CN110042227B - Sintered ore and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sintered ore and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110042227B CN110042227B CN201910436268.2A CN201910436268A CN110042227B CN 110042227 B CN110042227 B CN 110042227B CN 201910436268 A CN201910436268 A CN 201910436268A CN 110042227 B CN110042227 B CN 110042227B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
Abstract
The invention provides a sintered ore and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing copper slag, fine iron powder, a flux and fuel to obtain a mixture; mixing the ingredients and the binder into a mass to obtain a material to be sintered; and sintering the material to be sintered to obtain the sintered ore. Because the copper slag contains a high content of iron element, the copper slag can provide favorable guarantee for smelting qualified pig iron by being used as a preparation raw material of sinter; meanwhile, the cost of the copper slag is low, the sintering process is mature, and a new matching device is not required to be added, so that the method provided by the application can greatly reduce the process cost compared with the method only using iron ore concentrate as a raw material. The addition of the flux is beneficial to generating low-melting-point substances and promoting the generation of a liquid phase, thereby being beneficial to improving the performance of the sintered ore. In addition, the sintered ore has large consumption, can treat the copper slag on a large scale, is easy to realize industrialization and reduces environmental pollution at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of iron making, in particular to a sintered ore and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The copper slag is the metallurgical slag discharged from a copper smelting furnace in the process of pyrometallurgy, and is a eutectic body formed by mutually melting various oxides in furnace burden and fuel. At present, copper in China is mainly produced by pyrometallurgy, the emission amount of copper slag is over 1000 ten thousand tons every year according to the emission amount of 2.2 tons of copper slag per 1 ton of refined copper produced in the copper smelting process, in addition, the copper slag with the amount over 1.2 hundred million tons is also piled up in China, and the copper slag becomes industrial solid waste with a large amount in the metallurgical industry. Although the copper slag contains a large amount of iron (29-45%) and a small amount of copper (0.45-3.0%), most of the copper slag is piled up in a slag field, which not only occupies land and pollutes the environment, but also causes huge waste of resources.
The copper slag contains certain iron element, and the iron element is mainly ferrous silicate (2 FeO. SiO2) And magnetite (Fe)3O4) Is mainly in the form of iron silicate, and the copper is mainly Cu2S, CuO and Cu. Since iron in the copper slag mainly exists in the form of fayalite, it is difficult to effectively recover weak magnetic mineral fayalite by the conventional magnetic separation method. To recover iron from the copper slag, it is necessary to first ferment the 2FeO SiO in the copper slag2Conversion to Fe3O4And then recovered by a magnetic separation method. There are many methods for recovering copper in slag, mainly including pyrogenic dilution, wet extraction and mineral separation. At present, the research on the utilization technology of the copper slag mostly focuses on the utilization of copper alone or iron alone. For the extraction of metals in copper slag, the beneficiation method is widely applied, but the resource utilization rate is low; the recovery rate of pyrometallurgical metal is high, but the treatment cost is high; wet processing is potentially secondary to contamination and costly. Although the copper slag can also be used for preparing microcrystalline glass and mineral wool; when the method is used for producing cement, precious iron and copper and other metal resources are greatly wasted.
Sintered ore is widely applied to the iron-making industry, and because raw materials usually contain some harmful elements such as sulfur, arsenic and the like, a certain amount of iron powder or iron ore concentrate is added in the sintering process to remove a part of harmful substances such as sulfur, arsenic and the like and prepare the sintered ore. For example, publication No. CN106367588A provides a method for producing a sintered ore, in which the mixed iron ore concentrate is sintered with iron ore concentrate, iron ore powder, steel slag ore, limestone, light burned dolomite, quicklime, rubber powder, and blast furnace return ore, in order to remove tin, arsenic, and zinc elements from the mixed iron ore concentrate containing tin, arsenic, and zinc. However, the sintering raw materials required by the sintering process are relatively complex, and the problem of high preparation process cost exists.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a process for producing a sintered ore at low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a sintered ore and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that the existing sintered ore is high in preparation cost.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a sintered ore, the method including: mixing copper slag, fine iron powder, a flux and fuel to obtain a mixture; mixing the ingredients and the binder into a mass to obtain a material to be sintered; and sintering the material to be sintered to obtain the sintered ore.
Further, the weight ratio of the copper slag, the fine iron powder, the flux and the fuel is (30-50): 20-40): 10-20): 6-10.
Furthermore, the amount of the binder is 5-8% by weight of the ingredients; preferably, the binder is water; preferably, the fuel is selected from coking coal and/or coal fines.
Further, the copper slag comprises (29-45) parts by weight of iron element, (0.45-3.0) parts by weight of copper element, and (25-40) parts by weight of SiO2(2-10) CaO, (1.5-10) Al2O3And (0.6-2.8) sulfur element.
Furthermore, the granularity of the material to be sintered is 5-10 mm.
Further, the step of sintering is performed in a sintering machine comprising: distributing materials to be sintered in a sintering machine, and then performing ignition air draft sintering, wherein the sintering ignition temperature in the ignition air draft sintering step is 1300-1350 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 7-10 KPa, and the sintering negative pressure is 12-14 KPa; preferably, the thickness of the material layer in the material distribution step is 700-750 mm.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the following steps: and sequentially carrying out cooling, crushing and screening on the sintered product system obtained in the sintering step to obtain the sintered ore.
Furthermore, the temperature in the cooling process is less than or equal to 100 ℃, and after the crushing and screening steps, the granularity of the sintering ore is 5-40 mm.
Further, the flux is selected from one or more of the group consisting of lime powder, dolomite, and quick lime; preferably, the lime powder comprises 2-5 parts of SiO by weight275-85 parts of CaO and 2-5 parts of MgO.
The other aspect of the application also provides a sintered ore which is prepared by the preparation method, or the copper content of the sintered ore is 0.135-1.5%, the alkalinity is 1.1-1.4, and the drum strength is more than or equal to 70%.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, because the copper slag contains higher content of iron element, the copper slag can provide favorable guarantee for smelting qualified pig iron by being used as a preparation raw material of sinter. Meanwhile, the cost of the copper slag is low, the sintering process is mature, and a new matching device is not required to be added, so that the method provided by the application can greatly reduce the process cost compared with the method only using iron ore concentrate as a raw material. The addition of the flux is beneficial to generating low-melting-point substances and promoting the generation of a liquid phase, thereby being beneficial to improving the performance of the sintered ore. In addition, the sintered ore has large consumption, can treat the copper slag on a large scale, is easy to realize industrialization and reduces environmental pollution at the same time.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing sintered ore according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the existing sintered ore has a problem of high production cost. In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for preparing a sintered ore, the method comprising: mixing copper slag, fine iron powder, a flux and fuel to obtain a mixture; mixing the ingredients and the binder into a mass to obtain a material to be sintered; and sintering the material to be sintered to obtain the sintered ore.
The sintering principle is that the modern sintering production is an air draft sintering process, namely iron ore powder, flux, fuel, return ore and the like are mixed according to a certain proportion to form a mixture, a proper amount of water is added, the mixture is mixed and pelletized, then the mixture is spread in a sintering machine and ignited under a certain negative pressure, and the whole sintering process is carried out from top to bottom under negative pressure air draft. The sintering process can be divided into a sintering ore layer, a preheating layer and a cold material layer. A complex series of physicochemical changes are made during sintering. There are mainly combustion reactions of carbon and oxygen, decomposition reactions such as decomposition of crystalline water, decomposition of carbonates and decomposition of higher oxides, reduction and reoxidation reactions of oxides, and gasification reactions of some harmful impurities.
Because the copper slag contains a high content of iron element, the copper slag can provide favorable guarantee for smelting qualified pig iron by being used as a preparation raw material of sinter; meanwhile, the cost of the copper slag is low, the sintering process is mature, and a new matching device is not required to be added, so that the method provided by the application can greatly reduce the process cost compared with the method only using iron ore concentrate as a raw material. The addition of the flux is beneficial to generating low-melting-point substances and promoting the generation of a liquid phase, thereby being beneficial to improving the performance of the sintered ore. In addition, the sintered ore has large consumption, can treat the copper slag on a large scale, is easy to realize industrialization and reduces environmental pollution at the same time.
The sintered ore suitable for smelting is prepared by adding copper slag into the fine iron powder. The process can not only reduce the production cost of producing the copper-containing steel, but also utilize waste materials and reduce the environmental pollution. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the copper slag, the fine iron powder, the flux and the fuel is (30-50): 20-40): 10-20): 6-10. Compared with other proportion relations, the weight ratio of the copper slag, the fine iron powder, the flux and the fuel is limited within the range, which is beneficial to improving the strength and the pulverization performance of the sintered ore.
In a preferred embodiment, the binder is used in an amount of 5-8% by weight of the formulation. The amount of the binder is limited in the range, which is beneficial to improving the balling rate of the material to be sintered and further beneficial to improving the sintering effect.
In the above preparation method, the sintering agent is only required to agglomerate the preparation ingredients. Preferably, the binder is water. Preferably, the fuel includes, but is not limited to, coking coal and/or coal fines.
In order to further improve the removal rate of harmful elements, in a preferred embodimentIn the embodiment, the copper slag comprises (29-45) parts by weight of metallic iron, (0.45-3.0) parts by weight of metallic copper, and (25-40) parts by weight of SiO2(2-10) CaO, (1.5-10) Al2O3And (0.6-2.8) S element.
In order to further improve the sintering effect, the granularity of the material to be sintered is preferably 5-10 mm.
The sintering process used in the method for preparing sintered ore provided by the present application may also use equipment of processes commonly used in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the step of sintering is in a sintering machine comprising: and (3) distributing the material to be sintered in a sintering machine, and then carrying out ignition, air draft and sintering, wherein the sintering ignition temperature is 1300-1350 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 7-10 KPa, and the sintering negative pressure is 12-14 KPa. The sintering ignition temperature, the ignition negative pressure and the sintering negative pressure are optimized and adjusted in a targeted manner, so that the removal rate of harmful elements and the yield of sintered ores are improved. In order to improve the sintering efficiency, the thickness of the material layer in the material distribution step is preferably 700-750 mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation method further comprises: and sequentially carrying out cooling, crushing and screening on the sintered product system obtained in the sintering step to obtain the sintered ore. In order to facilitate the efficiency of the subsequent iron-making process, the temperature in the cooling process is more preferably less than or equal to 100 ℃, and the particle size of the sintered ore is 5-40 mm after the crushing and screening steps.
In the above preparation method, the flux may be of a kind commonly used in the art, and preferably includes one or more of the group consisting of, but not limited to, lime powder, dolomite, and quicklime. More preferably, the lime powder comprises 2-5 parts of SiO by weight275-85 parts of CaO and 2-5 parts of MgO.
Preferably, the method for preparing the sintered ore can be used for preparing the sintered ore required by a blast furnace ironmaking process.
The application also provides a sintered ore which is prepared by the preparation method, or the alkalinity of the sintered ore is 1.1-1.4, and the drum strength is more than or equal to 70%.
Because the copper slag contains a high content of iron element, the copper slag is used as a raw material for preparing sintered ore; because the cost of the copper slag is lower, the sintering process is mature, and a new matching device is not required to be added, compared with the method only using iron ore concentrate as a raw material, the method provided by the application can greatly reduce the process cost. The addition of the flux is beneficial to generating low-melting-point substances and promoting the generation of a liquid phase, thereby being beneficial to improving the performance of the sintered ore. In addition, the sintered ore has large consumption, can treat the copper slag on a large scale, is easy to realize industrialization and reduces environmental pollution at the same time. The sintered ore meets the requirements of national relevant standards on the sintered ore.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
The drum index in the examples of the present invention was measured according to GB8209-87 standard.
The embodiment of the invention adopts the process flow in figure 1 to prepare the sinter.
The sintering equipment adopted by the embodiment of the invention is an NEU-2012 type sintering machine, and ignition is realized by introducing natural gas and air.
The lime powder in the embodiment of the invention is a common commercial industrial product and contains SiO in percentage by weight2 2～5％，CaO 75～85％，MgO 2～5％。
The fuel coke powder in the embodiment of the invention is a common commercial industrial product, and contains 80-90% of C by weight percent;
in the embodiment of the invention, the iron element in the copper slag is 35 percent, the copper element content is 0.7 percent, and SiO is contained235% of CaO, 5% of Al2O3The content of S element is 1.2 percent and 4 percent.
The iron grade in the common iron concentrate powder adopted in the embodiment of the invention is 45.0-65.0%.
Example 1
Preparing materials: weighing 30% of copper slag, 40% of common fine iron powder, 20% of lime powder and 10% of fuel according to weight percentage, wherein the fuel is coke powder;
mixing and pelletizing: all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then added into a pelletizer for pelletizing, the water content accounts for 5.5 percent of the total raw materials, and the diameter range of the pellets is between 5 and 7 mm.
After the material to be sintered is distributed in a sintering machine, ignition, air draft and sintering are carried out on the sintering machine. Wherein the thickness of the material layer after material distribution is 720mm, the sintering ignition temperature in the sintering process is 1320 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 8KPa, the sintering negative pressure is 13KPa, and sintering is completed when the temperature of sintering waste gas begins to drop.
And when the temperature of the sintering waste gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, taking out the sintered material, crushing and screening out a part with the granularity of 5-40 mm to obtain the copper-containing sinter with the alkalinity of 1.3 and the drum strength of 77%.
Example 2
Preparing materials: weighing 40% of copper slag, 35% of common iron fine powder, 17% of lime powder, 8% of fuel and coke powder as fuel according to weight percentage;
mixing and pelletizing: all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then added into a pelletizer for pelletizing, the added water accounts for 5.7 percent of all the raw materials, and the diameter range of the pellets is between 6 and 7 mm.
After the material to be sintered is distributed in a sintering machine, ignition, air draft and sintering are carried out on the sintering machine. Wherein the thickness of the material layer after material distribution is 700mm, the sintering ignition temperature in the sintering process is 1300 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 7KPa, the sintering negative pressure is 12KPa, and sintering is finished when the temperature of sintering waste gas begins to drop.
And when the temperature of the sintering waste gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, taking out the sintered material, crushing and screening out a part with the granularity of 5-40 mm to obtain the copper-containing sinter with the alkalinity of 1.2 and the drum strength of 75%.
Example 3
Preparing materials: weighing 45% of copper slag, 30% of common iron fine powder, 15% of lime powder and 10% of fuel according to weight percentage, wherein the fuel is coke powder;
mixing and pelletizing: all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then added into a pelletizer for pelletizing, the added water accounts for 7 percent of all the raw materials, and the diameter range of pellets is 7-8 mm.
After the material to be sintered is distributed in a sintering machine, ignition, air draft and sintering are carried out on the sintering machine. Wherein the thickness of the material layer after material distribution is 750mm, the sintering ignition temperature in the sintering process is 1340 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 9KPa, the sintering negative pressure is 13KPa, and sintering is finished when the temperature of sintering waste gas begins to drop.
And when the temperature of the sintering waste gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, taking out the sintered material, crushing and screening out a part with the granularity of 5-40 mm to obtain the copper-containing sinter with the alkalinity of 1.3 and the drum strength of 76%.
Example 4
Preparing materials: weighing 50% of copper slag, 25% of common fine iron powder, 15% of lime powder and 10% of fuel according to weight percentage, wherein the fuel is coke powder;
mixing and pelletizing: all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then added into a pelletizer for pelletizing, the water addition amount accounts for 8 percent of all the raw materials, and the diameter range of the pellets is 7-10 mm.
After the material to be sintered is distributed in a sintering machine, ignition, air draft and sintering are carried out on the sintering machine. Wherein the thickness of the material layer after material distribution is 740mm, the sintering ignition temperature in the sintering process is 1350 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 10KPa, the sintering negative pressure is 14KPa, and sintering is finished when the temperature of sintering waste gas begins to drop.
And when the temperature of the sintering waste gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, taking out the sintered material, crushing and screening out a part with the granularity of 5-40 mm to obtain the copper-containing sinter with the alkalinity of 1.4 and the drum strength of 80%.
Example 5
Preparing materials: weighing 55% of copper slag, 15% of common fine iron powder, 20% of lime powder and 10% of fuel according to weight percentage, wherein the fuel is coke powder.
Mixing and pelletizing: all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then added into a pelletizer for pelletizing, the added water accounts for 5.5% of all the raw materials, and the diameter range of pellets is 5-7 mm.
After the material to be sintered is distributed in a sintering machine, ignition, air draft and sintering are carried out on the sintering machine. Wherein the thickness of the material layer after material distribution is 720mm, the sintering ignition temperature in the sintering process is 1320 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 8KPa, the sintering negative pressure is 13KPa, and sintering is completed when the temperature of sintering waste gas begins to drop.
And when the temperature of the sintering waste gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, taking out the sintered material, crushing and screening out a part with the granularity of 5-40 mm to obtain the copper-containing sinter with the alkalinity of 1.1 and the drum strength of 68%.
Example 6
The differences from example 1 are: the copper slag comprises 50 percent of iron element, 0.4 percent of copper element and 20 percent of SiO2，5.％CaO，…5.％Al2O3And 0.5% elemental sulfur.
The basicity of the copper-containing sintered ore is 1.2, and the drum strength is 80%. Using the following example.
Preparing materials: weighing 50% of copper slag, 25% of common fine iron powder, 15% of lime powder and 10% of fuel according to weight percentage, wherein the fuel is coke powder;
mixing and pelletizing: all the raw materials are uniformly mixed and then added into a pelletizer for pelletizing, the water addition amount accounts for 8 percent of all the raw materials, and the diameter range of the pellets is 7-10 mm.
After the material to be sintered is distributed in a sintering machine, ignition, air draft and sintering are carried out on the sintering machine. Wherein the thickness of the material layer after material distribution is 740mm, the sintering ignition temperature in the sintering process is 1350 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 10KPa, the sintering negative pressure is 14KPa, and sintering is finished when the temperature of sintering waste gas begins to drop.
And when the temperature of the sintering waste gas is reduced to be less than or equal to 100 ℃, taking out the sintered material, crushing and screening out a part with the granularity of 5-40 mm to obtain the copper-containing sinter with the alkalinity of 1.2 and the drum strength of 80%.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: the addition of the copper slag in the process of preparing the sintered ore is beneficial to reducing the cost and the environmental pollution, and simultaneously, the alkalinity and the drum strength of the prepared sintered ore meet the requirements of relevant industrial standards.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing a sintered ore, comprising:
mixing copper slag, fine iron powder, a flux and fuel to obtain a mixture;
mixing the ingredients and a binder into a mass to obtain a material to be sintered; and
sintering the material to be sintered to obtain the sintered ore; the copper slag comprises (29-45) parts by weight of iron element, (0.45-3.0) parts by weight of copper element, and (25-40) parts by weight of SiO2(2-10) CaO, (1.5-10) Al2O3And (0.6-2.8) sulfur; the weight ratio of the copper slag, the fine iron powder, the flux and the fuel is (30-50): 20-40): 10-20): 6-10); the sintering step is carried out in a sintering machine and comprises the following steps: distributing the material to be sintered in the sintering machine, and then performing ignition air draft sintering, wherein the sintering ignition temperature in the ignition air draft sintering step is 1300-1350 ℃, the ignition negative pressure is 7-10 KPa, and the sintering negative pressure is 12-14 Kpa; the grade of iron in the iron concentrate is 45.0-65.0%, the alkalinity of the sinter is 1.1-1.4, and the drum strength is more than or equal to 70%.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the binder is used in an amount of 5 to 8% by weight based on the ingredients.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the binder is water; the fuel is selected from coking coal and/or coal powder.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the material to be sintered is 5 to 10 mm.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the material layer in the material distribution step is 700-750 mm.
6. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, further comprising: and sequentially carrying out cooling, crushing and screening on the sintered product system obtained in the sintering step to obtain the sintered ore.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the temperature in the cooling process is less than or equal to 100 ℃, and after the crushing and screening steps, the particle size of the sintered ore is 5-40 mm.
8. A method of manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluxing agent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of powdered lime, dolomite and quicklime.
9. The preparation method of claim 8, wherein the lime powder comprises 2-5 parts by weight of SiO275-85 parts of CaO and 2-5 parts of MgO.
10. A sintered ore produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN102776376A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-11-14 | 汉源县广超有色金属综合回收有限责任公司 | Method for recovering valuable metal from waste residue containing lead and zinc through wet-fire combination process |
| CN104152676A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-19 | 中南大学 | Method for sintering and blending nickel laterite ore |
| CN104630458A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-20 | 东北大学 | Preparation method of acidic chromium-containing vanadium-titanium sintered ore |
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| CN102776376A (en) * | 2012-08-08 | 2012-11-14 | 汉源县广超有色金属综合回收有限责任公司 | Method for recovering valuable metal from waste residue containing lead and zinc through wet-fire combination process |
| CN104152676A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-19 | 中南大学 | Method for sintering and blending nickel laterite ore |
| CN104630458A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-20 | 东北大学 | Preparation method of acidic chromium-containing vanadium-titanium sintered ore |
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