CN109945812B - Rotating shaft replacing mechanism and method for monitoring contact width of sealing area of rubber-plastic shaft seal - Google Patents

Rotating shaft replacing mechanism and method for monitoring contact width of sealing area of rubber-plastic shaft seal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109945812B
CN109945812B CN201910221409.9A CN201910221409A CN109945812B CN 109945812 B CN109945812 B CN 109945812B CN 201910221409 A CN201910221409 A CN 201910221409A CN 109945812 B CN109945812 B CN 109945812B
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shaft
guide shaft
rotating shaft
transparent guide
rubber
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CN109945812A (en
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张超
刘迪
王少萍
陈启航
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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Abstract

The invention provides a rotating shaft replacing mechanism and a method for monitoring contact width of a sealing area of a rubber-plastic shaft seal, and belongs to the field of rubber-plastic rotary sealing. The pivot is changed the mechanism and is included: the endoscope comprises a transparent guide shaft, a connecting shaft, a clamping block, a fastening screw and an endoscope; a method for monitoring the contact width of a sealing area of a rubber-plastic shaft seal comprises the following specific steps: during detection, the test bed and the motor are stopped, the fastening screws are loosened, and the matching body of the metal guide shaft and the connecting shaft is disassembled; replacing the metal guide shaft with a transparent guide shaft, and installing the transparent guide shaft and the connecting shaft matching body on the motor rotating shaft; measuring and adjusting the eccentricity of the rotating shaft; installing the endoscope inside the hollow pipeline of the transparent guide shaft; and starting the test bed and the motor to acquire data and calculate the contact width. The invention adopts the transparent guide shaft replacing mechanism, can adjust the eccentricity of the rotating shaft in real time, and simultaneously, the measurement of the contact width adopts non-contact on-line monitoring, thereby more truly fitting the actual working condition of the rubber-plastic shaft seal.

Description

Rotating shaft replacing mechanism and method for monitoring contact width of sealing area of rubber-plastic shaft seal
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rubber-plastic rotary sealing, in particular to a mechanism for replacing a rotating shaft.
Background
The rubber-plastic shaft seal is used as a common sealing element and widely applied to parts such as a gearbox, a drive axle and the like of engineering machinery. The sealing device mainly comprises a metal framework, a fastening spring and a sealing lip. The sealing mechanism is that the lip mouth has different included angles between the air side and the oil side, and the pumping effect is generated under the action of interference force to prevent the leakage of oil. Due to the interference fit between the rubber-plastic shaft seal and the rotating shaft, the lip of the shaft seal is inevitably deformed, so that a certain amount of contact width exists in a sealing area between the lip and the rotating shaft, and the contact width is usually 0.15-0.5 mm. The existence of the contact width enables the oil to form a stable lubricating oil film in a sealing area, the thickness of the film is usually 0.5-1.5 um, and the friction between a lip and a rotating shaft is reduced on the premise of ensuring that the shaft seal does not leak. If the contact width is too large, the larger the area of the lubricating oil film is, the smaller the thickness is, the better the sealing performance of the shaft seal is, but the more severe the wear of the lip is; if the contact width is too small, the area of the lubricating oil film becomes smaller, the thickness becomes higher, and the lubricating property of the shaft seal becomes better, but the sealing performance becomes relatively worse. As the seal wears with aging, the contact width of the lip gradually decreases, and therefore, in the performance degradation test of the rubber-plastic shaft seal, it is necessary to monitor the contact width of the sealing area.
For the measurement of the contact width of the sealing area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal, no mature test monitoring scheme exists at present, and the complex factors to be considered are as follows: (1) the magnitude of the contact width is small; (2) the rubber-plastic shaft seal is not large in size, so that the space of a test detection area is not large; (3) the test environment of the rubber-plastic shaft seal cannot be damaged in the monitoring process.
Disclosure of Invention
In the performance research of rubber and plastic shaft seals, the contact width of a sealing area directly influences the area and the thickness of a lubricating oil film, and then further influences the sealing property and the service life of the shaft seal. In consideration of the complex factors existing in monitoring, no mature experimental monitoring scheme exists at present. The invention provides a rotating shaft replacing mechanism and a corresponding monitoring method for measuring contact width.
The invention provides a rotating shaft replacing mechanism which is used for monitoring the contact width of a sealing area of a rubber-plastic shaft seal, wherein a metal shaft is replaced by a transparent shaft.
One end of the transparent guide shaft is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft in a threaded connection mode, the other end of the transparent guide shaft is provided with a section of hollow pipeline, and the length of the hollow pipeline covers the contact area between the rubber-plastic shaft seal and the transparent guide shaft on the outer side of the pipeline; and a probe of the fixed endoscope is arranged in the hollow pipeline, and the probe is opposite to the contact area.
The left end of the connecting shaft is connected with the transparent guide shaft through threads, and the right end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft through matching with the clamping block; a convex circular table is designed in the middle of the connecting shaft, and a threaded hole is formed in the circular table and used for being matched with a fastening screw; the right end of the connecting shaft is designed into a cylindrical port at the inner side and a conical port at the outer side; the connecting shaft is in interference fit with the clamping block through the outer side conical end surface and is in interference fit with a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft through the inner side cylindrical end surface.
The clamping block is provided with a central hole for leading in a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft, and threaded holes are uniformly distributed in the round platform of the clamping block, correspond to the threaded holes formed in the round platform of the connecting shaft and are used for matching with fastening screws.
The fastening screw is used for fixing the clamping block and the connecting shaft, and the eccentricity of the transparent guide shaft is adjusted through the fastening screw.
A method for monitoring the contact width of a sealing area of a rubber-plastic shaft seal based on a rotating shaft replacing mechanism comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the performance degradation test of the rubber-plastic shaft seal, a metal guide shaft is adopted for testing; the metal guide shaft is matched with a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft by using the connecting shaft and the clamping block; when the contact width needs to be monitored, the test bed and the motor are stopped to operate;
step two: loosening the fastening screw to remove the matching body of the metal guide shaft and the connecting shaft;
step three: disassembling the threaded connection matching body of the metal guide shaft and the connecting shaft, replacing the metal guide shaft with a transparent guide shaft, and connecting the transparent guide shaft and the connecting shaft in a threaded matching manner;
step four: installing a matching body of the transparent guide shaft and the connecting shaft on a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft;
step five: measuring the eccentricity of the rotating shaft by using a concentricity measuring instrument, and adjusting the eccentricity by fastening screws in four directions;
step six: installing a probe of the endoscope in a hollow pipeline of a transparent guide shaft, and enabling the outer side of the pipeline, which is directly opposite to the probe, to be a contact area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal and the rotating shaft;
step seven: starting the test bed and the motor;
step eight: carrying out data acquisition; and setting sampling frequency, acquiring a plurality of groups of images of the contact area within a set time period, uploading the images to an industrial personal computer, and converting the real contact width by the industrial personal computer according to the amplification ratio of the endoscope.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention realizes the contact width measurement of the sealing area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal by a simple transparent guide shaft replacing mechanism. In the measuring process, aiming at the problem of small contact width, an endoscope image amplification method is adopted to solve the problem; aiming at the problem of small detection area, the design of a transparent guide shaft is adopted, and the contact width is measured from the inside by using a probe; aiming at the problem of damaging the working condition, a novel guide shaft replacing mechanism is adopted, the eccentricity of the rotating shaft can be adjusted in real time, meanwhile, the whole contact width is measured by a non-contact type on-line monitoring method, and the actual working condition of the rubber-plastic shaft seal is more truly fitted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of a spindle change mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the transparent guide shaft and endoscope probe mounting position of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the contact area between the rubber-plastic shaft seal and the transparent guide shaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the connecting shaft of the exchange mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the clamping block of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the transparent guide shaft exchange mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the method for monitoring the contact width of the sealing area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1-transparent guide shaft, 2-connecting shaft, 3-clamping block, 4-fastening screw, 5-endoscope, 6-pipe thread, 7-transparent shaft hollow pipeline, 8-contact area, 9-rubber plastic shaft seal, 10-external thread, 11-fastening screw threaded hole of connecting shaft, 12-outer side conical end face, 13-inner side cylindrical end face, 14-thin notch and 15-fastening screw threaded hole of clamping block.
Detailed Description
The method for monitoring the contact width of the sealing area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal on line according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a rotating shaft replacing mechanism, which adopts a non-contact measurement method to replace a metal guide shaft with a transparent guide shaft, a probe of an endoscope is arranged in the transparent guide shaft, the contact width of a sealing area is monitored on line, and a certain sampling frequency is selected to obtain a plurality of groups of contact width values.
Firstly, a transparent shaft replacing mechanism is needed for the specific implementation of the method for monitoring the contact width of the sealing area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal. Because the rubber-plastic shaft seal has extremely high requirement on the eccentricity of the transparent guide shaft in the test process, the guide shaft is not replaced by adopting a coupling method, the invention designs a transparent shaft replacement mechanism capable of adjusting the eccentricity of the rotating shaft on line, and as shown in figure 1, the provided rotating shaft replacement mechanism comprises: transparent guide shaft 1, connecting shaft 2, clamping block 3, fastening screw 4 and endoscope 5.
The transparent guide shaft 1 is made of colorless transparent organic glass, and the light transmittance reaches 92%. The transparent guide shaft 1 is designed according to the dimensions of the metal guide shaft to be replaced. The transparent guide shaft 1 is connected with the connecting shaft 2 through threads, as shown in fig. 2, the whole transparent guide shaft 1 is of a solid design, wherein a pipe thread 6 is arranged at one end of the transparent guide shaft 1 connected with the connecting shaft 2, and a section of hollow pipeline 7 is arranged at the other end of the transparent guide shaft 1. An endoscope probe is arranged and fixed in a hollow pipeline 7, a probe line of an endoscope 5 extends out from the bottom of one end of the transparent guide shaft 1, and the direction of the probe is opposite to the contact area 8 of the transparent guide shaft 1 and the sealing ring. As shown in fig. 3, the length of the hollow pipe 7 needs to be covered to the contact area 8 between the rubber-plastic shaft seal 9 and the transparent guide shaft 1 outside the pipe. The external dimension of the transparent guide shaft 1 is designed according to the dimension of the rubber-plastic shaft seal 9 of a test piece, and the surface roughness processing degree is determined according to the requirement of the rubber-plastic shaft seal 9.
As shown in fig. 4, a connecting shaft 2 is used to connect the transparent guide shaft 1 and a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft, which is a connecting shaft in the replacing mechanism of the present invention. One end of the connecting shaft 2 is designed with an external thread 10 to be matched with the pipe thread 6 of the transparent guide shaft 1; the other end of the connecting shaft 2 is matched with the clamping block 3 to be connected with a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft. The middle part of the connecting shaft 2 is designed into a convex round table, and a fastening screw threaded hole 11 is formed in the round table and used for being matched with the fastening screw 4. Considering that the eccentric adjustment problem of the transparent guide shaft 1 needs to be considered in the rubber-plastic shaft seal 9 test, the end of the connecting shaft 2 connected with the motor rotating shaft or the torque sensor rotating shaft adopts an inner cylindrical and outer conical port, as shown in fig. 4, the outer conical end surface 12 of the end of the connecting shaft 2 connected with the motor rotating shaft is in interference fit with the clamping block 3, and the inner cylindrical end surface 13 is in interference connection with the motor rotating shaft (or the torque sensor rotating shaft).
The connection between the connecting shaft 2 and the motor rotating shaft (or the torque sensor rotating shaft) adopts the interference connection of the inner cylindrical end surface 13, at the moment, the connecting shaft 2 is a containing piece, and the motor rotating shaft (or the torque sensor rotating shaft) is a contained piece. Two symmetrical thin notches 14 are formed in a port at one end, connected with a motor rotating shaft (or a torque sensor rotating shaft), of the connecting shaft 2, the width of each thin notch 14 is 0.5-2 mm, the depth of each thin notch is three-quarters of the depth of the port, and the depth of the port refers to the length of the cylindrical port on the inner side and the conical port on the outer side at one end, connected with the motor rotating shaft. The interference is adjusted by the clamping process of the clamping block 3, so that the connecting shaft 2 and the motor rotating shaft (or the torque sensor rotating shaft) are firmly fixed.
As shown in fig. 5, the clamping block 3 is used for clamping the connecting shaft 2 and the motor rotating shaft (or the torque sensor rotating shaft), a central hole of the clamping block 3 is communicated with the motor rotating shaft (or the torque sensor rotating shaft), and fastening screw threaded holes 15 are uniformly distributed on the circular truncated cone of the clamping block 3. The size of the circular truncated cone of the clamping block 3 is the same as that of the end face of the circular truncated cone of the connecting shaft 2, and the opened fastening screw threaded hole 15 corresponds to the fastening screw threaded hole 11 of the connecting shaft. The connecting shaft 2 and the clamping block 3 are connected in a conical interference manner, the clamping block 3 is an accommodating piece at the moment, and the connecting shaft 2 is an accommodated piece. Four fastening screws 4 are arranged in the connecting direction of the connecting shaft 2 and the clamping block 3, and the fastening screws 4 are used for fixing the clamping block 3 and the connecting shaft 2 on one hand and can finely adjust the eccentricity of the transparent guide shaft 1 on the other hand.
As shown in fig. 6, which is an overall connection cross-sectional view of the rotating shaft replacing mechanism provided by the present invention, one end of the transparent guide shaft 1 is fixed with one end of the connecting shaft 2 in a threaded connection manner, and the other end of the connecting shaft 2 is connected with a rotating shaft of a motor (or a rotating shaft of a torque sensor) and is fastened by the clamping block 3.
The probe of the endoscope is fixed in the hollow pipeline 7 of the transparent guide shaft 1 by glue, and simultaneously, the measured image information is transmitted to an industrial personal computer, namely the industrial control computer. And the industrial personal computer obtains the real contact width of the sealing area by using scale proportion conversion in the image processing. The invention selects a certain sampling frequency, obtains a plurality of groups of contact width data in a period of time and averages the data.
In the performance degradation test of the rubber-plastic shaft seal, a metal guide shaft is adopted for the test in consideration of actual working conditions, and the metal guide shaft is matched with a motor rotating shaft (or a torque sensor rotating shaft) by utilizing the connecting shaft 2 in figure 4 and the clamping block 3 in figure 5. When the contact width needs to be monitored, the operation of the test bed and the motor is stopped, the metal guide shaft is replaced, the endoscope probe is positioned and installed, and finally the test bed and the motor are started to measure the contact width, so that the method for monitoring the contact width of the sealing area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal provided by the invention comprises the following specific steps as shown in fig. 7:
the method comprises the following steps: and stopping the test bed and the motor. The operation of the test bed and the motor needs to be stopped in the process of replacing the rotating shaft, and the operation safety is ensured.
Step two: the connecting shaft 2 is disassembled. The metal guide shaft and its connecting shaft are removed by loosening the four fastening screws 4 in fig. 1. The four fastening screws 4 are gradually loosened, so that the damage to the whole mechanism caused by asymmetric stress generated after the single screw is unscrewed is avoided.
It is noted that the removal process does not employ a method of directly unscrewing the metal guide shaft at the threaded connection between the metal guide shaft and the connecting shaft 2, for the following reasons: (1) the threaded connection at the metal guide shaft takes firmness into consideration, the torque generated in the twisting process is very large and far exceeds the range of the torque sensor, and the accuracy of the torque sensor is damaged by directly twisting off the metal guide shaft. (2) The metal guide shaft and the transparent guide shaft 1 are basically the same in size, but the eccentricity problem still exists after the metal guide shaft and the transparent guide shaft are remounted, the eccentricity of the metal guide shaft must be readjusted, and the four fastening screws 4 must be loosened in the process. (3) Because the metal guide shaft is small in size and is fastened in threaded connection, external tools such as pliers and the like need to be adopted in a test bed to operate on a plane vertical to the connection direction of the metal guide shaft and the threaded connection, and the operation space is extremely inconvenient.
Step three: and replacing the guide shaft. And (5) separating the threaded connection matching body of the metal guide shaft and the connecting shaft 2 detached in the step two by using an external tool such as pliers, replacing the metal guide shaft with the transparent guide shaft 1, and matching and connecting the transparent guide shaft 1 and the connecting shaft 2 again.
Step four: and mounting the matching body of the transparent guide shaft 1 and the connecting shaft 2 on a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft. First, the clamp block 3 of fig. 5 is fitted to the end of the connecting shaft 2 by the fastening screw 4, where the fastening screw 4 is in a relaxed state and fitted only by the outer conical end face of the connecting shaft 2 in fig. 4. The spindle replacement mechanism fitting body shown in fig. 1 is formed. Then, the matching body shown in fig. 1 is matched with the motor rotating shaft (or the torque sensor rotating shaft) through the inner cylindrical end surface of the connecting shaft 2. Finally, the fastening screws 4 are sequentially tightened.
Step five: and adjusting eccentricity. The eccentricity of the rotating shaft is measured by using a concentricity measuring instrument, and the eccentricity is adjusted by fine adjustment of fastening screws 4 in four directions.
Step six: an endoscope is positioned. As shown in fig. 6, the probe of the endoscope is installed inside the hollow pipe of the transparent guide shaft 1 by glue, so that the outside of the pipe, which is directly opposite to the probe, is the contact area 8 between the rubber-plastic shaft seal 9 and the rotating shaft.
Step seven: and starting the test bed and the motor. The monitored environment is fitted to the real working condition as much as possible.
Step eight: and (6) data acquisition. Selecting a certain sampling frequency, acquiring a plurality of groups of image data within a period of time, uploading the images acquired by the endoscope to an industrial personal computer, and converting the real contact width by the industrial personal computer according to the amplification ratio of the endoscope.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A rotating shaft replacing mechanism is used for monitoring the contact width of a sealing area of a rubber-plastic shaft seal and is characterized by comprising a transparent guide shaft, a connecting shaft, a clamping block, a fastening screw and an endoscope;
one end of the transparent guide shaft is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft in a threaded connection mode, the other end of the transparent guide shaft is provided with a section of hollow pipeline, and the length of the hollow pipeline covers the contact area between the rubber-plastic shaft seal and the transparent guide shaft on the outer side of the pipeline; a probe of the fixed endoscope is arranged in the hollow pipeline, and the probe is opposite to the contact area; the external size of the transparent guide shaft is designed according to the size of the metal guide shaft to be replaced; one end of the transparent guide shaft connected with the connecting shaft is designed to be of an internal thread structure; one end of the connecting shaft, which is connected with the transparent guide shaft, is designed into an external thread structure;
the left end of the connecting shaft is connected with the transparent guide shaft through threads, and the right end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft through matching with the clamping block; a convex circular table is designed in the middle of the connecting shaft, and a threaded hole is formed in the circular table and used for being matched with a fastening screw; the right end of the connecting shaft is designed into a cylindrical port at the inner side and a conical port at the outer side; the connecting shaft is in interference fit with the clamping block through the outer side conical end surface and is in interference fit with a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft through the inner side cylindrical end surface; two symmetrical thin notches are formed at the right end and the outlet of the port of the connecting shaft and used for adjusting the interference size of the clamping block;
the clamping block is provided with a central hole for leading in a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft, and threaded holes are uniformly distributed in the round platform of the clamping block, correspond to the threaded holes formed in the round platform of the connecting shaft and are used for matching with fastening screws;
the fastening screw is used for fixing the clamping block and the connecting shaft, and the eccentricity of the transparent guide shaft is adjusted through the fastening screw.
2. The spindle changing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the slot has a slot width of 0.5-2 mm and a slot depth of three-quarters of the depth of the port at the right end.
3. The rotating shaft replacing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the transparent guide shaft is made of colorless transparent organic glass with a light transmittance of 92%, and the transparent guide shaft is solid as a whole.
4. The rotating shaft replacing mechanism according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the surface roughness of the transparent guide shaft is set according to the requirements of the rubber-plastic shaft seal.
5. The rotating shaft replacing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the endoscope transmits the measured image to an industrial personal computer, and the industrial personal computer processes the image to obtain a real contact width of the sealing area.
6. The method for monitoring the contact width of the sealing area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal based on the rotating shaft replacing mechanism of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the performance degradation test of the rubber-plastic shaft seal, a metal guide shaft is adopted for testing; the metal guide shaft is matched with a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft by using the connecting shaft and the clamping block; when the contact width needs to be monitored, the test bed and the motor are stopped to operate;
step two: loosening the fastening screw to remove the matching body of the metal guide shaft and the connecting shaft;
step three: disassembling the threaded connection matching body of the metal guide shaft and the connecting shaft, replacing the metal guide shaft with a transparent guide shaft, and connecting the transparent guide shaft and the connecting shaft in a threaded matching manner;
step four: installing a matching body of the transparent guide shaft and the connecting shaft on a motor rotating shaft or a torque sensor rotating shaft;
step five: measuring the eccentricity of the rotating shaft by using a concentricity measuring instrument, and adjusting the eccentricity by fastening screws in four directions;
step six: installing a probe of the endoscope in a hollow pipeline of a transparent guide shaft, and enabling the outer side of the pipeline, which is directly opposite to the probe, to be a contact area of the rubber-plastic shaft seal and the rotating shaft;
step seven: starting the test bed and the motor;
step eight: carrying out data acquisition; and setting sampling frequency, acquiring a plurality of groups of images of the contact area within a set time period, uploading the images to an industrial personal computer, and converting the real contact width by the industrial personal computer according to the amplification ratio of the endoscope.
CN201910221409.9A 2019-03-22 2019-03-22 Rotating shaft replacing mechanism and method for monitoring contact width of sealing area of rubber-plastic shaft seal Active CN109945812B (en)

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