CN110015753A - High-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor and method for treating domestic black water - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor for treating domestic black water, comprising a water inlet tank, an anaerobic baffle plate reactor body, a constant temperature water bath box, a gas collecting pipe, a mud discharge pipe and a water outlet tank; The water inlet tank is connected to the front end of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body; the anaerobic baffle plate reactor body is provided with a compartment; the anaerobic baffle plate reactor body is provided with a constant temperature water bath; The end of the baffle reactor body is connected to the water outlet. The biogas produced in the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation process of the present invention is used as household energy after dehydration and other treatments; the high-efficiency anaerobic treatment removes a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs in the black water, so that the black water reaches the harmless sanitation standard; The conversion rate of organic nitrogen is increased, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen that converts organic nitrogen into bio-available nitrogen increases; the efficient anaerobic reaction removes a large amount of organic matter, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are completely retained, and the harmless black water with high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus is collected by the outlet tank It can be directly returned to the field as organic fertilizer.

Description

High-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor and method for treating domestic black water

technical field

The invention belongs to a sewage treatment method in the field of environmental engineering, and relates to a high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor for separation of rural domestic sewage sources from black water solar energy and electric compensation heating medium temperature treatment, and black water treatment and resource utilization for rural domestic sewage source separation.

technical background

With the development of the concept of environmental protection, more and more people realize that domestic sewage can be fully utilized as a resource. Domestic sewage is divided into gray water and black water. Black water refers to urine, feces and toilet flushing water. Black water is characterized by high concentration of organic matter, high suspended solids, and a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. COD, about 90% nitrogen, more than 50% phosphorus and most of the pathogenic microorganisms come from black water. Black water is difficult to treat and the treatment cost is relatively high. Therefore, in order to reduce the treatment cost and realize the recycling of sewage, the rural domestic sewage source is separated, that is, the rural domestic sewage is collected and processed separately as gray water and black water, and various nutrients in the black water are utilized as resources.

At present, the anaerobic and aerobic treatment of black water mainly focuses on the removal of organic matter, and the recovery and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus is still in the primary stage. The resource utilization of black water is mainly the separation and utilization of solid components such as feces. The resource utilization of , almost no research has been done. Manure is a high-quality fertilizer source and soil conditioner, and has a long history of utilization in my country. Due to the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers and the reduction of the nutrient content of manure caused by flushing toilets with water, the agricultural utilization rate of manure in my country has dropped sharply, and the national manure harmless treatment rate is less than 10%.

In Europe and the United States, anaerobic treatment is considered to be one of the most promising treatments for future sustainable development. Anaerobic digestion technology can produce biogas and can be recycled. It has the functions of developing new energy, saving energy, realizing the recycling of some nutrients, purifying sewage, etc. It also has the advantages of low treatment cost and suitable for treating high-concentration organic wastewater. It has outstanding economic and environmental benefits. Using anaerobic technology to treat black water is a method suitable for economic development and environmental protection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor for the separation of black water from rural domestic sewage sources and the treatment of medium temperature by electric compensation heating.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating black water from rural domestic sewage sources.

Technical scheme: a high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor for treating domestic black water according to the present invention includes a water inlet tank, an anaerobic baffle reactor body, a constant temperature water bath box, a gas collecting pipe, and a sludge discharge pipe and the water outlet tank; wherein, the water inlet tank is connected to the front end of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body; the anaerobic baffle plate reactor body is provided with compartments, which are separated from each other by vertical guide plates, except for the first The downward flow chambers of the compartments are filled with light composite packings. The upward flow chambers of each compartment are equipped with sludge discharge pipes and valves. The top of each compartment is equipped with a gas collecting port to communicate with the gas collecting pipe, and every chamber is equipped with sampling. The anaerobic baffle reactor body is provided with a constant temperature water bath box; the end of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor body is connected to a water outlet.

The water inlet tank is located at the front end of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body, and is used to collect black water separated from rural domestic sewage sources. The water tank plays the role of collecting black water and uniformizing the water quality and quantity to ensure the continuous and stable operation of the system.

The inlet water tank and the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body are provided with an inlet pump, and the hydraulic retention time of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor is controlled to be 120h-180h by adjusting the flow rate of the inlet pump.

The anaerobic baffled reactor is provided with 5 compartments, which are separated by vertical baffles. Except for the downward flow part of the first compartment, the light composite filler is filled, and the filling rate of the light composite filler is about 40%. The upstream part of each compartment is provided with a mud discharge pipe and a valve, the top of each compartment is provided with a gas collection port, and each compartment is provided with a sampling port. Among them, the lightweight composite filler is developed on the basis of soft filler and semi-soft filler. Press on the ring of the ring to distribute the fiber bundles evenly; the inner ring is a snowflake-shaped plastic branch, which can not only hang the film, but also effectively cut the air bubbles.

The hot water of the solar water heater is transported to the constant temperature water bath by the circulating water pump to heat the anaerobic baffle plate reactor, so as to ensure that the reaction temperature in the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor is between 35°C and 38°C. When the temperature is higher than 38°C, the circulating water pump is turned off to not deliver hot water from the solar water heater; when the temperature is lower than 35°C, the circulating water pump is turned on to deliver hot water from the solar water heater.

The guaranteed high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor has a reaction temperature of 35°C to 38°C. In the case of a solar water heater, the hot water from the solar water heater is transported through a circulating water pump to maintain the reaction temperature at 35°C to 38°C; in the case of no solar energy , heating the constant temperature water bath by electric compensation heating to control the reaction temperature of the anaerobic baffled reactor at 35°C to 38°C.

The electric compensation heating consumes less energy, and the amount of black water separated from the rural domestic sewage source is relatively small, accounting for only 1/8 to 1/10 of the rural domestic sewage. Calculated at 20L/d per capita, the amount of black water produced by a family of three in one day is relatively small. For 60L, the amount of water heated by electric compensation is relatively small, and it does not need to consume too much electricity.

The said constant temperature water bath box is surrounded by foam boards with a thickness of about 2cm to 3cm, and the top is closed with foam boards to reduce heat loss and ensure energy saving of the device.

The gas collecting pipe connects the gas collecting ports, and is used to collect the biogas produced by the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor anaerobic, and use it as household energy after dehydration and other treatments.

The water outlet box is located at the end of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor, and is used to collect the black water effluent that has been anaerobic treated by the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor.

Valves and pumps are installed on the above-mentioned communication pipes according to the actual situation. For example, the water inlet tank and the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body are connected by an inlet water pump, and a circulating water pump and the like are connected between the solar water heater and the constant temperature water bath.

The invention also discloses a method for treating domestic black water by utilizing the above-mentioned high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor, comprising the following steps:

(1) Collect domestic black water through the water inlet tank, conduct homogenization treatment, and adjust pH to 6.0 to 8.0;

(2) Pour the black water in the water inlet tank into the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body, enter the compartment, adjust the temperature of the constant temperature water bath to 35 ℃ ~ 38 ℃, stay for 120h ~ 180h, and pass the sampling port during the reaction process Sampling is carried out for real-time monitoring, and the biogas produced by the reaction is discharged through the gas collecting pipe;

(3) After the reaction is completed, the treated effluent is discharged into the water outlet tank, and is directly returned to the field as a natural high nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for crops, and the treated solids are discharged through the mud discharge pipe.

The COD concentration of black water separated from rural sewage sources ranges from 2000mg/L to 3500mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration ranges from 160mg/L to 340mg/L. The amount of black water only accounts for 1/8 to 1/10 of rural domestic sewage. Calculated at 20L/d per capita, the daily black water volume is 60L, which is relatively small. In the present invention, the temperature of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor is controlled at 35°C to 38°C, the residence time of black water is between 120h and 180h, and the pH is controlled between 6.0 and 8.0. Acid-producing bacteria, methanogenic bacteria and ammonia-forming bacteria all maintain a certain activity between pH 6.0 and 8.0. As a result, the ammoniation reaction rate of the anaerobic process is relatively high, and the concentration of organic nitrogen converted into usable effective nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen) increases. %～50%, the maximum rate of ammoniation reaction is close to 50%. The high-efficiency anaerobic reaction removes a large amount of organic matter, and the high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor can remove COD up to more than 80%. Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are completely retained, and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in black water effluent is relatively high. The high-efficiency anaerobic reaction removes most pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs, and the black water meets the national standard for fecal harmless hygiene. The biogas produced in the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation process is collected by the gas collector, dehydrated and used as household energy. The black water effluent that contains high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and has been harmlessly treated by anaerobic ammonium is collected in the water outlet tank and returned directly to the field as a natural high nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for crops to improve soil fertility.

The realization principle of the present invention is as follows: the present invention is aimed at the treatment and resource utilization of black water separated from rural domestic sewage sources. COD concentration to purify black water, kill pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs in black water, achieve harmless treatment of black water, generate and collect biogas for household energy by anaerobic reaction, and convert organic nitrogen into ammoniated nitrogen that can be used in effective form. The reaction increases the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the black water, and finally the harmless black water containing high nitrogen and phosphorus is directly returned to the field, which is used as a natural high nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for crops to improve soil fertility.

Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of the present invention are:

(1) In the case of a solar water heater, the hot water from the solar water heater is transported to a constant temperature water bath by a circulating water pump to heat the anaerobic baffle plate reactor to ensure that the reaction temperature in the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle plate reactor is between 35℃～ 38℃, energy saving; in the case of no solar water heater, the constant temperature water bath box is heated by the electric compensation heating method to control the reaction temperature of the anaerobic baffle plate reactor at 35℃～38℃, and the electric compensation heats the water and consumes less energy. A foam board with a thickness of about 2-3cm is attached around the constant temperature water bath, and the top is closed with a foam board to reduce heat loss and save energy.

(2) The conditions of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor are controlled as follows: the temperature is 35℃～38℃, the hydraulic retention time HRT of the anaerobic baffled reactor is 120h～180h, the pH is 6.0～8.0, the acid-producing bacteria, Methanogens and ammoniating bacteria maintain a certain activity within this adaptation range, so as to ensure the removal of organic matter, the killing of pathogenic bacteria, the production of biogas and the reaction rate of ammoniation. The influent COD concentration is 2000mg/L～3500mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 160mg/L～340mg/L. At this time, the COD removal rate of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor exceeds 80%, and the maximum ammoniation reaction rate is close to 50%.

(3) The high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor completely retains nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, and because of the anaerobic ammonium reaction, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the conversion of organic nitrogen into biologically available nitrogen increases, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content is high and harmless. The transformed black water can be directly returned to the fields as a natural nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for crops to improve soil fertility.

(4) When the high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor is used for high-efficiency anaerobic treatment of black water, biogas is generated, which is collected through the gas collector and dehydrated and used as household energy to provide residents with some living materials and save energy. expenditure.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor of the present application.

Detailed ways

The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor for treating domestic black water includes a water inlet tank 1, an anaerobic baffled reactor body 2, a constant temperature water bath box 3, a gas collecting pipe 4, a discharge The mud pipe 5 and the water outlet tank 6; wherein, the water inlet tank 1 is connected to the front end of the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body 2; the anaerobic baffle plate reactor body 2 is provided with a compartment 8, which is guided vertically between them. The flow plates 9 are separated, except that the downward flow chamber of the first compartment is filled with light composite fillers, the upper and lower flow chambers of each compartment 8 are provided with sludge discharge pipes and valves, and the top of each compartment 8 is equipped with a gas collection port The gas collecting pipe 4 is communicated, and every chamber is provided with a sampling port 7; the anaerobic baffle reactor body 2 is provided with a constant temperature water bath box 3; The lightweight composite material filled in the compartment 8 is developed on the basis of soft filler and semi-soft filler. The polyester filament is pressed on the ring of the ring, so that the fiber bundles are evenly distributed; the inner ring is a snowflake-shaped plastic branch, which can not only hang the film, but also effectively cut the air bubbles, and the filling rate of the lightweight composite filler is about 40%. The constant temperature water bath box 3 is heated by the solar energy 14 and/or the electric compensation heating device 13, and the temperature is maintained at 35°C to 38°C. A foam board 10 with a thickness of about 2 cm to 3 cm is attached around the constant temperature water bath box 3 , and the top is closed with the foam board 10 . The inlet water tank 1 and the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body 2 are connected by an inlet water pump 11 , and a circulating water pump 12 is connected between the solar water heater 14 and the constant temperature water bath tank 3 .

Example 2

The high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor of Example 1 is used to treat domestic black water, and the COD concentration is 2000mg/L～3500mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 160mg/L～340mg/L separated from the rural domestic sewage source to be treated. The processing method includes the following steps:

(1) Collect domestic black water through the water inlet tank, conduct homogenization treatment, and adjust pH to 6.0 to 8.0;

(2) Pour the black water in the water inlet tank into the high-efficiency anaerobic baffle reactor body, enter the compartment, adjust the temperature of the constant temperature water bath to 35 ℃ ~ 38 ℃, stay for 120h ~ 180h, and pass the sampling port during the reaction process Sampling is carried out for real-time monitoring, and the biogas produced by the reaction is discharged through the gas collecting pipe;

(3) After the reaction is completed, the treated effluent is discharged into the water outlet tank, and is directly returned to the field as a natural high nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for crops, and the treated solids are discharged through the mud discharge pipe.

Finally, the concentration range of ammonia nitrogen in water is 190mg/L～480mg/L, the rate of ammoniation reaction is 20%～50%, and the maximum reaction rate of ammoniation is close to 50%. The high-efficiency anaerobic reaction removes a large amount of organic matter, and the high-efficiency anaerobic baffled reactor can remove COD up to more than 80%. Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are completely retained, and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in black water effluent is relatively high. The high-efficiency anaerobic reaction removes most pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs, and the black water meets the national standard for fecal harmless hygiene. The biogas produced in the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation process is collected by the gas collector, dehydrated and used as household energy. The black water effluent that contains high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus and has been harmlessly treated by anaerobic ammonium is collected in the water outlet tank and returned directly to the field as a natural high nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for crops to improve soil fertility.

In summary, the biogas produced in the high-efficiency anaerobic fermentation process is collected by the gas collector, dehydrated and used as household energy; the high-efficiency anaerobic treatment removes a large number of pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs in the black water, so that the black water reaches the national standard. Hygienic standards; the rate of ammonification of black water is increased, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the conversion of organic nitrogen into bio-available nitrogen is increased; the efficient anaerobic reaction removes a large amount of organic matter, and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are completely retained, which is harmless and contains high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. The black water collected in the water tank can be directly returned to the field as a natural organic fertilizer for crops. The present invention has been verified by repeated tests, and the application effect is satisfactory.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of for handling the efficient anaerobic baffled reactor in life Heisui River, which is characterized in that rolled over including inlet tank, anaerobism Flowing plate reactor body, constant water bath box, gas collecting tube, sludge pipe and water tank；Wherein, inlet tank is connected to efficient anaerobic baffling Plate reactor body front end；It is equipped with compartment in anaerobic baffled reactor ontology, is separated between each other by vertical deflector, except the Lightweight composite filling is loaded under one compartment to outside flow chamber, each compartment upward flow room divides into sludge pipe and valve, each compartment top Portion is respectively arranged with collection port connected set tracheae, and every compartment is equipped with sample tap；The anaerobic baffled reactor ontology is externally provided with Constant water bath box；Efficient anaerobic baffled reactor body tip connects water tank.

2. according to claim 1 for handling the efficient anaerobic baffled reactor in life Heisui River, which is characterized in that institute Lightweight combined material filling rate is stated 30%~50%.

3. according to claim 1 for handling the efficient anaerobic baffled reactor in life Heisui River, which is characterized in that institute Constant water bath box is stated to heat by solar energy and/or electronic compensating.

4. according to claim 1 for handling the efficient anaerobic baffled reactor in life Heisui River, which is characterized in that institute It states constant water bath box surrounding and sticks the cystosepiment that thickness is about 2cm~3cm thickness, top is closed with cystosepiment.

5. using the method in the efficient anaerobic baffled reactor processing life Heisui River any in claim 1-4, feature It is, comprising the following steps:

(1) by inlet tank collect Sheng Huo ?water, carry out homogenize process, and adjust pH6.0~8.0；

(2) Heisui River in inlet tank is pumped into efficient anaerobic baffled reactor ontology, into compartment, adjusts constant water bath box Temperature is 35 DEG C~38 DEG C, stops reaction 120h~180h, is sampled in reaction process by sample tap and carry out real-time monitoring, reaction The biogas of generation is discharged by gas collecting tube；

(3) after reaction, water outlet is discharged into water tank, natural high nitrogenous-phosphatic manure of the direct returning to farmland as crops, place after processing Solid content is discharged by sludge pipe after reason.