CN110006994B - Nondestructive testing method for multiple defects in built building structure - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing method for multiple defects in built building structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nondestructive testing method for multiple defects in a built building structure, wherein an acceleration sensor is arranged on the exposed surface of a building to be tested; knocking the same part for multiple times by using a pulse hammer, obtaining shock waves through an acceleration sensor, carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on shock wave response signals, and obtaining the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and the measured values of modal vectors corresponding to the orders of frequencies; establishing a finite element model of a building structure, randomly putting defect information based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, and theoretically calculating the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and modal vectors corresponding to the orders of frequencies; constructing an objective function; and iteratively updating the defect information to minimize the objective function until convergence precision is reached, and inverting the number, position and size of the defects. The invention can quickly find the quantity, the position and the size of the internal defects of the built building structure through field test, solves the difficulty of nondestructive testing of the built building structure under complex conditions, and improves the service life and the durability of the building structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of health detection of civil and hydraulic engineering structures, in particular to a nondestructive detection method for multiple defects in a built building structure.
Background
Along with the construction of coastal large development, south-to-north water transfer engineering, river-to-river water channel, sea water channel and other water control engineering in Jiangsu, China, a plurality of hydraulic engineering (water locks, pump stations, ship locks and the like) and water transportation and ship building engineering (wharfs and docks) are built. Most of the structures belong to underground concealed engineering, and after construction is completed, the structures can be covered by subsequent construction in a whole manner or only a small part of the structures is exposed. The structures are effectively detected, possible defects in the building structures are quickly detected and repaired, and safe operation of the structures is guaranteed to be a crucial problem, and particularly, the aging and pathological changes of the water conservancy projects built before seventies are more serious due to long service time and quality problems in exploration, design and construction at that time. In actual use, structural water leakage and even project failure caused by internal defects of a plurality of projects do occur, for example, water leakage of a fused heavy construction dock wall body and a Nantong paradise dock project, longitudinal cracks and water seepage phenomena are found on a lining wall at the position of a ground connection wall joint, the use of the projects is greatly influenced, and potential safety hazards of the projects are also formed. For the quality detection of underground concealed engineering building structures, due to the limitations of construction and testing technical procedures and the like, the conventional structure defect detection technology is difficult to quickly find the internal defects (cracks) of the structures.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a nondestructive testing method for multiple defects in a built building structure, aiming at solving the problem that the internal defects of the built building structure in the prior art are difficult to detect.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for non-destructive inspection of multiple defects within a built building structure, comprising the steps of:
(1) arranging an acceleration sensor on the exposed surface of a building to be detected;
(2) using a pulse hammer to strike the same part of a building to be detected for multiple times, obtaining shock waves through an acceleration sensor, carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on shock wave response signals, and obtaining the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and the measured values of modal vectors corresponding to the orders of frequencies;
(3) establishing a finite element mesh model according to the geometric shape of a building to be detected;
(4) randomly putting defect information based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, wherein the defect information comprises positions, sizes and numbers, and calculating the first 3-5 orders of frequencies of the building to be detected and calculation values of modal vectors corresponding to the orders of frequencies based on an extended finite element theory;
(5) constructing a target function based on a frequency residual error and a mode guarantee criterion according to the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and the measured value and the calculated value of the mode vector corresponding to each order of frequency;
(6) and iteratively updating the released defect information through an intelligent optimization algorithm to minimize the objective function until convergence precision is reached, and performing the quantity, the position and the size of the defects in the building structure to be detected in a reverse mode.
Further, the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(11) estimating the number of the maximum defects existing in the structure to be N, the number of parameters to be inverted of each defect to be M, and determining that the number of the acceleration sensors is equal to or greater than NxM;
(12) surveying a building to be detected on site, determining the positions of measuring points of an acceleration sensor, recording the positions of the measuring points and numbering;
(13) plaster is coated at each measuring point position to be used as adhesive, and an acceleration sensor is installed.
Further, the step (12) comprises: if the position of the defect can be predicted, arranging acceleration sensors at equal intervals on the periphery of the defect; if the location of the defect cannot be predicted, acceleration sensors are arranged at equal intervals at the outer boundary of the structure.
Further, in the step (3), when the finite element mesh model is established according to the geometric shape of the building to be detected, the geometric characteristics of the internal defects of the structure are not considered, and the geometric boundary conditions consistent with the field conditions are applied.
Further, in the step (3), when the finite element mesh model is established, the measuring point positions of the acceleration sensor are used as unit nodes of the finite element mesh.
Further, in the step (5), an objective function O (theta) is constructed based on the frequency residual and the mode guarantee criterion
In the formula, | · the luminance | |2Represents the 2-norm of the vector; NF and NM are the frequency order and the modal number, respectively, used to calculate the objective function value;
and
respectively calculating and measuring the ith order frequency;
and
respectively, the calculated value and the measured value of the mode corresponding to the j-th order frequency.
Further, in the step (2), the same part of the building to be detected is knocked at least three times by using a pulse hammer.
Has the advantages that: the nondestructive testing method for the internal defects of the built building structure can quickly find the number, the positions and the sizes of the internal defects (cracks) of the built building structure through field testing, solve the difficulty of nondestructive testing of the built building structure under complex conditions and improve the service life and the durability of the building structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a defect-containing structure and its response test;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a finite element mesh containing a defect structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for non-destructive inspection of multiple defects inside a built building structure comprises the following steps:
(1) arranging acceleration sensors on the exposed surface of a building to be detected, wherein the number of the acceleration sensors is determined and installed as follows:
(1.1) referring to fig. 2, the number of defects possibly existing in the structure is estimated to be 2 (defect 1 and defect 2), the number of parameters to be inverted of each defect (fitting by using an elliptical defect) is 5 (elliptical center coordinate, elliptical semi-major axis, elliptical semi-minor axis, elliptical inclination angle), the arrangement number of the acceleration sensors is equal to or greater than 10, and ten acceleration sensors are selected and arranged in the embodiment (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10).
(1.2) surveying the building to be detected on site, determining the measuring point positions of the acceleration sensors, wherein the measuring point positions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer boundary of the structure, and if the positions of the defects can be predicted, the acceleration sensors can be arranged at equal intervals on the periphery of the defects; recording the positions of the measuring points and numbering; in this embodiment, the description refers to fig. 2 and 3
And
which represents the boundary condition(s) of the device,
indicating the displacement of the constraint horizontal and vertical,
indicating displacement of the constraint vertical.
(1.3) coating plaster as adhesive at each measuring point position, and installing an acceleration sensor.
(2) Knocking the same part of a building to be detected at least three times by using a pulse hammer, obtaining shock waves with a wider frequency band through an acceleration sensor, carrying out spectrum analysis on shock wave response signals, and obtaining the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and the measured values of modal vectors corresponding to the orders of frequencies;
(3) referring to fig. 1, a numerical analysis model of the building structure is established again;
the method for establishing the numerical analysis model of the building structure comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 3, a finite element mesh model of a building structure is directly established according to the geometric shape of the building structure without considering the geometric characteristics (position, size, number) of internal defects, and geometric boundary conditions consistent with field conditions are applied; and taking the measuring point positions of the acceleration sensor as unit nodes of the finite element grid.
(4) Randomly putting defect information (position, size and number) based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, and calculating the first 3-5 orders of frequency of the building to be detected and the calculation value of the modal vector corresponding to each order of frequency based on an extended finite element theory;
for example: if the maximum defect number possibly existing in the structure is n, the parameter to be inverted of the ith defect is thetaiThen the parameter sets of n defects to be inverted are combined as
θ＝{θ1,θ2,θ3,…,θn}
When inverting the elliptical defect, the parameter theta to be invertediIs composed of
θi＝{xei,yei,ai,bi,βi}
Wherein (x)ei,yei) The coordinate of the center point of the ith elliptical defect; a isiIs the semimajor axis of the ith elliptical defect, biIs the semi-minor axis of the ith elliptical defect, β is the azimuth angle of the ith elliptical defect, i.e., the angle between the global coordinate system and the local coordinate system, by introducing the variable ki(the value of the variable can only be 0 or 1), the number of the defects is included in the inversion analysis process, and finally the parameter sets to be inverted are combined into
θ＝{θ1,κ1,θ2,κ2,θ3,κ3,…,θn,κn}
These variables θ ═ θ1,κ1,θ2,κ2,θ3,κ3,…,θn,κnThe initial values of the devices are all generated randomly through an intelligent optimization algorithm.
(5) Constructing a target function based on a frequency residual error and a mode guarantee criterion according to the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and the measured value and the calculated value of the mode vector corresponding to each order of frequency;
wherein the target function O (theta) constructed based on the frequency residual and the mode assurance criterion is
In the formula, | · the luminance | |2Represents the 2-norm of the vector; NF and NM are the frequency order and the modal number, respectively, used to calculate the objective function value;
and
respectively calculating and measuring the ith order frequency;
and
respectively, the calculated value and the measured value of the mode corresponding to the j-th order frequency.
(6) And iteratively updating the delivered defect information through an intelligent optimization algorithm to minimize the objective function until convergence precision is reached, wherein the updated defect information is the elliptical defect parameter to be inverted, so that the number, the position and the size of the defects in the building structure to be detected can be determined.
For example: when the artificial bee colony algorithm intelligent optimization algorithm is adopted to iteratively update the delivered defect information, the method mainly comprises three stages of a bee collecting search stage, an observation bee search stage and a reconnaissance bee search stage, wherein the delivered defect information is iteratively updated, namely an update parameter theta ═ theta1,κ1,θ2,κ2,θ3,κ3,…,θn,κnThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) and a bee collecting and searching stage. The bee is adopted to obtain an optimized solution vector by neighborhood search in the stage
The search formula is
In the formula, k takes the value of {1,2, …, n }, and k is not equal to i, and k and i are generated randomly;
is a random number between (-1, 1). According to the new position searched by the bee
And home position
And calculating a fitness function value f (theta), wherein f (theta) is 1/O (theta), if f (theta) calculated according to the new position is better, the position of the bee is updated to the new position, otherwise, the position is not changed.
(b) And (5) observing a bee searching stage. And selecting one bee according to the fitness value of the bee colony of the honey-collecting bees by the observation bees, searching for a new position in the neighborhood of the bee, and updating the position of the bee according to the same rule as the honey-collecting bees. The probability calculation formula of the honey source selected by the observers is as follows
(c) And a scout bee searching stage. When the searching times around the position of a certain bee reaches a certain limit value and no more optimal new position is searched, the bee is adopted to abandon the current honey source to become a scout bee and randomly generate a new honey source in a solution space.
Claims (7)
1. A method for non-destructive inspection of multiple defects within a built building structure, comprising the steps of:
(1) arranging an acceleration sensor on the exposed surface of a building to be detected;
(2) using a pulse hammer to strike the same part of a building to be detected for multiple times, obtaining shock waves through an acceleration sensor, carrying out frequency spectrum analysis on shock wave response signals, and obtaining the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and the measured values of modal vectors corresponding to the orders of frequencies;
(3) establishing a finite element mesh model according to the geometric shape of a building to be detected;
(4) randomly putting defect information based on an intelligent optimization algorithm, wherein the defect information comprises defect positions, sizes and numbers, and calculating the first 3-5 orders of frequencies of the building to be detected and calculation values of modal vectors corresponding to the orders of frequencies based on an extended finite element theory;
(5) constructing a target function based on a frequency residual error and a mode guarantee criterion according to the first 3-5 orders of frequencies and the measured value and the calculated value of the mode vector corresponding to each order of frequency;
(6) and iteratively updating the released defect information through an intelligent optimization algorithm to minimize the objective function until convergence precision is reached, and performing the quantity, the position and the size of the defects in the building structure to be detected in a reverse mode.
2. The method for the non-destructive inspection of the internal defects of a built building structure according to claim 1, wherein step (1) comprises:
(11) estimating the number of the maximum defects existing in the structure to be N, the number of parameters to be inverted of each defect to be M, and determining that the number of the acceleration sensors is equal to or greater than NxM;
(12) surveying a building to be detected on site, determining the positions of measuring points of an acceleration sensor, recording the positions of the measuring points and numbering;
(13) plaster is coated at each measuring point position to be used as adhesive, and an acceleration sensor is installed.
3. The method for the non-destructive inspection of the internal defects of a built building structure according to claim 2, wherein step (12) comprises: if the position of the defect can be predicted, arranging acceleration sensors at equal intervals on the periphery of the defect; if the location of the defect cannot be predicted, acceleration sensors are arranged at equal intervals at the outer boundary of the structure.
4. The method for nondestructive inspection of multiple defects inside a built building structure according to claim 1 wherein in step (3), the finite element mesh model is created according to the geometric configuration of the building to be inspected without considering the geometric characteristics of the defects inside the structure and applying geometric boundary conditions consistent with site conditions.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the positions of the measuring points of the acceleration sensor are used as the nodes of the finite element mesh when the finite element mesh model is established.
6. The method for nondestructive inspection of multiple defects inside a built building structure according to claim 1 wherein in step (5), an objective function O (θ) is constructed based on frequency residuals and modal assurance criteria
In the formula, | · the luminance | |2Represents the 2-norm of the vector; NF and NM are the frequency order and the modal number, respectively, used to calculate the objective function value;
and
respectively calculating and measuring the ith order frequency;
and
respectively, the calculated value and the measured value of the mode corresponding to the j-th order frequency.
7. The method for the non-destructive inspection of the internal defects of a built building structure according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the same portion of the building to be inspected is struck at least three times with a pulse hammer.
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