CN110024651B - Summer peanut planting method capable of efficiently utilizing straws - Google Patents
Summer peanut planting method capable of efficiently utilizing straws Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110024651B CN110024651B CN201910360012.8A CN201910360012A CN110024651B CN 110024651 B CN110024651 B CN 110024651B CN 201910360012 A CN201910360012 A CN 201910360012A CN 110024651 B CN110024651 B CN 110024651B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- drip irrigation
- fixed
- straws
- straw
- planting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 240000005781 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/005—Precision agriculture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Abstract
The invention discloses a summer peanut planting method capable of efficiently utilizing straws, which comprises the following steps: (1) shallow ploughing and stubble cleaning; (2) distributing straw strips; (3) mechanically rotary tillage; (4) ridging, film mulching and planting; (5) drip irrigation regularly by using a movable drip irrigation device. The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: the beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: (1) by adopting the summer peanut planting method with high-efficiency utilization of the straws, soil organic matters can be continuously increased by the straws in the growth process of the peanuts, the production efficiency of the peanuts is kept, and the comprehensive utilization level of agricultural resources is improved; (2) through the portable device of driping irrigation, need not to lay special burette, can drip irrigation the farmland of planting the peanut, it is very convenient that the operation is got up, and the small investment, the output input ratio is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a planting method for efficiently utilizing summer peanut straws.
Background
With the development of modern agriculture in China, the improvement of the multiple cropping index of peanuts causes the problems that soil cannot be well rested, trace elements are lack, soil diseases and insect pests are aggravated and the like. The straw returning is an important measure for dealing with environmental pollution, reduction of soil organic matters and reduction of soil reproduction capacity. The current straw returning technology is not high, the returning straw utilization rate is poor in the season, the phenomenon of nutrition competition with seedlings is serious, soil diseases and insect pests are aggravated, and the like.
In addition, in the process of peanut planting, in order to improve the use efficiency of agricultural water, a dropper is generally laid, and water is replenished to the peanuts in the growth process of the peanuts in a drip irrigation mode.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a summer peanut planting method capable of efficiently utilizing straws, which can ensure the production efficiency of summer peanuts, reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests, fully return the straws to the field, increase the organic matters in soil, maintain the production efficiency of the peanuts and improve the comprehensive utilization level of agricultural resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: the summer peanut planting method efficiently utilizing the straws is provided, the production efficiency of summer peanuts is guaranteed, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, soil organic matters are increased, and the comprehensive utilization level of agricultural resources is improved.
In addition, the summer peanut planting method efficiently utilizing the straws adopts the movable drip irrigation device to carry out drip irrigation on the farmland where the peanuts are planted. Therefore, the cost for planting peanuts is greatly reduced, and the use efficiency of agricultural water can be improved.
The summer peanut planting method efficiently utilizing the straws comprises the following specific steps:
step one, shallow ploughing and stubble cleaning: after the wheat is harvested, shallow ploughing and stubble cleaning are carried out, the straws are further crushed, surface soil is loosened, and the wheat straw roots are screwed out;
secondly, distributing straw strips: pushing the harvested straws of the combined harvester into strip-shaped distribution by using a reverse ridging device, wherein the specific requirements are that the straws are about 50cm in length and no straw is about 100cm in length;
thirdly, mechanically rotary tillage: before rotary tillage, 30-40 kg of urea is applied to the straws with each mu of land, and soil active bacteria are applied additionally; applying 400-500 kg of dry chicken manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of soil structure conditioner and underground insecticide to each mu of straw-free zone, and carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times;
fourthly, ridging, film covering and planting: adopt wide ridge mode of planting, the ridging requirement: ridging along a straw covering belt, wherein the cross section of each ridge is trapezoidal, the straws are covered on the bottom of each ridge, the width of the ridge surface is required to be 40-45cm, the width of the ridge bottom is required to be 80-90cm, the height of each ridge is 10-15cm, the distance between the central lines of the ridges is 150-180cm, and the ridges are double-row, double-grain dibbling and mulching are carried out;
step five, drip irrigation regularly: drip irrigation is carried out by adopting a movable drip irrigation device and is carried out for three times, namely, drip irrigation is carried out after seedingIrrigating once, and carrying out drip irrigation once in 20 days and 40 days after seedling emergence; the water consumption for the first drip irrigation is 5-10m3The water consumption of the drip irrigation for the second time and the third time is 10-15m per mu3Per mu.
Further, the summer peanut planting method efficiently utilizing the straws is characterized in that the compound fertilizer is an 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer.
Further, the summer peanut planting method efficiently utilizing straws of the invention comprises the following steps:
a base plate;
two front wheels arranged at the front part of the bottom plate;
two rear wheels arranged at the rear part of the bottom plate;
the reel bracket is fixed on the bottom plate;
the winding drum shaft is erected on the winding drum bracket;
the winding drum is fixed on the winding drum shaft;
the motor is fixed on the bottom plate, a speed reducer is arranged on the motor, a main shaft is arranged on the speed reducer, a first synchronous belt wheel is fixed on the main shaft, a second synchronous belt wheel is fixed on the drum shaft, and a synchronous belt is connected between the first synchronous belt wheel and the second synchronous belt wheel;
the guide bracket is fixed on the bottom plate behind the winding drum bracket;
the guide shaft is erected on the guide bracket;
the guide roller is fixed on the guide shaft;
the detection device comprises two detection rods, a guide roller and a winding drum, wherein the two detection rods are fixed on a bottom plate between the guide roller and the winding drum, a normally open proximity switch and a normally closed proximity switch are respectively fixed on the two detection rods, the normally open proximity switch is positioned above the normally closed proximity switch, the normally open proximity switch comprises a normally open transmitter and a normally open receiver, the normally closed proximity switch comprises a normally closed transmitter and a normally closed receiver, the normally open transmitter is matched with the normally open receiver, and the normally closed transmitter is matched with the normally closed receiver;
the lithium battery is fixed on the bottom plate and used for providing electric energy for the motor;
the drip irrigation device comprises a drip irrigation frame fixed at the front end of a bottom plate, wherein a drip irrigation pipe is fixed on the drip irrigation frame and is vertical to the length direction of the bottom plate, and a plurality of drip irrigation heads are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation pipe;
the water pipe is wound on the winding drum, the front end of the water pipe is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe, the rear end of the water pipe bypasses the guide roller and is communicated with a water source, and the water pipe between the winding drum and the guide roller is arranged between the normally open proximity switch and one normally closed switch;
the pressure pump is arranged on the water pipe close to the water source and used for increasing the water pressure;
and the normally open proximity switch is connected with the normally closed proximity switch in parallel and then connected with the switch button in series.
Further, according to the summer peanut planting method capable of efficiently utilizing straws, a push rod is fixed at the rear end of the bottom plate, a push handle is fixed on the push rod, and the forward rotation button, the reverse rotation button and the switch button are all arranged on the push rod.
Further, according to the summer peanut planting method with the straw efficiently utilized, a switch valve is arranged on a water pipe between the winding drum and the drip irrigation pipe.
Further, in the summer peanut planting method efficiently utilizing the straws, the distance between the two front wheels and the distance between the two rear wheels are equal and are both 150-180 cm.
Further, according to the summer peanut planting method with the straw efficiently utilized, a reinforcing rod is fixed on the drip irrigation frame and is obliquely arranged.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows: (1) by adopting the summer peanut planting method with high-efficiency utilization of the straws, soil organic matters can be continuously increased by the straws in the growth process of the peanuts, the production efficiency of the peanuts is kept, and the comprehensive utilization level of agricultural resources is improved; (2) through the portable device of driping irrigation, need not to lay special burette, can drip irrigation the farmland of planting the peanut, it is very convenient that the operation is got up, and the small investment, the output input ratio is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a planting structure of ridges and straw belts.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a water source, 2, a pressure pump, 3, a water pipe, 4, a push handle, 5, a forward rotation button, 6, a reverse rotation button, 7, a push rod, 8, a guide roller, 9, a normally closed proximity switch, 10, a normally open proximity switch, 11, a winding drum, 12, a second synchronous pulley, 13, a synchronous belt, 14, a detection rod, 15, a switch valve, 16, a first synchronous pulley, 17, a motor, 18, a drip irrigation frame, 19, a drip irrigation pipe, 20, a drip irrigation head, 21, a reinforcing rod, 22, a speed reducer, 23, a main shaft, 24, a front wheel, 25, a bottom plate, 26, a winding drum support, 27, a lithium battery, 28, a rear wheel, 29, a guide support, 30, a guide shaft, 31, a winding drum shaft, 32, a switch button, 33, ridges, 34 and a straw belt.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Selecting 2 mu of peanut field in the lotus city of Shandong province, dividing the peanut field into two parts, wherein each part of 1 mu is respectively expressed as a No. 1 field and a No. 2 field, and the No. 1 field adopts the summer peanut planting method for efficiently utilizing straws, namely:
step one, shallow ploughing and stubble cleaning: after the wheat is harvested, shallow ploughing and stubble cleaning are carried out, the straws are further crushed, surface soil is loosened, and the wheat straw roots are screwed out;
secondly, distributing straw strips: pushing the harvested straws of the combined harvester into strip-shaped distribution by using a reverse ridging device, wherein the specific requirements are that the straw belt is 34 cm to about 50cm, and the non-straw belt is 100 cm;
thirdly, mechanically rotary tillage: before rotary tillage, 30-40 kg of urea is applied to the straws with each mu of land, and soil active bacteria are applied additionally; applying 400-500 kg of dry chicken manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of soil structure conditioner and underground insecticide to each mu of straw-free zone, and carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times;
fourthly, ridging, film covering and planting: the wide ridge planting mode is adopted, as shown in fig. 3, the ridge forming requirement is as follows: ridging is carried out along the straw covering belt, the cross section of the ridge 33 is trapezoidal, the straw is covered on the bottom of the ridge, the width of the ridge surface is required to be 40-45cm, the width of the ridge bottom is 80-90cm, the height of the ridge is 10-15cm, the distance between the center lines of the ridge 33 and the ridge 33 is 150-180cm, one ridge is double-row, double-grain dibbling is carried out, and mulching film covering is carried out;
step five, drip irrigation regularly: carrying out drip irrigation by adopting a movable drip irrigation device, wherein the drip irrigation is carried out for three times, namely, the drip irrigation is carried out once after sowing, and the drip irrigation is carried out once after 20 days and 40 days after seedling emergence; the water consumption for the first drip irrigation is 5-10m3The water consumption of the drip irrigation for the second time and the third time is 10-15m per mu3Per mu.
In the summer peanut planting method by efficiently utilizing the straws, the compound fertilizer is an 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the summer peanut planting method with high efficiency of straw utilization of the embodiment, the mobile drip irrigation device comprises a bottom plate 25, the bottom plate 25 is a main body component of the whole device, and other components are directly or indirectly arranged on the bottom plate 25.
The front part of the bottom plate 25 is provided with two front wheels 24, and the rear part is provided with two rear wheels 28, and the whole device can be driven to move forwards or backwards through the rotation of the front wheels 24 and the rear wheels 28.
The base plate 25 is fixed with a reel bracket 26, the reel bracket 26 is provided with a reel shaft 31, and the reel shaft 31 is fixed with a reel 11, in this embodiment, the reel 11 is a carrier for winding and unwinding the water pipe 3.
The bottom plate 25 is further fixed with a motor 17, the motor 17 is provided with a speed reducer 22, the speed reducer 22 is provided with a main shaft 23, the main shaft 23 is fixed with a first synchronous belt pulley 16, the drum shaft 31 is fixed with a second synchronous belt pulley 12, and a synchronous belt 13 is connected between the first synchronous belt pulley 16 and the second synchronous belt pulley 12.
The starting motor 17 is decelerated by the reducer 22, the main shaft 23 continuously rotates, the main shaft 23 rotates while driving the first synchronous pulley 16 to rotate, the first synchronous pulley 16 drives the second synchronous pulley 12, the drum shaft 31 and the drum 11 to rotate after being transmitted by the synchronous belt 13, and the drum 11 rotates while driving the water pipe 3 to be wound if the drum 11 rotates positively, and the water pipe 3 is wound if the drum 11 rotates negatively.
Be fixed with guide bracket 29 on the bottom plate 25 in reel support 26 rear, guide bracket 29 erects and is equipped with a guiding axle 30, is fixed with guide roller 8 on the guiding axle 30, and when water pipe 3 carried out the rolling or unreeled, guide roller 8 can lead water pipe 3, avoids water pipe 3 to take place the direction skew.
Be fixed with two check rods 14 on the bottom plate 25 between direction roller 8 and the reel 11, be fixed with a normally open proximity switch 10 and a normally closed proximity switch 9 on two check rods 14 respectively, normally open proximity switch 10 is located normally closed proximity switch 9's top, normally open proximity switch 10 is including normally opening the transmitter and normally opening the receiver, normally closed proximity switch 9 includes normally closed transmitter and normally closed receiver, normally open transmitter and normally open receiver phase-match, normally closed transmitter and normally closed receiver phase-match.
In order to control the motor 17, the drip irrigation vehicle of the embodiment is further provided with a forward rotation button 5, a reverse rotation button 6 and a switch button 32 for controlling the operation of the motor 17, wherein the normally open proximity switch 10 is connected in parallel with the normally closed proximity switch 9 and then connected in series with the switch button 32.
The water pipe 3 is wound on the winding drum 11, the front end of the water pipe 3 is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe 19, the rear end of the water pipe 3 is communicated with the water source 1 after bypassing the guide roller 8, and the water pipe 3 between the winding drum 11 and the guide roller 8 is arranged between the normally open proximity switch 10 and the normally closed switch 9.
Connect in series with shift knob 32 behind parallelly connected with normally open proximity switch 10 and normally closed proximity switch 9, when reel 11 is in to water pipe 3 rolling or unreel, if the water pipe 3 of normally open proximity switch 10 and normally closed proximity switch 9 department is in between the two, then motor 17 is in the closure state, when the position of water pipe 3 flagging to normally open proximity switch 10 normally open the transmitter and normally open between the receiver, motor 17 will be started, if for the rolling state this moment, then motor 17 corotation, roll water pipe 3, if be in the state of unreeling, then motor 17 reversal, unreel water pipe 3, afterwards, the water pipe 3 of this department will be taut again, and place between normally open proximity switch 10 and normally closed proximity switch 9.
In the unwinding or winding process, if the water pipe 3 is arranged between the normally closed emitter and the normally closed receiver of the normally closed proximity switch 9, the motor 17 is immediately turned off.
Therefore, through the combined action of the normally open proximity switch 10 and the normally closed proximity switch 9, the water pipe 3 at the position of the detection rod 14 can be always positioned between the normally open proximity switch 10 and the normally closed proximity switch, and further the water pipe 3 is always in a smooth state in the winding or unwinding process.
The bottom plate 25 is also fixed with a lithium battery 27, the lithium battery 27 mainly functions to provide electric energy for the motor 17, and when the electric energy of the lithium battery 27 is exhausted, the lithium battery can be charged by a charger, so that the lithium battery 27 can be repeatedly used.
The front end of bottom plate 25 is fixed with drips irrigation frame 18, drips irrigation pipe 19 of fixed on the frame 18, and it is mutually perpendicular with the length direction of bottom plate 25 to drip irrigation pipe 19, and the equipartition has a plurality of to drip irrigation head 20 on the pipe 19, in order to increase the water pressure in water pipe 3 and the drip irrigation pipe 19, realizes driping irrigation the function, on the water pipe that is close to water source 1, is equipped with a force (forcing) pump 2, and force (forcing) pump 2 is fixed in near water source 1 to the removal that does not follow portable drip irrigation device removes.
When drip irrigation is needed, agricultural production personnel drive the whole movable drip irrigation device to move in the farmland, if the movable drip irrigation device is farther away from the water source in the advancing process, the switch button 32 and the reverse button 6 are pressed, the motor 17 drives the winding drum 11 to unwind the water pipe 3, if the movable drip irrigation device is closer to the water source, the switch button 32 and the forward rotation button 5 are pressed, the winding drum 11 is driven by the motor 17 to wind the water pipe 3, and thus, during the travel of the drip irrigation device in the farmland, the water at the water source 1 can be continuously pressed into the drip irrigation pipe 19 through the water pipe 3 and the pressure pump 2 by rolling or unrolling the winding drum 11, and finally drip irrigation is carried out on the farmland through the drip irrigation head 20, compared with the existing mode of laying a drip irrigation pipe network in a farmland, the method has less investment and can improve the use efficiency of agricultural water.
According to the summer peanut planting method with the straw efficiently utilized, the push rod 7 is fixed at the rear end of the bottom plate 25, the push handle 4 is fixed on the push rod 7, and the forward rotation button 5, the reverse rotation button 6 and the switch button 32 are all arranged on the push rod 7, so that the motor 17 is convenient to control.
In the summer peanut planting method with high-efficiency utilization of the straws, the switch valve 15 is arranged on the water pipe 3 between the winding drum 11 and the drip irrigation pipe 19, so that the drip irrigation head 20 is convenient to open or close.
In the summer peanut planting method with high-efficiency utilization of the straws, the drip irrigation frame 18 is fixed with the reinforcing rod 21, and the reinforcing rod 21 is obliquely arranged, so that the rigidity of the drip irrigation frame 18 can be improved.
In the summer peanut planting method with efficient utilization of straws, the distance between the two front wheels 24 is equal to the distance between the two rear wheels 28, and the distances are 150-180 cm.
The No. 2 field adopts a conventional planting method.
The indexes of the peanuts in the field 1 and the field 2 are measured and calculated, and the details are shown in the table 1 and the table 2.
TABLE 1 comprehensive survey results
TABLE 2 actual harvest test results
Referring to tables 1 and 2, the peanut planted by the method has the advantages that the plant height is increased by 5.58%, the side branch length is increased by 3.14%, the single plant fruit number is increased by 10.9%, the incidence rate of leaf spot is reduced by 43.84%, the income per mu is increased by 53.5 kg, and the yield is increased by 15.87%.
Claims (6)
1. A summer peanut planting method efficiently utilizing straws is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) shallow ploughing and stubble cleaning: after the wheat is harvested, shallow ploughing and stubble cleaning are carried out, the straws are further crushed, surface soil is loosened, and the wheat straw roots are screwed out;
2) distributing straw strips: pushing the harvested straws of the combined harvester into strip-shaped distribution by using a reverse ridging device, wherein the specific requirements are that a straw belt (34) is 50cm, and no straw belt is 100 cm;
3) mechanical rotary tillage: before rotary tillage, 30-40 kg of urea is applied to the straws with each mu of land, and soil active bacteria are applied additionally; applying 400-500 kg of dry chicken manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of soil structure conditioner and underground insecticide to each mu of straw-free zone, and carrying out rotary tillage for 2 times;
4) ridging, film covering and planting: adopt wide ridge mode of planting, the ridging requirement: ridging along the straw covering belt (34), wherein the cross section of each ridge (33) is trapezoidal, the straws are covered on the bottom of each ridge, the width of the ridge surface is required to be 40-45cm, the width of the bottom of each ridge is required to be 80-90cm, the height of each ridge is required to be 10-15cm, the distance between the center lines of the ridges (33) and the ridges (33) is required to be 180cm, one ridge is formed in two rows, two seeds are dibbled, and mulching films are covered;
5) drip irrigation regularly: carrying out drip irrigation by adopting a movable drip irrigation device, wherein the drip irrigation is carried out for three times, namely, the drip irrigation is carried out once after sowing, and the drip irrigation is carried out once after 20 days and 40 days after seedling emergence; the water consumption for the first drip irrigation is 5-10m3The water consumption of the drip irrigation for the second time and the third time is 10-15m per mu3Per mu;
the mobile drip irrigation device comprises:
a base plate (25);
two front wheels (24) provided in front of the bottom plate (25);
two rear wheels (28) provided at the rear of the base plate (25);
a reel holder (26) fixed to the base plate (25);
a reel shaft (31) mounted on the reel holder (26);
a spool (11) fixed to a spool shaft (31);
the automatic winding device comprises a motor (17) fixed on a bottom plate (25), wherein a speed reducer (22) is arranged on the motor (17), a main shaft (23) is arranged on the speed reducer (22), a first synchronous belt wheel (16) is fixed on the main shaft (23), a second synchronous belt wheel (12) is fixed on a winding drum shaft (31), and a synchronous belt (13) is connected between the first synchronous belt wheel (16) and the second synchronous belt wheel (12);
a guide bracket (29) fixed on the bottom plate (25) behind the reel bracket (26);
the guide shaft (30) is erected on the guide bracket (29);
a guide roller (8) fixed on the guide shaft (30);
the detection device comprises two detection rods (14), wherein the two detection rods (14) are fixed on a bottom plate (25) between a guide roller (8) and a winding drum (11), a normally open proximity switch (10) and a normally closed proximity switch (9) are respectively fixed on the two detection rods (14), the normally open proximity switch (10) is positioned above the normally closed proximity switch (9), the normally open proximity switch (10) comprises a normally open transmitter and a normally open receiver, the normally closed proximity switch (9) comprises a normally closed transmitter and a normally closed receiver, the normally open transmitter is matched with the normally open receiver, and the normally closed transmitter is matched with the normally closed receiver;
a lithium battery (27) fixed to the base plate (25) for supplying electric power to the motor (17);
the drip irrigation device comprises a drip irrigation frame (18) fixed at the front end of a bottom plate (25), wherein a drip irrigation pipe (19) is fixed on the drip irrigation frame (18), the drip irrigation pipe (19) is perpendicular to the length direction of the bottom plate (25), and a plurality of drip irrigation heads (20) are uniformly distributed on the drip irrigation pipe (19);
the water pipe (3) is wound on the winding drum (11), the front end of the water pipe (3) is communicated with the drip irrigation pipe (19), the rear end of the water pipe (3) bypasses the guide roller (8) and then is communicated with the water source (1), and the water pipe (3) between the winding drum (11) and the guide roller (8) is arranged between the normally-open proximity switch (10) and the normally-closed switch (9);
the pressure pump (2) is arranged on the water pipe (3) close to the water source (1) and used for increasing the water pressure;
and the forward rotation button (5), the reverse rotation button (6) and the switch button (32) are used for controlling the motor (17) to operate, and the normally open proximity switch (10) and the normally closed proximity switch (9) are connected in parallel and then are connected in series with the switch button (32).
2. The summer peanut planting method with high straw utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that a push rod (7) is fixed at the rear end of the bottom plate (25), a push handle (4) is fixed on the push rod (7), and the forward rotation button (5), the reverse rotation button (6) and the switch button (32) are all arranged on the push rod (7).
3. The summer peanut planting method with high straw utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that a switch valve (15) is arranged on the water pipe (3) between the winding drum (11) and the drip irrigation pipe (19).
4. The summer peanut planting method with high straw utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that a reinforcing rod (21) is fixed on the drip irrigation rack (18), and the reinforcing rod (21) is obliquely arranged.
5. The summer peanut planting method with high straw utilization efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the two front wheels (24) and the distance between the two rear wheels (28) are equal, and are 150-180 cm.
6. The summer peanut planting method with efficient straw utilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the compound fertilizer is 18-18-18 type compound fertilizer.
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