CN109874628B - Cultivation method of monochoria chinensis - Google Patents
Cultivation method of monochoria chinensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method of a long-noded sedum, belonging to the technical field of aquatic plant cultivation, comprising the following steps: adding a biological base fertilizer into the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then putting cultivation soil mixed with waste plastic activated carbon and a rooting agent on the biological base fertilizer; cultivating seedlings; cultivation: planting the seedlings in cultivation soil in the cultivation pots; and water level control, fertilization management and pest control. The cultivation method of the long-noded sedge, disclosed by the invention, can purify the water environment to the maximum extent, provides a good living environment for the long-noded sedge, promotes the growth of the main root and the formation of the lateral root and the adventitious root of the long-noded sedge, inhibits or alleviates diseases, improves the survival rate of the long-noded sedge, and simultaneously has a stronger removing effect on organic pollutants phenol and ammonia nitrogen in water with the long-noded sedge so as to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of long-noded sedum.
Background
A long life of rain (Monochoria korsakowiiRegel et mark), which is named as pakchoi, origanum, multiflora rose, and broccoli, belongs to the family of Ponteriaceae (Ponteriaceae), and the genus of Ponteria (Monochoria Presl), and is distributed in the south, east, north and south of China. Siberian areas in Korea, Japan and Russia are also distributed, and are usually grown in environmental conditions such as ponds, lakes and marshlands, and the suitable growth temperature is 18-35 ℃. The flowers of the long blossoms are light blue, like flying blue birds, so the flowers are called blue bird flowers, the leaves of the flowers are emerald green and bright, the flower shapes are peculiar and elegant, the flowers are excellent aquatic ornamental plants, the flowers are mixed with other aquatic ornamental plants in garden waterscape arrangement and can be independently planted in pieces, the flowers can be planted in strips or squares along the edge of a water body, the flowers are aquatic plants with strong ornamental performance and can also be used as pot plants for ornamental performance, and inflorescences and leaves can also be used as cut flower materials. The tender stem leaves of the monochamus ramosissimus can be eaten as vegetables, and the monochamus ramosissimus has rich nutrition and pleasant taste. The whole plant can also be used as livestock and poultry feed, and fresh product contains water 92.3g, protein 1.6g, fat 0.4g, cellulose 1.75g, calcium 110mg, phosphorus 10mg, and multiple vitamins; can also be used for medicine, and has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling and asthma; and the pair of long-noded flowersThe organic pollutants phenol and ammonia nitrogen in the water have stronger removal capability, are excellent aquatic species with stronger purified water quality, and can be used as main plant materials for removing pollutants in application. In the potted plant of the long-noded rain flower, seedlings can be directly planted in a pot filled with culture soil to keep the soil moist or shallow water for cultivation, and can also be cultivated in a water container such as a washbasin, a water vat and the like. The potting method is the same as potting, and after planting, the pot is sunk into a water pool, which is about 15cm below the horizontal plane. The open field cultivation of the long-stalked blossoms is carried out in spring for 4-5 months, strip-shaped or square planting can be carried out along the edge of the water body according to the requirements of garden waterscape planning, the plant and row spacing is about 25cm, and the long-stalked blossoms can grow in the same year. In the growth and development period, shallow water cultivation is preferably kept, weeds are removed in time to avoid competing for nutrients with seedlings, potash fertilizer is applied in the flowering period, the seedlings are packed by a compostable paper bag and then are filled into mud (5-10 cm below the mud surface), and the fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times in the growth and development period generally. In winter, the dry branches and fallen leaves need to be removed, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is prevented. The Pond edge planting method is suitable for planting the Pond edge in shallow water, the water depth is preferably kept at 10-20 cm, and the Pond edge planting method cannot cause the Pond edge to be subjected to drought in the planting process. The adaptability to water quality is strong, and the pH value of the water body is preferably controlled to be 6.5-7.8. The fertilizer is needed more, and the fertilizer can be applied for 1 time every 2 weeks in the vigorous growth stage. When the plant blooms, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the rooting agent composition for transplanting the long-noded sedge, which can purify a water environment to the maximum extent, provide a good living environment for the long-noded sedge, improve the survival rate of the long-noded sedge, and simultaneously play a mutual gain role with stronger removing force of the long-noded sedge on organic pollutants phenol and ammonia nitrogen in water so as to achieve the purpose of purifying water quality.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows:
a method for cultivating a long-noded sedum, comprising:
preparation of cultivation pots: adding a biological base fertilizer into the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then putting cultivation soil mixed with waste plastic activated carbon and a rooting agent on the biological base fertilizer;
seedling cultivation: firstly, disinfecting a matrix for sowing, soaking seeds for 3-10 hours by using warm water until the seeds absorb water and swell to be sown, pulling out diseased and weak seedlings after most of the seeds grow out, enabling the remained seedlings to have a certain space, and transplanting after 3 leaves grow out;
cultivation: planting the seedlings in the cultivation soil in the cultivation pot; and
water level control, fertilization management and pest control.
Preferably, the preparation method of the waste plastic activated carbon in the preparation step of the cultivation pot specifically comprises the following steps:
washing the waste plastic, drying, crushing, heating to 400-420 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 30-50min under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then continuing heating to 650-750 ℃ for carbonization for 30-60min to obtain a carbonized material;
placing the carbonized material in an activating agent, activating for 5-10h at a material-liquid ratio of 1:6-8g/mL, filtering, drying, heating for 5-10min in a nitrogen atmosphere with a microwave power of 500-700W and under normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying to obtain the waste plastic activated carbon. The carbon content of the plastic is high, so that carbonization is possible, but the waste plastic is an insulator and cannot directly absorb microwaves in a microwave field to increase the temperature, so that the waste plastic is required to be pretreated firstly to be irradiated by microwaves to prepare the activated carbon, and the waste plastic has the capacity of absorbing the microwaves to increase the temperature and load an activating agent. Micropores in the prepared activated carbon account for more than 93 percent of the pore structure, the activated carbon is microporous activated carbon, surface functional groups mainly comprise oxygen-containing functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl groups, ether groups, secondary alcohols, carbonyl groups and the like, and the functional groups enable the activated carbon to have chemical adsorption capacities such as heavy metal complexing capacity, heavy metal oxidation capacity, hydrophilicity, organic matter adsorption capacity and the like, can purify a water environment to the maximum extent, provides a good living environment for the long-stalked blossoms, and can simultaneously play a role of mutual gain with stronger removal force of organic pollutants such as phenol and ammonia nitrogen in the water by the long-stalked blossoms, so that the purpose of purifying the water quality is achieved.
More preferably, the activator is a solution containing 3-7% gluconic acid and 36-40% by weight potassium hydroxide.
More preferably, the activation is carried out under conditions of an electric field strength of 50 to 60kV/cm and a pulse number of 10 to 15. In the process of pyrolyzing the waste plastics, non-carbon elements such as hydrogen element and oxygen element overflow the system in the form of gas to be removed, part of the carbon element overflows from the system in the form of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and when part of the carbon element overflows from the system in the form of gas, the rest most of the carbon element exists in the system in the form of graphite microcrystals. The high-voltage pulse electric field and the activating agent can exert the synergistic effect, the activating agent is used as an electrolyte, the high-voltage pulse electric field has the electric pulse effect while generating high-voltage current, the non-covalent bonds such as ionic bonds, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic effect and the like of graphite microcrystals in the carbonized material are damaged, so that the space structure of the graphite microcrystals is damaged, carbon elements are continuously and randomly combined to form a certain pore structure, the capability of loading the activating agent on the obtained carbonized material is improved, the activating effect is improved, the spark time is shortened, the generation of a carbon framework is promoted, the activated carbon forms more micropore structures, and the activated carbon has stronger chemical adsorption capabilities such as heavy metal complexing capability, heavy metal oxidation capability, hydrophilicity, organic matter adsorption capability and the like, can purify the water environment to the maximum extent, provides a good living environment for the morninghama flower and can simultaneously react with the organic phenol pollutants in the, The ammonia nitrogen has stronger removing force to play a mutual gain role, and the purpose of purifying the water quality is achieved.
More preferably, the feed-liquid ratio of the carbonized material to the activating agent is 1:6-8g/mL, and the activation time is 5-10 h.
Preferably, in the preparation step of the cultivation pot, the pot diameter of the cultivation pot is 55-60cm, and the pot height is 40-50 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the biological base fertilizer in the preparation step of the cultivation pot is 20-25cm, and the thickness of the cultivation soil is 10-15 cm.
Preferably, the culture soil in the preparation step of the culture pot contains 0.6 to 1.0 weight per mill of waste plastic activated carbon and 0.3 to 0.8 weight per mill of rooting agent.
Preferably, the rooting agent in the preparation step of the cultivation pot comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.6-1.2 parts of agrobacterium rhizogenes, 0.05-0.1 part of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-noded sedge, 1.8-2.4 parts of 6-BA, 8-13 parts of indoleacetic acid, 121-3 parts of vitamin B and 60-80 parts of talcum powder. The root growth of the plant is influenced mainly by the Ri plasmid of the agrobacterium rhizogenes, the Ri plasmid is a genome independently existing in the agrobacterium rhizogenes, double-stranded DNA is in a closed ring shape, when the agrobacterium rhizogenes infects the plant, the Ri plasmid can be effectively and quickly transformed into the plant, a T-DNA region of the Ri plasmid is transferred into plant cells and participates in the integration and expression of the genome related to the root growth of the plant, so that hairy roots are generated, the root growth rate is obviously improved, simultaneously, due to gene expression, enzymes, proteins and hormones related to the root growth and the root growth of the plant infected in the plant are correspondingly enhanced, the phenotypic growth characteristics of the root system, stem and leaf of the plant are improved, and the rooting and survival of the plant are improved from multiple aspects. The rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-rooted flowers can colonize at plant rhizosphere, generate specific components, such as organic acid secretion to dissolve phosphorus in the soil, generate siderophores to be combined with iron elements in the soil, generate plant hormones, such as auxin (IAA), Cytokinin (CTK), Gibberellin (GA) and the like, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances by the root system, enable the cells of the root system to rapidly divide and grow, and improve the rooting rate; can inhibit or alleviate diseases, such as generation of antibiotics, removal of iron element available for pathogenic bacteria, secretion of antifungal metabolites, competition with pathogenic microorganisms for living space and nutrients, etc., prevent damage of soil-borne diseases and pests of plants to new roots, and increase rooting rate. The agrobacterium rhizogenes and the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-rooted flowers can play a gain role, T-DNA of Ri plasmid of the agrobacterium rhizogenes can be inserted into the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, certain specific genes of the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria can be changed, the Ri plasmid of the agrobacterium rhizogenes can easily enter root cells, the plants are induced to generate nodules and simultaneously stimulate roots to generate a large amount of melatonin, the influence of environmental stress on the just-transplanted long-rooted flowers is relieved, the inhibition of the increase of endogenous cytokinin induced by estradiol on the growth of the main roots can be relieved, the size of a meristematic zone is changed by changing the number of cells of the meristematic zone, the length of the main roots is further influenced, the effect of promoting the growth of the main roots is achieved, the formation of lateral roots and adventitious roots is promoted, the cultivation survival rate of the long-rooted flowers is improved, more.
More preferably, the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacterium derived from the rhizosphere soil of the lonicera fragilis is a bacillus species. The bacillus species is a bacillus amyloliquefaciens subspecies.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method can purify the water environment to the maximum extent, provides a good living environment for the long-noded rain flower, and simultaneously has a stronger removing force with the long-noded rain flower on organic pollutants phenol and ammonia nitrogen in water to play a mutual gain role, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying water quality; the cultivation method disclosed by the invention can be used for reducing the influence of environmental stress on the freshly transplanted long-stalked blossoms, relieving the inhibition of the increase of endogenous cytokinin induced by estradiol on the growth of the main root, promoting the growth of the main root and the formation of lateral roots and adventitious roots of the long-stalked blossoms, inhibiting or reducing diseases, improving the survival rate of the long-stalked blossoms, enabling the long-stalked blossoms to adsorb more organic matters and improving the water quality.
The cultivation method of the long-noded sedum is provided by adopting the technical scheme, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and is reasonable in design and convenient to operate.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
a method for cultivating a long-noded sedum, comprising:
1) preparation of cultivation pots: selecting a cultivation pot with the pot diameter of 55cm and the height of 40cm, adding a biological base fertilizer with the thickness of 20cm at the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then adding cultivation soil mixed with 0.6 per thousand waste plastic activated carbon and 0.3 per thousand rooting agent on the biological base fertilizer, wherein the thickness of the cultivation soil is 10 cm;
2) seedling cultivation: firstly, disinfecting a matrix for sowing, soaking seeds for 3 hours by using warm water until the seeds absorb water and swell to sow, pulling out diseased and weak seedlings after most of the seeds emerge, enabling the remained seedlings to have a certain space, and transplanting after the seedlings grow 3 leaves;
3) cultivation: planting the seedlings in cultivation soil in a cultivation pot, and covering soil to submerge terminal buds;
4) controlling the water level: when the cultivating pot is sunk into the water pool, the water level in the water pool is controlled to just submerge the cultivating pot, the water level is gradually increased along with the growth of the leaves of the long-flowered blossoms, the water level in the water pool is controlled to be 20cm away from the pot surface when the long-flowered blossoms grow vigorously, and the water is drained carefully to ensure that the long-flowered blossoms are not submerged by large water;
5) fertilization management: in the growth process of the planted long blossoms, topdressing is carried out once every 30 days, wherein the topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing cake fertilizer powder, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the weight ratio of 8:1:1.2 of the cake fertilizer powder, the urea and the calcium superphosphate, 30 g of topdressing is carried out on each plant every time, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 25 days in the period of 6 months every year;
6) and (3) pest control: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a botanical pesticide on the monochamus ramosissimus to prevent and control aphids and the hydropipes ramusculi, spraying 800 times of a 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution to prevent and control leaf rot of the monochamus ramosissimus, and spraying 600 times of a 75% chlorothalonil solution to prevent and control black spot of the monochamus ramosissimus; during blooming period of the long-noded carposina rosea, the residual leaves and flowers are cut off, and the diseased leaves are removed in time.
The preparation method of the waste plastic activated carbon in the preparation step of the cultivation pot specifically comprises the following steps:
1) washing the waste plastic, drying, crushing, heating to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 30min under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then continuously heating to 650 ℃ for carbonization for 30min to obtain a carbonized material;
2) putting the carbonized material into an activating agent which is a solution activating agent containing 3% gluconic acid and 36wt% potassium hydroxide, activating for 5 hours under the conditions that the material-liquid ratio is 1:6g/mL, the electric field strength is 50kV/cm and the pulse number is 10, filtering and drying, heating for 5 minutes in nitrogen atmosphere at the microwave power of 500W and under normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying to obtain the waste plastic activated carbon. The carbon content of the plastic is high, so that carbonization is possible, but the waste plastic is an insulator and cannot directly absorb microwaves in a microwave field to increase the temperature, so that the waste plastic is required to be pretreated firstly to be irradiated by microwaves to prepare the activated carbon, and the waste plastic has the capacity of absorbing the microwaves to increase the temperature and load an activating agent. In the process of pyrolyzing the waste plastics, non-carbon elements such as hydrogen element and oxygen element overflow the system in the form of gas to be removed, part of the carbon element overflows from the system in the form of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and when part of the carbon element overflows from the system in the form of gas, the rest most of the carbon element exists in the system in the form of graphite microcrystals. The high-voltage pulse electric field and the activating agent can exert the synergistic effect, the activating agent is used as an electrolyte, the high-voltage pulse electric field has the electric pulse effect while generating high-voltage current, the non-covalent bonds such as ionic bonds, hydrophobic effect, electrostatic effect and the like of graphite microcrystals in the carbonized material are damaged, so that the space structure of the graphite microcrystals is damaged, carbon elements are continuously and randomly combined to form a certain pore structure, the capability of loading the activating agent on the obtained carbonized material is improved, the activating effect is improved, the spark time is shortened, the generation of a carbon framework is promoted, the activated carbon forms more micropore structures, and the activated carbon has stronger chemical adsorption capabilities such as heavy metal complexing capability, heavy metal oxidation capability, hydrophilicity, organic matter adsorption capability and the like, can purify the water environment to the maximum extent, provides a good living environment for the morninghama flower and can simultaneously react with the organic phenol pollutants in the, The ammonia nitrogen has stronger removing force to play a mutual gain role, and the purpose of purifying the water quality is achieved. Micropores in the prepared activated carbon account for more than 93 percent of the pore structure, the activated carbon is microporous activated carbon, surface functional groups mainly comprise oxygen-containing functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl groups, ether groups, secondary alcohols, carbonyl groups and the like, and the functional groups enable the activated carbon to have chemical adsorption capacities such as heavy metal complexing capacity, heavy metal oxidation capacity, hydrophilicity, organic matter adsorption capacity and the like, can purify a water environment to the maximum extent, provides a good living environment for the long-stalked blossoms, and can simultaneously play a role of mutual gain with stronger removal force of organic pollutants such as phenol and ammonia nitrogen in the water by the long-stalked blossoms, so that the purpose of purifying the water quality is achieved.
The rooting agent in the preparation step of the cultivation pot comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.6 part of agrobacterium rhizogenes, 0.05 part of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the monochamus hybridus, 1.8 parts of 6-BA, 8 parts of indoleacetic acid, 121 parts of vitamin B and 60 parts of talcum powder. The root growth of the plant is influenced mainly by the Ri plasmid of the agrobacterium rhizogenes, the Ri plasmid is a genome independently existing in the agrobacterium rhizogenes, double-stranded DNA is in a closed ring shape, when the agrobacterium rhizogenes infects the plant, the Ri plasmid can be effectively and quickly transformed into the plant, a T-DNA region of the Ri plasmid is transferred into plant cells and participates in the integration and expression of the genome related to the root growth of the plant, so that hairy roots are generated, the root growth rate is obviously improved, simultaneously, due to gene expression, enzymes, proteins and hormones related to the root growth and the root growth of the plant infected in the plant are correspondingly enhanced, the phenotypic growth characteristics of the root system, stem and leaf of the plant are improved, and the rooting and survival of the plant are improved from multiple aspects. The rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-rooted flowers are bacillus species which are bacillus amyloliquefaciens subspecies, the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-rooted flowers can be colonized in the rhizosphere of the plants to generate specific components, such as organic acid secretion to dissolve phosphorus in the soil, iron carriers generated to be combined with iron elements in the soil, plant hormones such as auxin (IAA), Cytokinin (CTK), Gibberellin (GA) and the like generated to promote the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances by root systems, so that the root system cells are rapidly divided and grown, and the rooting rate is improved; can inhibit or alleviate diseases, such as generation of antibiotics, removal of iron element available for pathogenic bacteria, secretion of antifungal metabolites, competition with pathogenic microorganisms for living space and nutrients, etc., prevent damage of soil-borne diseases and pests of plants to new roots, and increase rooting rate. The agrobacterium rhizogenes and the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-rooted flowers can play a gain role, T-DNA of Ri plasmid of the agrobacterium rhizogenes can be inserted into the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria, certain specific genes of the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria can be changed, the Ri plasmid of the agrobacterium rhizogenes can easily enter root cells, the plants are induced to generate nodules and simultaneously stimulate roots to generate a large amount of melatonin, the influence of environmental stress on the just-transplanted long-rooted flowers is relieved, the inhibition of the increase of endogenous cytokinin induced by estradiol on the growth of the main roots can be relieved, the size of a meristematic zone is changed by changing the number of cells of the meristematic zone, the length of the main roots is further influenced, the effect of promoting the growth of the main roots is achieved, the formation of lateral roots and adventitious roots is promoted, the cultivation survival rate of the long-rooted flowers is improved, more.
Example 2:
a method for cultivating a long-noded sedum, comprising:
1) preparation of cultivation pots: selecting a cultivation pot with the pot diameter of 58cm and the height of 45cm, adding a biological base fertilizer with the thickness of 22cm at the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then adding cultivation soil mixed with 0.8 wt% of waste plastic activated carbon and 0.5 wt% of rooting agent on the biological base fertilizer, wherein the thickness of the cultivation soil is 12 cm;
2) seedling cultivation: firstly, disinfecting a matrix for sowing, soaking seeds for 6 hours by using warm water until the seeds absorb water and swell to sow, pulling out diseased and weak seedlings after most of the seeds emerge, enabling the remained seedlings to have a certain space, and transplanting after the seedlings grow 3 leaves;
3) cultivation: planting the seedlings in cultivation soil in a cultivation pot, and covering soil to submerge terminal buds;
4) controlling the water level: when the cultivating pot is sunk into the water pool, the water level in the water pool is controlled to just submerge the cultivating pot, the water level is gradually increased along with the growth of the leaves of the long-flowered blossoms, the water level in the water pool is controlled to be 20-30 cm away from the pot surface when the long-flowered blossoms grow vigorously, and the long-flowered blossoms are ensured not to be submerged by big water by paying attention to drainage;
5) fertilization management: in the growth process of the planted long blossoms, topdressing is carried out once every 32 days, the topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing cake fertilizer powder, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the weight ratio of 9:1.2:1.5 of the cake fertilizer powder, the urea and the calcium superphosphate, 32 g of topdressing is carried out on each plant every time, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 28 days in the 7 month period every year;
6) and (3) pest control: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a botanical pesticide on the monochamus ramosissimus to prevent and control aphids and the hydropipes ramusculi, spraying 800 times of a 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution to prevent and control leaf rot of the monochamus ramosissimus, and spraying 700 times of a 75% chlorothalonil solution to prevent and control black spot of the monochamus ramosissimus; during blooming period of the long-noded carposina rosea, the residual leaves and flowers are cut off, and the diseased leaves are removed in time.
The preparation method of the waste plastic activated carbon in the preparation step of the cultivation pot specifically comprises the following steps:
1) washing the waste plastic, drying, crushing, heating to 410 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 40min under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then continuously heating to 700 ℃ for carbonization for 40min to obtain a carbonized material;
2) putting the carbonized material into an activating agent which is a solution activating agent containing 5% of gluconic acid and 38% of potassium hydroxide by weight, activating for 8 hours under the conditions that the material-liquid ratio is 1:7g/mL, the electric field intensity is 55kV/cm and the pulse number is 12, filtering and drying, heating for 8 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere at the microwave power of 600W and normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying to obtain the waste plastic activated carbon.
The rooting agent in the preparation step of the cultivation pot comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.0 part of agrobacterium rhizogenes, 0.07 part of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the monochamus hybridus, 2.1 parts of 6-BA, 11 parts of indoleacetic acid, 122 parts of vitamin B and 70 parts of talcum powder.
Example 3:
a method for cultivating a long-noded sedum, comprising:
1) preparation of cultivation pots: selecting a cultivation pot with the pot diameter of 60cm and the height of 50cm, adding a biological base fertilizer with the thickness of 25cm at the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then adding cultivation soil mixed with 1.0 wt% of waste plastic activated carbon and 0.8 wt% of rooting agent on the biological base fertilizer, wherein the thickness of the cultivation soil is 15 cm;
2) seedling cultivation: firstly, disinfecting a matrix for sowing, soaking seeds for 10 hours by using warm water until the seeds absorb water and swell to sow, pulling out diseased and weak seedlings after most of the seeds emerge, enabling the remained seedlings to have a certain space, and transplanting after the seedlings grow 3 leaves;
3) cultivation: planting the seedlings in cultivation soil in a cultivation pot, and covering soil to submerge terminal buds;
4) controlling the water level: when the cultivating pot is sunk into the water pool, the water level in the water pool is controlled to just submerge the cultivating pot, the water level is gradually increased along with the growth of the leaves of the long-flowered blossoms, the water level in the water pool is controlled to be 20-30 cm away from the pot surface when the long-flowered blossoms grow vigorously, and the long-flowered blossoms are ensured not to be submerged by big water by paying attention to drainage;
5) fertilization management: in the growth process of the planted long-flowered blossoms, topdressing is carried out once every 35 days, the topdressing is obtained by uniformly mixing cake fertilizer powder, urea and calcium superphosphate according to the weight ratio of 10:1.5:1.7 of the cake fertilizer powder, the urea and the calcium superphosphate, 35 g of topdressing is carried out on each plant every time, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 30 days in the period of 8 months every year;
6) and (3) pest control: the method comprises the following steps of spraying a botanical pesticide on the monochamus ramosissimus to prevent and control aphids and the hydropipes ramusculi, spraying 800 times of a 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution to prevent and control leaf rot of the monochamus ramosissimus, and spraying 800 times of a 75% chlorothalonil solution to prevent and control black spot of the monochamus ramosissimus; during blooming period of the long-noded carposina rosea, the residual leaves and flowers are cut off, and the diseased leaves are removed in time.
The preparation method of the waste plastic activated carbon in the preparation step of the cultivation pot specifically comprises the following steps:
1) washing the waste plastic, drying, crushing, heating to 420 ℃ at a heating rate of 12 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 50min under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then continuously heating to 750 ℃ for carbonization for 60min to obtain a carbonized material;
2) putting the carbonized material into an activator which is a solution activator containing 7% of gluconic acid and 40% of potassium hydroxide by weight, activating the activator which is a solution containing 7% of gluconic acid and 40% of potassium hydroxide by weight for 10 hours under the conditions that the material-liquid ratio is 1:8g/mL, the electric field strength is 60kV/cm, and the pulse number is 15, filtering and drying, heating for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere at the microwave power of 700W and normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying to obtain the waste plastic activated carbon.
The rooting agent in the preparation step of the cultivation pot comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.2 parts of agrobacterium rhizogenes, 0.1 part of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the lonicera fragrans, 2.4 parts of 6-BA, 13 parts of indoleacetic acid, 123 parts of vitamin B and 80 parts of talcum powder.
Comparative example 1:
a method for cultivating a long-noded sedum, comprising:
preparation of cultivation pots: selecting a cultivation pot with the pot diameter of 58cm and the height of 45cm, adding a biological base fertilizer with the thickness of 22cm at the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then adding cultivation soil mixed with 0.8 wt% of waste plastic activated carbon on the biological base fertilizer, wherein the thickness of the cultivation soil is 12 cm. The rest of the process was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 2:
a method for cultivating a long-noded sedum, comprising:
preparation of cultivation pots: selecting a cultivation pot with the pot diameter of 58cm and the height of 45cm, adding a biological base fertilizer with the thickness of 22cm at the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then adding cultivation soil mixed with 0.5 wt% of rooting agent on the biological base fertilizer, wherein the thickness of the cultivation soil is 12 cm. The rest of the process was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3:
a method for cultivating a long-noded sedum, comprising:
preparation of cultivation pots: selecting a cultivation pot with the pot diameter of 58cm and the height of 45cm, adding a biological base fertilizer with the thickness of 22cm at the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then putting cultivation soil on the biological base fertilizer, wherein the thickness of the cultivation soil is 12 cm. The rest of the process was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 4:
a method for cultivating the long-noded sedum, wherein the method for preparing the waste plastic activated carbon comprises the following steps:
1) washing the waste plastic, drying, crushing, heating to 410 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 40min under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then continuously heating to 700 ℃ for carbonization for 40min to obtain a carbonized material;
2) putting the carbonized material into an activating agent, wherein the activating agent is 38wt% potassium hydroxide solution, activating for 8h under the conditions that the material-liquid ratio is 1:7g/mL, the electric field intensity is 55kV/cm and the pulse number is 12, filtering, drying, heating for 8min in nitrogen atmosphere at the microwave power of 600W and normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying to obtain the waste plastic activated carbon. The rest of the process was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 5:
a method for cultivating the long-noded sedum, wherein the method for preparing the waste plastic activated carbon comprises the following steps:
1) washing the waste plastic, drying, crushing, heating to 410 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 40min under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then continuously heating to 700 ℃ for carbonization for 40min to obtain a carbonized material;
2) putting the carbonized material into an activating agent, wherein the activating agent is a solution containing 5% gluconic acid and 38wt% potassium hydroxide, activating for 8 hours under the condition that the material-liquid ratio is 1:7g/mL, filtering and drying, heating for 8 minutes in nitrogen atmosphere at the microwave power of 600W and normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying to obtain the waste plastic activated carbon. The rest of the process was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 6:
a method for cultivating a Potentilla chinensis, wherein a rooting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.0 part of agrobacterium rhizogenes, 2.1 parts of 6-BA, 11 parts of indoleacetic acid, 122 parts of vitamin B and 70 parts of talcum powder. The rest of the process was the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 7:
a method for cultivating a Potentilla chinensis, wherein a rooting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.07 part of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the monochamus hybridus, 2.1 parts of 6-BA, 11 parts of indoleacetic acid, 122 parts of vitamin B and 70 parts of talcum powder. The rest of the process was the same as in example 2.
Test example 1:
determination of ammonia nitrogen content in water
Transplanting for 30d, selecting the water samples in the example 2, the comparative example 1, the comparative example 2, the comparative example 3, the comparative example 4 and the comparative example 5, determining the water quality index to be ammonia nitrogen, and referring to a water and wastewater monitoring and analyzing method, the specific method is as follows:
and (3) measuring ammonia nitrogen: the ammonia nitrogen determination method generally comprises a NaSCL method, a gas phase molecular absorption method, a salicylic acid-hypochlorite colorimetric method, an electrode method and the like. The Nassner reagent colorimetric method has the characteristics of simple operation, sensitivity and the like, so the method is selected for measuring the ammonia nitrogen in the test, and the removal rate of the ammonia nitrogen is calculated. The water sample is filtered by a 0.45 mu m microporous filter membrane before measurement. The ammonia nitrogen removal rates of the water samples of example 2, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, comparative example 3, comparative example 4 and comparative example 5 are 99.9%, 98.9%, 95.0%, 93.5%, 95.6% and 96.0%, respectively, which shows that the ammonia nitrogen removal effect of example 2 is the best. Comparing example 2 with comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, it can be known that the existence of the waste plastic activated carbon and the rooting agent can improve the strong removing force of the cordyceps sinensis on ammonia nitrogen in water; compared with the embodiment 2, the comparative example 4 and the comparative example 5, it can be known that the high-voltage pulse electric field and the activating agent can exert the synergistic effect, so that the activated carbon forms more microporous structures, has strong heavy metal complexing capacity, heavy metal oxidation capacity, hydrophilicity, organic matter adsorption capacity and other chemical adsorption capacity, can purify the water environment to the maximum extent, provides a good living environment for the long-noded rain flower, and simultaneously has strong removal force with the long-noded rain flower on organic pollutants phenol and ammonia nitrogen in the water to play a role in mutual gain, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the water quality.
Test example 2:
root index and survival rate
And (5) transplanting for 30d, counting the root system indexes and survival rates of the long-noded sedge in the example 2, the comparative example 6 and the comparative example 7, and simultaneously measuring the root system indexes and survival rates of common commercial rooting powder and rooting liquid under the same conditions, wherein the results are shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 rooting percentage and root system index of Potentilla chinensis
As can be seen from Table 1, the average root rooting rate, the average root length, the root surface area growth rate and the survival rate of the rooting agent composition in the embodiment 2 are far better than those of common commercial rooting powder and rooting solution, and the rooting agent composition has an excellent rooting effect on the transplantation of the long-stalked blossoms; comparing the test results of example 2 with comparative examples 3 and 4, it can be found that Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the growth-promoting rhizobacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-rooted flowers can play a role in increasing and achieve the effect of promoting rooting and growth.
Conventional techniques in the above embodiments are known to those skilled in the art, and therefore, will not be described in detail herein.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A cultivation method of the long-noded sedum, which is characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
preparation of cultivation pots: adding a biological base fertilizer into the bottom of the cultivation pot, and then putting cultivation soil mixed with waste plastic activated carbon and a rooting agent on the biological base fertilizer; in the preparation step of the cultivation pot, the cultivation soil contains 0.6 to 1.0wt per mill of waste plastic activated carbon and 0.3 to 0.8wt per mill of rooting agent;
cultivating seedlings;
cultivation: planting the seedlings in cultivation soil in the cultivation pots; and the number of the first and second groups,
water level control, fertilization management and pest control;
the rooting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.6-1.2 parts of agrobacterium rhizogenes, 0.05-0.1 part of rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the long-noded sedge, 1.8-2.4 parts of 6-BA, 8-13 parts of indoleacetic acid, 121-3 parts of vitamin B and 60-80 parts of talcum powder;
the rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria derived from the rhizosphere soil of the lonicera fragrans are subspecies of a bacillus amyloliquefaciens plant;
the preparation method of the waste plastic activated carbon in the preparation step of the cultivation pot specifically comprises the following steps:
1) washing the waste plastic, drying, crushing, heating to 400-420 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-12 ℃/min for pyrolysis for 30-50min under the nitrogen atmosphere, and then continuing heating to 650-750 ℃ for carbonization for 30-60min to obtain a carbonized material;
2) activating the carbonized material in an activating agent, filtering and drying, heating for 5-10min in nitrogen atmosphere with the microwave power of 500-700W and under normal pressure, cooling to room temperature, washing and drying to obtain waste plastic activated carbon;
the activator is a solution containing 3-7% of gluconic acid and 36-40wt% of potassium hydroxide;
the activation is carried out under the conditions that the electric field intensity is 50-60kV/cm and the pulse number is 10-15.
2. The method for cultivating a long-noded rain flower according to claim 1, wherein: the feed-liquid ratio of the carbonized material to the activating agent is 1:6-8g/mL, and the activation time is 5-10 h.
3. The method for cultivating a long-noded rain flower according to claim 1, wherein: in the preparation step of the cultivation pot, the pot diameter of the cultivation pot is 55-60cm, and the pot height is 40-50 cm.
4. The method for cultivating a long-noded rain flower according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the biological base fertilizer in the preparation step of the cultivation pot is 20-25cm, and the thickness of the cultivation soil is 10-15 cm.
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