CN109909513B - Method for biologically synthesizing nano silver particles by using glochidion pubescens and application - Google Patents
Method for biologically synthesizing nano silver particles by using glochidion pubescens and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109909513B CN109909513B CN201910344232.1A CN201910344232A CN109909513B CN 109909513 B CN109909513 B CN 109909513B CN 201910344232 A CN201910344232 A CN 201910344232A CN 109909513 B CN109909513 B CN 109909513B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biosynthesis method and application of environment-friendly nano silver ions, wherein the synthesis method comprises the following steps: collecting fresh leaves of glochidion pubescens, cleaning and airing; and (3) cutting leaves of the laccaria pubescens, heating, extracting, filtering, and reacting with a silver nitrate solution under a dark condition until the solution turns brown to obtain the nano-silver. The reaction synthesis method has low requirement on the environment, and the prepared nano silver ions have good dispersion performance, medium particle size, narrow particle size distribution range, no harm to plant growth and spherical or approximately spherical shape. Experiments show that the nano silver produced by the method has a repellent effect on white ants, and the method is widely applied to termite control in the wood industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for biosynthesizing environment-friendly nano silver particles with low cost and high efficiency, namely a method for synthesizing nano silver by using glochidion pubescens scholaris leaves and application of a synthesized nano silver material as a wood protective agent in the wood industry.
Background
Nano silver (silver nanoparticles) refers to silver particles having at least one of the three dimensions of length, width and height in the range of 1-100 nm. Because of its broad antibacterial spectrum, difficult to produce drug resistance and good biocompatibility, it has been widely used as preservative in medical field, daily household field and food field. It can also be used as a probe for biological sequencing applications.
The synthesis of the nano silver comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a biological synthesis method and the like. The physical method requires high temperature and high pressure and expensive equipment to synthesize the nano silver. The chemical agents used in the chemical method are harmful to human body or environment to a certain extent, and some stabilizers or dispersants are even carcinogenic. With the increase of environmental awareness in society, the search for a green, safe and low-energy-consumption nano-silver preparation method becomes necessary.
The biosynthesis method has the characteristics of greenness, safety and low energy consumption. The raw materials used include bacteria, fungi, algae, yeast, actinomycetes and some natural plant materials. Depending on the substrate characteristics of nanoparticle biosynthesis, two types of biological systems can be distinguished: a) a microbial extract and b) a plant extract.
Compared with the method using microorganisms as reducing agents, the method for synthesizing nano silver by reducing plants does not need a strict microorganism culture environment, so that the operation is simpler. Therefore, in recent years, plant synthesis of nano-silver has become a research hotspot in related fields, and people successively adopt different plant extracts to synthesize nano-silver. For example, the nano silver is synthesized by using cellulose, orange juice, eucommia leaves, bagasse, blueberry leaves, geranium leaves, black tea leaves, illicium verum leaves, mango peel extract, desmodium extract, pyracantha fortuneana fruits and other plant extracts. There are areas where improvements are needed in the existing methods.
The patent No. CN103341642B 'a green synthesis method of nano silver ion cellulose' requires high temperature of 180 ℃ and 210 ℃ for 10-24 hours, and has higher energy consumption; the technical disadvantage of the patent No. CN103769603B 'nano silver ion and its synthesis method' is that the diameter of the synthesized silver particle is 50-150 nm. Whereas more than 100nm is not in the nano-silver category, the yield is low, and the microbial resistance effect of such large-particle silver ions is not verified. The patent No. CN106862590B 'biosynthesizing of nano silver by using extract of folium viticis kwangsiensis' requires photocatalysis, so the reaction is mainly concentrated on a light contact interface, and the reaction efficiency is not high. The patent No. CN104874810B 'a method for preparing nano silver sol rapidly and in green by bagasse extract', the reaction steps are complicated. Patent No. CN104889418B "a biosynthesis method of cubic nano silver particles", and patent No. CN104889419B "a biosynthesis method of spherical nano silver particles" are limited by raw materials, such as the collection of sweet orange peel and mango peel. Patent No. CN106513707B 'A nano-silver bacteriostatic agent biosynthesized by blueberry leaf extract and a preparation process thereof' requires heating reflux at 90 ℃ for 1 hour, and the process consumes more energy. Patent No. CN103949658B "a method for synthesizing nano-silver by green using water extract of eucommia ulmoides", the eucommia ulmoides bark used as raw material is a scarce medicinal material.
In view of the limitations of the method for synthesizing nano-silver based on plant raw materials as a reducing agent, the method has important significance in screening more extensive and cheap plant substrates, optimizing the process, and synthesizing nano-silver by using a simpler method.
The Glochidion puberum is a plant of evergreen shrub of Euphorbiaceae. Widely distributed in provinces such as Jiangsu, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan. The distribution is very wide. The whole plant or root and leaf can be used for medicine, and has effects of removing toxic substance, astringing, relieving diarrhea, eliminating dampness, and relieving itching. According to modern researches, the gallic acid and its derivatives contained in the plant have antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant and anti-HBV activities, and can be used for treating dysentery, leaf allergy, paddy field dermatitis, skin pruritus, urticaria, eczema, and exfoliative dermatitis.
According to the research, the widely distributed, simple and easily obtained extract of leaves of the abacus mausu and silver nitrate are used as raw materials to biologically synthesize the nano-silver with good antibacterial activity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art, provides a method for synthesizing environment-friendly nano silver particles in a low-cost and environment-friendly manner by taking rich antioxidant in leaves of the abacus mauritiana as a reducing agent, and finds a new application of the nano silver ions in the wood industry, namely the application of the nano silver ions as a wood protective agent for repelling termites. The method comprises the following steps:
a method for biologically synthesizing nano silver particles by using leaves of glochidion pubescens includes the following steps:
1) collecting fresh and healthy leaves of the abacus mauritiana, and washing the leaves with distilled water to remove dust and other impurities; cleaning and then airing for later use;
2) preparing a leaf extract, namely cutting 10 g of cleaned and dried fresh leaves into small pieces by using scissors, putting the small pieces into a sterile glass beaker, adding 100ml of distilled water, heating and extracting, then cooling a leaf extracting solution, filtering the cooled leaf extracting solution by Whatmann1 filter paper, and storing the filtered extracting solution at 4 ℃;
3) with AgNO3The reaction prepares fresh silver nitrate AgNO by using sterile distilled water3At a concentration of 1mol/L, prepared 100mL of AgNO was added to a sterile Erlenmeyer flask3Adding the above leaf extract, covering the conical flask with aluminum foil, placing in dark, standing or rotating and vibrating in a rotary vibrating screen with oscillation frequency range of 100-.
Further, the extraction temperature range in step 2 is 10-100 ℃.
Preferably, 100ml of silver nitrate and 2.5-15ml of leaf extract are reacted to synthesize nano silver in the step 3.
Preferably, the synthesis reaction temperature in step 3 is 20-40 ℃.
The invention also protects the application of the nano silver particles synthesized by the method in the wood protective agent.
The nano silver synthesized by the method is spherical, has the average diameter of 25.6 nanometers, is crystalline under natural conditions, has very high purity up to 84.4 percent, has very stable chemical properties, and is still stable at high temperature of 250 ℃. The invention has important application value. The synthesis process is rapid, economical and environment-friendly, and does not contain any toxic chemicals. Biosynthetic silver nanoparticles have a wide range of uses, particularly in the wood and wood industry, and can be used as wood protectants due to their termite-repelling activity.
The invention has the innovation points that:
1. in the method, the glochidion pubescens is widely distributed, and the raw materials are simple and easy to obtain; when preparing the plant extract of the leaves of the glochidion pubescens, the difference from the prior art is that the working procedure is that the fresh leaves are directly boiled, but most of the prior art is dried and ground, and distilled water is added for heating, refluxing, cooling and centrifuging.
2. The method for obtaining the pure reducing agent is a filtration method, and the prior art mostly adopts a centrifuge for centrifugation.
3. The nano silver of the invention does not need photocatalysis in the generating step and can be produced under the conditions of sealing and avoiding light.
4. The nano silver ions synthesized by the method have high stability, are spherical, have an average diameter of 25.6 nanometers, are crystalline under natural conditions, have high purity of up to 84.4 percent, have stable chemical properties, and are still stable at a high temperature of 250 ℃. The surface of the nano-silver material is combined with a plant source organic chemical functional group for promoting stability, and the chemical bond begins to break at the temperature of more than 200 ℃.
5. The biosynthesized nano silver particles have the effect of repelling termite activity, and can be applied as a wood protective agent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention saves the drying step and directly uses the cleaned fresh leaves, thereby saving time, energy and environment.
2. Compared with the centrifugal technology, the filtering and purifying method has low requirement on mechanical equipment, saves energy and is easy for large-scale mass production.
3. The synthesis environment of the nano silver is a light-proof environment, and closed production and large-scale mass production are easier to realize.
4. The plant source organic chemical functional group combined with the nano silver material produced by the invention can promote the stability of the product.
5. The nano silver particles biosynthesized have the effect of repelling termite activity, so the nano silver particles are widely applied as wood protective agents in the wood industry.
6. The biosynthesized nano silver particles are friendly to plants, seed germination is the most fragile stage in the life history of the plants, and the biosynthesized nano silver particles have no toxic action on the seed germination.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning image of a transmission electron microscope of synthesized nano silver particles;
FIG. 2 is a UV-Vis spectrum of the biosynthetic AgNPs;
FIG. 3 is an AgNPs XRD spectrum of biosynthesis;
FIG. 4 is an SEM micrograph of biosynthesized AgNPs;
FIG. 5 is an EDAX model diagram of biosynthetic AgNPs;
FIG. 6 is a FTIR spectrum of biosynthetic AgNPs;
FIG. 7 shows the thermal stability of the biosynthetic AgNPs measured by TGA;
FIG. 8 shows the results of the termite repelling experiment using the biosynthesized AgNPs, and the results of the repeated experiments are shown in FIGS. 8A, 8B, 8C and 8D;
FIG. 9 shows the results of experiments for detecting biosynthesized AgNPs by a Y-type olfactometer to repel termites;
FIG. 10 shows the effect of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles on seed germination, and FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C show the effect in water and AgNO3And the germination condition of pigeon pea seeds under AgNPs treatment;
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of three treated shoots of a pigeon pea germination test, FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B and FIG. 11C show the germination test in water and AgNO3And silver ion accumulation in radicle cells under AgNPs treatment.
Detailed Description
In a typical biosynthetic production scheme of silver nanoparticles according to the invention, first, fresh, healthy, dark green leaves of the abacus mauso are collected. After transport to the laboratory, the leaves were washed appropriately with distilled water to remove dust and other impurities. After washing, drying and storing in dark place.
1. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles
The synthesis process mainly involves two steps: i) preparation of leaf extract ii) with AgNO3The reaction of (1).
Example 1:
1) collecting fresh and healthy leaves of the abacus mauritiana, and washing the leaves with distilled water to remove dust and other impurities; cleaning and then airing for later use;
2) preparing a leaf extract, namely cutting 10 g of cleaned and dried fresh leaves into small pieces by using scissors, putting the small pieces into a sterile glass beaker, adding 100ml of distilled water, boiling the small pieces in a microwave oven for 3 minutes, extracting the small pieces at the extraction temperature of 10 ℃, cooling a leaf extracting solution, filtering the cooled leaf extracting solution by using Whatmann filter paper No. 1, and storing the filtered extracting solution at the temperature of 4 ℃;
3) with AgNO3The reaction prepares fresh silver nitrate AgNO by using sterile distilled water3At a concentration of 1mol/L, prepared 100mL of AgNO was added to a sterile Erlenmeyer flask3Adding the above leaf extractive solution, covering the conical flask with aluminum foil, mixing with 2.5 ml of fresh leaf extractive solution, sealing the beaker with aluminum foil paper, and standing at 30 deg.C in dark until the solution turns brown.
Example 2:
the difference from example 1 is that the extraction temperature in step 2) is 100 degrees, and 15ml of fresh leaf extract is mixed and reacted in step 3) and shaken by a constant temperature shaker at 500rpm under 20 degrees dark condition until the solution is brown.
Example 3:
the difference from example 1 is that step 3 was shaken with a constant temperature shaker at 40 ℃ and in the dark at a speed of 100rpm until the solution turned brown, indicating the synthesis of nano-silver.
Example 4:
the difference from example 2 is that in step 3, the solution is shaken with a constant temperature shaker at 30 ℃ and under dark conditions at a speed of 400rpm until the solution turns brown, indicating the synthesis of nano-silver.
2. Characterization of biosynthetic silver nanoparticles
The inventors performed characterization of optical, structural, morphological, elemental, functional and thermal properties of the biosynthesized AgNP using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy, EDAX, FTIR and TGA, see figure 1. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy was used to evaluate the synthesis reaction of AgNPs. Fig. 2 shows the uv spectrum of the biosynthetic AgNPs recorded 4 hours after the start of the reaction, with the maximum Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak recorded at 457 nm.
The crystalline nature of the biosynthetic AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The XRD spectrum shows four characteristic diffraction peaks at 2 theta angles (38.10 °, 44.25 °, 64.20 °, and 77.80 °), which are assigned to bragg reflection peaks of (111), (200), (220), and (311) face-centered cubic structures (fcc) of AgNP, respectively (fig. 3).
For morphological characterization, Scanning (SEM) and Transmission (TEM) electron microscopy were performed. SEM and TEM micrographs show the spherical morphology of the biosynthetic AgNPs with an average size of about 25.6 nanometers (FIG. 4)
The elemental composition of the biosynthetic AgNPs was determined by EDAX analysis (fig. 5). The strong peak at 3kev indicates that silver (Ag) is the major element in the biosynthetic AgNPs, indicating the purity of the sample. While the other peaks (carbon and oxygen) correspond to biomolecules present in the leaf extract.
Functional groups (derived from plant biomolecules) associated with the synthetic AgNPs were analyzed using FTIR. These plant biomolecules actually play an important role in the bioreduction of silver ions and the further stabilization of the biosynthesized AgNPs. The infrared spectrum shows strong absorption bands at 3434, 2917, 1624, 1443, 1385, 1207, 1027 and 514 cm-1. The peak at 3434 cm-1 corresponds to O-H stretching vibration due to the presence of alcohol and phenol. The other peak was assigned to the C-H group of the alkane/aromatic at 2917 cm-1. The band at 1624, 1443 cm-1 corresponds to C-N, C-C and N-H stretching vibrations present in proteins. The band at 1385 cm-1 is generated by N-O stretching of the nitro compound. Peaks near 1207 and 1027 cm-1 illustrate aliphatic C-N and carbonyl extensions in the protein. The band at 514 cm-1 is actually due to the stretching vibration of the alkyne (see FIG. 6).
Thermal stability studies were performed on the biosynthesized AgNPs using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Heating the AgNPs sample within the temperature range of 25-700 ℃. At the temperature of 100-200 ℃, the minimum weight loss rate of the first step is 5.02%, and the weight loss is actually caused by the removal of water adsorbed to the surfaces of AgNPs. At a temperature of 200-700 ℃, a significant second-step weight loss (15.52%) was observed, which was due to desorption of biomolecules present on the AgNPs surface. Most importantly, 82.85% residual weight was obtained after heating the sample to 700 ℃, indicating significant thermal stability of the biosynthetic AgNPs (see fig. 7).
3. Termite-repelling Activity assay for biosynthetic AgNPs
Termites were collected from forests infested with termites, which were gently picked up and transported to a laboratory.
The filter paper disc was divided into two equal sections as determined by blotting paper techniques. Half of the solution was soaked with water and the other half was soaked in 1 ml of AgNPS suspension. Both parts impregnated with blotting paper are placed a large distance between the two parts. Then, uniformly placing 10-15 collected termite colonies into a filter paper disc. The movement of the termites is monitored to understand the direction of the termites. After 24 hours, we found that the largest population of termites resided on water soaked suction filter paper (see fig. 8). And repeating the experiment for many times, and observing the movement rule of the termites.
In another experiment, a Y-sniffer was used to detect termite repelling activity of the biosynthetic AgNPs. In the experiment, small pieces of paper soaked in water and AgNPs suspension are respectively placed on the left and right arms of a Y-tube olfactometer, and 20 termites are released in the lower arm of the Y-tube. After release, the closure was closed immediately with a tampon. After 24 hours at room temperature, termites in the left and right arms were counted to examine the repelling activity of AgNPs against termites. As can be seen in fig. 9, most of the termites crawl toward the ends of the arms of the soaking water.
4. Effect of AgNPs treatment on seed Germination
To investigate whether the biosynthetic AgNPs have toxic effects on plant germination, seed germination experiments were performed ex vivo. The pigeon pea seeds were washed with water and dried on the surface with blotting paper. Control (water) (FIG. 10A), silver nitrate (50. mu.g/ml) (FIG. 10B), AgNPs (50. mu.g/ml) (FIG. 10C). The seeds were soaked in the respective suspensions for 1 hour. After this, the seeds were placed in a PET plate containing absorbent ink paper and left at room temperature. As shown in FIG. 10, the control water (FIG. 10A) and the biosynthetic AgNPs (FIG. 10C) treated seeds germinated well, while AgNO3Has an inhibiting effect on seed germination. Another set of identical experiments was monitored by a plant in vivo imaging system to observe the progress of germination. From FIG. 11 we find AgNO3The cross-section of the treated radicular zone showed a phenomenon of silver accumulation in the vascular bundle zone, which may be responsible for their inhibitory effect on the germination of the seeds. While the size of the biosynthetic AgNPs of the present invention is about 25.6nm, the nanoparticles have little effect on the cells.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A method for biologically synthesizing nano silver particles by using leaves of glochidion pubescens includes the following steps:
1) collecting fresh and healthy leaves of the abacus mauritiana, and washing the leaves with distilled water to remove dust and other impurities; cleaning and then airing for later use;
2) preparing a leaf extract, namely cutting 10 g of cleaned and dried fresh leaves into small pieces by using scissors, putting the small pieces into a sterile glass beaker, adding 100ml of distilled water, heating and extracting, then cooling a leaf extracting solution, filtering the cooled leaf extracting solution by Whatmann1 filter paper, and storing the filtered extracting solution at 4 ℃;
3) with AgNO3The reaction prepares fresh silver nitrate AgNO by using sterile distilled water3At a concentration of 1mol/L, prepared 100mL of AgNO was added to a sterile Erlenmeyer flask3Adding the above leaf extract, covering the conical flask with aluminum foil, placing in dark, standing or rotating and vibrating in a rotary vibrating screen with oscillation frequency range of 100-.
2. The method for biosynthesizing silver nanoparticles from Glochidionis pubescens leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the extraction temperature range in step 2 is 10-100 ℃.
3. The method for biosynthesizing silver nanoparticles from Glochidionis pubescens leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein said silver nitrate 100ml is reacted with the leaf extract 2.5-15ml in step 3 to synthesize the silver nanoparticles.
4. The method for biosynthesizing silver nanoparticles from Glochidionis pubescens leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the synthesis reaction temperature in the step 3 is 20-40 ℃.
5. Use of nanosilver particles synthesized according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 as a wood protectant.
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