CN110045337B - High-frequency ground wave radar radio frequency interference suppression method based on tensor subspace projection - Google Patents
High-frequency ground wave radar radio frequency interference suppression method based on tensor subspace projection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-frequency ground wave radar radio frequency interference suppression method based on tensor subspace projection, which is characterized in that the method is used for jointly estimating radio frequency interference subspaces from multiple dimensions through tensor decomposition according to the distance correlation and direction characteristics of radio frequency interference, the implementation process comprises the steps of completing data blocking through Doppler sliding window processing based on radar data, detecting radio frequency interference, judging whether a currently selected data block has interference frequency points, and if the currently selected data block has radio frequency interference, constructing a third-order tensor by using ocean echo-free remote metadata of a plurality of antenna channels as a training tensor; and performing tensor decomposition on the training tensor by adopting high-order singular value decomposition, estimating a radio frequency interference subspace, and performing distance sliding window and subspace projection processing to obtain data without radio frequency interference. The method can inhibit radio frequency interference to a great extent, improve data quality, completely reserve target signals, has good application effect, improves detection performance of a radar system, and has important practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-frequency ground wave radar signal processing, and particularly relates to a high-frequency ground wave radar (HFSWR) anti-radio-frequency interference method based on tensor subspace projection.
Background
Based on a Bragg scattering mechanism of the ocean surface on the high-frequency electromagnetic waves, the high-frequency ground wave radar can detect large-area ocean dynamics parameters with high precision, such as real-time measurement of parameters of a ocean flow field, a wind field, a wave field and the like, and has guiding significance for ocean scientific research, ocean disaster weather forecast and the like. However, the high-frequency ground wave radar works in a high frequency band (3 MHz-30 MHz), the electromagnetic environment in the frequency band is very bad, particularly the frequency occupancy rate of the low end in the high frequency band below 15MHz, in which the radar mainly works, is very high, and various short wave radio station communication, mobile communication, broadcasting and a large number of amateur radio communication facilities are densely distributed. Part of the radio signals from these external sources can enter the radar receiver, which can cause serious radio frequency interference, greatly reduce the radar data quality, and limit the detection performance of the radar system.
Radio frequency interference belongs to active interference, and generally appears as vertical bright fringes parallel to the range axis over the range-doppler spectrum and exists at all range bins. The existing high-frequency ground wave radar anti-radio frequency interference algorithm mainly comprises a self-adaptive frequency selection method, a space domain method and a time-frequency domain anti-interference method. The radar system selects and changes frequency in real time through the self-adaptive frequency selection technology, so as to achieve the purpose of avoiding harmful interference. However, it is difficult for the high-frequency ground wave radar to find a channel with enough bandwidth that is completely free in a complex electromagnetic environment, so that the scheme cannot completely eliminate the influence of radio frequency interference. The anti-interference method based on the airspace characteristics of radio frequency interference, such as a self-adaptive wave beam forming algorithm, is mainly suitable for narrow wave beam high-frequency ground wave radars adopting large phased antenna arrays. Although the azimuth subspace projection method is also suitable for wide-beam high-frequency ground wave radars, attenuation is caused for target signals, and the attenuation degree and the antenna structure are related to the azimuth difference of targets and interference. For the time-frequency domain anti-interference algorithm, such as a time domain rejection method based on radio frequency interference time domain characteristics, a frequency domain subspace projection method based on distance correlation, and the like, certain loss is caused to echo signals. Up to now, a good algorithm has not been found to suppress radio frequency interference without damaging the target signal, especially when the two overlap in the return spectrum.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a high-frequency ground wave radar radio frequency interference suppression method based on tensor subspace projection, which mainly solves the problem that the prior art is difficult to suppress radio frequency interference and does not affect ocean echo, particularly the situation that the radio frequency interference and ocean echo signals overlap on the echo spectrum, and can complete effective suppression of the radio frequency interference while completely retaining a target signal, thereby improving the detection performance of the radar.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a high-frequency ground wave radar radio frequency interference suppression method based on tensor subspace projection, which depends on the distance correlation and direction characteristics of radio frequency interference, carries out joint estimation on the radio frequency interference subspace from multiple dimensions through tensor decomposition, the implementation process comprises the following steps,
step 1, data block processing, which comprises the step of completing data block by Doppler sliding window processing based on radar data;
step 2, radio frequency interference detection;
step 3, selecting a first data block, judging whether the current selected data block has a scrambling frequency point, and if so, entering a step 4 to carry out subsequent processing; otherwise, selecting the next data block to continue judging without further processing;
step 4, constructing a training tensor, which comprises the steps of setting a high-frequency ground wave radar with M antenna channels, constructing a third-order tensor by using ocean echo-free remote metadata of the M antenna channels, wherein the tensor is used as a training tensor x, the size of the tensor is P multiplied by Q multiplied by M, P is the number of selected remote units, and Q is equal to the Doppler range length of the data block;
and 5, performing tensor decomposition on the training tensor by adopting high-order singular value decomposition, wherein the tensor decomposition is as follows:
x＝c× 1 U 1 × 2 U 2 × 3 U 3
wherein c is the core tensor, U n Expanding matrix X for the nth mode of the corresponding tensor (n) Left singular matrix, X n Representing the n-mode product of the tensor and the matrix;
step 6, estimating a radio frequency interference subspace according to the result obtained in the step 5;
step 7, performing distance sliding window and subspace projection processing, which comprises the steps of performing sliding window processing on a data block along a distance axis to obtain a plurality of processing tensors with the same size as the training tensors, and performing projection on a radio frequency interference subspace to obtain radio frequency interference components in the data block, so as to obtain data without radio frequency interference;
and 8, judging whether the last data block is processed currently, if not, returning to repeat the step 3-7 until all the data blocks are circularly processed, and obtaining the range Doppler spectrums of M antenna channels without radio frequency interference.
In step 1, the doppler sliding window processing is performed by sliding windows along the doppler axis, overlapping sections are provided between adjacent sliding windows, and the range-doppler tensor data is divided into a plurality of sub-tensor data blocks, and the subsequent anti-radio-frequency interference processing is performed respectively.
In step 6, the implementation manner of estimating the radio frequency interference subspace is that U is taken n Middle front d n The left singular vectors corresponding to the large singular values are respectively stretched into radio frequency interference subspaces and recorded asAnd->The corresponding subspace projection matrix is
In step 7, the window length and the step length of the distance sliding window are P distance units.
In the implementation manner of subspace projection processing in the step 7, a certain processing tensor is recorded as y, and data y without radio frequency interference is calculated s ，y s ＝y-y× 2 P 2 × 3 P 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And after the processing tensors are processed respectively, the radio frequency interference components of the processing tensors are synthesized to obtain the radio frequency interference components in the data block.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention is mainly based on the distance correlation and direction characteristic of radio frequency interference, and performs joint estimation on the radio frequency interference subspace from multiple dimensions by a tensor decomposition method.
2. The method can inhibit radio frequency interference to a great extent, improve data quality, completely reserve target signals, has good application effect in actual measurement data processing of the high-frequency ground wave radar, improves detection performance of a radar system, and has important practical application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a training tensor in a multi-channel range-doppler spectrum according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of matrix expansion of tensors according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The high-frequency ground wave radar system adopts a linear Frequency Modulation Interrupted Continuous Wave (FMICW) system. Under the waveform system, after the ocean echo enters a radar receiver, radar original data is obtained after digital down conversion, and then distance separation and speed (Doppler) separation of the ocean echo are realized through twice FFT, so that a distance Doppler (RD) spectrum is obtained. Interference bands across all range bins parallel to the range axis appear on the range-doppler spectrum when radio frequency interference is present
The invention mainly aims to inhibit radio frequency interference on the premise of not influencing marine echo signals, utilizes the unique advantage of tensor decomposition on high-order tensor processing, constructs training tensor by using echo data of a plurality of antenna channels and remote elements, reserves and utilizes the multidimensional structural characteristics of multichannel distance Doppler data, simultaneously carries out joint estimation on radio frequency interference subspaces from a plurality of dimensions, accurately estimates radio frequency interference components in the echo data in a tensor subspace projection mode, and subtracts the radio frequency interference components to obtain a distance Doppler spectrum without radio frequency interference.
The embodiment provides a high-frequency ground wave radar radio frequency interference suppression method based on tensor subspace projection, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises the following steps:
and step 1, data blocking processing. The processing mode is Doppler sliding window processing, namely, sliding window processing is carried out along the Doppler axis to divide the range Doppler tensor data into a plurality of sub tensor data blocks, and radio frequency interference resisting processing is carried out respectively. The window length is 200-300 Doppler units, and 20-50 Doppler units are overlapped between adjacent data blocks to ensure that radio frequency interference is sufficiently restrained.
The Doppler sliding window processing is characterized in that sliding windows are performed along a Doppler axis, a certain overlapping interval is required to be arranged between adjacent sliding windows, and distance Doppler tensor data are divided into a plurality of sub tensor data blocks to respectively perform subsequent anti-radio frequency interference processing. Therefore, the calculation complexity of the algorithm is simplified, the time cost of the algorithm is saved, and the number of radio frequency interference sources in each sub-tensor is not larger than the number of information sources.
Step 2, detecting radio frequency interference:
this step detects the position of the radio frequency interference, which is substantially the same on each channel, so only one channel needs to be detected. The embodiment uses the complete range-Doppler spectrum of an antenna channel, takes ocean echo-free data of a plurality of remote elements, and sums and averages the ocean echo-free data along a range axis to obtain a new range average sequence. The Noise level Noise of the average sequence is found, and a threshold value is set to k×noise, k being a constant, and generally 5 to 10dB is taken. If the power at a Doppler frequency point in the sequence is higher than the threshold value, the frequency point is considered as an interference frequency point.
Step 3, selecting a first data block, judging whether the currently selected data block has a dry scrambling point, if so, regarding that radio frequency interference exists, and entering step 4 for subsequent processing; otherwise, the next data block is selected for further judgment without further processing.
And 4, constructing a training tensor. Assuming that the high-frequency ground wave radar has M antenna channels, fig. 2 depicts the expression form of radio frequency interference in the range-doppler spectrum of the M channels and the construction method of training tensors, it can be seen that the ocean echo exists in only a few short-range units, the radio frequency interference represented by the shaded portion in the figure exists in all the range units, and the positions between each channel are substantially the same. For the data block containing the radio frequency interference, the third-order tensor is constructed by using the remote metadata without ocean echoes of M antenna channels and is used as a training tensor, as shown by a thick dotted line marked by a left diagram of fig. 2, the tensor is p×q×m, P is the number of selected remote units, the optimal selection value is 20 to 30, Q is equal to the Doppler length of the data block, and the right diagram of fig. 2 shows that the training tensor x shares three dimensions of length Q, width M and height P.
Step 5, performing tensor decomposition on the training tensor x by using high-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD), wherein the tensor decomposition is as follows:
x＝c× 1 U 1 × 2 U 2 × 3 U 3 (1)
wherein c is the core tensor, U n (n=1, 2, 3) n-th mode expansion matrix X for the corresponding tensor (n) Left singular matrix of (a), namely:
the upper formula is X (n) SVD decomposition of (C), wherein S n Is X (n) Is used for the matrix of singular values of (a),is X (n) Right singular matrix V n Is a conjugate transpose of (a).
The n-th mode matrix expansion mode of training tensor X is shown in figure 3, tensors are respectively sliced along each dimension to obtain a plurality of matrices, and the matrices are arranged according to a certain sequence to obtain the corresponding n-th mode expansion matrix X (n) I.e.
X (1) ＝[x q＝1 ,x q＝2 ,…,x q＝Q ]，
Wherein χ is *＝i Let x=p, q, m denote the matrix obtained by cutting tensor x along x=i, [ ·] T Representing the transpose of the matrix.
× n Representing the n-mode product of the tensor and the matrix, i.e., the n-mode product.
For example tensorsAnd a matrix->N-mode product of (2) isWherein each element can be expressed as:
and 6, estimating the radio frequency interference subspace. U taking n Front d in (n=2, 3) n The left singular vectors corresponding to the large singular values are respectively stretched into X (n) Radio frequency interfering subspaces of (i.e.)And->They together determine the radio interference subspace in the data block,>and->The corresponding subspace projection matrixes are respectively
After SVD decomposition, the obtained U n The singular values in (n=2, 3) are ordered from large to small, taking the first d n The singular values may be used to extract the principal component of the training tensor, namely radio frequency interference.
And 7, distance sliding window and subspace projection processing. And carrying out sliding window processing on the data blocks along the distance axis to obtain a plurality of processing tensors with the same size as the training tensors. Projecting the data into the radio frequency interference subspace to obtain the radio frequency interference component in the data block, and subtracting the radio frequency interference component to obtain the data without radio frequency interference.
In the embodiment, sliding window processing is performed on the data block along the distance axis, the window length and the step length are both P distance units, so that a plurality of processing tensors with the same size as the training tensors can be obtained, and tensor subspace projection is conveniently performed to obtain interference components in each antenna channel and each distance element.
Recording a certain processing tensor as y, wherein the subspace projection processing comprises projecting the tensor y obtained after the distance sliding window to the radio frequency interference subspace to obtain a radio frequency interference component corresponding to the processing tensor, and subtracting the radio frequency interference component to obtain the data y without radio frequency interference s The following formula:
y s ＝y-yX 2 P 2 X 3 P 3 (5)
after the processing tensors are processed in the above way, the radio frequency interference components of the processing tensors are synthesized, and the radio frequency interference components in the data block can be obtained.
Step 8: and judging whether the last data block is processed currently, if not, returning to repeat the step 3-7 until all the data blocks are circularly processed, and obtaining the range Doppler spectrums of M antenna channels without radio frequency interference.
In specific implementation, the above flow can be implemented by computer software, and the hardware device for running the flow of the method of the invention should be within the scope of protection.
In order to better embody the performance of the radio frequency interference suppression method provided by the invention, a field of measured data with poor data quality is selected for experiment by using the method provided by the embodiment of the invention. By comparing the range Doppler spectrum before the radio frequency interference is inhibited, the radar echo data is seriously polluted by the radio frequency interference, and the positive Bragg peak and the negative Bragg peak are greatly influenced. The range-Doppler spectrum after the radio frequency interference is restrained can be seen that the radio frequency interference is greatly restrained, and the ocean echo is better highlighted from the background noise. The combination of the 8 th range bin Doppler spectrum before and after the processing according to the embodiment of the invention can find that after the radio frequency interference is restrained by the invention, the strong radio frequency interference existing in the negative Doppler frequency part and the weak radio frequency interference existing in the positive Doppler frequency part are obviously restrained, the signal to noise ratio is greatly improved, and the ocean echo signal is completely reserved.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (4)
1. A high-frequency ground wave radar radio frequency interference suppression method based on tensor subspace projection is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the joint estimation of the radio frequency interference subspace from multiple dimensions by means of tensor decomposition is dependent on the distance dependence and the directional characteristic of the radio frequency interference, the implementation process comprising the steps of,
step 1, data block processing, which comprises the step of completing data block by Doppler sliding window processing based on radar data;
step 2, radio frequency interference detection;
step 3, selecting a first data block, judging whether the current selected data block has a scrambling frequency point, and if so, entering a step 4 to carry out subsequent processing; otherwise, selecting the next data block to continue judging without further processing;
step 4, constructing a training tensor, which comprises the steps of setting a high-frequency ground wave radar with M antenna channels, and constructing a third-order tensor as the training tensor by using ocean echo-free remote metadata of the M antenna channelsThe tensor size is P multiplied by Q multiplied by M, P is the number of the selected remote units, and Q is equal to the Doppler range length of the data block;
step 5, training tensor by adopting high-order singular value decompositionTensor decomposition is performed as follows:
in the method, in the process of the invention,u as core tensor n Expanding matrix X for the nth mode of the corresponding tensor (n) Left singular matrix, x n Representing the n-mode product of the tensor and the matrix, where n = 1,2,3;
step 6, estimating a radio frequency interference subspace according to the result obtained in the step 5; the implementation is as follows,
u taking n N=2, 3, middle front d n The left singular vectors corresponding to the large singular values are respectively stretched into X (n) Radio frequency interfering subspaces of (i.e.)And->They together determine the radio interference subspace in the data block,>and->The corresponding subspace projection matrixes are respectively
After SVD decomposition, the obtained U n The singular values of the middle are ordered from big to small, and d is taken before n Extracting main components in training tensors, namely radio frequency interference, from singular values;
step 7, performing distance sliding window and subspace projection processing, which comprises the steps of performing sliding window processing on a data block along a distance axis to obtain a plurality of processing tensors with the same size as the training tensors, and performing projection on a radio frequency interference subspace to obtain radio frequency interference components in the data block, so as to obtain data without radio frequency interference;
and 8, judging whether the last data block is processed currently, if not, returning to repeat the step 3-7 until all the data blocks are circularly processed, and obtaining the range Doppler spectrums of M antenna channels without radio frequency interference.
2. The method for suppressing radio frequency interference of high-frequency ground wave radar based on tensor subspace projection according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 1, a doppler sliding window is performed, namely sliding windows are performed along a doppler axis, overlapping intervals are set between adjacent sliding windows, and distance doppler tensor data are divided into a plurality of sub tensor data blocks, and subsequent anti-radio frequency interference processing is performed respectively.
3. The method for suppressing radio frequency interference of high-frequency ground wave radar based on tensor subspace projection according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step 7, the window length and the step length of the distance sliding window are P distance units.
4. A method for suppressing radio frequency interference of a high-frequency ground wave radar based on tensor subspace projection according to claim 3, wherein: subspace projection processing implementation in step 7The tensor of a certain process is recorded asCalculating data without radio frequency interference ∈>And after the processing tensors are processed respectively, the radio frequency interference components of the processing tensors are synthesized to obtain the radio frequency interference components in the data block.
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| CN111398912B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2023-02-10 | 西北工业大学 | Synthetic aperture radar interference suppression method based on tensor low-rank approximation |
| CN113126038B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-05-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | High-frequency ground wave radar working frequency optimization method, system, storage medium and application |
| CN118251610A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-06-25 | 香港大学 | System and method for radio frequency interference suppression in radar |
| CN114235413B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-06-30 | 频率探索智能科技江苏有限公司 | Method for constructing multi-channel signal third-order tensor model |
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