CN109848373B - Composite casting equipment and casting method for thick and large castings - Google Patents
Composite casting equipment and casting method for thick and large castings Download PDFInfo
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- CN109848373B CN109848373B CN201910255883.3A CN201910255883A CN109848373B CN 109848373 B CN109848373 B CN 109848373B CN 201910255883 A CN201910255883 A CN 201910255883A CN 109848373 B CN109848373 B CN 109848373B
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 101100441413 Caenorhabditis elegans cup-15 gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 3
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004630 mental health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite casting device and a casting method for thick and large castings, comprising a horizontal pressure tank, wherein the front end surface of the pressure tank is a plane and is provided with a tank door hole, a pressure tank sealing door capable of being opened and closed is covered at the tank door hole, the bottom of an inner cavity of the pressure tank is provided with a horizontal guide rail bottom plate, the front side of the pressure tank is provided with a movable guide rail capable of translating along the axis of the pressure tank, the movable guide rail is provided with a slidable flat trolley, the flat trolley is provided with a pouring sand box, and a thick and large casting pouring system is arranged in the pouring sand box; the rear part of the guide rail bottom plate is provided with a fixed guide rail which is coaxial with the movable guide rail and has the same shape and size; the tank body of the pressure tank is provided with a tank body compressed air inlet which is connected with a compressed air control valve through a short pipe, the inlet of the compressed air control valve is connected with a compressed air pipe, and the tank body of the pressure tank is provided with a pressure gauge and a safety valve. The equipment can realize solidification molding of castings under pressure, is economical and environment-friendly, and can effectively avoid occurrence of safety accidents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnesium alloy casting device, in particular to composite casting equipment of a thick and large casting; the invention also relates to a casting method of the thick and large casting, and belongs to the technical field of metal casting.
Background
The casting of magnesium alloy is usually sand casting, the magnesium alloy liquid is poured into a sand mould cavity which is matched with the shape of the part, and after the magnesium alloy liquid is cooled and solidified, a blank or the part is obtained by cutting. Because of the reasons of structure, casting parameters and the like, the solidification time of molten metal in different parts in a die cavity is unequal, so that thermal stress is generated after the casting is solidified, the casting is deformed, cracked and the like, and meanwhile, the casting has the defects of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity and the like because of the unequal cooling solidification time. In the solidification process of molten metal, the thick and large part is the place in the casting which is finally cooled and solidified, so-called casting hot joint is formed. It is often desirable to provide a chiller at the hot junction to increase the cooling rate at the hot junction.
Conventionally, gravity casting still adopts a riser for feeding, and if a thick large part is placed at the riser, a very large riser needs to be arranged, and the large riser can cause a great deal of waste of alloy liquid. In addition, for the complex castings with more than one thick and large parts and two thick and large parts connected through a thin wall part, the thick and large parts below cannot be fed through a riser due to structural problems, and the hot spots cannot be completely eliminated through a chill, so that the qualification rate of the castings is low.
Therefore, the traditional sand mould gravity casting mode is difficult to produce high-quality and complex castings. The low-pressure casting can lead the casting to obtain pressure feeding before solidification, but the safety is poor due to the problems of burning of the magnesium casting, and the like, and once the casting runs out or the magnesium liquid in the furnace is not effectively protected, the safety accident is easy to happen.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems existing in the prior art, providing the composite casting equipment for the thick and large castings, which can realize solidification and molding of the thick and large castings by gravity pouring under pressure, is economical and environment-friendly, and can effectively avoid safety accidents.
In order to solve the technical problems, the composite casting equipment for the thick and large castings comprises a horizontal and closed pressure tank, wherein the front end face of the pressure tank is a plane and is provided with a tank door hole, a pressure tank sealing door capable of being opened and closed is covered at the tank door hole, a movable guide rail capable of translating along the axis of the pressure tank is arranged on the front side of the pressure tank, a flat trolley capable of sliding along the movable guide rail is supported on the movable guide rail, a casting sand box is supported on the flat trolley, and a thick and large casting pouring system is arranged in the casting sand box; the rear part of the inner cavity of the pressure tank is provided with a fixed guide rail which can be butted with the movable guide rail and has the same shape and size; the tank body of the pressure tank is provided with a tank body compressed air inlet, the tank body compressed air inlet is connected with a compressed air control valve through a short pipe, the inlet of the compressed air control valve is connected with a compressed air pipe, and the tank body of the pressure tank is provided with a pressure gauge and a safety valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the initial pressure tank sealing door is in an open state, the rear end of the movable guide rail slides into the inner cavity of the pressure tank and is butted with the front end of the fixed guide rail, the flat trolley is arranged on the movable guide rail and is positioned outside the pressure tank, the casting sand box is arranged on the flat trolley, casting of the casting mould is completed outside the tank body in a gravity mode, then the flat trolley slides backwards onto the fixed guide rail with the casting sand box, the guide rail driving device drives the movable guide rail to move forwards outside the pressure tank, the pressure tank sealing door is closed, the compressed air control valve is opened, the pressure tank is pressurized to a set value for maintaining pressure, magnesium alloy liquid is solidified and molded under pressure, then the pressure tank is relieved, the pressure tank sealing door is opened again, the movable guide rail slides backwards again into the inner cavity of the pressure tank and is butted with the front end of the fixed guide rail, and the flat trolley slides to the front end of the movable guide rail for waiting for the next casting. Thus, the magnesium alloy casting is formed under pressure, and the product quality is ensured; the safety problem of low-pressure casting is avoided, and accidents are effectively avoided; meanwhile, the protection of argon or sulfur hexafluoride gas with higher cost is avoided, and the method is economical and environment-friendly.
As an improvement of the invention, the hinged end of the pressure tank sealing door is hinged to the inner wall of the front end face of the pressure tank, the area of the pressure tank sealing door is larger than that of the tank door hole, and the inner wall of the front end face of the pressure tank is embedded with a sealing ring coiled around the tank door hole. The pressure tank sealing door adopts interior opening type, and after the pressure tank sealing door was closed, the pressure in the jar made the pressure tank sealing door compress tightly more on the sealing washer for it is more reliable to seal, can not outwards open fast moreover, and the security is better.
As a further improvement of the invention, the inner wall of the pressure tank sealing door is hinged with a telescopic driving rod capable of driving the pressure tank sealing door to open and close, and the fixed end of the telescopic driving rod is hinged with the inner wall of the pressure tank. The pressure tank sealing door is closed when the telescopic driving rod extends out, and is opened when the telescopic driving rod retracts.
As a further improvement of the invention, the compressed air inlet of the tank body is positioned at the center of the rear sealing head of the pressure tank, the inlet of the compressed air pipe is connected with the outlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the circumference of the compressed air storage tank is connected with the air inlet of the storage tank. The compressed air storage tank is pressurized to the required pressure in advance through the air inlet of the storage tank, so that the pressure of the pressure tank can be quickly increased to the set pressure.
As a further improvement of the invention, the bottom of the movable guide rail is supported on a movable guide rail support, and the lower end of the movable guide rail support is fixed on the ground; the bottom of the pressure tank is supported on a pressure tank support, and the bottom of the pressure tank support is fixed on the ground. The top of the movable guide rail support can be provided with a guide groove for guiding the movable guide rail; the rollers with edges can be arranged, so that the guide can be realized, and the moving resistance can be reduced.
As a further improvement of the invention, a pressure sensor is arranged on the tank body of the pressure tank, and the opening and closing of the compressed air control valve is controlled by the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor. The automatic control of the pressure tank can be realized.
As a further improvement of the invention, the thick and large casting pouring system comprises a pouring cup and a casting cavity, wherein the casting cavity comprises an upper thick large part, a middle thin part and a lower thick large part which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, the bottom of the pouring cup is connected with a vertical downward extending straight pouring gate, the bottom of the straight pouring gate is communicated with the combining part of a front transverse pouring gate and a rear transverse pouring gate, the front transverse pouring gate and the rear transverse pouring gate are in axisymmetric distribution, the front transverse pouring gate extends forwards and rightwards and is connected with the front side of the lower thick large part, the rear transverse pouring gate extends backwards and rightwards and is connected with the rear side of the lower thick large part, and the blind ends at the right ends of the front transverse pouring gate and the rear transverse pouring gate are respectively provided with an upward extending slag collecting riser; the top of the upper thick large part is connected with a riser, and the periphery of the riser is wrapped with riser insulation cotton; the periphery of the middle thin-wall part is provided with thin-wall part heat preservation cotton, the outer side and the bottom of the lower thick part are both provided with cold iron shells, and the inner cavity of the cold iron shells is provided with high-temperature paraffin. The molten metal enters from the pouring cup, flows downwards to the cross gate along the straight gate, flows to the front side and the rear side of the lower part of the casting cavity along the front cross gate and the rear cross gate respectively, is filled with a lower thick large part, a middle thin part and an upper thick large part in sequence, and finally emerges from a riser, and the top of the riser is leveled with the top of the pouring cup. When the scum in the molten metal flows to the blind ends at the right ends of the front runner and the rear runner, the scum upwards enters a slag collecting riser for storage, and the scum is prevented from entering a cavity, so that the casting quality is improved. The riser is arranged above the upper thick part, and the riser insulation cotton is wrapped on the periphery of the riser, so that the cooling time of the riser can be effectively prolonged, the feeding capacity of the riser is increased, the use of a riser with a larger size is avoided, and the waste of molten metal is reduced; secondly, the lower thick large part is far away from the riser, and the thin-wall part heat-insulating cotton is arranged at the part with the thinner middle part to slow down the cooling of the part, so that the feeding of the lower thick large part is realized; in addition, the outer side and the bottom of the lower thick large part are provided with the chill shell, and the chill shell is usually aluminum, so that the heat conduction performance is good, and the cooling of the lower thick large part can be accelerated; the high-temperature paraffin in the chiller shell is heated and melted, and absorbs a large amount of heat, so that the chilling effect of the chiller can be further enhanced. The pouring system adopts different feeding structures for different thick and large parts, is convenient to use and low in cost, and can improve the qualification rate of castings.
The invention further aims to overcome the problems in the prior art, and provides a casting method of a thick and large casting, which can realize solidification and molding of the thick and large casting by gravity pouring under pressure, is economical and environment-friendly, and can effectively avoid safety accidents.
In order to solve the technical problems, the casting method of the thick and large casting is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence: the method comprises the steps that a sealing door of a pressure tank is in an open state, the rear end of a movable guide rail slides into an inner cavity of the pressure tank, the rear end of the movable guide rail is in butt joint with the front end of a fixed guide rail, a flat trolley is arranged on the movable guide rail and is positioned outside the pressure tank, and a casting sand box is arranged on the flat trolley; secondly, casting molten metal of a thick and large casting pouring system is finished outside the tank body; the flat trolley slides backwards on the fixed guide rail along with the pouring sand box; moving the guide rail forwards to the outside of the pressure tank; fifthly, closing a sealing door of the pressure tank, opening a compressed air control valve, pressurizing the pressure tank to a set value, and maintaining the pressure to solidify and mold the alloy liquid under pressure; releasing pressure of the pressure tank, and opening a sealing door of the pressure tank again; the movable guide rail slides back into the inner cavity of the pressure tank again, and the rear end of the movable guide rail is butted with the front end of the fixed guide rail; and the flat trolley slides to the front end of the movable guide rail, the casting sand box is taken down, and the thick and large casting is cut.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the magnesium alloy casting is formed under pressure, and the product quality is ensured; the safety problem of low-pressure casting is avoided, and accidents are effectively avoided; meanwhile, the protection of argon or sulfur hexafluoride gas with higher cost is avoided, and the method is economical and environment-friendly.
As an improvement of the invention, the casting method further comprises the steps of: polishing the cut thick and large castings on a polishing tool; the polishing tool comprises a circular platform, wherein two upright plates which are erected upwards are fixedly connected to the top surface of the circular platform, the two upright plates are parallel to each other and are symmetrically positioned at two ends of the same diameter of the circular platform, screw nuts are welded at the middle parts of the top surfaces of the two upright plates respectively, horizontal screw rods are screwed in the two screw nuts respectively, the two horizontal screw rods extend out in opposite directions and are coaxial, clamping plates are fixedly connected to the inner ends of the two horizontal screw rods in opposite directions respectively, and the two clamping plates are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal screw rods; the center of the bottom of the circular platform is connected with a platform center shaft which extends downwards, the lower end of the platform center shaft is inserted into a platform bearing, the platform bearing is arranged at the center of a supporting plate, at least one supporting plate positioning hole is formed in the circumference of the supporting plate, a plurality of platform positioning holes are uniformly distributed in the circumference of the circular platform, and platform positioning pins downwards extend into the supporting plate positioning holes from a certain platform positioning hole; the bottom of backup pad is connected with the support frame, the lower extreme fixed connection of support frame is in the upper end of rack, the rack is along vertical extension and can follow rack guide and slide from top to bottom, rack guide's upper end is fixed in the base box. The distance between the two clamping plates can be adjusted by rotating the two horizontal screw rods, the clamping plates are clamped from two sides, and a casting does not need to be supported by hands during polishing; the round platform is rotated to enable the part to be polished to face an operator, and then the platform locating pin downwards extends into the supporting plate locating hole from a certain platform locating hole, so that the round platform is locked on the supporting plate. The circular platform can be continuously rotated by pulling down the platform locating pin so as to polish other surfaces of the casting. The tool can rotate the casting at will, does not need an operator to turn the casting continuously, can fix the casting, greatly facilitates operation and improves labor productivity. The invention does not need electricity or gas, and is convenient to operate, safe and practical. Under the drive of the driving mechanism, the racks slide up and down along the rack guide rails, so that the height of the circular platform can be increased or reduced, operators can sit on the stool for operation and stand up for operation, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the device is beneficial to physical and mental health of workers.
As a further improvement of the invention, the base box comprises a box bottom plate, a box top plate and a box wall plate, wherein a gear is meshed with the front side of the rack, the gear is fixed on a gear shaft, two ends of the gear shaft are supported on the box wall plate through gear shaft bearings, one end of the gear shaft extends out of the box wall plate and is provided with a gear shaft rotating arm, and the free end of the gear shaft rotating arm is provided with a gear shaft handle; the front side of the rack is also provided with a pawl which can be inserted into and prevent the rack from sliding downwards, the pawl is fixed on a pawl shaft, two ends of the pawl shaft are supported on the box wallboard, and one end of the pawl shaft extends out of the box wallboard and is provided with a pawl shaft handle. The gear shaft handle is rocked, the gear shaft rotating arm drives the gear shaft to rotate, the gears are fixed on the gear shaft through keys and synchronously rotate along with the gear shaft, and the racks ascend or descend to adjust the heights of the round platform and the castings. The pawl shaft is rotated forward through the pawl shaft handle, so that the pawl can be inserted into the rack, and the pawl is automatically locked by the gravity above the rack, so that the rack cannot slide down. When the height of the casting needs to be adjusted, the pawl shaft is reversely rotated through the pawl shaft handle, so that the pawl is separated from the rack, the gear can be rotated through the gear shaft handle at the moment, the height of the rack can be readjusted, and after the height is adjusted in place, the pawl is embedded again to be locked.
Drawings
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, which are provided for reference and illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a composite casting apparatus for heavy castings according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the pressure tank of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the pressure tank of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a first working state diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a second working state diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a third working state diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a fourth working state diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a fifth working state diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a sixth working state diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a front view of the pouring system for heavy castings in the pouring flask.
Fig. 11 is a top view of fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is a perspective view of fig. 10.
Fig. 14 is a front view of the sanding tool.
Fig. 15 is a left side view of fig. 14.
Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along B-B in fig. 15.
Fig. 17 is a top view of fig. 14.
Fig. 18 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 15.
In the figure: 1. a pressure tank; 1a, a tank door hole; 1b, fixing a guide rail; 1c, a compressed air inlet of the tank body; 2. a pressure tank sealing door; 2a, a sealing ring; 2b, a telescopic driving rod; 3. a moving guide rail; 4. a flat trolley; 5. pouring a sand box; 6. moving the guide rail support; 7. a pressure tank support; 8. a pressure gauge; 9. a safety valve; 10. a pressure sensor; 11. a compressed air control valve; 12. a compressed air tube; 13. a compressed air storage tank; 13a, a storage tank air inlet; 14. and a rail driving device. 15. A pouring cup; 16. a sprue; 17a, front cross gate; 17b, a rear runner; 17c, a filtering tank; 17d, slag collecting riser; 18. casting cavity; 18a, upper thick large part; 18b, a middle thin wall part; 18c, a lower thick large part; 19. riser; 20. riser insulating cotton; 21. thermal insulation cotton at the thin wall part; 22. a chill shell; 22a, high-temperature paraffin wax. 23. A circular platform; 23a, a platform central shaft; 23b, positioning holes of the platform; 23c, a platform positioning pin; 24. a vertical plate; 25. a lead screw nut; 26. a horizontal screw rod; 26a, screw pin holes; 26b, a lead screw gasket; 26c, a screw wrench; 27. a clamping plate; 27a, a clamping plate counter bore; 28. a platform bearing; 29. a support plate; 29a, supporting plate positioning holes; 29b, supporting frames; 30. a rack; 31a, a box top plate; 31b, a box wallboard; 31c, a bottom plate of the box body; 32. a rack guide rail; 33. a gear; 34. a gear shaft; 35. a gear shaft bearing; 36. a gear shaft rotating arm; 37. a gear shaft handle; 38. a pawl; 39. a detent shaft; 40. a pawl shaft handle; 41. a positioning plate; 41a, positioning blocks; 42. and positioning the backer.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the composite casting apparatus of the heavy castings of the present invention comprises a horizontal and closed pressure tank 1, the bottom of the pressure tank 1 is supported on a pressure tank support 7, and the bottom of the pressure tank support 7 is fixed on the ground. The front end face of the pressure tank 1 is a plane and is provided with a tank body door hole 1a, the tank body door hole 1a is covered with a pressure tank sealing door 2 which can be opened and closed, the front side of the pressure tank 1 is provided with a movable guide rail 3 which can translate along the axis of the pressure tank, the bottom of the movable guide rail 3 is supported on a movable guide rail support 6, and the lower end of the movable guide rail support 6 is fixed on the ground. A guide groove can be arranged at the top of the movable guide rail support 6 to guide the movable guide rail 3; the rollers with edges can be arranged, so that the guide can be realized, and the moving resistance can be reduced. The movable guide rail 3 is provided with a flat trolley 4 which can slide along the movable guide rail 3, the flat trolley 4 is provided with a casting sand box 5, and the rear part of the guide rail bottom plate is provided with a fixed guide rail 1b which can be butted with the movable guide rail 3 and has the same shape and size.
The tank body of the pressure tank 1 is provided with a tank body compressed air inlet 1c, and the tank body compressed air inlet 1c can be positioned at the center of the rear seal head of the pressure tank 1. The tank compressed air inlet 1c is connected with the compressed air control valve 11 through a short pipe, the inlet of the compressed air control valve 11 is connected with the compressed air pipe 12, the inlet of the compressed air pipe 12 is connected with the outlet of the compressed air storage tank 13, and the circumference of the compressed air storage tank 13 is connected with the storage tank air inlet 13a. The compressed air tank 13 is pressurized to a desired pressure in advance through the tank intake port 13a, ensuring that the pressure tank 1 can be quickly pressurized to a set pressure.
The tank body of the pressure tank 1 is provided with a pressure gauge 8, a safety valve 9 and a pressure sensor 10, and the opening and closing of the compressed air control valve 11 is controlled by the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor 10 so as to realize the automatic control of the pressure tank.
The hinged end of the pressure tank sealing door 2 is hinged to the inner wall of the front end face of the pressure tank, the area of the pressure tank sealing door 2 is larger than that of the tank body door hole 1a, and the inner wall of the front end face of the pressure tank is embedded with a sealing ring 2a coiled around the tank body door hole 1a. The pressure tank sealing door 2 adopts interior opening type, and after the pressure tank sealing door 2 was closed, the pressure in the jar made the pressure tank sealing door 2 compress tightly more on sealing washer 2a for it is more reliable to seal, can not outwards open fast moreover, and the security is better.
The inner wall of the pressure tank sealing door 2 is hinged with a telescopic driving rod 2b capable of driving the pressure tank sealing door 2 to open and close, and the fixed end of the telescopic driving rod 2b is hinged with the inner wall of the pressure tank 1. The pressure tank sealing door 2 is closed when the telescopic driving rod 2b extends, and the pressure tank sealing door 2 is opened when the telescopic driving rod 2b retracts.
As shown in fig. 4, the initial pressure tank sealing door 2 is in an opened state, the rear end of the movable guide rail 3 slides into the inner cavity of the pressure tank 1 and is butted with the front end of the fixed guide rail 1b, the flat plate trolley 4 is arranged on the movable guide rail 3 and is positioned outside the pressure tank 1, the casting sand box 5 is arranged on the flat plate trolley 4, and casting of the casting mold is completed outside the tank body in a gravity mode. Then, as shown in fig. 5, the pallet truck 4 slides back onto the fixed rail 1b with the casting flask 5; next, as shown in fig. 6, the rail driving device 14 drives the moving rail 3 to move forward to the outside of the pressure tank 1; then as shown in fig. 7, the sealing door 2 of the pressure tank is closed, the compressed air control valve 11 is opened, the pressure tank 1 is pressurized to a set value for maintaining pressure, and the magnesium alloy liquid is solidified and formed under pressure; then, as shown in fig. 8, the pressure tank 1 is depressurized, and the pressure tank sealing door 2 is opened again; next, as shown in fig. 9, the movable guide rail 3 slides back into the inner cavity of the pressure tank 1 again and the rear end is butted with the front end of the fixed guide rail 1 b; and then returning to the state of fig. 4, the trolley 4 slides to the front end of the movable guide rail 3 to wait for the next pouring. Thus, the magnesium alloy casting is formed under pressure, and the product quality is ensured; the safety problem of low-pressure casting is avoided, and accidents are effectively avoided; meanwhile, the protection of argon or sulfur hexafluoride gas with higher cost is avoided, and the method is economical and environment-friendly.
As shown in fig. 10 to 13, a thick and large casting pouring system is arranged in a pouring flask 5, the thick and large casting pouring system comprises a pouring cup 15, a straight pouring gate 16, a cross pouring gate and a casting cavity 18, the casting cavity 18 comprises an upper thick large part 18a, a middle thin part 18b and a lower thick large part 18c which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, the bottom of the pouring cup 15 is connected with the straight pouring gate 16 which vertically and downwards extends, the bottom of the straight pouring gate 16 is communicated with the joint part of a front cross pouring gate 17a and a rear cross pouring gate 17b, the front cross pouring gate 17a and the rear cross pouring gate 17b are in axisymmetric distribution, the front cross pouring gate 17a extends forwards and rightwards and is connected with the front side of the lower thick large part 18c, the rear cross pouring gate 17b extends backwards and rightwards and is connected with the rear side of the lower thick large part 18c, the top of the upper thick large part 18a is connected with a riser 19, and the periphery of the riser 19 is wrapped with riser insulation cotton 20; the periphery of the middle thin wall part 18b is provided with thin wall part heat preservation cotton 21, the outer side and the bottom of the lower thick large part 18c are provided with a chiller shell 22, and the inner cavity of the chiller shell 22 is provided with high-temperature paraffin 22a.
Molten metal enters from the pouring cup 15, flows down to the runner along the sprue 16, flows along the front runner 17a and the rear runner 17b to the front and rear sides of the lower portion of the casting cavity 18, fills the lower thick large portion 18c, the middle thin portion 18b and the upper thick large portion 18a in sequence, and finally emerges from the riser 19, and the top of the riser 19 is level with the top of the pouring cup 15. The riser 19 is arranged above the upper thick large part 18a, and the riser insulation cotton 20 is wrapped on the periphery of the riser 19, so that the cooling time of the riser 19 can be effectively prolonged, the feeding capacity of the riser 19 is increased, the use of a riser with a larger size is avoided, and the waste of molten metal is reduced; secondly, the lower thick large part 18c is far away from the riser 19, and the thin-wall part heat preservation cotton 21 is arranged at the part with the thinner middle part to slow down the cooling of the part, so that the feeding of the lower thick large part 18c is realized; in addition, the outer side and the bottom of the lower thick large part 18c are provided with the chill shell 22, and the chill shell 22 is usually aluminum, so that the heat conduction performance is good, and the cooling of the lower thick large part 18c can be quickened; the high-temperature paraffin 22a in the chiller shell 22 is heated and melted to absorb a large amount of heat, so that the chilling effect of the chiller can be further enhanced. The pouring system adopts different feeding structures for different thick and large parts, is convenient to use and low in cost, and can improve the qualification rate of castings.
The bottom of the junction of the front runner 17a and the rear runner 17b is provided with a downward concave filtering tank 17c. The filter screen in the filter tank 17c can intercept scum in molten metal, and prevent the scum from entering the die cavity so as to improve the quality of castings; the bottom of the filtering tank 17c is recessed downwards to buffer the descending molten metal.
Blind ends at right ends of the front runner 17a and the rear runner 17b are respectively provided with an upwardly extending slag collecting riser 17d. The filtered molten metal sometimes still has a small amount of scum, and when the scum flows to the right blind ends of the front transverse pouring gate 17a and the rear transverse pouring gate 17b, the scum upwards enters the slag collecting riser 17d for storage, and the scum is prevented from entering the die cavity, so that the quality of castings is improved.
The casting method of the thick and large casting comprises the following steps in sequence: the technical scheme is that the sealing door 2 of a pressure tank is in an open state, the rear end of a movable guide rail 3 slides into an inner cavity of the pressure tank 1, the rear end of the movable guide rail is in butt joint with the front end of a fixed guide rail 1b, a flat trolley 4 is arranged on the movable guide rail 3 and is positioned outside the pressure tank 1, and a pouring sand box 5 is arranged on the flat trolley 4; secondly, casting molten metal of a thick and large casting pouring system is finished outside the tank body; the flat trolley 4 slides backwards to the fixed guide rail 1b with the pouring sand box 5; moving the guide rail 3 forwards to the outside of the pressure tank 1; fifthly, closing the pressure tank sealing door 2, opening the compressed air control valve 11, pressurizing the pressure tank 1 to a set value, and maintaining the pressure to solidify and mold the alloy liquid under pressure; the pressure tank 1 is relieved, and a sealing door 2 of the pressure tank is opened again; the movable guide rail 3 slides back into the inner cavity of the pressure tank 1 again and the rear end is butted with the front end of the fixed guide rail 1 b; the flat plate trolley 4 slides to the front end of the movable guide rail 3, the pouring sand box 5 is taken down, and a thick and large casting is cut; and polishing the cut thick and large castings on a polishing tool.
As shown in fig. 14 to 18, the casting polishing tool comprises a circular platform 23, two upright plates 24 which are erected upwards are fixedly connected to the top surface of the circular platform 23, the two upright plates 24 are parallel to each other and are symmetrically positioned at two ends of the same diameter of the circular platform 23, screw nuts 25 are respectively welded at the middle parts of the top surfaces of the two upright plates 24, horizontal screw rods 26 are respectively screwed in the two screw nuts 25, the two horizontal screw rods 26 extend out in opposite directions and are coaxial, clamping plates 27 are respectively fixedly connected to the opposite inner ends of the two horizontal screw rods 26, and the two clamping plates 27 are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal screw rods 26; the center of the bottom of the circular platform 23 is connected with a platform center shaft 23a extending downwards, the lower end of the platform center shaft 23a is inserted into a platform bearing 28, the platform bearing 28 is arranged at the center of a supporting plate 29, at least one supporting plate positioning hole 29a is arranged on the circumference of the supporting plate 29, a plurality of platform positioning holes 23b are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the circular platform 23, and a platform positioning pin 23c extends downwards into the supporting plate positioning hole 29a from a certain platform positioning hole 23b.
The distance between the two clamping plates 27 can be adjusted by rotating the two horizontal screw rods 26, the clamping plates 27 are clamped from two sides, and a casting does not need to be held by hands during polishing; the circular platform 23 is rotated so that the part to be polished is directed to the operator, and then the platform positioning pin 23c is downwardly inserted into the support plate positioning hole 29a from a certain platform positioning hole 23b, thereby locking the circular platform 23 to the support plate 29. The platform locating pin 23c is pulled off and the circular platform 23 can continue to be rotated to polish other surfaces of the casting. The tool can rotate the casting at will, does not need an operator to turn the casting continuously, can fix the casting, greatly facilitates operation and improves labor productivity. The invention does not need electricity or gas, and is convenient to operate, safe and practical.
The bottom of backup pad 29 is connected with support frame 29b, and support frame 29 b's lower extreme fixed connection is in rack 30's upper end, and rack 30 extends along vertical and can follow rack guide rail 32 and slide from top to bottom, and rack guide rail 32's upper end is fixed in the base box. Under the drive of the driving mechanism, the rack 30 slides up and down along the rack guide rail 32, so that the height of the circular platform 23 can be increased or reduced, an operator can sit on the stool for operation and stand up for operation, the labor intensity is greatly reduced, and the physical and mental health of the worker is facilitated.
The base box comprises a box bottom plate 31c, a box top plate 31a and a box wall plate 31b, a gear 33 is meshed with the front side of the rack 30, the gear 33 is fixed on a gear shaft 34, two ends of the gear shaft 34 are supported on the box wall plate 31b through gear shaft bearings 35, one end of the gear shaft 34 extends out of the box wall plate 31b and is provided with a gear shaft rotating arm 36, and the free end of the gear shaft rotating arm 36 is provided with a gear shaft handle 37. The gear shaft handle 37 is rocked, the gear shaft rotating arm 36 drives the gear shaft 34 to rotate, the gear 33 is fixed on the gear shaft 34 through a key, and the gear 33 synchronously rotates along with the gear shaft 34, so that the rack 30 ascends or descends to adjust the heights of the circular platform 23 and the castings.
The upper end of the rack guide 32 is fixedly connected with the case top plate 31a, and the lower end of the rack guide 32 is fixedly connected with the case bottom plate 31c.
The front side of the rack 30 is also provided with a pawl 38 which can be inserted into and prevent the rack 30 from sliding downwards, the pawl 38 is fixed on a pawl shaft 39, two ends of the pawl shaft 39 are supported on the box wall plate 31b, and one end of the pawl shaft 39 extends out of the box wall plate 31b and is provided with a pawl shaft handle 40. By rotating the pawl shaft 39 in the forward direction by the pawl shaft handle 40, the pawl 38 can be inserted into the rack 30, and the pawl 38 is automatically locked by the gravity above the rack 30 so that the rack 30 cannot slide down. When the height of the casting needs to be adjusted, the pawl shaft handle 40 reversely rotates the pawl shaft 39 to enable the pawl 38 to leave the rack 30, the gear 33 can be rotated through the gear shaft handle 37 at the moment, the height of the rack 30 can be adjusted again, and after the height is adjusted in place, the pawl 38 is embedded again to be locked.
A positioning plate 41 is fixedly arranged on the detent shaft 39, the positioning plate 41 is abutted against the outer wall of the box wallboard 31b, and a positioning block 41a extending outwards in the radial direction is arranged on the positioning plate 41; the positioning block 41a rests on the positioning boss 42 when the pawl 38 is idle, and the positioning boss 42 is fixed to the outer wall of the case wall plate 31b. When the pawl 38 is in the inactive state, the pawl shaft 39 can be rotated in the reverse direction to enable the positioning block 41a to lean against the positioning backup 42, so that only about 90 ° of forward rotation of the pawl shaft handle is required when the pawl 38 is required to be embedded in the rack 30.
The center of two splint 27 is equipped with splint step hole respectively, splint step hole includes splint centre bore and the splint counter bore 27a of major diameter of minor diameter, the inner end in opposite directions of two horizontal lead screw 26 is equipped with the reducing section with splint centre bore looks adaptation respectively, the reducing section is pegged graft in corresponding splint centre bore, and the free end of reducing section extends to in the corresponding splint counter bore 27a, the outer step of reducing section is pressed at the outer wall of corresponding splint 27, the free end cover of reducing section is equipped with lead screw gasket 26b, lead screw gasket 26b is fixed on splint counter bore 27 a's diapire by the cotter, the cotter is pegged graft in the lead screw pinhole 26a of reducing section free end. The inner end of the horizontal screw rod 26 is positioned in the clamping plate counter bore 27a, so that the clamping plate 27 is not affected to clamp the casting; the clamping plate 27 is fixed on the horizontal screw rod 26 through the screw rod gasket 26b and the cotter pin, and when the horizontal screw rod 26 is rotated to adjust the spacing between the clamping plates 27, the clamping plates 27 can not rotate along with the horizontal screw rod 26, so that castings can be clamped more conveniently and reliably, and the spacing between the clamping plates 27 can be adjusted conveniently.
The outer ends of the two horizontal screw rods 26 are respectively provided with a screw rod spanner hole which is perpendicular to the axis of the screw rods and is communicated with the screw rod spanner hole, and screw rod spanner 26c is inserted into the screw rod spanner holes. The screw wrench 26c is inserted into the screw wrench hole, and the horizontal screw 26 can be easily rotated to adjust the pitch of the clamping plates 27.
Claims (7)
1. A casting method of thick and large castings adopts composite casting equipment, and is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence: the method comprises the steps that a sealing door of a pressure tank is in an open state, the rear end of a movable guide rail slides into an inner cavity of the pressure tank, the rear end of the movable guide rail is in butt joint with the front end of a fixed guide rail, a flat trolley is arranged on the movable guide rail and is positioned outside the pressure tank, and a casting sand box is arranged on the flat trolley; secondly, casting molten metal of a thick and large casting pouring system is finished outside the tank body; the flat trolley slides backwards on the fixed guide rail along with the pouring sand box; moving the guide rail forwards to the outside of the pressure tank; fifthly, closing a sealing door of the pressure tank, opening a compressed air control valve, pressurizing the pressure tank to a set value, and maintaining the pressure to solidify and mold the alloy liquid under pressure; releasing pressure of the pressure tank, and opening a sealing door of the pressure tank again; the movable guide rail slides back into the inner cavity of the pressure tank again, and the rear end of the movable guide rail is butted with the front end of the fixed guide rail; the flat plate trolley slides to the front end of the movable guide rail, the casting sand box is taken down, and a thick and large casting is cut; polishing the cut thick and large castings on a polishing tool; the polishing tool comprises a circular platform, wherein two upright plates which are erected upwards are fixedly connected to the top surface of the circular platform, the two upright plates are parallel to each other and are symmetrically positioned at two ends of the same diameter of the circular platform, screw nuts are welded at the middle parts of the top surfaces of the two upright plates respectively, horizontal screw rods are screwed in the two screw nuts respectively, the two horizontal screw rods extend out in opposite directions and are coaxial, clamping plates are fixedly connected to the inner ends of the two horizontal screw rods in opposite directions respectively, and the two clamping plates are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal screw rods; the center of the bottom of the circular platform is connected with a platform center shaft which extends downwards, the lower end of the platform center shaft is inserted into a platform bearing, the platform bearing is arranged at the center of a supporting plate, at least one supporting plate positioning hole is formed in the circumference of the supporting plate, a plurality of platform positioning holes are uniformly distributed in the circumference of the circular platform, and platform positioning pins downwards extend into the supporting plate positioning holes from a certain platform positioning hole; the bottom of the supporting plate is connected with a supporting frame, the lower end of the supporting frame is fixedly connected with the upper end of a rack, the rack extends vertically and can slide up and down along a rack guide rail, and the upper end of the rack guide rail is fixed in a base box body;
the compound casting equipment comprises a horizontal and closed pressure tank, wherein the front end face of the pressure tank is a plane and is provided with a tank door hole, a pressure tank sealing door capable of being opened and closed is covered at the tank door hole, a movable guide rail capable of translating along the axis of the pressure tank is arranged at the front side of the pressure tank, a flat trolley capable of sliding along the movable guide rail is carried on the movable guide rail, a casting sand box is carried on the flat trolley, and a thick and large casting system is arranged in the casting sand box; the rear part of the inner cavity of the pressure tank is provided with a fixed guide rail which can be butted with the movable guide rail and has the same shape and size; the tank body of the pressure tank is provided with a tank body compressed air inlet which is connected with a compressed air control valve through a short pipe, the inlet of the compressed air control valve is connected with a compressed air pipe, and the tank body of the pressure tank is provided with a pressure gauge and a safety valve;
the thick and large casting pouring system comprises a pouring cup and a casting cavity, wherein the casting cavity comprises an upper thick large part, a middle thin part and a lower thick large part which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, the bottom of the pouring cup is connected with a vertical downward extending sprue, the bottom of the sprue is communicated with the joint part of a front sprue and a rear sprue, the front sprue and the rear sprue are in axisymmetric distribution, the front sprue extends forwards and rightwards and is connected with the front side of the lower thick large part, the rear sprue extends backwards and rightwards and is connected with the rear side of the lower thick large part, and the blind ends at the right ends of the front sprue and the rear sprue are respectively provided with an upward extending slag collecting riser; the top of the upper thick large part is connected with a riser, and the periphery of the riser is wrapped with riser insulation cotton; the periphery of the middle thin-wall part is provided with thin-wall part heat preservation cotton, the outer side and the bottom of the lower thick part are both provided with cold iron shells, and the inner cavity of the cold iron shells is provided with high-temperature paraffin.
2. The method of casting a thick large casting of claim 1, characterized in that: the hinged end of the pressure tank sealing door is hinged to the inner wall of the front end face of the pressure tank, the area of the pressure tank sealing door is larger than that of the tank door hole, and the inner wall of the front end face of the pressure tank is embedded with a sealing ring coiled around the tank door hole.
3. The method of casting a thick large casting of claim 2, characterized in that: the inner wall of the pressure tank sealing door is hinged with a telescopic driving rod capable of driving the pressure tank sealing door to open and close, and the fixed end of the telescopic driving rod is hinged with the inner wall of the pressure tank.
4. The method of casting a thick large casting of claim 1, characterized in that: the compressed air inlet of the tank body is positioned at the center of the rear sealing head of the pressure tank, the inlet of the compressed air pipe is connected with the outlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the circumference of the compressed air storage tank is connected with a storage tank air inlet.
5. The method of casting a thick large casting of claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the movable guide rail is supported on a movable guide rail support, and the lower end of the movable guide rail support is fixed on the ground; the bottom of the pressure tank is supported on a pressure tank support, and the bottom of the pressure tank support is fixed on the ground.
6. The method of casting a thick large casting of claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure tank is characterized in that a pressure sensor is arranged on the tank body of the pressure tank, and the opening and closing of the compressed air control valve is controlled by a pressure value measured by the pressure sensor.
7. The casting method of the thick and large casting according to claim 1, wherein the base box comprises a box bottom plate, a box top plate and a box wall plate, a gear is meshed with the front side of the rack, the gear is fixed on a gear shaft, two ends of the gear shaft are supported on the box wall plate through gear shaft bearings, one end of the gear shaft extends out of the box wall plate and is provided with a gear shaft rotating arm, and the free end of the gear shaft rotating arm is provided with a gear shaft handle; the front side of the rack is also provided with a pawl which can be inserted into and prevent the rack from sliding downwards, the pawl is fixed on a pawl shaft, two ends of the pawl shaft are supported on the box wallboard, and one end of the pawl shaft extends out of the box wallboard and is provided with a pawl shaft handle.
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| EP0131723A1 (en) * | 1983-06-18 | 1985-01-23 | BMD Badische Maschinenfabrik Durlach GmbH | Device for compacting foundry mould material by means of pressurized gas |
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| KR20130095104A (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-27 | 김관재 | Door open and shut structure of vacuum or pressure tank |
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Denomination of invention: Composite casting equipment and casting methods for thick and large castings Effective date of registration: 20231124 Granted publication date: 20230922 Pledgee: Postal Savings Bank of China Co.,Ltd. Yangzhou Branch Pledgor: YANGZHOU FENGMING PHOTOELECTRIC NEW MATERIAL Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2023980067174 |
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