CN109921713A - Generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method based on the injection of d shaft current - Google Patents

Generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method based on the injection of d shaft current Download PDF

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CN109921713A
CN109921713A CN201910149598.3A CN201910149598A CN109921713A CN 109921713 A CN109921713 A CN 109921713A CN 201910149598 A CN201910149598 A CN 201910149598A CN 109921713 A CN109921713 A CN 109921713A
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sector
vector
failure
bridge arm
switch pipe
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CN109921713B (en
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冯延晖
秦伟
孙超
邱颖宁
黄凯
任铭
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control methods based on the injection of d shaft current, in conjunction with running situation adjustment d axis to constant current;Sector division mode is selected to carry out sector division;Determine the variation of influence and failure front and back basic voltage vectors of the breakdown switch pipe to each sector;Determine the action time of basic voltage vectors before the basic voltage vectors and failure of each sector;Adjustment is influenced the basic voltage vectors action time of sector by breakdown switch pipe;Determine the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe;Switching tube turn-on time is modulated with triangular carrier, determines switching tube pwm pulse, determines switching tube on-off, d shaft current is completed and injects faults-tolerant control.The present invention changes the size and phase in faulted phase current zero current hoop position section by changing generator d axis Injection Current, so that reducing breakdown switch pipe influences system bring, improves the performance of generator-side converter wear after failure.

Description

Generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method based on the injection of d shaft current
Technical field
The present invention relates to it is a kind of based on d shaft current injection generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method, belong to power conversion with Control field.
Background technique
As the key and core of wind generator system, failure or the function forfeiture of converter system can seriously threaten great Overall operation performance is equipped, or even brings lethal affect, leads to catastrophic failure.Therefore, high-reliability, strong fault tolerance are established The wind generator system system of energy, secondary system failure caused by avoiding because of current transformer failure have important theory and reality Meaning has strategic influence for the development of the national economy and national defense safety.
Existing pusher side PWM converter fault-tolerant way is divided into hardware fault-tolerant control and software fault-tolerant controls two major classes, wherein The mode of software fault-tolerant can when switching tube breaks down, by changing system running policy and control parameter, to failure into Row fault-tolerant processing haves no need to change system existing hardware layout and addition redundant component, using non-defective device that system is maximum Degree is restored to the operating status before failure.Chinese patent 201510277790.2 proposes the appearance of three-phase bridge PWM rectifier Wrong control method realizes amendment to reference pressure vector, realizes the fault-tolerant operation of rectifier by correcting switching mode.Above-mentioned side Method is not directed to influence of the breakdown switch pipe to each sector and is accurately compensated, not by the sector of switching tube failure also into It has gone compensation, has belonged to overcompensation.Paper " the PWM rectifier fault-tolerant control system replaced based on NCAV and circuit equivalent " is proposed The fault tolerant control method of PWM rectifier based on equivalent circuit, this method is also without being directed to breakdown switch pipe to each sector Influence is accurately compensated, and in the sector of multiple fault vector joint effects, is not compensated, belonged to undercompensation. Paper " a kind of rectifier fault tolerant control method based on Frequency conversion control " proposes a kind of rectifier based on space vector Fault tolerant control method, this method do not establish unified sector partition function, cannot achieve to multiple bridge arm switching tube failures into Row faults-tolerant control, accurately compensates although single switching transistor may be implemented, and does not consider negative effect of the breakdown switch pipe to system, The effect of faults-tolerant control is not best.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control methods based on the injection of d shaft current, reduce Breakdown switch pipe influences system bring, improves the performance of generator-side converter wear after failure.
The technical solution for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: a kind of fault-tolerant control of generator-side converter wear based on the injection of d shaft current Method processed, includes the following steps:
Step 1, according to system running state, adjust d shaft current given value;
Step 2, selection sector division mode, carry out sector division;
Step 3, according to the position of breakdown switch pipe, determine basic before and after influence and failure of the breakdown switch pipe to each sector The variation of voltage vector;
Step 4, the action time for determining basic voltage vectors before the basic voltage vectors and failure of each sector;
Step 5, according to substantially electric before the variation and failure of the sector, failure basic voltage vectors that are influenced by breakdown switch pipe It presses the action time of vector, adjustment is influenced the basic voltage vectors action time of sector by breakdown switch pipe;
Step 6, the case where being influenced according to the action time and sector of basic voltage vectors by breakdown switch pipe, determine three-phase The turn-on time of switching tube;
Switching tube turn-on time and triangular carrier are modulated by step 7, are determined switching tube pwm pulse, are determined switching tube On-off completes d shaft current and injects faults-tolerant control.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage are as follows: 1) present invention changes stator electricity by changing a reference value Flow vector IsWith reference voltage vector V* refBetween angle, improve zero current hoop position phenomenon caused by breakdown switch pipe, mention The faults-tolerant control effect of breakdown switch pipe is risen;2) present invention need to only modify the software algorithm in master controller, and algorithm is simply easy It realizes, without increasing additional hardware cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the d shaft current injection faults-tolerant control block diagram of direct-drive aerogenerator generator-side converter wear system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the topological schematic diagram of two level PWM rectifier main circuit of three-phase of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is based on the flow charts of the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection.
Fig. 4 is eight sector fundamental space voltage vector-diagrams in α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is 12 sector fundamental space voltage vector-diagrams in α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the sector that generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure of the present invention is influenced under eight sector partition modes by breakdown switch pipe Distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is that the two-tube failure of generator-side converter wear S1, S4 of the present invention is influenced under eight sector partition modes by breakdown switch pipe Sector distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the fan that generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure of the present invention is influenced under 12 sector partition modes by breakdown switch pipe Area's distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 be the two-tube failure of generator-side converter wear S1, S3 of the present invention under 12 sector partition modes by breakdown switch Guan Ying Loud sector distribution schematic diagram.
Figure 10 be the two-tube failure of generator-side converter wear S1, S4 of the present invention under 12 sector partition modes by breakdown switch Guan Ying Loud sector distribution schematic diagram.
Figure 11 be the two-tube failure of generator-side converter wear S1, S6 of the present invention under 12 sector partition modes by breakdown switch Guan Ying Loud sector distribution schematic diagram.
Figure 12 be tri- pipe failure of generator-side converter wear S1, S3, S5 of the present invention under 12 sector partition modes by breakdown switch The sector distribution schematic diagram that pipe influences.
Figure 13 is that the voltage vector of generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure of the present invention sector VII under 12 sector partition modes closes Cheng Tu.
Figure 14 is sector monocycle PWM generation figure when generator-side converter wear S1 pipe of the present invention is normal.
Figure 15 is generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure of the present invention faults-tolerant control, the injection of d shaft current in eight sector partition modes The current phasor trajectory diagram of α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system under faults-tolerant control two states.
Figure 16 is generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure of the present invention faults-tolerant control, d shaft current note in 12 sector partition mode Enter the current phasor trajectory diagram of α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system under faults-tolerant control two states.
Figure 17 is generator-side converter wear S1 pipe normal operation of the present invention, failure operation, 12 sector fault-tolerant operations, d shaft current Inject generator speed waveform diagram under four kinds of states of faults-tolerant control.
Figure label explanation: 6 power switch tubes in S1~S6 generator-side converter wear, 6 afterflows of D1~D6 generator-side converter wear Diode, 6 fastp-acting fuses of F1~F6 generator-side converter wear, La,Lb,LcFor generator unit stator winding equivalent inductance, ua,ub,uc For generator equivalent voltage source.C is DC side electric capacity of voltage regulation.Three-phase current ia,ib,icThree generated for magneto alternator Phase current, vwFor natural wind speed size, ωmFor magneto alternator angular speed, θ is three-phase current electrical angle, id,iqFor dq Current feedback values under two-phase rotating coordinate system,For the given value of current value under dq two-phase rotating coordinate system,Turn for motor Square value of feedback,For the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system.tfAt the time of breaking down for switching tube, tcomAt the time of to carry out faults-tolerant control to failure, tcom1At the time of to carry out d shaft current faults-tolerant control to failure.
Specific embodiment
In the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention program is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is the d shaft current injection faults-tolerant control block diagram of permanent magnet direct-drive wind-force generating machine generator-side converter wear system, Fig. 2 Two level PWM rectifier main circuit topology schematic diagram of three-phase is given, generator side is equivalent to three-phase voltage source ua,ub,ucWith Stator inductance La,Lb,Lc.In practical application, power switch tube and break down simultaneously with its antiparallel diode general Rate is minimum, so the present invention only considers that power switch tube breaks down, default is still worked normally with its antiparallel diode.When Power switch tube (S in Fig. 21~S6) break down, it include mainly open-circuit fault and short trouble, short trouble can be by connecting Fastp-acting fuse (F1~F6) it is converted into open-circuit fault, other failures can be turned by closing breakdown switch pipe drive pulse signal Turn to open-circuit fault.In conclusion the present invention is directed to power switch tube open-circuit fault, the pusher side unsteady flow of d shaft current injection is proposed Device fault tolerant control method, as shown in Figure 3, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1, according to system running state, adjust d shaft current given value;
From the above equation, we can see that due to rotor flux ψfIt is only related with permanent magnet material and structure, stator equivalent inductance value L Only related with electric generator structure, motor operation is almost unchanged when stablizing.When converter system is stable, change can be passed through D shaft current given value id *To control stator current vector IsWith reference voltage vector V* refBetween angleTo change failure The size and phase in phase current zero current hoop position section, improve the performance of converter system.Meanwhile different converter system institute The d shaft current value for needing to inject is different, and adjusts injection d shaft current value, according to above formula to reach converter system demand.
Step 2, selection sector division mode carry out sector division, and sector division mode includes eight sectors and 12 sectors two Kind, the detailed process that two kinds of sectors divide are as follows:
(1) if using eight sector partitioning methods, six variables are defined:
In formula,For the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system, by the d shaft current given value adjusted It determines.
Define sign function:
In formula, i=A, B, C, D, E, F;
Since tri- bridge arm failures of a, b, c correspond to different demarcation sector coordinate system, in order to accurately be fanned to failure Area carries out faults-tolerant control, defines three sectors here and divides coordinate system function Na,Nb,Nc
Enable Na=H (A)+H (B)+4H (C)+3H (D)
Enable Nb=4G (B)+3G (C)+G (D)+H (E)
Enable Nc=3H (B)+H (C)+4H (D)+H (F)
Calculated value N is determined by table 1a,Nb,NcThe existing corresponding relationship between the number of actual sector
1 calculated value N of tablea,Nb,NcWith sector corresponding relationship
Sector number
Calculated value Na 6 2 4 3 7 5 1 8
Calculated value Nb 2 4 3 7 5 6 1 8
Calculated value Nc 4 3 7 5 6 2 1 8
According to the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate systemDetermine rotary reference vector Vref *, work as rotation Turn reference vector Vref *It rotates a circle, obtains calculated value NaVariation sequence are as follows: 6 → 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 → 7 → 8;Calculated value Nb's Variation sequence is 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 → 7 → 8 → 5 → 6;Calculated value NcVariation sequence be 4 → 3 → 7 → 8 → 5 → 6 → 2 → 1;
Different sector partition functions is selected according to the position of breakdown switch pipe, when a phase bridge arm switching tube failure selects to fan Division function Na, pass through NaVariation sequence determine actual sector number variation sequence to get eight sectors division such as Fig. 4 (a) shown in;When b phase bridge arm switching tube failure selects sector partition function Nb, pass through NbVariation sequence determine actual sector number Variation sequence to get eight sectors division such as Fig. 4 (b) shown in;When c phase bridge arm switching tube failure selects sector partition function Nc, pass through NcVariation sequence determine actual sector number variation sequence to get eight sectors division such as Fig. 4 (c) shown in;
(2) if using 12 sector partitioning methods, sign function is defined:
In formula, i=A, B, C, D, E, F.
Enable N=sign (A)+sign (B)+2sign (C)+2sign (D)+4sign (E)+3sign (F)
Existing corresponding relationship between calculated value N and actual sector number is determined by table 2;
2 calculated value N of table and sector corresponding relationship
Calculated value N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Sector number
According to the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate systemDetermine rotary reference vector Vref *, work as rotation Reference vector Vref *It rotates a circle, the variation sequence of calculated value N are as follows: 8 → 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 → 6 → 5 → 9 → 11 → 12 → 10 → 7 → 8, i.e. the variation sequence of actual sector number is as shown in Figure 5 to get the division of 12 sectors.
Step 3, according to the position of breakdown switch pipe, determine basic before and after influence and failure of the breakdown switch pipe to each sector The variation of voltage vector;
Determine influence of the breakdown switch pipe to each sector, the method for dividing failure sector and normal sector are as follows:
If determining the fan influenced in eight sectors by breakdown switch pipe according to table 3~5 using eight sector division modes Area, i.e. failure sector;If determined in 12 sectors according to table 6 by breakdown switch pipe using 12 sector division modes The sector of influence;
The corresponding impacted sector of 3 eight sector a phase bridge arm switching tube failure of table
Breakdown switch pipe serial number
S1 (bridge arm in a phase)
S4 (a phase lower bridge arm)
The corresponding impacted sector of 4 eight sector b phase bridge arm switching tube failure of table
Breakdown switch pipe serial number
S3 (bridge arm in b phase)
S6 (b phase lower bridge arm)
The corresponding impacted sector of 5 eight sector c phase bridge arm switching tube failure of table
Breakdown switch pipe serial number
S5 (bridge arm in c phase)
S2 (c phase lower bridge arm)
The corresponding impacted sector of 60 two sector single switching transistor failure of table
Switching tube serial number
S1 (bridge arm in a phase)
S4 (a phase lower bridge arm)
S3 (bridge arm in b phase)
S6 (b phase lower bridge arm)
S5 (bridge arm in c phase)
S2 (c phase lower bridge arm)
In table, grey parts indicate that sector is influenced by breakdown switch pipe, i.e. failure sector, white portion indicate sector not by Breakdown switch pipe influences, i.e. normal sector.
The method for determining switching tube failure front and back basic voltage vectors are as follows: determine that switching tube failure front and back is basic according to table 7 Voltage vector, that is, failure zero vector and effective vector situation of change, determines false voltage vector;
Voltage vector changes table before and after 7 single switching transistor failure of table
In table, the switch state up and down of same bridge arm is set as complementation, i.e., then lower bridge arm is connected in bridge arm on same bridge arm It must turn off, this state is denoted as 1, similarly, bridge arm on same bridge arm is closed, the state of lower bridge arm conducting is denoted as 0, and three Bridge arm has 8 kinds of Switch State Combination in Power Systems under the premise of same bridge arm is complementary, " 000 ", " 100 ", " 110 ", " 010 ", " 011 ", " 001 ", " 101 ", " 111 " corresponding eight basic voltage vectors, including six effective two zero vectors of vector sum.
Step 4, the action time for determining basic voltage vectors before the basic voltage vectors and failure of each sector, specifically Method are as follows:
Firstly, defining intermediate variable are as follows:
In formula,For the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system, UdcFor DC side output voltage, TsFor Sampling period;
Then, it is determined that in each sector basic voltage vectors effective vector action time T1And T2
If it is eight sectors, then the action time of effective vector in each sector basic voltage vectors is determined according to table 8~10 T1And T2
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when table 8a phase bridge arm failure
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when table 9b phase bridge arm failure
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when table 10c phase bridge arm failure
If it is 12 sectors, then the effectively action time T of vector in each sector basic voltage vectors is determined according to table 111 And T2
11 sector of table and basic voltage vectors action time relationship
Then, according to the action time T of effective vector1And T2Calculate the action time T of zero vector in basic voltage vectors0 =Ts-T1-T2
Finally, carrying out ovennodulation judgement, i.e., two are judged after the action time for calculating two non-zero basic voltage vectors The sum of time whether be greater than the sampling period, will cause output voltage serious distortion if more than the sampling period, need to twice into Row is redistributed, distribution principle are as follows:
Then synthesized reference voltage rotating vector Vref *Proportionality coefficient are as follows:
That is:
Step 5, according to the action time of basic voltage vectors before the variation and failure of failure basic voltage vectors, adjustment by The basic voltage vectors action time of breakdown switch pipe influence sector;
Adjustment is influenced basic voltage vectors action time of sector by breakdown switch pipe method particularly includes:
(1) eight sector division modes are used
For only have zero vector influence and zero vector there is no the sector of simultaneous faults, replace failure null vector with normal zero vector Amount, that is, the action time that normal zero vector is arranged is T0, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector;
For using normal null vector by multiple false voltage vector joint effects and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults Amount replaces failure zero vector, completes the compensation to zero vector, using not having faulty effective vector, is had based on compensation principle calculating Effect vector action time recombines reference voltage rotating vector Vref *, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector, the compensation principle Including reflection method, etc. axis components method and wait modulus methods;
(2) 12 sector division modes are used
For only have zero vector influence and zero vector there is no the sector of simultaneous faults, replace failure null vector with normal zero vector Amount, that is, the action time that normal zero vector is arranged is T0, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector, T0For the effect of zero vector before failure Time;
For using normal null vector by multiple false voltage vector joint effects and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults Amount replaces failure zero vector, using not having faulty effective vector, calculates effective vector action time again based on compensation principle Synthesized reference voltage rotating vector Vref *, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector, the compensation principle include reflection method, etc. axis components Method and equal modulus methods;
For the sector of zero vector simultaneous faults, due in the sector without normal zero vector, can not be to output vector It is adjusted, reference voltage rotating vector Vref *Output modulus value reaches maximum, this sector can not carry out faults-tolerant control;
For the sector of multiple fault vector joint effects and zero vector simultaneous faults, due to no normal in the sector Output vector can not be adjusted in zero vector, reference voltage rotating vector Vref *Output modulus value reaches maximum, this sector can not Carry out faults-tolerant control.
Being described in detail below each compensation time determines method.
Reflection method be the prior art frequently with method, details are not described herein again.
Equal modulus methods are the vector V before making failureref *It is long consistent with the mould of effective vector, when calculating the compensation of effective vector Between.Failure zero vector is replaced using normal zero vector, completes compensation to zero vector, using not having faulty effective vector, By reference voltage rotating vector Vref *On orthogonal mapping to effective vector, it is based on and reference voltage rotating vector Vref *Equal moulds principle Calculate the action time of normal effectively vectorRealize the faults-tolerant control of the sector.
Etc. axis components method be will be by the vector V before failureref *And effectively vector project is in β axis, by component it is identical based on Calculate effective vector compensation time.Failure zero vector is replaced using normal zero vector, and by reference voltage rotating vector Vref *It throws Shadow calculates the compensation ratio of normal effective voltage vector based on equal beta -axis components principle on β axis, that is, normal effective vector is arranged Action time T1+T2, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector, T1And T2For the action time of the effective vector of failure the first two.
Step 6, the action time according to basic voltage vectors and sectors type, determine the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe, Method particularly includes:
(1) eight sector division modes are used
First choice defines the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe for the sector not influenced by fault vector are as follows:
In formula, TsFor sampling period, T1And T2For the action time of effective vector;
Reference voltage rotating vector at this timeWith S1 pipe failure ten For the synthesis of VII voltage vector of sector carries out under two sector partition functions, as shown in figure 12, that is, realizes and use continuous pulsewidth modulation To reference voltage Vref *It is synthesized.
Failure sector is by redefining failure sector Ta,Tb,TcTime variable is completed to event in each failure sector Hinder the compensation of vector, i.e., the replacement to fault vector is completed based on specific equivalence principle using effective vector, revolve reference voltage Turn vector Vref *It can be recombined in failure sector or approximation is restored, method particularly includes:
Only zero vector is influenced and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary to be changed in the sector influenced by zero vector The turn-on time for becoming threephase switch pipe, redefines Ta,Tb,Tc
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is upper bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
For by effective vector influence and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary in the sector influenced by zero vector The turn-on time for changing threephase switch pipe, redefines T according to compensation principle calculated action timea,Tb,Tc, compensation principle Different definition formula is not also identical.
(a) using reflection method be the prior art frequently with method, how details are not described herein again redefines Ta,Tb,Tc
(b) for equal modulus methods: when the location of breakdown switch pipe is upper bridge arm, redefining are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
(c) for etc. axis components method: the location of breakdown switch pipe be upper bridge arm when, redefine are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
Then, the switch time of each sector is determined according to table 12~14;
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 12 8 sector a phase bridge arm failure of table
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 13 8 sector b phase bridge arm failure of table
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 14 8 sector c phase bridge arm failure of table
(2) 12 sector division modes are used
First choice defines the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe for the sector not influenced by fault vector are as follows:
In formula, TsFor sampling period, T1And T2For the action time of effective vector;
Only zero vector is influenced and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary to be changed in the sector influenced by zero vector The turn-on time for becoming threephase switch pipe, redefines Ta,Tb,Tc
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is upper bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
For by multiple false voltage vector joint effects and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary to by null vector The sector that amount influences changes the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe, redefines T according to compensation principle calculated action timea, Tb,Tc, compensation principle different definition formula is not also identical, specifically identical as eight sector the type sector calculation formula;
Then, the switch time of each sector is determined according to table 15;
The switch time relations of distribution of 150 two sector different sectors of table
Sector number
A phase switching tube turn-on time Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta
B phase switching tube turn-on time Tb Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc
C phase switching tube turn-on time Tc Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb
Switching tube turn-on time and triangular carrier are modulated by step 7, are determined switching tube pwm pulse, are determined switching tube On-off completes d shaft current and injects faults-tolerant control, method particularly includes: by switching tube turn-on time and period be the sampling period etc. Lumbar triangle shape wave is modulated, suitable come the effect for determining vector based on symmetry principle and the minimum principle of THD using DWPM technology 6 road pwm pulses can be obtained in sequence, by 6 road pwm pulse impulse actions of output in power switch tube drives circuit, driving circuit It controls corresponding power switch tube to open and turn off, completes d shaft current and inject faults-tolerant control.
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme, passes through change d shaft current given value id *To control stator current vector IsWith Reference voltage vector V* refBetween angle can to change the size and phase in faulted phase current zero current hoop position section It realizes the faults-tolerant control effect for improving generator-side converter wear switching tube failure, further decreases failure on the basis of software fault-tolerant control Switching tube influences system bring.The program is simple easy to accomplish by modifying controller software control algolithm, without increasing Additional hardware cost.
In order to verify effectiveness of the invention, emulated as follows.
Embodiment 1
With direct-drive wind power system generator-side converter wear, the single tube failure S1 under eight sector division modes comes the present embodiment Illustrate, when short trouble occurs for S1 pipe, open-circuit fault will be converted it by fastp-acting fuse, when open-circuit fault occurs for S1 When, according to table 16 under S1 switching tube failure under eight sector partition modes generator-side converter wear state analysis come illustrate d shaft current infuse Enter method.
Eight sector monocycle of PWM rectifier state analysis under 16 S1 switching tube failure of table
The generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure sector that suffered breakdown switch pipe influences under eight sector partition modes is distributed signal Figure adjusts d shaft current given value according to system running state first as shown in fig. 6, when S1 pipe breaks down.Then, for The sector not influenced by breakdown switch pipe in table 16 carries out normally reference voltage rotating vector to it and controls, passes through seven Segmentation on off sequence realizes continuous pulsewidth modulation to reference voltage Vref *It is synthesized.For being influenced in table 16 by breakdown switch pipe Sector carries out software fault-tolerant control, by redefining failure sector Ta, Tb, TcTime variable is completed to fan each failure The compensation of fault vector in area completes the replacement to fault vector based on specific equivalence principle using effective vector, makes to refer to Voltage rotating vector Vref *It can be recombined in failure sector or approximation is restored.Triangular carrier is set in the host controller Frequency, amplitude and phase are by the time variable T of all sectorsa, Tb, TcIt is modulated respectively with triangular carrier, obtains 6 road PWM Pulse signal.6 road pulse signals are input in power switch tube drives circuit, to realize the machine under eight sector division modes The d shaft current of side current transformer S1 single tube failure injects faults-tolerant control, and Figure 15 is generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure of the present invention in eight fans When zoning merotype under faults-tolerant control, d shaft current faults-tolerant control two states α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system current phasor track Figure, it can be seen that implement not only to inhibit zero current hoop position phenomenon based on d shaft current injection fault tolerant control method, make corresponding track Circle more tends to positive round.This d shaft current injection fault tolerant control method is all made of when other situation failures occur for other switching tubes It carries out fault-tolerant.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment single tube failure S1 under 12 sector division modes with direct-drive wind power system generator-side converter wear Illustrate, when short trouble occurs for S1 pipe, will open-circuit fault be converted it by fastp-acting fuse, when open-circuit fault occurs for S1 When, according to table 17, generator-side converter wear state analysis illustrates d shaft current under 12 sector partition modes under S1 switching tube failure Inject fault tolerant control method.
12 sector monocycle of PWM rectifier state analysis under 17 S1 switching tube failures
The distribution of the generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure sector that suffered breakdown switch pipe influences under 12 sector partition modes is shown It is intended to as shown in figure 8, adjusting d shaft current given value according to system running state first when S1 pipe breaks down.Then, right The sector not influenced by breakdown switch pipe in table 17 carries out normally reference voltage rotating vector to it and controls, passes through Seven segmentation on off sequences realize continuous pulsewidth modulation to reference voltage Vref *It is synthesized.For in table 17 by breakdown switch Guan Ying Sector is rung, software fault-tolerant control is carried out, by redefining failure sector Ta, Tb, TcTime variable is completed to each failure The compensation of fault vector in sector completes the replacement to fault vector based on specific equivalence principle using effective vector, makes to join Examine voltage rotating vector Vref *It can be recombined in failure sector or approximation is restored.Triangular carrier is set in the host controller Frequency, amplitude and phase, by the time variable T of all sectorsa, Tb, TcIt is modulated respectively with triangular carrier, obtains 6 tunnels Pwm pulse signal.6 road pulse signals are input in power switch tube drives circuit, to realize in 12 sector division sides The d shaft current of generator-side converter wear S1 single tube failure injects faults-tolerant control under formula, is all made of this when other switching tubes break down Kind d shaft current injection fault tolerant control method carries out fault-tolerant.
Figure 16 is generator-side converter wear S1 pipe failure of the present invention faults-tolerant control, d shaft current note in 12 sector partition mode Enter the current phasor trajectory diagram of α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system under faults-tolerant control two states.Figure 17 is generator-side converter wear of the present invention Generator turns under S1 pipe normal operation, failure operation, 12 sector fault-tolerant operations, d shaft current injection four kinds of states of faults-tolerant control Fast waveform diagram.It can be seen that implementing d shaft current injection fault tolerant control method inhibits zero current hoop position phenomenon, corresponding electric current Track Circular test more tends to normal condition.Due to changing d shaft current, generator speed slightly rises, but it fluctuates width Degree reduces, simulation results show the validity of this method.
The case where in addition to above-mentioned single switching transistor failure, the present invention program is equally applicable to the feelings of multiple switch pipe failure Condition, such as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9-14.

Claims (9)

1. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method based on the injection of d shaft current, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1, according to system running state, adjust d shaft current given value;
Step 2, selection sector division mode, carry out sector division;
Step 3, according to the position of breakdown switch pipe, determine fundamental voltage before and after influence and failure of the breakdown switch pipe to each sector The variation of vector;
Step 4, the action time for determining basic voltage vectors before the basic voltage vectors and failure of each sector;
Step 5 is sweared according to fundamental voltage before the variation and failure of the sector, failure basic voltage vectors that are influenced by breakdown switch pipe The action time of amount, adjustment are influenced the basic voltage vectors action time of sector by breakdown switch pipe;
Step 6, the case where being influenced according to the action time and sector of basic voltage vectors by breakdown switch pipe, determine threephase switch The turn-on time of pipe;
Switching tube turn-on time and triangular carrier are modulated by step 7, determine switching tube pwm pulse, determine that switching tube is logical It is disconnected, it completes d shaft current and injects faults-tolerant control.
2. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 1 In, adjust d shaft current given valueMethod particularly includes:
In formula, ψfIt is only related with permanent magnet material and structure for rotor flux;L be stator equivalent inductance value, also only with power generation Machine structure is related;iqFor the current feedback values of q axis,For stator current vector IsWith reference voltage vector V* refBetween angle.
3. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 2 In, sector division mode includes two kinds of eight sectors and 12 sectors, the detailed process that two kinds of sectors divide are as follows:
(1) eight sector division modes are used
Define six variables:
In formula, Uα、UβFor the component of voltage under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system;
Define sign function:
In formula, i=A, B, C, D, E, F;
Since tri- bridge arm failures of a, b, c correspond to different demarcation sector coordinate system, in order to accurately to failure sector into Row faults-tolerant control defines three sectors here and divides coordinate system function Na,Nb,Nc
Enable Na=H (A)+H (B)+4H (C)+3H (D)
Enable Nb=4G (B)+3G (C)+G (D)+H (E)
Enable Nc=3H (B)+H (C)+4H (D)+H (F)
Calculated value N is determined by table 1a,Nb,NcThe existing corresponding relationship between the number of actual sector
1 calculated value N of tablea,Nb,NcWith sector corresponding relationship
Sector number Calculated value Na 6 2 4 3 7 5 1 8 Calculated value Nb 2 4 3 7 5 6 1 8 Calculated value Nc 4 3 7 5 6 2 1 8
According to the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate systemDetermine rotary reference vector Vref *, when rotation is joined Examine vector Vref *It rotates a circle, obtains calculated value NaVariation sequence are as follows: 6 → 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 → 7 → 8;Calculated value NbVariation Sequence is 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 → 7 → 8 → 5 → 6;Calculated value NcVariation sequence be 4 → 3 → 7 → 8 → 5 → 6 → 2 → 1;
Different sector partition functions is selected according to the position of breakdown switch pipe, when a phase bridge arm switching tube failure selection sector is drawn Divide function Na, pass through NaVariation sequence determine actual sector number variation sequence to get eight sectors division;When b phase bridge arm Switching tube failure selects sector partition function Nb, pass through NbVariation sequence determine actual sector number variation sequence to get eight The division of sector;When c phase bridge arm switching tube failure selects sector partition function Nc, pass through NcVariation sequence determine actual sector The variation of number is sequentially to get the division of eight sectors;
(2) 12 sector division modes are used
Define six variables:
In formula, Uα、UβFor the component of voltage under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system;
Define sign function:
In formula, i=A, B, C, D, E, F.
Enable N=sign (A)+sign (B)+2sign (C)+2sign (D)+4sign (E)+3sign (F)
Existing corresponding relationship between calculated value N and actual sector number is determined by table 2;
2 calculated value N of table and sector corresponding relationship
Calculated value N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sector number
According to the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate systemDetermine rotary reference vector Vref *, work as rotary reference Vector Vref *It rotates a circle, the variation sequence of calculated value N are as follows: 8 → 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 → 6 → 5 → 9 → 11 → 12 → 10 → 7 → 8, i.e., the variation of actual sector number is sequentially to get the division of 12 sectors.
4. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3 In, if determining the sector influenced in eight sectors by breakdown switch pipe according to table 3~5, i.e., using eight sector division modes Failure sector;If using 12 sector division modes, according to what is influenced in determining 12 sectors of table 6 by breakdown switch pipe Sector;
The corresponding impacted sector of 3 eight sector a phase bridge arm switching tube failure of table
The corresponding impacted sector of 4 eight sector b phase bridge arm switching tube failure of table
The corresponding impacted sector of 5 eight sector c phase bridge arm switching tube failure of table
The corresponding impacted sector of 60 two sector single switching transistor failure of table
In table, grey parts indicate that sector is influenced by breakdown switch pipe, i.e. failure sector, and white portion indicates sector not by failure Switching tube influences, i.e. normal sector.
5. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 3 In, switching tube failure front and back basic voltage vectors, that is, failure zero vector and effective vector situation of change is determined according to table 7;
Voltage vector changes table before and after 7 single switching transistor failure of table
In table, the switch state up and down of same bridge arm is set as complementation, i.e., then lower bridge arm is necessary for bridge arm conducting on same bridge arm Shutdown, is denoted as 1 for this state, similarly, bridge arm on same bridge arm is closed, and the state of lower bridge arm conducting is denoted as 0, three bridge arms Under the premise of same bridge arm is complementary, there is 8 kinds of Switch State Combination in Power Systems, " 000 ", " 100 ", " 110 ", " 010 ", " 011 ", " 001 ", " 101 ", " 111 " correspond to eight basic voltage vectors, including six effective two zero vectors of vector sum.
6. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 4 In, determine each sector basic voltage vectors action time before failure method particularly includes:
Firstly, defining intermediate variable are as follows:
In formula,For the reference voltage component under α, β two-phase stationary coordinate system, UdcFor DC side output voltage, TsFor sampling Period;
Then, it is determined that in each sector basic voltage vectors effective vector action time T1And T2
If it is eight sectors, then the effectively action time T of vector in each sector basic voltage vectors is determined according to table 8~101With T2
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 8 a phase bridge arm failure of table
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 9 b phase bridge arm failure of table
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 10 c phase bridge arm failure of table
If it is 12 sectors, then the effectively action time T of vector in each sector basic voltage vectors is determined according to table 111And T2
11 sector of table and basic voltage vectors action time relationship
Then, according to the action time T of effective vector1And T2Calculate the action time T of zero vector in basic voltage vectors0=Ts- T1-T2
Finally, carrying out ovennodulation judgement, i.e., to judge for twice after the action time for calculating two non-zero basic voltage vectors The sum of whether be greater than the sampling period, will cause output voltage serious distortion if more than the sampling period, need to carry out for twice weight New distribution, distribution principle are as follows:
7. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 5 In, adjustment is influenced basic voltage vectors action time of sector by breakdown switch pipe method particularly includes:
(1) eight sector division modes are used
For only have zero vector influence and zero vector there is no the sector of simultaneous faults, replace failure zero vector with normal zero vector, The action time that normal zero vector is arranged is T0, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector;
For using normal zero vector generation by multiple false voltage vector joint effects and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults For failure zero vector, the compensation to zero vector is completed, using not having faulty effective vector, effectively arrow is calculated based on compensation principle Amount action time recombines reference voltage rotating vector Vref *, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector, the compensation principle includes Reflection method, etc. axis components method and wait modulus methods;
(2) 12 sector division modes are used
For only have zero vector influence and zero vector there is no the sector of simultaneous faults, replace failure zero vector with normal zero vector, The action time that normal zero vector is arranged is T0, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector, T0For before failure when the effect of zero vector Between;
For using normal zero vector generation by multiple false voltage vector joint effects and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults It is recombined using not having faulty effective vector based on compensation principle calculating effective vector action time for failure zero vector Reference voltage rotating vector Vref *, realize the faults-tolerant control of the sector, the compensation principle include reflection method, etc. axis components method and Equal modulus methods;
For the sector of zero vector simultaneous faults, due to that, without normal zero vector, can not be carried out to output vector in the sector It adjusts, reference voltage rotating vector Vref *Output modulus value reaches maximum, this sector can not carry out faults-tolerant control;
For the sector of multiple fault vector joint effects and zero vector simultaneous faults, due in the sector without normal null vector Amount, can not be adjusted output vector, reference voltage rotating vector Vref *Output modulus value reaches maximum, this sector can not carry out Faults-tolerant control.
8. the generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 6 In, the method that determines each sector switching tube turn-on time are as follows:
(1) eight sector division modes are used
First choice defines the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe for the sector not influenced by fault vector are as follows:
In formula, TsFor sampling period, T1And T2For the action time of effective vector;
Only zero vector is influenced and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary to change three in the sector influenced by zero vector The turn-on time of phase switching tube, redefines Ta,Tb,Tc
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is upper bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
For by effective vector influence and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary to change in the sector influenced by zero vector The turn-on time of threephase switch pipe, redefines Ta,Tb,Tc, compensation principle is different, and defined formula is not also identical;
The compensation principle include reflection method, etc. modulus methods and wait axis components method, for equal modulus methods, the location of breakdown switch pipe When for upper bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
For etc. axis components method, the location of breakdown switch pipe be upper bridge arm when, redefine are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
Then, the switch time of each sector is determined according to table 12~14;
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 12 8 sector a phase bridge arm failure of table
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 13 8 sector b phase bridge arm failure of table
Sector and basic voltage vectors action time relationship when 14 8 sector c phase bridge arm failure of table
(2) 12 sector division modes are used
First choice defines the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe for the sector not influenced by fault vector are as follows:
In formula, TsFor sampling period, T1And T2For the action time of effective vector;
Only zero vector is influenced and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary to change three in the sector influenced by zero vector The turn-on time of phase switching tube, redefines Ta,Tb,Tc
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is upper bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
When the location of breakdown switch pipe is lower bridge arm, redefine are as follows:
For by multiple false voltage vector joint effects and zero vector does not have the sector of simultaneous faults, it is only necessary to by zero vector shadow Loud sector changes the turn-on time of threephase switch pipe, redefines Ta,Tb,Tc, compensation principle different definition formula also not phase Together, specifically identical as eight sector the type sector calculation formula;
Then, the switch time of each sector is determined according to table 15;
The switch time relations of distribution of 150 two sector different sectors of table
Sector number A phase switching tube turn-on time Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta B phase switching tube turn-on time Tb Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc C phase switching tube turn-on time Tc Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb Tc Tc Tb Ta Ta Tb
9. a kind of generator-side converter wear fault tolerant control method of d shaft current injection according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step In rapid 7, d shaft current injection faults-tolerant control is completed method particularly includes: by switching tube turn-on time and period be the sampling period Isosceles triangle wave is modulated, suitable come the effect for determining vector based on symmetry principle and the minimum principle of THD using DWPM technology 6 road pwm pulses can be obtained in sequence, by 6 road pwm pulse impulse actions of output in power switch tube drives circuit, driving circuit It controls corresponding power switch tube to open and turn off, completes d shaft current and inject faults-tolerant control.
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