneously exports both parties' signature.When generating transaction, both parties can create more from current class account item
A transaction output inputs to update the distribution of each counterparty oneself in the taxon item.
In the step s 7, block chain is written in the taxon item of latest edition by the side for needing to withdraw deposit in both parties
In, and be allocated according to the allocation plan in the taxon item of the latest edition.In order to guarantee the quick of transaction and peace
Entirely, in the present invention, the taxon item of only latest edition is only effectively, this is by the analysable intelligent contract of block chain
What script was enforced.Either party can close at any time and broadcasting latest edition to block chain without any trust or supervision
Close this entry.Due to using lightning network creation taxon item, it can find and be similar on internet on network
Route the path of data packet.Node on path is not trusted, pays the bill because being enforced using script, and the script is by successively decreasing
Time locks to enforce atomicity (entire successful payment or failure).And block chain is as arbitrator.It therefore, can be without limitation
Ground carries out non-block chain transaction.It can be traded by the confidence to block chain enforceability to transaction.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure transaction security, the side for needing to withdraw deposit in both parties will most
In the taxon item write-in block chain of new version, and carried out according to the allocation plan in the taxon item of the latest edition
The step of distribution, further comprises the steps.The latest edition that the side for needing to withdraw deposit in both parties signs both parties
In this taxon item write-in block chain.Determine in certain time, if there is another party to propose that the taxon item is not
Latest edition, if having another party to propose that the taxon item is not really is latest edition, the side for needing to withdraw deposit is mentioned
The described another party to query is given in the total assets fine and confiscation in allocation plan in the taxon item of the latest edition of confession.Such as
It's not true for fruit, and the allocation plan in the taxon item for the latest edition that the side to withdraw deposit as required provides is allocated.
Distribution assets are obtained in order to ensure transaction security, after the side for needing to withdraw deposit in both parties, another party first obtains distribution assets.
Below in step S5-S7, for being in the both parties of same chain, the original traded using lightning network
Reason is described as follows.It is inner to " micropayments channel " that both parties first prestore a part of fund, the allocation plan of both sides under initial situation
Equal to the amount of money prestored.Trade every time, need to after transaction generate fund allocation result confirm jointly, sign simultaneously
The allocation plan of legacy version is destroyed.It, can be by both sides signed in his hand transaction results when either party needs to withdraw deposit
It writes in block chain network, to be identified.It can be seen that, only just need to pass through block when withdrawing deposit during from this
Chain.The scheme of any one version requires just legal by the signature authentication of both sides.Either party is ok at any time
It is proposed is withdrawn deposit, and needs to provide the fund distribution schemes that a both sides signed (mean it is after certain is traded certainly when withdrawing deposit
As a result, acknowledged by both sides, but be not necessarily newest result).Within a certain period of time, if an other side takes out proof and shows
This scheme has been cancelled (non-current transaction results) before in fact, then query side is given in fund fine and confiscation；Otherwise according to moving party
Result be allocated.Fine and confiscation mechanism ensures that no one can deliberately withdraw deposit by the transaction results in a Geju City.In addition, even if
Both sides confirmed that certain is withdrawn deposit, as soon as the fund for the side that withdraws deposit first will be later than other side to the account time, this has been encouraged outside chain
Realize transaction.
Fig. 4 is being illustrated using what lightning network was traded for the preferred embodiment of the present invention.As shown in figure 4,
In step 1, Alice and Bob both sides respectively take out 0.5BTC, construct Funding Tx, export more than 2/2 for Alice and Bao Bai
It signs again.At this point, Funding Tx unsigns, less broadcast.2, Alice constructs Commitment Tx:C1a and RD1a, and
Give Bao uncle's signature.First of C1a output is multi-signature address, and Alice's is another private key Alice 2 and Bao Bai
2/2 multi-signature, second output are the primary 0.5BTC of Bao.3, RD1a is the cost transaction of C1a first output, and output is beautiful to liking
Silk 0.5BTC, but this type transaction has sequence, and effect is to prevent currently to trade into block, only preceding to have to transaction
It could be into block when sequence confirmation.4, Bao uncle construction Commitment Tx:C1b and RD1b, and give Alice's signature.
Structure and C1a, RD1a are symmetric relations.5, Bao uncle signs to C1a and RD1a, and will sign to Alice；Similarly, like beautiful
Silk signs to C1b and RD1b, gives Bao primary after the completion.At this point, due to not signing to Funding Tx, either party equal nothing
Method is done evil, either party there will not be any loss.6, both sides complete to after the signature of commitment Tx and exchange, respectively
From signing again to Funding Tx, and exchange.At this point, Funding Tx is completely to trade, it is broadcasted.
Due to C1a, two transaction of C1b spend be the same output, therefore they two trade only one can be into block.If
Alice broadcasts C1a, then Bao uncle takes 0.5BTC (second output of C1a) immediately, and Alice needs that C1a is waited to obtain 1000
A confirmation could take 0.5BTC by the output of RD1a.Another party, Ruo Baobai broadcast C1b, then Alice takes immediately
0.5BTC, Bao uncle wait C1b to obtain 1000 confirmations, could take 0.5BTC by RD1b.That is, folk prescription broadcast transaction
That side of termination of contract can postpone to take coin, and another put then takes coin immediately.
Implement the block chain method of commerce of the invention by lightning network, very quick quick block chain branch may be implemented
It pays, without having to worry about prevention acknowledging time.This is because block chain statelessness contract enforces safety, without paying the bill for individual
Create the transaction of block chain.Payment speed is measured as unit of millisecond.And have very high expansible row, it is per second can be on network
Carry out millions to billions of issued transaction.Conventional payment track has been blown away many orders of magnitude by capacity.Can not have now
Each operation/click payment is added in the case where having mandator.And it can be extremely low by trading and solving the realization of block exterior chain
Expense, so as to realize the emerging use-case such as instant small amount payment.
Therefore, the present invention can be by hardware, software or soft and hardware in conjunction with realizing.The present invention can be at least one
It is realized in a centralised manner in a computer system, or the different piece in the computer system by being distributed in several interconnection is to divide
Scattered mode is realized.Any computer system that the method for the present invention may be implemented or other equipment are all applicatory.It commonly uses soft or hard
The combination of part can be the general-purpose computing system for being equipped with computer program, by installing and executing program-con-trolled computer system
System, runs it by the method for the present invention.
The present invention can also be implemented by computer program product, and program includes that can be realized the complete of the method for the present invention
Method of the invention may be implemented when it is installed in computer system in portion's feature.Computer program in this document is signified
: system can be made using any expression formula for one group of instruction that any program language, code or symbol are write, the instruction group
With information processing capability, to be directly realized by specific function, or after carrying out one or two following step specific function is realized
Can: a) it is converted into other Languages, coding or symbol；B) it reproduces in a different format.
Therefore, the invention further relates to a kind of block chain the transaction device by lightning network, described device includes: storage
Device；Processor makes the processor execute any of the above-described embodiment institute when executed for storing instruction
The block chain method of commerce by lightning network stated.
The invention further relates to a kind of computer readable storage medium, the storage medium includes instruction, and described instruction is held
When row, so that the processor of the computer executes the block chain counterparty described in any of the above-described embodiment by lightning network
Method.
Implement block chain method of commerce, device and the computer readable storage medium of the invention by lightning network,
The block chain transaction of high capacity and high speed can be realized while safeguarding transaction security.
Although the present invention be illustrated by specific embodiment, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, do not departing from
In the case where the scope of the invention, various transformation and equivalent substitute can also be carried out to the present invention.In addition, being directed to particular condition or material
Material, can do various modifications to the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to disclosed tool
Body embodiment, and should include the whole embodiments fallen within the scope of the appended claims.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of block chain method of commerce by lightning network, which is characterized in that including
S1, lightning network is constructed based on stateless contract；
S2, judge that both parties whether on same chain, if it is step S3 is executed, otherwise use its for supporting identical encryption
His chain carries out intersecting chain atom exchange transaction；
S3, it is traded using lightning network.
2. the block chain method of commerce according to claim 1 by lightning network, which is characterized in that the step S3 into
One step includes:
S31, both parties create a taxon item on block chain, wherein prestoring the setting amount of money into the lightning network
Micropayments channel in and export both parties signature；
S32, both parties create multiple transaction output inputs in the taxon item to update the taxon item simultaneously
Export both parties' signature；
The taxon item of latest edition is written in block chain the side for needing to withdraw deposit in S33, both parties, and according to described
Allocation plan in the taxon item of latest edition is allocated.
3. the block chain method of commerce according to claim 2 by lightning network, which is characterized in that the step S33
Further comprise:
The taxon write area for the latest edition that the side for needing to withdraw deposit in S331, both parties signs both parties
In block chain；
S332, determine in certain time, if having another party to propose that the taxon item is not is latest edition, if it is execution
Step S333, the allocation plan in the taxon item for the latest edition that the side that otherwise withdraws deposit as required provides are divided
Match；
The total assets fine and confiscation in allocation plan in the taxon item for the latest edition that the side that S333, needs are withdrawn deposit provides
To the described another party to query.
4. the block chain method of commerce according to claim 3 by lightning network, which is characterized in that in the step
Distribution assets are obtained in S332, after the side for needing to withdraw deposit in both parties, another party first obtains distribution assets.
5. the block chain method of commerce according to claim 3 by lightning network, which is characterized in that the step S1 into
One step includes:
S11, the self-built mode of Token is mortgaged by side chain side chain is accessed into lightning network, and by the way of bidirectionally anchoring into
Enter registration；
S12, the side chain carry out transaction asset management using trustship mode or alliance's mode.
6. the block chain method of commerce according to claim 5 by lightning network, which is characterized in that the side chain uses
It includes the trusteeship party for sending the assets of the side chain to main chain that trustship mode, which carries out transaction asset management, is received in trusteeship party
After the assets, corresponding digital asset is activated in side chain.
7. the block chain method of commerce according to claim 5 by lightning network, which is characterized in that the side chain uses
It includes using bidirectionally anchoring technology by the assets transfer of the main chain to the side chain, institute that alliance's mode, which carries out transaction asset management,
It states side chain to confirm the assets using the common recognition algorithm of alliance, trusteeship party, wherein the common recognition algorithm packet of the trustship alliance
Include one of PBFT, PoS, PoA.
8. the block chain method of commerce according to claim 7 by lightning network, which is characterized in that the side chain uses
It further comprises in the corresponding locking guarantee fund of main chain to collapse in the alliance of the side chain that alliance's mode, which carries out transaction asset management,
When ensure the assets of the side chain.
9. a kind of device of the block chain method of commerce by lightning network, described device include:
Memory；
Processor makes the processor perform claim require to appoint in 1-8 when executed for storing instruction
Pass through the block chain method of commerce of lightning network described in one.
10. a kind of computer readable storage medium, the storage medium includes instruction, and described instruction is performed, so that described
The processor perform claim of computer requires the block chain method of commerce by lightning network described in any one of 1-8.
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| CN201910257369.3A CN110084594A (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2019-04-01 | A kind of block chain method of commerce and device by lightning network |
| PCT/CN2020/070525 WO2020199703A1 (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2020-01-06 | Method, device and system for blockchain transaction |
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| CN201910257369.3A CN110084594A (en) | 2019-04-01 | 2019-04-01 | A kind of block chain method of commerce and device by lightning network |
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| CN111292191A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-16 | 杭州复杂美科技有限公司 | Acceptance service alliance method, apparatus and storage medium |
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| CN111523880A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-08-11 | 杜晓楠 | Digital asset remote branch management system and method |
| WO2020199703A1 (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2020-10-08 | 杜晓楠 | Method, device and system for blockchain transaction |
| WO2021139542A1 (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2021-07-15 | Alipay Labs (singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Methods and devices for providing atomic transaction on blockchain |
| WO2022000355A1 (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-06 | Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited | Apparatus and method for providing protocol for digital asset trading |
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