CN110016532A - 一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺 - Google Patents
一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110016532A CN110016532A CN201811585636.1A CN201811585636A CN110016532A CN 110016532 A CN110016532 A CN 110016532A CN 201811585636 A CN201811585636 A CN 201811585636A CN 110016532 A CN110016532 A CN 110016532A
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- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- natural gas
- molten
- reduction
- carbon
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron(III) oxide Chemical compound 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- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 241000251734 Torpedo Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910005084 FexOy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound 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[Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003139 buffering Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000023298 conjugation with cellular fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
Abstract
本发明提供一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其包括以下步骤:S1、选取含C量为10‑20%氧化铁球团作为原料;S2、利用天然气加热炉对氧化铁球团进行还原,将温度控制在在1050‑1200℃,炉底吹入天然气,炉底吹入天然气的压力控制在1000‑3000pa/cm2,S3、分批加入物料,每批物料层的厚度控制在100‑200mm,每批物料层的加热时间为20‑‑30min,在对每批物料层进行加热时,在天然气加热炉的上部以2‑20m3/h通入天然气,炉体内的压力控制在100‑300pa,S4、熔分炼钢。本发明提供碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其能够使用天然气代替煤或焦炭,不会产生大量固体废渣并减少SO2,NOx等废气,能够很好的保护环境,适合大规模推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及炼钢领域,具体地涉及一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺。
背景技术
现代主体炼钢生产中普遍采用高炉炼铁-转炉/电炉-连铸工艺,高炉炼铁一般包括球团和烧结、炼焦、高炉炼铁三大工序,是钢铁生产中能耗、污染最大的,投资也较大。
有些采用非高炉炼铁--炼钢-连铸工艺,在非高炉炼铁中.主要采用气基竖炉,煤基竖炉,煤基迥转窑,煤基隧道窑,转底炉等生产直接还原铁--电炉-连铸工艺。
有的采用熔融还原炼铁--炼钢-连铸工艺(COREX,FINEX工艺).熔融还原与高炉炼铁相比,优势主要是以煤代焦,技术上最大困难也在这里。目前国际上流行的多是将DRI(苴接还原铁)和熔分分别在两座竖炉进行的两步法,避开了煤强度不足的难题;但因工艺流程长,工程投资大,燃料比高,与高炉炼铁相比无明显优势,在我国发展很难,COREX把高炉这一座竖炉分为DRI竖炉和熔分竖炉两座,FINEX虽然可以直接使用铁矿粉,但在流化床(竖炉)将铁矿粉还原后,也需再经压块,方进入缓冲和熔分两座竖炉,工艺流程更长。这样的工艺虽然也能生产出铁水,但仍消耗一定量焦炭,而且燃料比增加。
气基竖炉还原中,气基法竖炉DRI无需炼焦,但天然气消耗太高,耗天然气约400m3/t,对转换天然气(H2+CO)要求高温(950℃)高压(0.2Mpa左右/cm2),而且对高温高压气(H2+CO)要进行重整才能回用。
煤基竖炉,煤基迥转窑,煤基隧道窑中需用原煤生产DRI(400-800kg/t).煤基转底炉虽然以天然气加热高C氧化铁球团还原,但只能生产金属化率约85%的DRI与电炉/矿热炉配套炼铁。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其能够使用天然气代替煤炭,大量减少废气废渣的产生,能够很好的保护环境,适合大规模推广。同时,在炼钢过程中,利用天然气和富氧气空气联合进行加热,既可以直接炼钢,也可以先还原再炼钢,工艺简单,环境友好。
具体的,本发明提供一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其包括以下步骤,
S1、选取含C量为10-20%氧化铁球团作为原料;
S2、利用天然气加热炉对氧化铁球团进行加热还原,将温度控制在在1050-1200℃,炉底吹入天然气,炉底吹入天然气的压力控制在1000-3000pa/cm2,高温时对氧化铁球团进行还原的反应式如下,
CH4-H2+C
C+O2-CO
FexOy+CO--Fe+CO2
FexOy+H2-Fe+H2O;
S3、分批加入物料,每批物料层的厚度控制在100-200mm,每批物料层的加热时间为20--30min,在对每批物料层进行加热时,为保持炉内呈还原性气氛,在天然气加热炉的上部以2-20m3/h通入天然气,炉体内的压力控制在100-300pa;
S4、熔分炼钢,通过炉体上部的加料口加入相应的冶金炉料,进行熔分炼钢,熔炼好的钢液经出钢口流入钢水中间包和连铸中间包,之后经水平连铸机拉坯生产连铸坯,完成冶金过程。
其中,富O2助燃热空气+天然气经比例调节燃烧器的高温焰气,通过炉顶反射对物料进行辐射加热,最高温度可达1700℃。根据物料和工艺进行控制。
优选的,所述天然气加热炉包括炉体以及设置,所述炉体内部设置有加热区、还原区以及熔池,所述加热区设置在炉体的上部,还原区以及熔池设置在所述炉体的下部,在所述炉体外下部设置水冷却壁。
优选地,所述炉体的上部开设有多个气体吹入口,所述多个气体吹路口的配置用于吹入富O2热空气与天然气或保护气体。
优选的,所述炉体的上部设置有多个进料口,所述进料口设置有能打开或关闭的挡板,所述挡板的中间位置设置有转轴,所述挡板能够绕所述转轴进行旋转,在不受力时,所述挡板处于水平状态以使所述进料口关闭,当所述挡板受力时,所述挡板能够绕所述转轴旋转一定角度以使进料口打开。
优选的,所述炉体的上部均匀设置有多个比例调节阀。
优选地,所述炉体的上部均匀设置有多个比例调节燃烧器,所述比例调节燃烧器呈对称沿加热区切向均布,所述比例调节燃烧器的配置用于使高温焰气呈蜗流状对物料快速加热。
优选地,所述炉体上部设置有换热器以及烟气回收装置。
优选地,在所述钢水中间包和连铸中间包下部各安装1个吹气装置,所述吹气装置的配置用于吹入Ar/N2对钢水搅拌。
优选地,所述炉体为圆形,所述炉体的炉内直径为1-10m,炉内高度为2-5m,炉体下部的还原区及熔池的高度为1-2m,炉体上部的加热区高度为1-3m。
优选地,所述炉体为长方形。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其能够使用天然气代替煤炭,不会产生废渣,并且能够减少硫化物、氮氧化物等废气的产生,能够很好的保护环境,适合大规模推广。同时,在炼钢过程中,采用天然气和富O2助燃热空气加热,既可以直接炼钢,也可以先还原再炼钢,工艺简单,节省投资,容易实现规模化生产,环境友好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的天然气加热炉的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将参考附图详细说明本发明的示例性实施例、特征和方面。附图中相同的附图标记表示功能相同或相似的元件。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面,但是除非特别指出,不必按比例绘制附图。
具体的,本发明提供一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,如图2所示,其包括以下步骤,
S1、选取含C量为10-20%氧化铁球团作为原料;
S2、利用天然气加热炉对氧化铁球团进行加热还原,将温度控制在在1050-1200℃,炉底吹入天然气,炉底吹入天然气的压力控制在1000-3000pa/cm2,对氧化铁球团进行还原的反应式如下,
CH4-H2+C,在反应中通过该公式进行天然气裂解。
C+O2-CO该反应式中的C包括含C量为10-20%氧化铁球团中的C。
FexOy+CO--Fe+CO2
FexOy+H2-Fe+H2O;
S3、分批加入物料,每批物料层的厚度控制在100-200mm,每批物料层的加热时间为 20--30min,在对每批物料层进行加热时,为保持炉内呈还原性气氛,在天然气加热炉的上部以2-20m3/h通入天然气,炉体内的压力控制在100-300pa,本工序将氧化铁球团还原成金属化球团。
S4、熔分炼钢,通过炉体上部的加料口通过上部加料口加入相应的冶金炉料,进行熔分炼钢,熔炼好的钢液经出钢口流入钢水中间包和连铸中间包,之后经水平连铸机拉坯生产连铸坯,完成冶金过程。
其中,富O2助燃热空气+天然气经比例调节燃烧器的高温焰气,通过炉顶反射对物料进行辐射加热,最高温度可达1700℃.根据物料和工艺进行控制。
金属化球团熔分前后,可通过上部加料口加入相应的冶金炉料(如CaO或CaF2),并适时加入铁合金(SiFe..等)实行炼钢过程.在需要调整钢水中含C/O时,可加入低金属化率(含FeO 高)的金属化球团或含C高的金属化球团,也可以通过炉底吹O2调整钢水中含C/O。
全工艺过程采用富O2+天然气经比例调节燃烧器的高温焰气,通过炉顶反射对物料进行辐射加热无粉尘,环境友好.容易实现规模化生产。
本发明提供还提供一种天然气加热炉,如图1所示,天然气加热炉包括炉体1以及设置在炉体1下部的水冷却壁2,炉体1内部设置有加热区、还原区以及熔池,加热区设置在炉体1的上部,还原区以及熔池设置在炉体1的下部。炉体1内部放入金属化球团100,水冷却壁2的两侧设置有喷冷却水口4,炉体的右侧设置有排渣口5。
优选的,炉体1的两个侧部开设有多个气体吹入口3,多个气体吹入口3的配置用于吹入天然气或保护气体。
优选的,炉体1的上部设置有多个进料口6,进料口设置有能打开或关闭的挡板,挡板的中间位置设置有转轴,挡板能够绕转轴进行旋转,在不受力时,挡板处于水平状态以使进料口关闭,当挡板受力时,挡板能够绕转轴旋转一定角度以使进料口打开。炼制好的钢液由炉体底部的出钢口7流出,进入钢水包9,之后进入连铸中间包10,并依次经过结晶器11和水平连铸机12,得到连铸钢坯。
优选地,在钢水包9和连铸中间包10下部各安装1个吹气装置13,吹气装置13的配置用于吹入Ar/N2对钢水搅拌。
优选的,炉体1的上部均匀设置有多个比例调节阀。
优选地,炉体1的上部均匀设置有多个比例调节燃烧器16,所比例调节燃烧器呈对称沿加热区切向均布,比例调节燃烧器的配置用于使高温焰气呈蜗流状对物料快速加热。
优选地,炉体1上部设置有换热器14以及烟气回收装置15,烟气通过换热器对物料和空气进行预热(100--500℃),再进烟气净化处理系统回收ZnO等。
在该实施例中,炉体为圆形,炉体的炉内直径为1-10m,炉内高度为2-5m,炉体下部为还原区及熔池,高度为1.0.-2.0m,上部为加热区,高度为1.0-3m。
在另一个实施例中,也可以选择长方形炉体。
具体实施例一,利用该加热炉熔炼普通废钢或海绵铁,此炼钢过程不需要通入天然气,其包括以下步骤:
S1、选取熔炼用废钢;
炉内熔化时温度为1580℃x1.5h。
S2、熔分炼钢,通过炉体上部的加料口通过上部加料口加入相应的冶金炉料,进行熔分炼钢,熔炼好的钢液经出钢口流入钢水中间包和连铸中间包,之后经水平连铸机拉坯生产连铸坯,完成冶金过程。
熔炼废钢得到的钢液的成分表如表1所示:
表1:废钢熔化的钢液:主要成分如下表:(%)
样品 | Fe | C | Si | Mn | P |
001 | 余量 | 0.167 | 0.019 | 0.035 | 0.013 |
样品 | S | Al | Cu | Ni | Cr |
001 | 0.013 | <0.001 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.023 |
具体实施例二:利用该加热炉进行天然气联合还原冶炼:
S1、首先制备高C氧化铁球团:
原材料:Fe精矿粉(Fe≥68%,S:0.036,P:0.025)+水+12%的石墨(99.5%)+球团粘结剂2%进行造球(¢40mm)-干燥(150℃)。每次加料时加入2%的CaO和CaF2的混合物,其中CaO为60%,CaF2为40%。
S2、利用天然气加热炉对氧化铁球团进行加热还原,炉底吹入天然气,炉底吹入天然气的压力控制在1000-3000pa/cm2,对氧化铁球团进行还原的反应式如下,
CH4-H2+C
C+O2-CO
FexOy+CO--Fe+CO2
FexOy+H2-Fe+H2O;
S3、分批加入物料,每批物料层的厚度控制在100-200mm,每批物料层的加热时间为20min,在对每批物料层进行加热时,为保持炉内呈还原性气氛,在天然气加热炉的上部以 10m3/h通入天然气,炉体内的压力控制在300pa;在炉内还原温度1150℃下还原3h,熔化时温度为1580℃下熔化1.5h。
S4、熔分炼钢,通过炉体上部的加料口通过上部加料口加入相应的冶金炉料,进行熔分炼钢,熔炼好的钢液经出钢口流入钢水中间包和连铸中间包,之后经水平连铸机拉坯生产连铸坯,完成冶金过程。
金属化球团熔分前后,可通过上部加料口加入相应的冶金炉料(如CaO或CaF2),并适时加入铁合金(SiFe..等)实行炼钢过程.在需要调整钢水中含C/O时,可加入低金属化率(含FeO 高)的金属化球团或含C高的金属化球团。
使用高C氧化铁球团还原冶炼得到的钢液的成分表如2所示:
表2使用高C氧化铁球团还原冶炼,钢液主要成分如下表:(%)
最后应说明的是:以上所述的各实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:其包括以下步骤,
S1、选取含C量为10-20%氧化铁球团作为原料;
S2、利用天然气加热炉对氧化铁球团进行加热还原,将温度控制在在1050-1200℃,炉底吹入天然气,炉底吹入天然气的压力控制在1000-3000pa/cm2,高温时对氧化铁球团进行还原的反应式如下,
CH4-H2+C
C+O2-CO
FexOy+CO--Fe+CO2
FexOy+H2--Fe+H2O;
S3、分批加入物料,每批物料层的厚度控制在100-200mm,每批物料层的加热时间为20--30min,在对每批物料层进行加热时,为保持炉内呈还原性气氛,在天然气加热炉的上部以2-20m3/h通入天然气,炉体内的压力控制在100-300pa;
S4、熔分炼钢,通过炉体上部的加料口加入相应的冶金炉辅料,进行熔分炼钢,熔炼好的钢液经出钢口流入钢水中间包和连铸中间包,之后经水平连铸机拉坯生产连铸坯,完成冶金过程。
2.根据权利要求4所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:炉体内最高温度为1700℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:所述天然气加热炉包括炉体以及设置,所述炉体内部设置有加热区、还原区以及熔池,所述加热区设置在炉体的上部,还原区以及熔池设置在所述炉体的下部,在所述炉体外下部设置水冷却壁。
4.根据权利要求3所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:所述炉体的上部开设有多个气体吹入口,所述多个气体吹路口的配置用于吹入富O2热空气与天然气或保护气体。
5.根据权利要求3所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:所述炉体的上部设置有多个进料口,所述进料口设置有能打开或关闭的挡板,所述挡板的中间位置设置有转轴,所述挡板能够绕所述转轴进行旋转,在不受力时,所述挡板处于水平状态以使所述进料口关闭,当所述挡板受力时,所述挡板能够绕所述转轴旋转一定角度以使进料口打开。
6.根据权利要求3所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:所述炉体的上部均匀设置有多个比例调节燃烧器,所述比例调节燃烧器呈对称沿加热区切向均布,所述比例调节燃烧器的配置用于使高温焰气呈蜗流状对物料快速加热。
7.根据权利要求3所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:所述炉体上部设置有换热器以及烟气回收装置。
8.根据权利要求3所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:在所述钢水中间包和连铸中间包下部各安装有1个吹气装置,所述吹气装置的配置用于吹入Ar/N2对钢水搅拌。
9.根据权利要求3所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:所述炉体为圆形,所述炉体的炉内直径为1-10m,炉内高度为2-5m,炉体下部的还原区及熔池的高度为1-2m,炉体上部的加热区高度为1-3m。
10.根据权利要求3所述的碳和天然气联合还原及熔分的一体化炼钢工艺,其特征在于:所述炉体还可以为长方形。
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Application publication date: 20190716 |
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