CN109931617A - A kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique - Google Patents

A kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique Download PDF

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CN109931617A
CN109931617A CN201810721722.4A CN201810721722A CN109931617A CN 109931617 A CN109931617 A CN 109931617A CN 201810721722 A CN201810721722 A CN 201810721722A CN 109931617 A CN109931617 A CN 109931617A
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flue gas
water
sewage
combustion
cooling
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马凯
李超凡
何道远
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North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺,包括燃烧炉、烟气燃烧室、降温除尘塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气微生物降解槽、活性炭吸附箱、微滤器、污水净化池和烟气排放口,处理工艺中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂,所有的水体通过管道进入污水净化池,净化后进行中水回用,不外排。本发明采用烟气燃烧、降温、除尘、除二噁英、除异味的工序对焚烧烟气进行逐级处理,采用物理方法和微生物联合的方式处理烟气,可以深度去除垃圾焚烧产生的烟尘和二噁英,降低了生活垃圾处理的成本,达到了尾气达标排放和污水零排放,实现了生活垃圾焚烧的无害化处理,有利于被广泛应用,具有较高的社会效益和经济效益。

The invention discloses a harmless waste incineration treatment process, which includes a combustion furnace, a flue gas combustion chamber, a cooling and dust removal tower, a water bath cabinet, a spray tower, an aerated microbial degradation tank, an activated carbon adsorption box, a microfilter and a sewage purification tank. The water used in the treatment process contains organic solvents, and all the water enters the sewage purification tank through the pipeline, and after purification, the reclaimed water is reused without being discharged. The invention adopts the processes of flue gas combustion, cooling, dust removal, dioxin removal, and odor removal to process the incineration flue gas step by step, and adopts the combined physical method and microorganism to treat the flue gas, which can deeply remove the smoke and dust produced by the incineration of garbage and waste. Dioxin reduces the cost of domestic waste treatment, achieves standard exhaust emission and zero discharge of sewage, and realizes the harmless treatment of domestic waste incineration, which is conducive to being widely used and has high social and economic benefits.

Description

一种无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺A kind of harmless waste incineration treatment process

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及垃圾无害化处理技术领域,具体为一种无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of harmless waste treatment, in particular to a harmless waste incineration treatment process.

背景技术Background technique

随着我国快速城市化和经济增长使得我国各大城市的人口数量急速扩张,各大城市产生的城市垃圾数量巨大,垃圾问题正变得越来越突出。当前我国城市垃圾无害化处理面临的最突出、也是最亟待解决的矛盾是处理设施建设能力不足。目前我国各城市主要以填埋方式处理垃圾,各城市垃圾都面临无地可埋的问题。另一方面,垃圾填埋造成地下水源、土壤的严重污染,环境生态压力越来越大,垃圾围城也影响了城市的进一步扩容发展。加强垃圾无害化处理设施能力建设是当前及今后一段时期最主要的任务。With the rapid urbanization and economic growth in my country, the population of major cities in China has rapidly expanded, and the amount of urban waste generated in major cities is huge, and the problem of garbage is becoming more and more prominent. At present, the most prominent and urgent contradiction facing the harmless treatment of urban waste in my country is the lack of construction capacity of treatment facilities. At present, cities in my country mainly dispose of garbage by landfill, and all urban garbage is faced with the problem of no land to bury. On the other hand, landfills have caused serious pollution of groundwater sources and soil, increasing the pressure on the environment and ecology, and the siege of garbage has also affected the further expansion and development of the city. Strengthening the capacity building of harmless waste treatment facilities is the most important task at present and in the future.

焚烧法处理并利用其余热发电或供热是按“三化”原则处理城市垃圾最有前途的方法,但垃圾焚烧厂的兴建和长期运行带来二次污染问题,尤其是焚烧过程中产生的二噁英的污染已引起全世界的关注。据统计,在全球范围内,由垃圾焚烧炉排放出的二噁英约占二噁英总排放量的10%-40%。我国政府制定二噁英排放的标准为1ngTEQ/m3并于2003年6月1日起在全国范围内实行,而世界发达国家如日本、瑞士等国家二噁英排放标准为0.1ngTEQ/m3。因此,在垃圾焚烧过程中,必须采取有效的措施严格控制二噁英的产生和排放。Incineration is the most promising method to deal with municipal waste according to the principle of "three modernizations", but the construction and long-term operation of waste incineration plants bring about secondary pollution problems, especially the waste generated during the incineration process. Dioxin pollution has attracted worldwide attention. According to statistics, on a global scale, dioxins emitted by waste incinerators account for about 10%-40% of the total dioxin emissions. The Chinese government established the dioxin emission standard of 1ngTEQ/m3 and implemented it nationwide from June 1, 2003, while the dioxin emission standard of developed countries such as Japan and Switzerland is 0.1ngTEQ/m3. Therefore, in the process of waste incineration, effective measures must be taken to strictly control the generation and emission of dioxins.

一般认为,有氯和金属元素存在条件下的有机物燃烧均会产生二噁英。通过分析发现,城市生活垃圾中含有大量的有机氯化物(如聚氯乙烯塑料、氯苯等)和无机氯化物(如氯化钠、氯化镁等),其中有机物的含量达到20%-50%,这促使城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中产生的二噁英量最大,其次为有毒有害废物焚烧。二噁英产生途径可归纳为两个方面:一方面,氯源(如PVC、氯气、HCl等)、二噁英前驱物和反应催化剂(Cu、Fe)的存在,当炉膛温度低于850℃,停留时间小于2s时,部分有机物就会与分子氯或氯游离基反应生成二噁英;另一方面,垃圾燃烧过程中和焚烧结束时,由于燃烧条件的变化导致二噁英的重新生成。如垃圾燃烧不充分时,烟气中存在过多的未燃尽物质,当遇到适量的过渡性金属,特别是铜,在300-500℃的低温环境下,使高温燃烧分解的二噁英重新生成。It is generally believed that the combustion of organic matter in the presence of chlorine and metal elements will produce dioxins. Through analysis, it is found that municipal solid waste contains a large amount of organic chlorides (such as polyvinyl chloride plastics, chlorobenzene, etc.) and inorganic chlorides (such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, etc.), of which the content of organic substances reaches 20%-50%, This leads to the largest amount of dioxins produced in the process of municipal solid waste incineration, followed by the incineration of toxic and hazardous wastes. Dioxin production pathways can be summarized into two aspects: on the one hand, the presence of chlorine sources (such as PVC, chlorine, HCl, etc.), dioxin precursors and reaction catalysts (Cu, Fe), when the furnace temperature is lower than 850 ℃ , when the residence time is less than 2s, some organic matter will react with molecular chlorine or chlorine free radicals to generate dioxins; on the other hand, during the combustion process and at the end of the incineration, dioxins are regenerated due to changes in combustion conditions. For example, when the garbage is not fully burned, there are too many unburned substances in the flue gas. When encountering an appropriate amount of transition metals, especially copper, in a low temperature environment of 300-500 ° C, the dioxins that are decomposed by high temperature combustion will be decomposed. regenerate.

目前,焚烧后烟气中含有少量的二噁英,处理方法有:At present, the flue gas after incineration contains a small amount of dioxin, and the treatment methods are as follows:

(1)减少烟气在200-350℃浓度区的滞留时间,以减少二噁英类物质的再次生成;(1) Reduce the residence time of flue gas in the concentration range of 200-350 °C to reduce the re-generation of dioxins;

(2)采用燃油或燃气对烟气进一步燃烧排放;(2) The use of fuel oil or gas to further burn the flue gas;

(3)降低排烟温度,使气相中的二噁英转移到灰相中,然后用布袋除尘器将二噁英除去;(3) Reduce the exhaust gas temperature, so that the dioxins in the gas phase are transferred to the ash phase, and then the dioxins are removed by a bag filter;

(4)烟气通过电除尘器,温度保持在240-280℃处理;(4) The flue gas passes through the electrostatic precipitator, and the temperature is kept at 240-280℃;

(5)采用喷射中和酸性气体成分的熟石灰或石灰浆,与布袋除尘系统联合使用,有效去除二噁英;(5) Use slaked lime or lime slurry to neutralize acid gas components, and use in combination with bag dust removal system to effectively remove dioxins;

(6)在烟气中喷入活性炭或多孔性吸附剂吸附,再用布袋除尘器捕集;(6) Spray activated carbon or porous adsorbent into the flue gas for adsorption, and then use a bag filter to capture;

(7)垃圾焚烧流化床锅炉系统中运用湿法除尘器脱除二噁英。(7) The wet dust collector is used to remove dioxins in the waste incineration fluidized bed boiler system.

现阶段大量的小型焚烧炉用于处理农村生活垃圾和城镇生活垃圾,大部分焚烧炉由于没有采取二噁英控制设施造成二噁英排放超标,严重污染环境。At present, a large number of small incinerators are used to treat rural domestic waste and urban domestic waste. Most of the incinerators do not have dioxin control facilities, resulting in excessive dioxin emissions and serious environmental pollution.

因此,急需开发一种垃圾无害化处理工艺,能低成本高效解决二噁英污染的技术难题。Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a harmless waste treatment process, which can solve the technical problem of dioxin pollution with low cost and high efficiency.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于提供一种无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a harmless waste incineration treatment process to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

一种无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺,包括用于对垃圾进行干燥并焚烧的燃烧炉、用于对垃圾燃烧产生的烟气进行再次燃烧的烟气燃烧室、用于对垃圾燃烧产生的烟气进行快速降温除尘的降温除尘塔、用于对烟气进行水浴除尘的水浴柜、用于对烟气进行喷淋除尘的喷淋塔、用于对烟气中的有机污染物进行微生物降解的曝气微生物降解槽、用于去除烟气中的水雾及异味的活性炭吸附箱、用于过滤烟气中的细微颗粒的微滤器以及烟气排放口;A harmless waste incineration treatment process, including a combustion furnace for drying and incinerating waste, a flue gas combustion chamber for re-burning flue gas generated by combustion of waste, and a flue gas for burning waste Cooling and dust removal tower for rapid cooling and dust removal, water bath cabinet for water bath dust removal of flue gas, spray tower for spray dust removal of flue gas, aerator for microbial degradation of organic pollutants in flue gas Gas microbial degradation tank, activated carbon adsorption box for removing water mist and peculiar smell in flue gas, micro filter for filtering fine particles in flue gas, and flue gas discharge port;

还包括引风机,所述燃烧炉内装有冷水管,在所述燃烧炉的下部设有燃烧室,所述燃烧室处设有进料口,在所述燃烧炉的外侧设有出气管,所述引风机的进风口接于所述出气管上,所述引风机的出风口与所述烟气燃烧室相连接,所述烟气燃烧室包括由外壁构成的燃烧腔体,所述燃烧室内产生的烟气在所述燃烧腔体内进行再次燃烧,所述烟气燃烧室的一端外壁上设有烟气出口,所述烟气燃烧室内还设有换热装置;It also includes an induced draft fan, a cold water pipe is installed in the combustion furnace, a combustion chamber is arranged at the lower part of the combustion furnace, a feeding port is arranged at the combustion chamber, and an air outlet pipe is arranged on the outer side of the combustion furnace. The air inlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the air outlet pipe, and the air outlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the smoke combustion chamber, the smoke combustion chamber includes a combustion cavity formed by an outer wall, and the combustion chamber is The generated flue gas is re-combusted in the combustion chamber, a flue gas outlet is provided on one end outer wall of the flue gas combustion chamber, and a heat exchange device is also provided in the flue gas combustion chamber;

所述无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺,包括以下步骤:The harmless waste incineration treatment process includes the following steps:

1)、垃圾在燃烧炉内干燥并充分燃烧;1) The garbage is dried and fully burned in the combustion furnace;

2)、燃烧产生的烟气进入烟气燃烧室内对所产生的烟气进行处理;2) The flue gas generated by combustion enters the flue gas combustion chamber to process the generated flue gas;

3)、将步骤2)中处理过的烟气进入降温除尘塔进行降温和初步除尘;3), enter the flue gas treated in step 2) into the cooling and dedusting tower for cooling and preliminary dedusting;

4)、将降温除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池;4) Recycle the sewage generated during the cooling and dust removal process to the sewage purification tank;

5)、初步除尘的烟气然后进入水浴柜进行水洗除尘;5) The flue gas from the preliminary dust removal enters the water bath cabinet for washing and dust removal;

6)、将水洗除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池;6) Recycle the sewage generated in the process of washing and dedusting to the sewage purification tank;

7)、烟气进入喷淋塔再次除尘;7), the flue gas enters the spray tower to be dedusted again;

8)、将喷淋除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池;8) Recycle the sewage generated in the process of spray dust removal to the sewage purification tank;

9)、喷淋塔出来的烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽,分离烟气中的二噁英并进行微生物降解;9) The flue gas from the spray tower enters the aeration microbial degradation tank through the aeration device to separate the dioxins in the flue gas and carry out microbial degradation;

10)、将曝气微生物降解槽中产生的污水回收至污水净化池;10), recycling the sewage generated in the aerated microbial degradation tank to the sewage purification tank;

11)、活性炭吸附,烟气通过活性炭吸附箱去除水雾及异味;11), activated carbon adsorption, the flue gas is removed by the activated carbon adsorption box to remove water mist and odor;

12)、过滤细微颗粒,烟气通过微滤器,将细微颗粒过滤掉;12), filter fine particles, the flue gas passes through the micro filter to filter out the fine particles;

13)、处理后的烟气实现达标排放;13), the treated flue gas achieves emission standards;

14)、污水净化后进行中水回用。14) Reclaimed water is reused after sewage purification.

进一步的,所述燃烧炉的内侧壁上设有烟道,所述烟道与所述出气管相通,所述冷水管装于所述燃烧炉的侧壁和底部。Further, a flue is provided on the inner side wall of the combustion furnace, the flue is communicated with the gas outlet pipe, and the cold water pipe is installed on the side wall and bottom of the combustion furnace.

进一步的,所述降温除尘塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气微生物降解槽中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂。Further, the water bodies used in the cooling and dust removal towers, water bath cabinets, spray towers, and aeration microbial degradation tanks all contain organic solvents.

进一步的,还包括污水净化池,用于回收降温除尘塔、水浴柜、喷淋塔、曝气微生物降解槽使用过程中产生的废水,污水净化池对水体净化后进行中水回用。Further, it also includes a sewage purification tank, which is used to recover the waste water generated during the use of cooling and dust removal towers, water bath cabinets, spray towers, and aeration microbial degradation tanks.

进一步的,所述燃烧炉包括一个隔层,垃圾首先置于隔层上,在垃圾焚烧的热量作用下进行干燥,干燥后的垃圾再进入炉膛进行焚烧减量处理。Further, the combustion furnace includes a partition layer, and the garbage is first placed on the partition layer, dried under the action of the heat of garbage incineration, and then the dried garbage enters the furnace for incineration and weight reduction treatment.

进一步的,所述降温除尘塔采用旋风除尘的方式,同时在顶部布置数个喷头喷洒冷却水。Further, the cooling and dust removal tower adopts a cyclone dust removal method, and at the same time, several nozzles are arranged on the top to spray cooling water.

进一步的,所述水浴柜由隔板分成进气仓和出气仓两个空间,两个空间底部相通但用水封住,在负压风机作用下使出气仓产生负压,使出气仓水面升高、进气仓水面降低,烟气通过底部通道并过水降温除尘。Further, the water bath cabinet is divided into two spaces, an air inlet silo and an air outlet silo by a partition, and the bottoms of the two spaces are connected but sealed with water. Under the action of the negative pressure fan, the air outlet silo generates negative pressure, so that the water level of the air outlet silo is raised. , The water surface of the air intake silo is lowered, and the flue gas passes through the bottom channel and passes through the water to cool down and remove dust.

进一步的,所述喷淋塔采用单级或多级喷淋系统对烟尘进行充分喷淋除尘,喷淋塔的烟气出口处安装除雾装置。Further, the spray tower adopts a single-stage or multi-stage spray system to fully spray and remove the smoke and dust, and a demisting device is installed at the flue gas outlet of the spray tower.

进一步的,所述曝气微生物降解槽中的水体含有有机溶剂和微生物菌种。Further, the water body in the aerated microbial degradation tank contains organic solvent and microbial strains.

进一步的,所述微滤器采用0.1微米的孔隙的微滤板作为过滤元件。Further, the microfilter adopts a microfilter plate with a pore size of 0.1 microns as a filter element.

与现有技术相比,本发明所达到的有益效果是:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

1)、本发明采用烟气燃烧、降温、除尘、除二噁英、除异味的工序对焚烧烟气进行逐级处理,分离效果明显,尾气达标排放;1), the present invention adopts the operation of flue gas combustion, cooling, dust removal, dioxin removal, and odor removal to carry out step-by-step processing of incineration flue gas, the separation effect is obvious, and the exhaust gas is discharged up to the standard;

2)、本发明采用物理方法和微生物联合的方式处理烟气,投资和运行成本低,适合广大乡村规模推广;2), the present invention adopts physical method and microbial combination to process flue gas, the investment and operation cost are low, and it is suitable for large-scale promotion in rural areas;

3)、本发明处理过程中产生的污水自带净化装置,实现中水回用,不外排,没有二次污染。3) The sewage produced in the treatment process of the present invention has its own purification device, which realizes the reuse of the reclaimed water, and does not discharge to the outside, and there is no secondary pollution.

4)、本发明由于采用了烟气燃烧室对所产生的烟气进行处理,使得烟气的排放符合环保要求,减少了垃圾处理对环境造成的污染,同时,采用的垃圾燃烧炉结构简单,产品的成本低,产生的烟气中污染物质也大幅下降,达到节能减排的效果,有利于被广泛应用,具有较高的社会效益和经济效益。4), the present invention adopts the flue gas combustion chamber to process the generated flue gas, so that the discharge of the flue gas meets the environmental protection requirements, reduces the pollution caused by the garbage disposal to the environment, and at the same time, the adopted garbage combustion furnace has a simple structure, The cost of the product is low, and the pollutants in the generated flue gas are also greatly reduced, achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction, which is conducive to being widely used, and has high social and economic benefits.

附图说明Description of drawings

附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached image:

图1为本发明的整体布局示意图;Fig. 1 is the overall layout schematic diagram of the present invention;

图2为本发明中燃烧炉和烟气燃烧室的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the combustion furnace and the flue gas combustion chamber in the present invention;

图3为本发明中水浴柜的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a water bath cabinet in the present invention.

图中:1、燃烧炉,11、冷水管,12、燃烧室,13、进料口,14、出气管,15、进风口,16、烟道,17、引风机,18、出风口,2、烟气燃烧室,21、燃烧腔体,22、外壁,23、热风出口总管,24、进风总管,25、盘管,3、降温除尘塔,4、水浴柜,401、隔板,402、水浴柜进气仓,403、水浴柜出气仓,404、水浴柜负压风机,5、喷淋塔,6、曝气微生物降解槽,7、活性炭吸附箱,8、微滤器,9、污水净化池,10、烟气排放口。In the picture: 1. Combustion furnace, 11, cold water pipe, 12, combustion chamber, 13, feed inlet, 14, air outlet pipe, 15, air inlet, 16, flue, 17, induced draft fan, 18, air outlet, 2 , flue gas combustion chamber, 21, combustion chamber, 22, outer wall, 23, hot air outlet header, 24, inlet header, 25, coil, 3, cooling and dust removal tower, 4, water bath cabinet, 401, clapboard, 402 , Inlet chamber of water bath cabinet, 403, Air outlet chamber of water bath cabinet, 404, Negative pressure fan of water bath cabinet, 5, Spray tower, 6, Aeration microbial degradation tank, 7, Activated carbon adsorption box, 8, Microfilter, 9, Sewage Purification pool, 10, flue gas discharge port.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

请参阅图1-3,本发明提供一种技术方案:Please refer to Figures 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution:

一种无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺,主要由用于对垃圾进行干燥并焚烧的燃烧炉1、用于对垃圾燃烧产生的烟气进行再次燃烧的烟气燃烧室2、用于对垃圾燃烧产生的烟气进行快速降温除尘的降温除尘塔3、用于对烟气进行水浴除尘的水浴柜4、用于对烟气进行喷淋除尘的喷淋塔5、用于对烟气中的有机污染物进行微生物降解的曝气微生物降解槽6、用于去除烟气中的水雾及异味的活性炭吸附箱7、用于过滤烟气中的细微颗粒的微滤器8以及烟气排放口10依次连接而成;还包括污水净化池9,用于回收降温除尘塔3、水浴柜4、喷淋塔5、曝气微生物降解槽6使用过程中产生的废水;还包括引风机17,所述燃烧炉1内装有冷水管11,在所述燃烧炉1的下部设有燃烧室12,所述燃烧室12处设有进料口13,在所述燃烧炉1的外侧设有出气管14,所述引风机17的进风口15接于所述出气管14上,所述引风机17的出风口18与所述烟气燃烧室2相连接,所述烟气燃烧室2包括由外壁22构成的燃烧腔体21,所述燃烧室12内产生的烟气在所述燃烧腔体21内进行再次燃烧,所述烟气燃烧室2的一端外壁上设有烟气出口,所述烟气燃烧室2内还设有换热装置。A harmless waste incineration treatment process is mainly composed of a combustion furnace 1 for drying and incinerating waste, a flue gas combustion chamber 2 for re-burning the flue gas generated by the combustion of waste, and Cooling and dust removal tower for rapid cooling and dust removal of flue gas 3. Water bath cabinet for water bath dust removal of flue gas 4. Spray tower for spraying and dust removal of flue gas 5. For organic pollution in flue gas The aeration microbial degradation tank 6 for microbial degradation of substances, the activated carbon adsorption box 7 for removing water mist and peculiar smell in the flue gas, the micro filter 8 for filtering fine particles in the flue gas, and the flue gas discharge port 10 are connected in sequence. It also includes a sewage purification tank 9, which is used to recover the waste water generated during the use of the cooling and dust removal tower 3, the water bath cabinet 4, the spray tower 5, and the aeration microbial degradation tank 6; it also includes an induced draft fan 17, the combustion furnace 1 is equipped with a cold water pipe 11, a combustion chamber 12 is arranged at the lower part of the combustion furnace 1, a feeding port 13 is arranged at the combustion chamber 12, and an air outlet pipe 14 is arranged on the outer side of the combustion furnace 1. The air inlet 15 of the induced draft fan 17 is connected to the air outlet pipe 14 , and the air outlet 18 of the induced draft fan 17 is connected to the smoke combustion chamber 2 , and the smoke combustion chamber 2 includes a combustion chamber composed of an outer wall 22 . A cavity 21, the flue gas generated in the combustion chamber 12 is re-burned in the combustion cavity 21, and a flue gas outlet is provided on the outer wall of one end of the flue gas combustion chamber 2, and the flue gas combustion chamber 2 There is also a heat exchange device inside.

所述无害化垃圾焚烧处理工艺,包括以下步骤:The harmless waste incineration treatment process includes the following steps:

1)、垃圾在燃烧炉1内干燥并充分燃烧;1), the garbage is dried and fully burned in the combustion furnace 1;

2)、燃烧产生的烟气进入烟气燃烧室2内对所产生的烟气进行处理;2) The flue gas generated by combustion enters the flue gas combustion chamber 2 to process the generated flue gas;

3)、将步骤2)中处理过的烟气进入降温除尘塔3进行降温和初步除尘;3), enter the flue gas treated in step 2) into the cooling and dust removal tower 3 to carry out cooling and preliminary dust removal;

4)、将降温除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池9;4), recycling the sewage generated during the cooling and dust removal process to the sewage purification tank 9;

5)、初步除尘的烟气然后进入水浴柜4进行水洗除尘;5), the flue gas of preliminary dedusting then enters the water bath cabinet 4 for washing and dedusting;

6)、将水洗除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池9;6), recycling the sewage generated in the process of washing and dedusting to the sewage purification tank 9;

7)、烟气进入喷淋塔5再次除尘;7), the flue gas enters the spray tower 5 to be dedusted again;

8)、将喷淋除尘过程中产生的污水回收至污水净化池9;8) Recycle the sewage generated in the process of spraying and dedusting to the sewage purification tank 9;

9)、喷淋塔5出来的烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽6,分离烟气中的二噁英并进行微生物降解;9), the flue gas coming out of the spray tower 5 enters the aeration microbial degradation tank 6 through the aeration device, separates the dioxins in the flue gas and carries out microbial degradation;

10)、将曝气微生物降解槽6中产生的污水回收至污水净化池9;10), the sewage produced in the aeration microbial degradation tank 6 is recycled to the sewage purification tank 9;

11)、活性炭吸附,烟气通过活性炭吸附箱7去除水雾及异味;11), activated carbon adsorption, the flue gas removes water mist and peculiar smell through the activated carbon adsorption box 7;

12)、过滤细微颗粒,烟气通过微滤器8,将细微颗粒过滤掉;12), filter fine particles, the flue gas passes through the micro filter 8, and the fine particles are filtered out;

13)、处理后的烟气实现达标排放;13), the treated flue gas achieves emission standards;

14)、污水净化后进行中水回用。14) Reclaimed water is reused after sewage purification.

本实施例中,所述燃烧炉1的内侧壁上设有烟道16,所述烟道16与所述出气管14相通,所述冷水管11装于所述燃烧炉1的侧壁和底部。In this embodiment, a flue 16 is provided on the inner side wall of the combustion furnace 1 , the flue 16 communicates with the gas outlet pipe 14 , and the cold water pipe 11 is installed on the side wall and bottom of the combustion furnace 1 . .

本实施例中,所述降温除尘塔3、水浴柜4、喷淋塔5、曝气微生物降解槽6中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂。In this embodiment, the water bodies used in the cooling and dust removal tower 3, the water bath cabinet 4, the spray tower 5, and the aeration microbial degradation tank 6 all contain organic solvents.

本实施例中,所述燃烧炉1分为上下两层,上层隔层主要用于垃圾的干燥;下层为炉膛。垃圾首先置于燃烧炉1内的隔层上,在垃圾焚烧的热量作用下进行干燥,干燥后的垃圾再进入炉膛进行焚烧减量处理,从而保证燃烧效果。In this embodiment, the combustion furnace 1 is divided into upper and lower layers, the upper layer is mainly used for drying garbage, and the lower layer is the furnace. The garbage is first placed on the partition in the combustion furnace 1 and dried under the action of the heat of garbage incineration. The dried garbage then enters the furnace for incineration and weight reduction treatment, so as to ensure the combustion effect.

本实施例中,所述降温除尘塔3采用旋风除尘的方式,同时在顶部布置数个喷头喷洒冷却水。在烟气通过的同时进行初步的除尘处理;同时为了限制二噁英的生成,在顶部布置数个喷头喷洒冷却水,使烟气温度迅速降低从而避开二噁英的生成温度范围。In this embodiment, the cooling and dust removal tower 3 adopts a cyclone dust removal method, and at the same time, several nozzles are arranged on the top to spray cooling water. Preliminary dust removal treatment is carried out while the flue gas passes through; at the same time, in order to limit the generation of dioxins, several nozzles are arranged on the top to spray cooling water, so that the temperature of the flue gas is rapidly reduced and the temperature range of dioxin generation is avoided.

本实施例中,所述水浴柜4由隔板401分成进气仓402和出气仓403两个空间,两个空间底部相通但用水封住,在负压风机404的作用下使出气仓403产生负压,使出气仓403水面升高、进气仓402水面降低,烟气通过底部通道并过水从而达到降温除尘的目的,所述水浴柜4的作用在于采用烟气过水的方式对烟气进一步降温并水洗除尘。In this embodiment, the water bath cabinet 4 is divided into two spaces, an air inlet chamber 402 and an air outlet chamber 403 by a partition 401 . The bottoms of the two spaces are connected but sealed with water. Under the action of the negative pressure fan 404 , the air outlet chamber 403 is generated. The negative pressure makes the water surface of the air outlet 403 rise and the water surface of the air inlet 402 lower, and the flue gas passes through the bottom channel and passes through the water to achieve the purpose of cooling and dust removal. The air is further cooled down and washed with water to remove dust.

本实施例中,所述喷淋塔5可采用单级或多级喷淋系统对烟尘进行充分喷淋除尘,同时为了便于后续曝气处理,喷淋塔5必须安装除雾装置,去除烟气中混杂的雾气,所述喷淋塔5主要作用是深度除尘并除雾。In this embodiment, the spray tower 5 can use a single-stage or multi-stage spray system to fully spray and dedust the smoke. At the same time, in order to facilitate subsequent aeration treatment, the spray tower 5 must be equipped with a mist removal device to remove the flue gas. The main function of the spray tower 5 is to dedust in depth and remove mist.

本实施例中,所述曝气微生物降解槽6中的水体含有有机溶剂和微生物菌种。所述曝气微生物降解槽6主要作用是溶解分离烟气中的二噁英,并培养分解二噁英的菌种,进行微生物降解。具体方式为,烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽6,曝气微生物降解槽6中的水体含有有机溶剂和微生物菌种,在曝气过程中二噁英被含有有机溶剂的水体溶解分离到水体中,溶解到水体中的二噁英在微生物作用下实现降解。In this embodiment, the water body in the aeration microbial degradation tank 6 contains organic solvents and microbial strains. The main function of the aeration microbial degradation tank 6 is to dissolve and separate the dioxins in the flue gas, and to cultivate the bacteria that decompose the dioxins for microbial degradation. The specific method is that the flue gas enters the aeration microbial degradation tank 6 through the aeration device, the water body in the aeration microbial degradation tank 6 contains organic solvents and microbial strains, and dioxins are dissolved by the water body containing the organic solvent during the aeration process. Dioxins are separated into water bodies, and the dioxins dissolved in water bodies are degraded under the action of microorganisms.

本实施例中,所述活性炭吸附箱7主要作用为去除异味,活性炭吸附箱7内部填满微孔吸附材料活性炭或其他吸附材料,而两端留有一定空间方便烟气流动顺畅通过箱体,在烟气通过活性炭吸附箱7的过程中完全去除烟气中的水雾及异味。In this embodiment, the activated carbon adsorption box 7 is mainly used to remove odor. The activated carbon adsorption box 7 is filled with microporous adsorption material activated carbon or other adsorption materials, and a certain space is left at both ends to facilitate the smooth flow of flue gas through the box body. In the process of the flue gas passing through the activated carbon adsorption box 7, the water mist and peculiar smell in the flue gas are completely removed.

本实施例中,所述微滤器8采用0.1微米的孔隙的微滤板作为过滤元件。所述微滤器8主要作用是过滤细微颗粒物,采用快速扣件进行安装固定,方便拆装,可经常换洗,通过微滤器8将烟气中的细微颗粒过滤掉,实现达标排放。In this embodiment, the microfilter 8 uses a microfilter plate with a pore size of 0.1 microns as a filter element. The main function of the microfilter 8 is to filter fine particles. It is installed and fixed with quick fasteners, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly. It can be changed and washed frequently.

本实施例中,所述污水净化池9整个装置中的水体含有有机溶剂方便溶解二噁英,所有的水体通过管道进入污水净化池9,水体经过净化后进行中水回用,不外排。In this embodiment, the water in the entire device of the sewage purification tank 9 contains organic solvents to dissolve dioxins, all the water enters the sewage purification tank 9 through pipes, and the water is purified and reused for reclaimed water without being discharged.

本实施例中,所述污水净化池9主要起水体净化和培养微生物菌种的作用。整个系统中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂方便溶解二噁英,所有的水体通过管道进入污水净化池9,污水净化池9分为三段,前段沉淀、中段过滤净化,后段进行中水回用。整个系统使用的污水不外排,对系统定期进行清理维护。In this embodiment, the sewage purification tank 9 mainly plays the role of water purification and culturing of microbial strains. The water used in the whole system contains organic solvents to facilitate the dissolution of dioxins. All the water enters the sewage purification tank 9 through pipes. The sewage purification tank 9 is divided into three sections. use. The sewage used in the whole system is not discharged, and the system is regularly cleaned and maintained.

工作原理:垃圾在燃烧炉隔层上干燥后,进入炉膛充分燃烧;燃烧产生的烟气进入烟气燃烧室内对所产生的烟气进行处理;将处理过的烟气进入降温除尘塔进行降温和初步除尘;然后进入水浴柜进行水洗除尘;再进入喷淋塔再次除尘;喷淋塔出来的烟气经曝气装置进入曝气微生物降解槽,分离烟气中的二噁英并进行微生物降解;烟气然后通过活性炭吸附箱去除水雾及异味;烟气最后通过微滤器,将细微颗粒过滤掉,实现达标排放;系统中用到的水体均含有有机溶剂,所有的水体通过管道进入污水净化池,水体净化后进行中水回用。Working principle: After the garbage is dried on the partition of the combustion furnace, it enters the furnace for full combustion; the flue gas generated by the combustion enters the flue gas combustion chamber to process the generated flue gas; the treated flue gas enters the cooling and dust removal tower for cooling and cooling. Preliminary dust removal; then enter the water bath cabinet for washing and dust removal; then enter the spray tower for dust removal again; the flue gas from the spray tower enters the aeration microbial degradation tank through the aeration device to separate the dioxins in the flue gas and carry out microbial degradation; The flue gas then passes through the activated carbon adsorption box to remove water mist and peculiar smell; the flue gas finally passes through the micro filter to filter out the fine particles to achieve standard discharge; the water bodies used in the system all contain organic solvents, and all the water bodies enter the sewage purification tank through pipes , the water is reused after purification.

本发明采用烟气燃烧、降温、除尘、除二噁英、除异味的工序对焚烧烟气进行逐级处理,分离效果明显,尾气达标排放;采用物理方法和微生物联合的方式处理烟气,投资和运行成本低,适合广大乡村规模推广;处理过程中产生的污水自带净化装置,实现中水回用,不外排,没有二次污染;采用了烟气燃烧室对所产生的烟气进行处理,使得烟气的排放符合环保要求,减少了垃圾处理对环境造成的污染,同时,采用的垃圾燃烧炉结构简单,产品的成本低,产生的烟气中污染物质也大幅下降,达到节能减排的效果,有利于被广泛应用,具有较高的社会效益和经济效益。The invention adopts the processes of flue gas combustion, cooling, dust removal, dioxin removal, and odor removal to process the incineration flue gas step by step, the separation effect is obvious, and the exhaust gas is discharged up to the standard; It is suitable for large-scale promotion in rural areas; the sewage generated in the treatment process has its own purification device, which realizes the reuse of reclaimed water, no external discharge, and no secondary pollution; a flue gas combustion chamber is used to clean the generated flue gas. The treatment makes the emission of flue gas meet the requirements of environmental protection and reduces the pollution caused by waste treatment to the environment. At the same time, the waste combustion furnace used has a simple structure, low product cost, and the pollutants in the generated flue gas are also greatly reduced, achieving energy saving and reducing. The effect of the row is conducive to being widely used, and has high social and economic benefits.

最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, the The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique, it is characterised in that: including the combustion for being dried and burning to rubbish Burn furnace, the smoke combustion room for being burnt again to the flue gas that incineration firing generates, the cigarette for generating to incineration firing Gas carries out the cooling gas wash tower of fast cooling dedusting, the water-bath cabinet for carrying out flue gas water bath dust-removing, is used to carry out flue gas The spray column of spraying and dedusting, is used the aeration microbial degradation slot for carrying out microbial degradation to the organic pollutant in flue gas Activated carbon adsorption case, the microstrainer and cigarette for filtering the fine particle in flue gas of water mist and peculiar smell in removal flue gas Gas discharge outlet;
It further include air-introduced machine, the combustion furnace is provided with cold water pipe, is equipped with combustion chamber, the burning in the lower part of the combustion furnace It is equipped with feed inlet at room, is equipped with escape pipe in the outside of the combustion furnace, the air inlet of the air-introduced machine is connected to the escape pipe On, the air outlet of the air-introduced machine is connected with the smoke combustion room, and the smoke combustion room includes the combustion being made of outer wall Cavity is burnt, the flue gas generated in the combustion chamber is burnt again in the burning cavity, and the one of the smoke combustion room It holds outer wall to be equipped with exhanst gas outlet, is additionally provided with heat-exchanger rig in the smoke combustion room;
The innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique, comprising the following steps:
1), rubbish dry and full combustion in combustion furnace;
2), the flue gas that burning generates, which enters in smoke combustion room, handles generated flue gas;
3) flue gas processed in step 2), is entered into cooling gas wash tower and carries out cooling and preliminary dust removal;
4) sewage generated in the dust removal process that cools down, is recycled to sewage purifier;
5), the flue gas of preliminary dust removal carries out washing dedusting subsequently into water-bath cabinet;
6) sewage generated in dust removal process, will be washed and be recycled to sewage purifier;
7), flue gas enters spray column dedusting again;
8) sewage generated during spraying and dedusting, is recycled to sewage purifier;
9), the flue gas that spray column comes out enters aeration microbial degradation slot through aerator, and the dioxin in separating flue is gone forward side by side Row microbial degradation;
10) sewage generated in microbial degradation slot, will be aerated and be recycled to sewage purifier;
11), activated carbon adsorption, flue gas remove water mist and peculiar smell by activated carbon adsorption case;
12) fine particle, is filtered, flue gas is filtered out fine particle by microstrainer;
13), treated, and flue gas realizes qualified discharge;
14) Treated sewage reusing, is carried out after sewage purification.
2. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the combustion furnace it is interior Side wall is equipped with flue, and the flue is communicated with the escape pipe, side wall and bottom of the cold water pipe loaded on the combustion furnace.
3. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cooling dedusting Tower, water-bath cabinet, spray column, the water body used contains organic solvent in aeration microbial degradation slot.
4. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: further include sewage Clarifier-tank, for recycling cooling gas wash tower, water-bath cabinet, spray column, being aerated the waste water generated in microbial degradation slot use process, Sewage purifier is to carrying out Treated sewage reusing after water body purification.
5. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the combustion furnace includes One interlayer, rubbish are initially positioned on interlayer, are dried under the heat effect of waste incineration, the rubbish after drying enters back into Burner hearth carries out burning decrement treatment.
6. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: the cooling removes Chimney sprays cooling water by the way of cyclone dust removal, while in the several spray heads of top layout.
7. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: the water-bath cabinet Air inlet storehouse and out gas storehouse two spaces are divided by partition, two spaces bottom communicates but lived with water seal, under negative-pressure air fan effect It uses gas storehouse and generates negative pressure, use the raising of the gas storehouse water surface, the reduction of the air inlet storehouse water surface, flue gas, which passes through foot passage and crosses water cooling, to be removed Dirt.
8. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: the spray column Abundant spraying and dedusting is carried out to flue dust using single-stage or multi-stage spray system, the smoke outlet of spray column installs demister.
9. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: the aeration is micro- Water body in biodegrading tank contains organic solvent and microorganism fungus kind.
10. a kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the microstrainer is adopted Use the micro-filtration plate of 0.1 micron of hole as filter element.
CN201810721722.4A 2018-07-04 2018-07-04 A kind of innoxious incineration treatment of garbage technique Pending CN109931617A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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CN110878943A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-13 宜昌江峡船用机械有限责任公司 Waste incineration system and efficient incineration control method
CN113289441A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-24 中国矿业大学 Device and method for purifying domestic garbage cracking gasification tail gas
CN117685568A (en) * 2023-12-08 2024-03-12 中益创利生态环保科技有限公司 A harmless treatment method for dead pets

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CN107131506A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-05 成都尚智恒达科技有限公司 A kind of solid waste incinerator
CN107166402A (en) * 2017-05-27 2017-09-15 湖南绿依环保科技有限公司 A kind of consumer waste incineration innocuity disposal system and technique
CN207019077U (en) * 2017-06-26 2018-02-16 深圳市鑫陶窑炉设备有限公司 A kind of solid waste incinerator

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US20150338094A1 (en) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 Wei-Hsuan Liu Waste energy recovery system
CN107166402A (en) * 2017-05-27 2017-09-15 湖南绿依环保科技有限公司 A kind of consumer waste incineration innocuity disposal system and technique
CN107131506A (en) * 2017-06-26 2017-09-05 成都尚智恒达科技有限公司 A kind of solid waste incinerator
CN207019077U (en) * 2017-06-26 2018-02-16 深圳市鑫陶窑炉设备有限公司 A kind of solid waste incinerator

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110878943A (en) * 2019-11-28 2020-03-13 宜昌江峡船用机械有限责任公司 Waste incineration system and efficient incineration control method
CN113289441A (en) * 2021-06-04 2021-08-24 中国矿业大学 Device and method for purifying domestic garbage cracking gasification tail gas
CN117685568A (en) * 2023-12-08 2024-03-12 中益创利生态环保科技有限公司 A harmless treatment method for dead pets

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Application publication date: 20190625