CN109932420A - The method that wavelet basis function is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method - Google Patents
The method that wavelet basis function is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that wavelet basis function is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, a cross section is chosen in burner hearth stable section or interested section, in its peripheral wall surface, several sonic sensors are set, a plurality of effective sound wave path is formed between several sonic sensors, wherein being only calculated as an effective sound wave path between each pair of sonic sensor；The acoustic transit time for measuring opposite two direction on every effective sound wave path respectively, the velocity flow profile of furnace profile to be measured is rebuild using itu(x,y)；Algorithm for reconstructing uses two-dimensional space Mexican hat wavelet functionψ(x,y) as the basic function for rebuilding furnace profile velocity field helical component gesture to be measured, the velocity field of furnace profile to be measured is rebuild in conjunction with the application of boundary condition.The algorithm of velocity field substantially increases sonic method under the premise of ensuring reconstruction accuracy and measures to any pattern flow field applicability and reliability in sonic method measurement burner hearth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flow field measurement methods, specifically, it is disconnected for burner hearth to relate to a kind of wavelet basis function
The method that sonic method measurement in surface current field is rebuild.
Background technique
Burning situation is extremely complicated in furnace, the measurement in hearth combustion flow field, so far without effective means, traditionally only
Carry out corresponding cold air dynamic field test before new boiler puts into operation or after boiler overhaul, boiler put into operation after-combustion flow field and
Flow field difference when cold conditions, and can change with air feed condition and change, traditional measurement method defect is obvious, not only reliability
Not high, information content is insufficient, and expends a large amount of manpower and material resources.
Currently, the basic function of flow field vector potential uses using in the medium flow field algorithm for reconstructing that burns in sonic method measurement furnace
The two-dimensional Gaussian function of empirical parameter, the only movement of position can make to rebuild distortion, survey without the variation of shape (scale)
The accuracy of amount is insufficient.
In order to solve the above problems, people are seeking always a kind of ideal technical solution.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a kind of wavelet basis function for furnace profile
The method that sonic method measurement in flow field is rebuild.
To achieve the goals above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of method that wavelet basis function is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, in burner hearth stable section or sense
The section of interest chooses a cross section, several sonic sensors is arranged in its peripheral wall surface, shape between several sonic sensors
At a plurality of effective sound wave path, wherein being only calculated as an effective sound wave path between each pair of sonic sensor；
The acoustic transit time for measuring opposite two direction on every effective sound wave path respectively is substituted into following formula reconstruction
The velocity flow profile u (x, y) of furnace profile to be measured；
Wherein, LiFor i-th effective sound wave path, Δ τiIt is propagated for two opposite directions on i-th effective sound wave path
Time τiAnd τi -Acoustic transit time, N be effective sound wave path item number, c be measuring medium physical property under the conditions of Acoustic Wave Propagation speed
Degree,For acoustic path direction vector,To rebuild flow velocityIntermediate variable；
Using two-dimensional space wavelet function as the basic function for rebuilding furnace profile velocity field helical component gesture to be measured, weight
Build the velocity field of furnace profile to be measured；
Based on above-mentioned, the two-dimensional space wavelet function is two-dimensional space Mexican hat wavelet function ψ (x, y)；
Wherein σ represent wavelet scale because
Son.
Based on above-mentioned, velocity field rebuilding is carried out using the basic function sequence method of development, passes through the coefficient for rebuilding basic function sequence
Velocity field helical component to be measured part can be obtained in group, is calculated based on this Neumann boundary condition met by closed boundary
To velocity field divergent component, the two is added the velocity field for obtaining continuous furnace profile to be measured.
Based on above-mentioned, one group of wavelet scale factor is determined based on the size of furnace profile to be measured, and calculated using traversal
Mode solves the optimal wavelet scale factor, further reconstructs the velocity field of furnace profile to be measured, wavelet scale factor sigma model
It encloses are as follows: 0.1a~0.4a takes a value every 0.01a~0.05a, wherein a is the half of furnace profile long side to be measured.
Based on above-mentioned, the mode for traversing calculating solve the optimal wavelet scale factor comprising steps of
The basic regularization factors λ of furnace profile velocity field rebuilding matrix to be measured is obtained based on acoustic measurement,
Sound wave is Aa=g along projection equation's group that the effective acoustic path of J item is propagated, and array α is the system undetermined of small echo basic sequence
Array, element are I, and A is J × I coefficient matrix, and array g is time of measuring data, and each element of g is equal to corresponding acoustic path
The half of the difference of upper opposite two direction acoustic transit time；The generalized inverse matrix of B matrix A, R are regularization matrix, are taken as herein
Unit matrix；
One group of equally distributed number is taken in a certain range for each wavelet scale factor sigma, respectively as aforementioned base
The multiplier of this regularization factors obtains the regularization factors of one group of variation, to its traversal loop solve, obtain one group it is corresponding
Velocity field, the range of the multiplier are taken as 100~100000, and step-length is 10~100；
Removing formula is judge index:
M be current regularization factors are rebuild in whole discrete units in furnace profile to be measured velocity amplitude with it is previous
The number that the difference of velocity amplitude obtained by regularization factors is negative,For the velocity field mean value rebuild with current regularization factors, z=
1/5~1/3 is empirical index number；
Optimal regularization factors are solved by the way of loop iteration, are taking the judge index maximum value just
Then changing the factor is optimal regularization factors, and the corresponding small echo ruler of the index value maximum value is taken in all wavelet scale factor sigmas
Degree factor sigma is the optimal wavelet scale factor, finally reconstructs the velocity field of hearth combustion fluid to be measured.
Based on it is above-mentioned, it is specified that using traversal calculate by the way of traverse to obtain the maximum value of the judge index, continue
6~10 iteration do not occur new maximum value and jump out circulation.
Based on above-mentioned, the algorithm for reconstructing of the two-dimensional space wavelet function ψ (x, y) is write based on C-language Programming Design.
Based on above-mentioned, two of relative direction between two sonic sensors on every effective sound wave path are measured respectively
Acoustic transit time, the average value of the two acoustic transit times are the acoustic transit time on this effectively sound wave path.
Based on above-mentioned, each sonic sensor successively sounding in turn, when any sonic sensor transmitting sound wave, other institutes
Some sonic sensors record this sound wave, and the frequency of sound wave of all sonic sensor transmittings is all the same.
Based on above-mentioned, every 2~3 sonic sensors while sounding, wherein the frequency of sound wave of each sonic sensor transmitting
Difference, and can be by filtering effectively identification.
At right angles or approximate right angle intersects based on above-mentioned, selected cross section and burner hearth axis.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features outstanding and marked improvement compared with the prior art, specifically, wavelet function tool
There is the characteristic of scale and spatial position change, the present invention is based on the flexible abilities of the space scale of 2-d wavelet basic function, using sky
Between wavelet basis construct flow field potential function, substantially increase rebuild velocity field accuracy.In addition, method provided by the invention
Suitable for the measurement of the flow fields such as fluidized bed, chemical reactor, sound wave is substantially increased under the premise of ensuring reconstruction accuracy
Method is measured to any pattern flow field applicability and reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is two-dimensional space Mexican hat wavelet function ψ (x, y) schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is no deflection operating condition simulation velocity field reconstructed results.
Fig. 4 is deflection operating condition simulation velocity field reconstructed results.
Fig. 5 is to rebuild field result without deflection simulation velocity with the double whirlpools of radius.
Fig. 6 is that the double whirlpool deflections of different radii emulate field reconstructed results.
Fig. 7 is that experiment First air operating condition sonic method measures reconstructed results.
Fig. 8 is that experiment full blast operating condition sonic method measures reconstructed results.
In figure: the velocity vector field of A. analogue simulation field；B. the velocity magnitude of analogue simulation field is distributed side view；C. sound
The reconstruction velocity vector field of wave method measurement；D. the reconstruction velocity magnitude of sonic method measurement is distributed side view；A. airspeedometer measures
Figure；B. ribbon display figure；C. the reconstruction velocity vector field of sonic method measurement；D. the reconstruction velocity magnitude distribution of sonic method measurement
Side view.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention will be described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method that wavelet basis function is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, is suitable for
The reconstruction of burner hearth cold conditions and combustion medium velocity field is also applied for the reconstruction of the different flow field sonic method measurements such as boiler, it is wrapped
Include following steps:
Unique cross section is chosen in burner hearth stable section or interested section, several sound waves are set in its peripheral wall surface
The number of sensor, the sonic sensor can be configured according to flow field complexity, and preferably 4~8 sound waves pass
Sensor；The sonic sensor is transmitting-receiving integrated sonic sensor, can also be passed for acoustic emission sensor and acoustic receiver
The split type combination of sensor；
A plurality of effective sound wave path is formd between several sonic sensors, wherein being only calculated as between each pair of sonic sensor
One effective sound wave path；The acoustic transit time on every effective sound wave path is measured respectively, specifically, measurement is every respectively
Two acoustic transit times of relative direction, the two Acoustic Wave Propagations between two sonic sensors on the effective sound wave path of item
The half of the difference of time is the acoustic transit time data on this effectively sound wave path；
Acoustic transit time on every effective sound wave path is substituted into the velocity flow profile that following formula rebuilds furnace profile to be measured
u(x,y)；
Wherein, LiFor i-th effective sound wave path, Δ τiIt is propagated for two opposite directions on i-th effective sound wave path
Time τiAnd τi -Acoustic transit time, N be effective sound wave path item number, c be measuring medium physical property under the conditions of Acoustic Wave Propagation speed
Degree,For acoustic path direction vector,To rebuild flow velocityIntermediate variable；
Using two-dimensional space wavelet function as the basic function for rebuilding furnace profile velocity field helical component gesture to be measured, weight
Build the velocity field of furnace profile to be measured.The two-dimensional space wavelet function is obtained by corresponding one-dimensional wavelet function extension.
Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2, using two-dimensional space Mexican hat wavelet function ψ (x, y) as reconstruction burner hearth to be measured
The basic function of section velocity field helical component gesture, rebuilds the velocity field of furnace profile to be measured；
Wherein σ represent wavelet scale because
Son.It should be noted that method disclosed by the invention is suitable for the measurement of flow field, the present embodiment is using two-dimensional space ink west
The velocity field that brother cap wavelet function ψ (x, y) rebuilds furnace profile to be measured can choose other two dimensions in other embodiments
Wavelet based space function rebuilds measurement flow field.
Specifically, two-dimensional space Mexican hat wavelet function ψ (x, y) is obtained by corresponding one-dimensional wavelet function extension, adopt
Velocity field rebuilding is carried out with the basic function sequence method of development, the coefficient sets by rebuilding basic function sequence are calculated continuously
Furnace profile to be measured velocity field.
Further, due to the limited amount of sonic transducer arrangement, corresponding measurement data is limited, while actual measurement is inevitable
There are certain measurement errors, in order to reduce error, determine one group of wavelet scale factor based on the size of furnace profile to be measured, and
The optimal wavelet scale factor is solved in such a way that traversal calculates, further reconstructs the velocity field of furnace profile to be measured, it is small
Wave scale factor σ range are as follows: 0.1a~0.4a takes a value every 0.01a~0.05a, wherein a is that furnace profile to be measured is long
The half on side.
Further, the mode for traversing calculating solve the optimal wavelet scale factor comprising steps of
The basic regularization factors λ of furnace profile velocity field rebuilding matrix to be measured is obtained based on acoustic measurement,
Wherein, sound wave is Aa=g along projection equation's group that the effective acoustic path of J item is propagated, and α is the undetermined of small echo basic sequence
Coefficient sets, element are I, and A is J × I coefficient matrix, and g is time of measuring data, and g is equal to opposite two direction in same acoustic path
The half of the difference of acoustic transit time；The generalized inverse matrix of B matrix A, R are regularization matrix, are taken as unit matrix herein；
One group of equally distributed number is taken in a certain range for each wavelet scale factor sigma, respectively as substantially just
The multiplier for then changing the factor obtains the regularization factors of one group of variation, solves to its traversal loop, obtains one group of corresponding speed
, the range of the multiplier is taken as 100~100000, step-length 100；
Removing formula is judge index:
M be current regularization factors are rebuild in whole discrete units in furnace profile to be measured velocity amplitude with it is previous
The number that the difference of velocity amplitude obtained by regularization factors is negative,For the velocity field mean value rebuild with current regularization factors, z=
1/5~1/3 is empirical index number, is solved by the way of loop iteration to optimal regularization factors, takes the judge index
The regularization factors of maximum value are optimal regularization factors, and the corresponding wavelet scale of the index value maximum value is taken in all σ
Factor sigma is the optimal wavelet scale factor, finally reconstructs the velocity field of hearth combustion fluid to be measured.
In order under the premise of guaranteeing reliability, save the time of calculating, it is specified that traversing in such a way that traversal calculates
To the maximum value of the judge index, continue 10 iteration and do not occur new maximum value to jump out circulation.
Further, the algorithm for reconstructing of the two-dimensional space Mexican hat wavelet function ψ (x, y) is compiled based on computer C language
It writes.
Preferably, each sonic sensor successively sounding in turn, and the frequency of sound wave of all sonic sensors transmitting is homogeneous
Together.When any sonic sensor transmitting sound wave, other all sonic sensors record this sound wave, general measurement object
Achievable primary complete measurement in about 2 second time, because the flow field of measurement object is generally relatively stable, the hair
Influence of the method for acoustic to measurement accuracy is sufficiently small.
It preferably, can be with every 2~3 sonic sensors while sounding, wherein each sonic sensor is using different
Frequency of sound wave transmitting successively in turn compared with sounding, can measure outlet pipe inner shaft with each sonic sensor in a shorter time
To velocity flow profile, but effective identification difficulty of the acoustic signals of different frequency is larger.
When specifically used, can be controlled according to the length of time demand each sonic sensor successively in turn sounding or
Person controls every 2~3 sonic sensors sounding simultaneously.
It should be noted that in the measurements, can according to the size of measurement object and fluid media (medium) attribute to frequency of sound wave into
Row reasonably selects.For gas phase or multiphase medium, the attenuation rate of sound wave and frequency it is square directly proportional, decline so frequency is higher
Subtract bigger；However, frequency of sound wave is bigger, high-precision acoustic transit time data are more help to obtain, and then obtain high-precision
Measurement result, therefore can meet can obtain the end acoustic signals of sufficient intensity on the basis of, use is as high as possible
Frequency of sound wave is measured, to guarantee enough measurement accuracy.
For the influence for eliminating radial velocity component in section, two sound waves of relative direction between every two sonic sensor
The average value in propagation time is this between the acoustic transit time sonic sensor.In a particular embodiment, around cross section
6,10,15,21,28 effective acoustic propagation paths can be respectively formed by being evenly arranged 4,5,6,7,8 sonic sensors, referring to
Fig. 1.
For the reliability of verification method, it is based respectively on emulation flow field and tests the sound wave that flow field use this method
Method is rebuild.As a result referring to Fig. 3~8, Fig. 3~6 are that velocity field comparison diagram is rebuild in analogue simulation field and sonic method of the present invention measurement,
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is to test First air and full blast operating condition sonic method measurement reconstructed results respectively, the ribbon display figure b in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8
Due to limitation of taking pictures, there are certain drift angle, a in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is to be measured using airspeedometer as a result, Fig. 7 in upper and lower orientation
It is 4.9 m/s that middle a, which measures maximum flow rate, and the reconstructed results of c and d are coincide in the measurement result of a and Fig. 7 in Fig. 7, and a is measured in Fig. 8
Maximum flow rate is 8.9m/s, and the reconstructed results of c and d are coincide in the measurement result of a and Fig. 8 in Fig. 8.
Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, it should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: still
It can modify to a specific embodiment of the invention or some technical features can be equivalently replaced；Without departing from this
The spirit of inventive technique scheme should all cover within the scope of the technical scheme claimed by the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that wavelet basis function is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, comprising the following steps: in burner hearth
Stable section or interested section choose a cross section, several sonic sensors are arranged in its peripheral wall surface, several sound waves
A plurality of effective sound wave path of cross-distribution is formd between sensor, wherein being only calculated as an effective sound between each pair of sonic sensor
Wave path；
The acoustic transit time for measuring opposite two direction on every effective sound wave path respectively is substituted into following formula and rebuilds furnace to be measured
The velocity flow profile u (x, y) of thorax section；
Wherein, LiFor i-th effective sound wave path, Δ τiFor two opposite direction propagation time τ on i-th effective sound wave pathi
And τi -Acoustic transit time, N be effective sound wave path item number, c be measuring medium physical property under the conditions of acoustic wave propagation velocity,For
Acoustic path direction vector,To rebuild flow velocityIntermediate variable；
Using two-dimensional space wavelet function as the basic function for rebuilding furnace profile velocity field helical component gesture to be measured, rebuild to be measured
The velocity field of furnace profile.
2. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 1 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, special
Sign is: the two-dimensional space wavelet function is two-dimensional space Mexican hat wavelet function ψ (x, y)；
Wherein σ represents the wavelet scale factor.
3. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 1 or 2 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method,
It is characterized in that: velocity field rebuilding is carried out using the basic function sequence method of development, it is available by the coefficient sets for rebuilding basic function sequence
Velocity field is calculated based on this Neumann boundary condition met by closed boundary in velocity field helical component to be measured part
Divergent component, the two are added the velocity field for obtaining continuous furnace profile to be measured.
4. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 3 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, special
Sign is: determining one group of wavelet scale factor based on the size of furnace profile to be measured, and solves most in such a way that traversal calculates
The excellent wavelet scale factor, further reconstructs the velocity field of furnace profile to be measured, for furnace inscribed circle velocity field, wavelet scale
Factor sigma range are as follows: 0.1a~0.4a takes a value every 0.01a~0.05a, wherein a is the one of furnace profile long side to be measured
Half.
5. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 4 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, special
Sign is: the mode for traversing calculating solve the optimal wavelet scale factor comprising steps of
The basic regularization factors λ of furnace profile velocity field rebuilding matrix to be measured is obtained based on acoustic measurement,
Wherein, sound wave is Aa=g along projection equation's group that the effective acoustic path of J item is propagated, and array α is the system undetermined of small echo basic sequence
Array, element are I, and A is J × I coefficient matrix, and array g is time of measuring data, and each element of g is equal to corresponding acoustic path
The half of the difference of upper opposite two direction acoustic transit time；The generalized inverse matrix of B matrix A, R are regularization matrix, are taken as herein
Unit matrix；
One group of equally distributed number is taken in a certain range for each wavelet scale factor sigma, respectively as it is aforementioned substantially just
The multiplier for then changing the factor obtains the regularization factors of one group of variation, solves to its traversal loop, obtains one group of corresponding speed
, the range of the multiplier is taken as 100~100000, and step-length is 10~100；
Removing formula is judge index:
M is the velocity amplitude and previous regularization that current regularization factors are rebuild in whole discrete units in furnace profile to be measured
The number that the difference of velocity amplitude obtained by the factor is negative, v is the velocity field mean value rebuild with current regularization factors, z=1/5~1/3
For empirical index number；
Optimal regularization factors are solved by the way of loop iteration, take the regularization of the judge index maximum value because
Son is optimal regularization factors, and the corresponding wavelet scale factor sigma of the index value maximum value is taken in all wavelet scale factor sigmas
For the optimal wavelet scale factor, the velocity field of hearth combustion fluid to be measured is finally reconstructed.
6. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 5 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method, special
Sign is: after regulation traverses to obtain the maximum value of the judge index in such a way that traversal calculates, continuing 6~10 times repeatedly
In generation, does not occur new maximum value and jumps out circulation.
7. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 1 or 2 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method,
Be characterized in that: the algorithm for reconstructing of the two-dimensional space wavelet function is write based on C-language Programming Design.
8. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 1 or 2 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method,
Be characterized in that: selected cross section and burner hearth axis are at right angles or approximate right angle intersects.
9. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 1 or 2 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method,
Be characterized in that: each sonic sensor successively sounding in turn, when any sonic sensor transmitting sound wave, other all sound waves are passed
Sensor records this sound wave, and the frequency of sound wave of all sonic sensor transmittings is all the same.
10. the method that wavelet basis function according to claim 1 or 2 is rebuild for the measurement of furnace profile flow field sonic method,
It is characterized by: every 2~3 sonic sensors while sounding, wherein the frequency of sound wave of each sonic sensor transmitting is different, and
It can be by filtering effectively identification.
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| CN102072966A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-25 | 湖北省电力试验研究院 | Measuring device and method of hearth velocity field of combustion boiler by using acoustic method |
| US10194889B2 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2019-02-05 | Duke University | Methods, systems and computer program products for multi-resolution imaging and analysis |
| CN106841402A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-13 | 天津大学 | A kind of phased array supersonic signal reconstruction optimization method based on greedy algorithm |
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