CN110079388A - 一种生物柴油的提炼方法 - Google Patents
一种生物柴油的提炼方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110079388A CN110079388A CN201910304646.1A CN201910304646A CN110079388A CN 110079388 A CN110079388 A CN 110079388A CN 201910304646 A CN201910304646 A CN 201910304646A CN 110079388 A CN110079388 A CN 110079388A
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- biodiesel
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- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N al2o3 Chemical compound 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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanamide Chemical class 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CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class 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OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241001048891 Jatropha curcas Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001884 aluminium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims 1
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Classifications
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
本发明公开了一种生物柴油的提炼方法，包括如下步骤：步骤S1、预处理；步骤S2、制取生物柴油半成品；步骤S3、均质；步骤S4、干燥；步骤S5、制取生物柴油；本发明通过动植物油脂提炼生物柴油，在提炼生物柴油过程中先对动植物油脂进行预处理，通过水蒸气先对动植物油脂进行脱胶，脱去磷脂、蛋白质、粘液质和糖基甘油二酯等物质，提高提炼出的生物柴油的稳定性，并且能够防止这些物质影响提炼过程，为提炼过程增加难度，之后加入复合催化剂能够提高催化效果，缩短反应时间，促进提炼完成，步骤方法简单有效，相比传统的提炼方法本方法能够节省时间、成本，且提炼出的生物柴油利用率高，稳定性也有明显提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程与能源领域，具体为一种生物柴油的提炼方法。
背景技术
生物柴油主要是用化学法生产，用动植物油脂和甲醇、乙醇等低碳醇在无机强酸性或强碱性催化剂和高温下进行酯交换反应，生成相应的脂肪酸甲酯或乙酯，再经洗涤干燥即得生物柴油。甲醇或乙醇在生产过程中可循环使用，生产过程中可产生副产品甘油。近来，人们开始研究用生物酶法合成生物柴油，即用动物油脂和低碳醇通过脂肪酶进行酯交换反应，制备相应的脂肪酸甲酯及乙酯。酶法合成生物柴油具有条件温和、醇用量小、无污染排放的优点。但目前主要问题有：对甲醇及乙醇的转化率低，一般仅为40％-60％，由于目前脂肪酶对长链脂肪醇的酯化或转酯化有效，而对短链脂肪醇如甲醇或乙醇等转化率低。而且短链脂肪醇对酶有一定毒性，使酶的使用寿命缩短。副产物甘油和水难于回收，不但对产物形成抑制，而且甘油对固定化酶有毒性，也能使固定化酶使用寿命缩短。
中国发明专利CN104312733A公开了及一种生物柴油及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1：用CO2置换酯化反应釜内的空气，将单体酸投入用导热油加热的酯化反应釜中，同时加入耐高温大孔苯乙烯系强酸性阳离子交换树脂；步骤2：在30分钟内使酯化反应釜内的物料升温至130-160℃，连续加入DMM；步骤3：至所述物料酸值小于1mgKOH/g时，停止加入DMM，将物料降温至80℃以下放料，得生物柴油半成品；步骤4：待所述生物柴油半成品冷却至30℃时，加入复合催化剂充分搅拌后即得成品。但是该方法制成的生物柴油杂质较多，利用率较低，而且工艺复杂浪费成本。
发明内容
为了克服上述的技术问题，本发明提供一种生物柴油的提炼方法。本发明通过动植物油脂提炼生物柴油，在提炼生物柴油过程中先对动植物油脂进行预处理，通过水蒸气先对动植物油脂进行脱胶，脱去磷脂、蛋白质、粘液质和糖基甘油二酯等物质，提高提炼出的生物柴油的稳定性，并且能够防止这些物质影响提炼过程，为提炼过程增加难度，之后加入复合催化剂能够提高催化效果，缩短反应时间，促进提炼完成。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
一种生物柴油的提炼方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、预处理：将过滤后的动植物油脂泵入水化罐内，通入水蒸气并以60r/min的转速搅拌50min，升温至75℃，加入75℃去离子水，以80r/min转速进行搅拌，直至胶粒絮凝且出现分离，停止搅拌静置8h，将上层油脂过滤制得脱胶油脂，控制动植物油脂、去离子水的重量比为1∶8；
步骤S2、将步骤S1制得的脱胶油脂加热至60℃，脱水、脱气后转移至脱酸塔，通过水蒸汽，直至游离酸和水蒸气共同蒸出，冷凝析出，通过转速为10000r/min的离心机离心2min，过滤，向滤液中加入4％甲醇和酸催化剂进行酯化反应，反应2h后蒸出甲醇，过滤、分馏，制得生物柴油半成品，控制脱胶油脂、4％甲醇、酸催化剂的重量比为3∶1∶0.1；
步骤S3、在生物柴油半成品中加入复合催化剂，之后转移至转速为12000r/min的均质机中进行均质，直至将柴油分子剪切成粒径为5-70μm；
步骤S4、将均质后的生物柴油半成品通过输送泵送入预热器中进行薄膜真空干燥处理，使导热油与生物柴油半成品进行间接热交换，控制物柴油半成品的温度为85℃，之后转移至薄膜蒸发器中，将生物柴油半成品以0.1mm的厚度均匀涂抹在薄膜蒸发器中，干燥3h；
步骤S5、通过分离器将干燥后的生物柴油半成品进行分离，制得生物柴油。
进一步地，步骤S2中酸催化剂为氧化铝、分子筛中的一种或两种。
进一步地，步骤S1中动植物油脂为小桐子油、菜籽油、玉米油、大豆油、蓖麻油、椰子油、花生油、猪油以及藻类油脂中任意一种。
进一步地，步骤S3中复合催化剂由如下重量份原料制成：15-30份乙二醇丙烯酸酯，15-20份椰油酸，5-10份丙酰胺，1-3份二聚酸。
进一步地，所述复合催化剂由如下方法制成：将乙二醇丙烯酸酯与椰油酸混合后加入四口烧瓶中，50℃水浴加热，以50r/min的转速搅拌15min，加入二聚酸，超声震荡30min后加入丙酰胺，升温至70℃，以110r/min的转速搅拌30min后转移至85℃干燥箱中干燥5h，制得复合催化剂。
进一步地，步骤S5中分离器的工作过程如下所示：
打开粗分离器顶盖，将待分离液加入粗分离器筒体内，接通电源在电机的作用下待分离液进入第一回流管，第一回流管开始对待分离液待分离液进行第一次分离，之后通过第一进气口和第二进气口通入压缩空气，在压缩空气的作用下使第一回流管中的待分离液流向和速度剧烈变化从而对待分离液进行初步分离，分离出来的物质通过排污口排出，之后通过排液管、连接管和进液管将初步分离后的待分离液加入精分离器箱体内部，之后通过第二回流管进行再次分离，压缩空气从排液管、连接管和进液管进入精分离器箱体内部，连通管通过下方横挡板内部的导管与第二回流管连通，对待分离液进行分离，分离后的液体从回收管排出收集，之后打开第一排气口、第二排气口将压缩空气排出分离器。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)本发明通过动植物油脂提炼生物柴油，在提炼生物柴油过程中先对动植物油脂进行预处理，通过水蒸气先对动植物油脂进行脱胶，脱去磷脂、蛋白质、粘液质和糖基甘油二酯等物质，提高提炼出的生物柴油的稳定性，并且能够防止这些物质影响提炼过程，为提炼过程增加难度，之后加入复合催化剂能够提高催化效果，缩短反应时间，促进提炼完成；
(2)本发明在提炼生物柴油的过程中步骤方法简单有效，相比传统的提炼方法本方法能够节省时间、成本，且提炼出的生物柴油利用率高，稳定性也有明显提升；
(3)本发明中的分离器通过粗分离器机构、精分离器机构分别进行两次分离，通过将压缩空气通入第一回流管，使第一回流管中的待分离液流向和速度剧烈变化，第一回流管开始对待分离液进行第一次分离，之后通过压缩空气、第二回流管和连通管以及惯性的共同作用下对待分离液进行第二次分离，本发明的分离器原理简单易懂，而且分离效果较好，能够对生物提炼过程起到促进作用，能够进一步提高生物柴油的利用率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明分离器结构示意图。
图中：1、粗分离器机构；11、粗分离器筒体；12、粗分离器顶盖；121、第一排气口；13、粗分离器底盖；131、排污口；14、油位开关；15、浮球阀；16、第一回流管；17、第一进气口；18、排液管；19、第二进气口；2、精分离器机构；21、精分离器箱体；22、横挡板；221、第二排气口；23、进液管；24、连通管；25、回收管；26、第二回流管；27、连接管；28、竖支架；281、固定螺杆。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种生物柴油的提炼方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、预处理：将过滤后的玉米油泵入水化罐内，通入水蒸气并以60r/min的转速搅拌50min，升温至75℃，加入75℃去离子水，以80r/min转速进行搅拌，直至胶粒絮凝且出现分离，停止搅拌静置8h，将上层油脂过滤制得脱胶玉米油，控制玉米油、去离子水的重量比为1∶8；
步骤S2、将步骤S1制得的脱胶玉米油加热至60℃，脱水、脱气后转移至脱酸塔，通过水蒸汽，直至游离酸和水蒸气共同蒸出，冷凝析出，通过转速为10000r/min的离心机离心2min，过滤，向滤液中加入4％甲醇和酸催化剂进行酯化反应，反应2h后蒸出甲醇，过滤、分馏，制得生物柴油半成品，控制脱胶玉米油、4％甲醇、酸催化剂的重量比为3∶1∶0.1；
步骤S3、在生物柴油半成品中加入复合催化剂，之后转移至转速为12000r/min的均质机中进行均质，直至将柴油分子剪切成粒径为5-70μm；
步骤S4、将均质后的生物柴油半成品通过输送泵送入预热器中进行薄膜真空干燥处理，使导热油与生物柴油半成品进行间接热交换，控制物柴油半成品的温度为85℃，之后转移至薄膜蒸发器中，将生物柴油半成品以0.1mm的厚度均匀涂抹在薄膜蒸发器中，干燥3h；
步骤S5、通过分离器将干燥后的生物柴油半成品进行分离，制得生物柴油。
实施例2
一种生物柴油的提炼方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、预处理：将过滤后的玉米油泵入水化罐内，通入水蒸气并以60r/min的转速搅拌50min，升温至75℃，加入75℃去离子水，以80r/min转速进行搅拌，直至胶粒絮凝且出现分离，停止搅拌静置8h，将上层油脂过滤制得脱胶玉米油，控制玉米油、去离子水的重量比为1∶8；
步骤S2、将步骤S1制得的脱胶玉米油加热至60℃，脱水、脱气后转移至脱酸塔，通过水蒸汽，直至游离酸和水蒸气共同蒸出，冷凝析出，通过转速为10000r/min的离心机离心2min，过滤，向滤液中加入4％甲醇和酸催化剂进行酯化反应，反应2h后蒸出甲醇，过滤、分馏，制得生物柴油半成品，控制脱胶玉米油、4％甲醇、酸催化剂的重量比为3∶1∶0.2；
步骤S3、在生物柴油半成品中加入复合催化剂，之后转移至转速为12000r/min的均质机中进行均质，直至将柴油分子剪切成粒径为5-70μm；
步骤S4、将均质后的生物柴油半成品通过输送泵送入预热器中进行薄膜真空干燥处理，使导热油与生物柴油半成品进行间接热交换，控制物柴油半成品的温度为85℃，之后转移至薄膜蒸发器中，将生物柴油半成品以0.1mm的厚度均匀涂抹在薄膜蒸发器中，干燥3h；
步骤S5、通过分离器将干燥后的生物柴油半成品进行分离，制得生物柴油。
实施例3
一种生物柴油的提炼方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、预处理：将过滤后的玉米油泵入水化罐内，通入水蒸气并以60r/min的转速搅拌50min，升温至75℃，加入75℃去离子水，以80r/min转速进行搅拌，直至胶粒絮凝且出现分离，停止搅拌静置8h，将上层油脂过滤制得脱胶玉米油，控制玉米油、去离子水的重量比为1∶8；
步骤S2、将步骤S1制得的脱胶玉米油加热至60℃，脱水、脱气后转移至脱酸塔，通过水蒸汽，直至游离酸和水蒸气共同蒸出，冷凝析出，通过转速为10000r/min的离心机离心2min，过滤，向滤液中加入4％甲醇和酸催化剂进行酯化反应，反应2h后蒸出甲醇，过滤、分馏，制得生物柴油半成品，控制脱胶玉米油、4％甲醇、酸催化剂的重量比为5∶1∶0.1；
步骤S3、在生物柴油半成品中加入复合催化剂，之后转移至转速为12000r/min的均质机中进行均质，直至将柴油分子剪切成粒径为5-70μm；
步骤S4、将均质后的生物柴油半成品通过输送泵送入预热器中进行薄膜真空干燥处理，使导热油与生物柴油半成品进行间接热交换，控制物柴油半成品的温度为85℃，之后转移至薄膜蒸发器中，将生物柴油半成品以0.1mm的厚度均匀涂抹在薄膜蒸发器中，干燥3h；
步骤S5、通过分离器将干燥后的生物柴油半成品进行分离，制得生物柴油。
实施例4
一种生物柴油的提炼方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、预处理：将过滤后的玉米油泵入水化罐内，通入水蒸气并以60r/min的转速搅拌50min，升温至75℃，加入75℃去离子水，以80r/min转速进行搅拌，直至胶粒絮凝且出现分离，停止搅拌静置8h，将上层油脂过滤制得脱胶玉米油，控制玉米油、去离子水的重量比为1∶8；
步骤S2、将步骤S1制得的脱胶玉米油加热至60℃，脱水、脱气后转移至脱酸塔，通过水蒸汽，直至游离酸和水蒸气共同蒸出，冷凝析出，通过转速为10000r/min的离心机离心2min，过滤，向滤液中加入4％甲醇和酸催化剂进行酯化反应，反应2h后蒸出甲醇，过滤、分馏，制得生物柴油半成品，控制脱胶玉米油、4％甲醇、酸催化剂的重量比为5∶1∶0.2；
步骤S3、在生物柴油半成品中加入复合催化剂，之后转移至转速为12000r/min的均质机中进行均质，直至将柴油分子剪切成粒径为5-70μm；
步骤S4、将均质后的生物柴油半成品通过输送泵送入预热器中进行薄膜真空干燥处理，使导热油与生物柴油半成品进行间接热交换，控制物柴油半成品的温度为85℃，之后转移至薄膜蒸发器中，将生物柴油半成品以0.1mm的厚度均匀涂抹在薄膜蒸发器中，干燥3h；
步骤S5、通过分离器将干燥后的生物柴油半成品进行分离，制得生物柴油。
对比例1
本对比例为市场中从玉米油中提炼出的生物柴油。
对实施例1-4和对比例1提炼出的生物柴油中的闪点、水份、运动粘度进行检测，检测结果如下表1所示；
表1
如表1可知，实施例1-4制备的生物柴油闪点在131-162℃范围内，对比例1的闪点为125℃；实施例1-4制备的生物柴油水份含量在413-431(mg/kg)范围内，对比例1的水份含量为483mg/kg)；实施例1-4制备的生物柴油运动粘度在3.7-4.1(mm2/s)范围之间，对比例1的运动粘度为4.0(mm2/s)；所以本发明提炼的生物柴油不仅具有良好的性能，提炼方法也是简单高效。
请参阅图1所示，步骤S5中分离器包括粗分离器机构1和精分离器机构2，粗分离器机构1位于精分离器机构2左侧；
如图1所示，粗分离器机构1包括粗分离器筒体11、粗分离器顶盖12、粗分离器底盖13、排污口131、油位开关14、浮球阀15、第一回流管16、第一进气口17、排液管18、第二进气口19，粗分离器顶盖12、第一排气口121、粗分离器底盖13分别安装在粗分离器筒体11上下两端，粗分离器顶盖12、粗分离器底盖13分别与粗分离器筒体11配合，粗分离器顶盖12一侧表面设置第一排气口121，粗分离器底盖13底端中心位置设置有排污口131，粗分离器筒体11上端安装油位开关14，粗分离器筒体11下端安装浮球阀15，浮球阀15安装在油位开关14下方，粗分离器筒体11中心位置安装第一回流管16，粗分离器顶盖12上表面中心位置安装第一进气口17，粗分离器筒体11一侧安装排液管18，排液管18一端伸入粗分离器筒体11内部，粗分离器筒体11一侧表面安装第二进气口19；
如图1所示，精分离器机构2包括精分离器箱体21、横挡板22、第二排气口221、进液管23、连通管24、回收管25、第二回流管26、连接管27、竖支架28、固定螺杆281，精分离器箱体21上下两端安装两个横挡板22，精分离器箱体21两侧安装两个竖支架28，横挡板22与竖支架28之间相互连接固定，竖支架28两端安装固定螺杆281，第二排气口221安装在精分离器箱体21上方，第二排气口221一端通过上端的横挡板22进行固定，上侧横挡板22固定有进液管23，进液管23一端伸入精分离器箱体21内部，进液管23与排液管18之间通过连接管27进行连接，精分离器箱体21内部两侧各安装一个连通管24，连通管24上下两端分别与横挡板22接触，精分离器箱体21内部安装第二回流管26，第二回流管26顶端安装在精分离器箱体21内部，第二回流管26贯穿精分离器箱体21下方的横挡板22，横挡板22下表面固定回收管25。
分离器的工作过程如下所示：
分离器在工作过程中先通过粗分离器机构1进行第一次分离，之后通过精分离器机构2进行第二次分离，打开粗分离器顶盖12，将待分离液加入粗分离器筒体11内，接通电源在电机的作用下待分离液进入第一回流管16，第一回流管16开始对待分离液进行第一次分离，之后通过第一进气口17和第二进气口19通入压缩空气，在压缩空气的作用下使第一回流管16中的待分离液流向和速度剧烈变化从而对待分离液进行初步分离，分离出来的物质通过排污口131排出，之后通过排液管18、连接管27和进液管23将初步分离后的待分离液加入精分离器箱体21内部，之后通过第二回流管26进行再次分离，压缩空气从排液管18、连接管27和进液管23进入精分离器箱体21内部，连通管24通过下方横挡板22内部的导管与第二回流管26连通，对待分离液进行分离，分离后的液体从回收管25排出收集，之后打开第一排气口121、第二排气口221将压缩空气排出分离器。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种生物柴油的提炼方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1、预处理：将过滤后的动植物油脂泵入水化罐内，通入水蒸气并以60r/min的转速搅拌50min，升温至75℃，加入75℃去离子水，以80r/min转速进行搅拌，直至胶粒絮凝且出现分离，停止搅拌静置8h，将上层油脂过滤制得脱胶油脂，控制动植物油脂、去离子水的重量比为1∶8；
步骤S2、将步骤S1制得的脱胶油脂加热至60℃，脱水、脱气后转移至脱酸塔，通过水蒸汽，直至游离酸和水蒸气共同蒸出，冷凝析出，通过转速为10000r/min的离心机离心2min，过滤，向滤液中加入4％甲醇和酸催化剂进行酯化反应，反应2h后蒸出甲醇，过滤、分馏，制得生物柴油半成品，控制脱胶油脂、4％甲醇、酸催化剂的重量比为3∶1∶0.1；
步骤S3、在生物柴油半成品中加入复合催化剂，之后转移至转速为12000r/min的均质机中进行均质，直至将柴油分子剪切至粒径为5-70μm；
步骤S4、将均质后的生物柴油半成品通过输送泵送入预热器中进行薄膜真空干燥处理，使导热油与生物柴油半成品进行间接热交换，控制物柴油半成品的温度为85℃，之后转移至薄膜蒸发器中，将生物柴油半成品以0.1mm的厚度均匀涂抹在薄膜蒸发器中，干燥3h；
步骤S5、通过分离器将干燥后的生物柴油半成品进行分离，制得生物柴油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物柴油的提炼方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中酸催化剂为氧化铝、分子筛中的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物柴油的提炼方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中动植物油脂为小桐子油、菜籽油、玉米油、大豆油、蓖麻油、椰子油、花生油、猪油以及藻类油脂中任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物柴油的提炼方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中复合催化剂由如下重量份原料制成：15-30份乙二醇丙烯酸酯，15-20份椰油酸，5-10份丙酰胺，1-3份二聚酸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种生物柴油的提炼方法，其特征在于，所述复合催化剂由如下方法制成：将乙二醇丙烯酸酯与椰油酸混合后加入四口烧瓶中，50℃水浴加热，以50r/min的转速搅拌15min，加入二聚酸，超声震荡30min后加入丙酰胺，升温至70℃，以110r/min的转速搅拌30min后转移至85℃干燥箱中干燥5h，制得复合催化剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种生物柴油的提炼方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中分离器的工作过程如下所示：
打开粗分离器顶盖(12)，将待分离液加入粗分离器筒体(11)内，接通电源在电机的作用下待分离液进入第一回流管(16)，第一回流管(16)开始对待分离液进行第一次分离，之后通过第一进气口(17)和第二进气口(19)通入压缩空气，从而对待分离液进行初步分离，分离出来的物质通过排污口(131)排出，之后通过排液管(18)、连接管(27)和进液管(23)将初步分离后的待分离液加入精分离器箱体(21)内部，之后通过第二回流管(26)进行再次分离，压缩空气从排液管(18)、连接管(27)和进液管(23)进入精分离器箱体(21)内部，连通管(24)通过下方横挡板(22)内部的导管与第二回流管(26)连通，对待分离液进行分离，分离后的液体从回收管(25)排出收集，之后打开第一排气口(121)、第二排气口(221)将压缩空气排出分离器。
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