CN110080027B - 一种玉米秸秆全秆化学机械法制浆工艺 - Google Patents
一种玉米秸秆全秆化学机械法制浆工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110080027B CN110080027B CN201811414874.6A CN201811414874A CN110080027B CN 110080027 B CN110080027 B CN 110080027B CN 201811414874 A CN201811414874 A CN 201811414874A CN 110080027 B CN110080027 B CN 110080027B
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- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title description 78
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- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulfite Chemical compound 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- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 2
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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21D—TREATMENT OF THE MATERIALS BEFORE PASSING TO THE PAPER-MAKING MACHINE
- D21D1/00—Methods of beating or refining; Beaters of the Hollander type
- D21D1/02—Methods of beating; Beaters of the Hollander type
Abstract
本发明涉及一种以玉米秸秆全秆为原料的化学机械法清洁制浆工艺，首先将切断后的玉米秸秆进行预处理，对预处理后的玉米秸秆进行挤碾并洗涤，洗后玉米秸秆经预浸渍后再进行三段磨浆即可得到高得率、高强度的化学机械浆；所述玉米秸秆的切断在切草机中进行；所述预处理采用热水常压抽提；所述挤碾过程在双螺杆挤碾机中进行；所述预浸渍采用氢氧化钠常压浸渍；所述三段磨浆在高浓常压磨浆机中进行。本发明相比传统玉米秸秆制浆工艺无需对玉米秸秆进行皮穰叶的物理分离，适用于玉米秸秆全秆制浆，制浆过程化学品消耗少，全程无高压环境，所得浆料的裂断长≥4.7km、环压指数≥11.45N·m/g。所产生的废液可直接作为其他工序的原料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学机械法制浆技术领域，特别涉及一种玉米秸秆全秆化学机械法制浆工艺。
背景技术
我国纤维资源紧缺，废纸进口受限。如何利用现有资源，缓解原料短缺的巨大压力已迫在眉睫。发展非木材制浆能够有效解决当前困境。而我国农作物秸秆年产量巨大，玉米秸秆占据了超三分之一的比重，但其中的绝大部分都被直接焚烧，造成了严重污染及浪费。利用玉米秸秆制浆已有一些研究。
中国专利200310124000.4公开了一种除髓玉米杆为原料无氯漂白制纸浆工艺，其利用除髓、除叶后的玉米秸秆皮为原料，通过蒸煮，漂白得到浆料。该工艺需进行复杂且低效的皮穰叶分离工序，且化学蒸煮得率较低。
中国专利201510739676.7公开了一种玉米秸秆生物制浆的方法，其利用发酵液对玉米杆进行发酵处理，而后高温蒸煮，离心分离再磨浆后得到浆料。该工艺繁杂，添加助剂较多，成本偏高。
中国专利200810236544.2公开了一种玉米杆机械法分丝纤维化的方法，其以切碎后的玉米杆为原料，加入渗透剂浸渍后磨浆得到浆料。渗透剂为有机化合物复合物，后续废液处理困难，且成本偏高。
综上，由于玉米秸秆原料杂细胞较多，要进行复杂的皮穰叶分离工序，且成浆得率低，物理强度差，药液消耗大，废液难处理。因此，玉米秸秆在制浆造纸领域一直没有得到实际应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种玉米秸秆全秆化学机械法清洁制浆工艺，避免了低效的皮穰叶的物理分离，保留了原料中绝大部分纤维组分，解决了玉米秸秆全秆制浆得率低，药液消耗大，成浆物理性能差的问题，同时热水预抽提废液和预浸渍废液还能作为其他工序的生产原料，有利于实现全组分高值利用。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
对切断后的玉米秸秆预处理，然后将玉米秸秆与热水抽提液进行分离，分离得到的玉米秸秆进行挤碾处理并加水洗浆，洗后的玉米秸秆用氢氧化钠预浸渍，然后将玉米秸秆进行三段高浓常压磨浆，经筛分处理后，所得渣浆再经一段常压磨浆后与良浆混合，最后进行消潜、洗涤和浓缩后得到最终浆料。
以上技术方案不涉及具体的工艺参数，但是根据非木材纤维特征，特别针对玉米秸秆全秆制浆，采用热水预抽提处理，并结合挤碾、碱液浸渍和多段高浓磨浆技术，可以得到高得率、高强度的玉米秸秆化学机械浆。
进一步，玉米秸秆的切断在传统切草机中进行，所得玉米秸秆尺寸为3-10cm。
进一步，预处理是指热水抽提，是使用自来水在常压环境下进行的，加入自来水量为绝干原料质量的10-20倍，抽提温度为80-99℃，保温时间为40-60分钟，分离得到的热水抽提液可循环使用，循环5-10次后送至制糠醛工序或发酵制糖工序或制沼气工序。
优选的，所述的热水抽提的自来水加入量为绝干原料质量的10倍，抽提温度为98℃，保温时间为60分钟。热水抽提液循环次数为8次。
本发明采用热水抽提对玉米秸秆进行预处理的原因是：
(1)玉米秸秆由秸秆皮、穰和叶构成。玉米秸秆皮的纤维长，长径比大，细小纤维含量少，是制浆造纸的较好原料。而穰与叶的纤维较短，非纤维组分含量较大，若完全保留将导致成浆质量差。此外，穰与叶的结构较疏松，易吸收并消耗大量化学品。
(2)当前玉米秸秆皮穰叶分离设备主要是依据机械剥离或各部位密度差的原理来工作的。但由于玉米秸秆皮与穰中纤维丝的牵带作用及玉米秸秆生理结构上的差异，导致穰叶的分离效果差，分离效率低，分离过程能耗大。
(3)热水抽提过程是原料中水可溶物降解溶出的过程。分子量较小的组分直接溶解，而分子量较大的组分在水合氢离子的作用下实现降解溶出，属物理化学变化。热水抽提能够使原料中纤维组分几乎得以完全保留，而分离出穰和叶中大部分的水溶性非纤维组分，减少了后续预浸渍段化学药品的消耗，且这些溶出物在制糖或制沼气工序中能够被直接利用。
(4)热水抽提过程不需添加任何化学品，对设备的腐蚀小，投资和运行成本低，可控性强。所以，该工艺选择使用热水抽提对玉米秸秆原料进行预处理。
进一步，挤碾处理是在双螺杆挤碾机中进行的，并在双螺杆挤碾机后段加自来水对秸秆进行洗涤。所加入的自来水量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的3-8倍。洗后水可作为下一循环的热水抽提补加水循环使用。所述的挤碾处理也可在捏合机中进行。
优选的，所述的挤碾处理自来水的加入量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的5倍。
进一步，预浸渍是使用氢氧化钠溶液在常压环境下进行的，加入氢氧化钠的量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的5.5％-8％，所加入的自来水量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的10-20倍，浸渍温度为80-99℃，保温时间为30-60分钟，分离得到的预浸渍液可循环使用，循环5-10次后送至制木素工序或制沼气工序。
优选的，所述的预浸渍段氢氧化钠的加入量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的6％，所加入的自来水量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的10倍，浸渍温度为98℃，保温时间为40分钟。浸渍液循环次数为6次。
预浸渍段的目的是促进纤维素的润胀，实现纤维的软化，有利于磨浆的纤维分离和细纤维化，并降低磨浆能耗。本发明使用的浸渍药品为氢氧化钠，也可使用其它碱性化学药品，如氢氧化钾、碱性亚硫酸盐、碱性过氧化氢等。但在使用碱性亚硫酸盐作为浸渍药品时，会为系统引入含硫化合物，增加了废液污染负荷。
进一步，三段高浓常压磨浆是在高浓常压盘磨机中进行的，第一段磨浆的浆浓为25％-35％，第二段、第三段磨浆的浆浓为10％-20％。盘磨间隙分别为0.05-0.5mm不等。
优选的，所述的三段高浓常压磨浆中，第一段磨浆的浆浓为30％，第二段、第三段磨浆的浆浓为15％。磨浆间隙分别为0.5mm，0.2mm和0.08mm。
所述的高浓常压磨浆也可采用高浓高压磨浆或高浓高压与高浓常压相结合的磨浆方式。
所述的高浓磨浆的段数可根据成浆的质量要求来选择。适当增加磨浆段数可提高成浆质量，但会增加磨浆能耗。
进一步，经三段高浓常压磨浆后得到的浆料稀释至1％-1.5％浓度，泵送至振动筛筛分，纤维束筛渣由排渣口排出后，运送至磨浆机中进行二次处理，所得浆料再与上一段良浆混合。
进一步，所得浆料进行消潜、洗涤和浓缩后得到高得率、高强度的化学机械浆。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)相比传统化学机械法制浆工艺，该工艺适用于玉米秸秆全秆制浆，制浆过程化学品消耗少，污染小，所得浆料得率高、强度好。
(2)采用热水抽提对玉米秸秆进行预处理，避免了低效的皮穰叶的物理分离，保留了大部分穰和叶中可用的纤维素组分，同时热水抽提也大幅降低了后续预浸渍段药品的消耗。此外，热水抽提液循环使用，经多次循环后的废液可直接作为制糠醛或制糖或制沼气的原料，避免了非纤维组分的浪费。而在制糠醛或制糖或制沼气工序，浓缩得到的水又可作为热水抽提段的新鲜水使用，不需额外补加清水。
(3)预浸渍液循环使用，经多次循环后的废液可直接作为制糠醛或沼气的原料，避免了非纤维组分的浪费。而在制糠醛或沼气工序，浓缩得到的水又可作为预浸渍段的新鲜水使用，不需额外补加清水。
(4)该工艺全程在常压下进行，无需耐压耐温设备，减少了设备投资。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
(1)采用玉米秸秆全秆作为原料，首先用切草机将玉米秸秆切成尺寸为3-10cm的小段。
(2)将切后的玉米秸秆装入蒸煮锅或抽提罐中，加入自来水，质量为绝干玉米秸秆质量的20倍，抽提温度为98℃，保温时间为60分钟。
(3)将抽提后的玉米秸秆与热水分离后，加入双螺杆挤碾机中挤碾，并在挤碾机后段加自来水对秸秆进行洗涤，加入量为挤碾后的玉米秸秆绝干质量的5倍。
(4)将脱水后的玉米秸秆装入蒸煮锅或预浸渍器中，加入氢氧化钠，质量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的8％，所加入的自来水量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的20倍，浸渍温度为80℃，保温时间为60分钟。
(5)预浸渍后的玉米秸秆进行三段高浓磨浆，磨浆间隙分别为0.5mm，0.2mm和0.1mm。
(6)经三段高浓磨浆后得到的浆料稀释至1％-1.5％浓度，泵送至振动筛筛分，纤维束筛渣由排渣口排出后，运送至磨浆机中进行二次处理，所得浆料再与良浆混合。
(7)所得浆料进行消潜、洗涤和浓缩后得到最终浆料。
(8)经性能检测，上述处理步骤所得的玉米秸秆化机浆的得率为47.4％，物理性能为：手抄片的定量为112±5g/m2，紧度≥0.5g/cm3，裂断长≥4.18km，环压指数≥10.27N·m/g。
实施例2
(1)采用玉米秸秆全秆作为原料，首先用切草机将玉米秸秆切成尺寸为3-10cm的小段。
(2)将切后的玉米秸秆装入蒸煮锅或抽提罐中，加入自来水，质量为绝干玉米秸秆质量的20倍，抽提温度为98℃，保温时间为60分钟。
(3)将抽提后的玉米秸秆与热水分离后，加入双螺杆挤碾机中挤碾，并在挤碾机后段加自来水对秸秆进行洗涤，加入量为挤碾后的玉米秸秆绝干质量的5倍。
(4)将脱水后的玉米秸秆装入蒸煮锅或预浸渍器中，加入氢氧化钠，质量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的5.5％，所加入的自来水量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的10倍，浸渍温度为98℃，保温时间为40分钟。
(5)预浸渍后的玉米秸秆进行三段高浓磨浆，磨浆间隙分别为0.5mm，0.2mm和0.1mm。
(6)经三段高浓磨浆后得到的浆料稀释至1％-1.5％浓度，泵送至振动筛筛分，纤维束筛渣由排渣口排出后，运送至磨浆机中进行二次处理，所得浆料再与良浆混合。
(7)所得浆料进行消潜、洗涤和浓缩后得到最终浆料。
(8)经性能检测，上述处理步骤所得的玉米秸秆化机浆的得率为49.6％，物理性能为：手抄片的定量为112±5g/m2，紧度≥0.5g/cm3，裂断长≥3.65km，环压指数≥10.93N·m/g。
实施例3
(1)采用玉米秸秆全秆作为原料，首先用切草机将玉米秸秆切成尺寸为3-10cm的小段。
(2)将切后的玉米秸秆装入蒸煮锅或抽提罐中，加入上个循环周期分离出的热水抽提液，并补加挤碾洗涤水，循环次数为4次，混合水的质量为绝干玉米秸秆质量的10倍，抽提温度为98℃，保温时间为60分钟。
(3)将抽提后的玉米秸秆与热水分离后，加入双螺杆挤碾机中挤碾，并在挤碾机后段加自来水对秸秆进行洗涤，加入量为挤碾后的玉米秸秆绝干质量的5倍。
(4)将脱水后的玉米秸秆装入蒸煮锅或预浸渍器中，加入氢氧化钠，质量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的6％，所加入的液体为上个循环周期分离出的预浸渍液，加入量为挤碾后玉米秸秆绝干质量的10倍，浸渍温度为98℃，保温时间为40分钟。
(5)预浸渍后的玉米秸秆进行三段高浓磨浆，磨浆间隙分别为0.5mm，0.2mm和0.1mm。
(6)经三段高浓磨浆后得到的浆料稀释至1％-1.5％浓度，泵送至振动筛筛分，纤维束筛渣由排渣口排出后，运送至磨浆机中进行二次处理，所得浆料再与良浆混合。
(7)所得浆料进行消潜、洗涤和浓缩后得到最终浆料。
(8)经性能检测，上述处理步骤所得的玉米秸秆化机浆的得率为50.1％，物理性能为：手抄片的定量为112±5g/m2，紧度≥0.5g/cm3，裂断长≥4.7km，环压指数≥11.45N·m/g。
本发明涉及一种玉米秸秆全秆的清洁制浆生产工艺，生产过程使用热水对玉米秸秆原料进行预处理，原料各组分(主要为半纤维素)上的酸性基团受到水合氢离子攻击，所形成的羧酸又反过来作为催化剂进一步促使更多羧酸基团的脱落，分子量较小的水溶组分可直接溶解，而分子量较大的组分则先降解再溶出。热水抽提改变了玉米秸秆原料的化学组分及结构特性，有利于后续化学机械浆的生产。本工艺成浆得率高、强度好，制浆过程污染小，化学品消耗少，设备投资低，还能实现全组分的高值利用。
以上所述仅是陈述了本发明的较佳实施方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施方式所做的任何简单修改，等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种玉米秸秆全秆化学机械法清洁制浆工艺，其特征在于按照以下步骤进行：
对切断后的玉米秸秆进行热水抽提预处理，然后将玉米秸秆与热水抽提液进行分离，分离得到的玉米秸秆进行挤碾处理并加水洗浆，洗后的玉米秸秆用氢氧化钠预浸渍，然后将玉米秸秆进行三段磨浆，经筛分处理后，所得渣浆再经一段磨浆后与良浆混合，最后进行消潜、洗涤和浓缩后得到高得率、高强度的化学机械浆；
所述的预处理是指热水抽提，是使用自来水在常压环境下进行的，加入自来水量为绝干原料质量的10倍，抽提温度为98℃，保温时间为60分钟；分离得到的热水抽提液可循环使用，循环8次后送往制糠醛工序或发酵制糖工序或制沼气工序；
所述的挤碾处理是在双螺杆挤碾机中进行的，并在双螺杆挤碾机的后段加水对玉米秸秆进行洗涤；洗后水作为下一循环的热水抽提补加水循环使用；
所述的预浸渍是使用氢氧化钠在常压环境下进行的；加入氢氧化钠的量为绝干原料质量的6％，所加入的自来水量为绝干原料质量的10倍，浸渍温度为98℃，保温时间为40分钟；分离得到的预浸渍液可循环使用，循环6次后送往制木素工序或制沼气工序；
所述的三段磨浆是在高浓常压磨浆机中进行的，第一段磨浆的浆浓为25％-35％，第二段、第三段磨浆的浆浓为10％-20％；磨浆间隙分别为0.5mm，0.2mm和0.1mm；
经三段磨浆后得到的浆料稀释至1％-1.5％浓度，泵送至振动筛中筛分，纤维束筛渣由排渣口排出后，运送至磨浆机中进行二次处理，所得浆料再与上段良浆混合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制浆工艺，其特征在于：所述玉米秸秆的切断在切草机中进行，所得玉米秸秆尺寸为3-10cm。
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| CN108179650A (zh) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-06-19 | 白博 | 一种利用制浆黑液生产黄腐酸肥料的非木纤维生物化机浆生产工艺 |
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