CN109845609B - Household balcony cymbidium culture method - Google Patents
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- 241000732800 Cymbidium Species 0.000 title claims description 19
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000173289 Cymbidium goeringii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000017141 Cymbidium goeringii Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000003608 Feces Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000195974 Selaginella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000317854 Uncinata Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000010204 pine bark Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L Potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000010408 potassium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000737 potassium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000002538 fungal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M Monopotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000593 degrading Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000249 desinfective Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 240000000218 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
A family balcony cymbidium goeringii culture method relates to the field of flower culture and cultivation, and takes acidic pine bark, compound wormcast sheep manure, orchid root fungal soil, polyacrylamide, potassium alginate and polyaspartic acid as substrates; when the cymbidium goeringii is potted, firstly, placing the acidic pine bark at the bottom of the pot, placing the acidic pine bark in the seedling of the cymbidium goeringii, placing the mixture of the composite wormcast sheep manure, the mycorrhizal fungi soil, the polyacrylamide, the potassium alginate and the polyaspartic acid in the pot, and then planting the uncinata spikemoss herb at the edge of the pot. Under the substrate and the environmental conditions, most of various nutrient elements necessary for the growth of the cymbidium goeringii plants can be fully satisfied, and people can easily cultivate the cymbidium goeringii on household balconies and places such as south-facing places, ventilation places and the like only by selecting the earthen pot or the purple sand pot as a flowerpot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of flower cultivation, in particular to a cymbidium goeringii cultivation technology.
Background
Orchid has simple and elegant quality, accords with the aesthetic standard of oriental people, is parallel to plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum, and is called as 'four monarch drugs'.
Orchid cultivation has a long history in China. Orchid cultivation is difficult and simple, and the key is to master the growth habit of orchid.
The original environment of orchid is greatly different from the special conditions of balconies, and many people want to cultivate the cymbidium at home, and because the cultivation such as watering, fertilizing, cooling and cold-proof can not be accurately performed in time, the death and growth and development of the cymbidium are extremely easy to cause, the flowering is reduced or even not blossomed, and the expression of rare flowers is unsatisfactory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a family balcony cymbidium culture method which is simple to operate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: taking acidic pine bark, composite wormcast sheep manure, orchid root fungal soil, polyacrylamide, potassium alginate and polyaspartic acid as substrates; when the cymbidium goeringii is potted, firstly, placing the acidic pine bark at the bottom of the pot, placing the acidic pine bark in the seedling of the cymbidium goeringii, placing the mixture of the composite wormcast sheep manure, the mycorrhizal fungi soil, the polyacrylamide, the potassium alginate and the polyaspartic acid in the pot, and then planting the uncinata spikemoss herb at the edge of the pot.
The preparation method of the acidic pine bark comprises the following steps: washing small pieces of pine bark thoroughly with rice washing water, fermenting in a closed environment, degreasing and degrading moderately, drying in the sun, then immersing in a citric acid aqueous solution with the pH value of 3-4 for 2-5 days, and taking out.
The preparation method of the composite wormcast sheep manure comprises the following steps: mixing wormcast and fermented sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 5: 1-2, drying in the sun, then filling into a woven bag, and irradiating 4-6 kGy with a cobalt source for disinfection.
The preparation method of the orchid root fungal soil comprises the following steps: selecting 5 pots of cymbidium goeringii with pot culture time of more than 2 years and good growth of different varieties, respectively taking 60-100 g of pot soil of orchid root systems with the surface layer of each pot being less than 4cm, and uniformly mixing in a cool environment to obtain the mycorrhizal fungi soil.
The key point of cultivating the cymbidium at the balcony of the family is environmental control, the environment plays a decisive role in the growth of the cymbidium, the cymbidium is a plant which is special in nature, originally grows in the deep mountains and in the valley, the soil of the cymbidium is slightly acidic, has multiple fallen leaves, is rich in organic matters, comprehensive in nutrition and good in physical performance, and is loose, breathable and capable of filtering water. Under the substrate and the environmental conditions, most of various nutrient elements necessary for the growth of the cymbidium goeringii plants can be fully satisfied, and people can easily cultivate the cymbidium goeringii on household balconies and places such as south-facing places, ventilation places and the like only by selecting the earthen pot or the purple sand pot as a flowerpot.
The bark is a golden bell jar for protecting trees from being invaded by plant diseases and insect pests, so the bark of general trees is harder, the matrix is pine bark, the promotion effect of the bark on the rooting of the orchid is great, and in addition, rice washing water fermentation is carried out, the nutrient elements are more comprehensive, and the water absorption is also particularly good; after being dried in the sun and treated by citric acid aqueous solution, the pine bark can improve the acidity, meet the characteristic that orchid likes moist and slightly acidic soil environment, and is not easy to cause waterlogging.
The fermented sheep manure in the granular state is selected, so that the ventilation and water permeation of the matrix are facilitated, and meanwhile, nitrogen in the sheep manure can promote stem and leaf growth to be flourishing. Phosphorus can promote the development of orchid roots, promote the development of reproductive organs to be robust and promote the extension of stems and leaves. Magnesium, sulfur, iron and other trace elements can make the leaves green and the flowers strong.
The earthworm excrement is non-toxic, odorless, clean and sanitary, is rich in various elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and has the characteristic of no burning root, so that the earthworm excrement is very suitable for cultivating orchids.
And irradiating the wormcast and the fermented sheep manure by using a cobalt source for 4-6 kGy sterilization, so that germs and worm eggs can be killed simply, conveniently and thoroughly.
The polyacrylamide effectively improves the soil structure, increases the number of large aggregates, reduces the volume weight of the soil, improves the permeability, increases the water content of the soil, and improves the corrosion resistance of the soil, and meanwhile, the acrylamide is anionic polyacrylamide, and the ionization degree of the acrylamide is 20-30%. The anionic polyacrylamide is combined with metal cations in soil, and the metal cations can be combined with soil matrix particles, so that a cation bridge, namely a polyacrylamide-cation-soil particle structure is formed, on one hand, a granular structure is formed to resist hardening, and on the other hand, the harm of heavy metal ions to cymbidium is resisted.
The potassium alginate can effectively increase the water retention of the matrix, and balance is found in the adjustment of air permeability, hydrophobicity, draining and water retention.
The polyaspartic acid is a fertilizer synergist and has a chelating effect on metal ions, and the polyaspartic acid with a certain molecular weight can enrich nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements for supplying to cymbidium goeringii, so that the fertilizer is more effectively utilized, and the quality of a matrix can be improved.
Orchid is mycorrhizal plant, orchid root fungus can decompose complex carbohydrate in soil into simple small molecular carbohydrate for the orchid root system to absorb, so that some growth defects and deficiencies in orchid plant can be improved, a series of metabolic processes are stimulated, and migration of nutrient substances is guided. Certain orchid root fungi are added into the new potted medium, so that the fast attachment of the root fungi is facilitated, and the growth of the cymbidium goeringii is promoted.
Selaginella uncinata is an perennial evergreen herb, has rice-shaped leaves, grows densely on slender stolons like scales, spreads branches, and roots everywhere, has tender and white roots which are thinner than hairs, deeply penetrates into soil and is sensitive to soil moisture. If the moisture in the soil and the humidity of the surrounding air are not low, the orchid can be vigorous even if the plants on the surface of the orchid pot appear dry. The life habit of the fertilizer is similar to that of orchid, and the fertilizer is more sensitive than that of cymbidium, and the fertilizer and water management of cymbidium can be guided by the growth vigor and growth phase of uncinata spikemoss herb.
Furthermore, in the substrate, the mass ratio of each feeding material of the acidic pine bark, the composite wormcast sheep manure, the mycorrhizal fungi soil, the polyacrylamide, the potassium alginate and the polyaspartic acid is respectively 30-40%, 50-60%, 5-8%, 2-3%, 2-4% and 1-2%.
The method fully considers the growth characteristics of the cymbidium goeringii and the requirements on water and fertilizer, and comprehensively considers the characteristics of culturing the cymbidium goeringii on the balcony on the basis of the test to determine the optimal scheme.
In addition, according to the daily cultivation of the cymbidium sinense, corresponding water and fertilizer management is carried out according to the growth vigor and growth phase of the uncinata spikemoss herb, and the uncinata spikemoss herb planted beside a pot is 2-3 seedlings. The invention makes full use of the fact that the uncinata spikemoss herb is more sensitive to water and fertilizer than the cymbidium goeringii, guides the water and fertilizer management of the cymbidium goeringii by the growth vigor and growth phase of the uncinata spikemoss herb, and simultaneously prevents the uncinata spikemoss herb and the cymbidium goeringii from fighting for nutrients.
In order to facilitate ventilation, water and fertilizer management is carried out after the cymbidium goeringii is potted, and withered and yellow broken leaves and diseased leaves are cut off immediately.
In the water and fertilizer management, overnight rice washing water is adopted, and the leaf surfaces and the matrix of the cymbidium goeringii are sprayed in the evening. When the cymbidium is originally grown in an air-wet environment and the temperature is high and water is easy to lose, besides shading, spraying is needed in the evening to increase the air humidity and reduce the temperature, and the cymbidium can be stimulated to grow by 'cooling and heating'.
In the water and fertilizer management, more fertilizer is applied in the growth vigorous growth period of cymbidium goeringii, and no fertilizer is applied in the dormant period or the weak growth period. The cymbidium likes light, the fertilizer is applied to be light and not thick, the fertilizer is required in the growth vigorous stage, and if the fertilizer is excessively applied, roots and leaves are burnt, so that irreparable loss is caused.
In the water and fertilizer management, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied in a matched manner at the bud stage of the cymbidium goeringii, and the concentration is 10 mg/L-40 mg/L. Can meet the requirement of the spring orchid on obviously increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the bud period and reduce the falling of buds.
Detailed Description
First, embodiment 1:
1. preparing a matrix:
the preparation method of the acidic pine bark comprises the following steps: collecting small pieces of cortex Pini, washing with rice water, fermenting under sealed condition, defatting, degrading, sun drying, soaking in citric acid water solution with pH of 3 for 4 days, and taking out.
The preparation method of the composite wormcast sheep manure comprises the following steps: mixing commercially available wormcast and fermented sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 5: 1.2, drying in the sun, filling into a woven bag, and irradiating by using a cobalt source for 4kGy sterilization.
The preparation method of the orchid root fungal soil comprises the following steps: selecting 5 pots of good-growing orchids of different varieties with pot culture time of more than 2 years, placing 90g of pot soil of orchid root systems with the surface layer of less than 4cm of each pot in a cool environment, and fully and uniformly mixing the 5 parts of pot soil to obtain the orchid pot.
Respectively weighing 465g of acidic pine bark, 840g of composite wormcast sheep manure, 90g of mycorrhizal fungi soil, 30g of polyacrylamide, 52.5g of potassium alginate and 22.5g of polyaspartic acid, and mixing the composite wormcast sheep manure, the mycorrhizal fungi soil, the polyacrylamide, the potassium alginate and the polyaspartic acid for later use.
2. Potting:
firstly, placing the acid pine bark at the bottom of a pot, placing the spring orchid seedling, placing the mixture of the composite wormcast sheep manure, the orchid root fungal soil, the polyacrylamide, the potassium alginate and the polyaspartic acid into the pot, then picking up the uncinata spikemoss seedlings by using bamboo sticks at the edge of the pot and spreading the uncinata spikemoss seedlings, and planting 3 uncinata spikemoss seedlings in each pot.
3. After the plants are potted, performing water and fertilizer management according to the growth vigor and growth phase of the uncinata spikemoss herb:
| growth vigor and growth phase of uncinata spikemoss herb | Taking water and fertilizer management measures |
| Dry and yellow leaves | High temperature and strong light burning sun shading |
| The uncinata spikemoss herb is lying in the basin | The water in the basin is insufficient or no water needs to be supplemented |
| Grow very thin | Fertilizer application is required for insufficient fertilizer |
| Redness of the stem | Applying less potash fertilizer when too much potassium is needed |
| The grass is very long | Too much nitrogen fertilizer |
| Death after fertilization | Fertilizer damage and fertilizer washing for preventing death of orchid plants |
| Exuberant and dense | Normal growth without fertilizer shortage |
| Grass on the surface of the basin | Part of herba Pteridis Ensiformis to be removed for fighting for nutrients |
In the management of water and fertilizer, rice washing water is used for supplementing water at night, and spraying is carried out in the evening.
More fertilizer can be applied to orchid in the vigorous growth period, and no fertilizer can be applied in the dormant period or the weak growth period. In the bud stage, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied in a matching way, and the concentration is 35 mg/L.
In the management, withered and yellow leaves and diseased leaves are cut off to facilitate ventilation.
Second, example 2:
1. preparing a matrix:
the preparation method of the acidic pine bark comprises the following steps: collecting small pieces of cortex Pini, washing with rice water, fermenting under sealed condition, defatting, degrading, sun drying, soaking in citric acid aqueous solution with pH of 4 for 3.5 days, and taking out.
The preparation method of the composite wormcast sheep manure comprises the following steps: mixing commercially available wormcast and fermented sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 5: 1.8, drying in the sun, filling into a woven bag, and irradiating by using a cobalt source for 6kGy sterilization.
The preparation method of the orchid root fungal soil comprises the following steps: selecting 5 pots of cymbidium goeringii with pot culture time of more than 2 years and good growth of different varieties, taking 100g of pot soil of orchid root systems with the surface layer of each pot being less than 4cm, placing the pot soil in a cool environment, and fully and uniformly mixing the 5 parts of obtained pot soil.
Respectively weighing 500g of acidic pine bark, 714.3g of composite wormcast sheep manure, 100g of orchid root fungal soil, 42.9g of polyacrylamide, 42.9g of potassium alginate and 28.6g of polyaspartic acid, and mixing the composite wormcast sheep manure, the orchid root fungal soil, the polyacrylamide, the potassium alginate and the polyaspartic acid for later use.
2. Potting:
firstly, placing the acid pine bark at the bottom of a pot, placing the spring orchid seedling, placing the mixture of the composite wormcast sheep manure, the orchid root fungal soil, the polyacrylamide, the potassium alginate and the polyaspartic acid into the pot, then picking up the uncinata spikemoss seedlings by using bamboo sticks at the edge of the pot and spreading the uncinata spikemoss seedlings, and planting 2 uncinata spikemoss seedlings in each pot.
3. After the plants are potted, performing water and fertilizer management according to the growth vigor and growth phase of the uncinata spikemoss herb:
| growth vigor and growth phase of uncinata spikemoss herb | Taking water and fertilizer management measures |
| Dry and yellow leaves | High temperature and strong light burning sun shading |
| The uncinata spikemoss herb is lying in the basin | The water in the basin is insufficient or no water needs to be supplemented |
| Grow very thin | Fertilizer application is required for insufficient fertilizer |
| Redness of the stem | Applying less potash fertilizer when too much potassium is needed |
| The grass is very long | Too much nitrogen fertilizer |
| Death after fertilization | Fertilizer damage and fertilizer washing for preventing death of orchid plants |
| Exuberant and dense | Normal growth without fertilizer shortage |
| Grass on the surface of the basin | Part of herba Pteridis Ensiformis to be removed for fighting for nutrients |
In the management of water and fertilizer, rice washing water is used for supplementing water at night, and spraying is carried out in the evening.
More fertilizer can be applied to orchid in the vigorous growth period, and no fertilizer can be applied in the dormant period or the weak growth period. In the bud stage, a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied in a matching way, and the concentration is 38 mg/L.
In the management, withered and yellow leaves and diseased leaves are cut off to facilitate ventilation.
Claims (3)
1. A household balcony cymbidium culture method is characterized in that: taking acidic pine bark, composite wormcast sheep manure, orchid root fungal soil, polyacrylamide, potassium alginate and polyaspartic acid as substrates; when the cymbidium goeringii is potted, firstly placing acidic pine barks at the bottom of the pot, placing the cymbidium goeringii seedlings, then placing a mixture of compound wormcast sheep manure, orchid root fungal soil, polyacrylamide, potassium alginate and polyaspartic acid into the pot, and then planting 2-3 seedlings of uncinata spikemoss herb at the edge of the pot; performing corresponding water and fertilizer management on the daily cultivation of cymbidium according to the growth vigor and growth phase of the uncinata spikemoss herb, and simultaneously cutting off withered and yellow cut leaves and diseased leaves; in the bud period of the cymbidium goeringii, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is applied in a matching way, and the concentration is 10 mg/L-40 mg/L;
the preparation method of the acidic pine bark comprises the following steps: washing small pine barks thoroughly with rice washing water, fermenting in a closed manner, degreasing and degrading moderately, drying in the sun, then immersing in a citric acid aqueous solution with the pH value of 3-4 for 2-5 days, and taking out;
the preparation method of the composite wormcast sheep manure comprises the following steps: mixing wormcast and fermented sheep manure according to the mass ratio of 5: 1-2, drying in the sun, then filling into a woven bag, and irradiating 4-6 kGy with a cobalt source for disinfection;
the preparation method of the orchid root fungal soil comprises the following steps: selecting 5 cymbidium goeringii pots with pot culture time of more than 2 years and good growth of different varieties, respectively taking 60-100 g of pot soil of orchid root systems with the surface layer of each pot being less than 4cm, and uniformly mixing in a cool environment to obtain mycorrhizal fungi soil;
in the matrix, the mass ratio of each feed of acidic pine bark, composite wormcast sheep manure, orchid root fungal soil, polyacrylamide, potassium alginate and polyaspartic acid is respectively 30-40%, 50-60%, 5-8%, 2-3%, 2-4% and 1-2%.
2. The family balcony cymbidium culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the water and fertilizer management, overnight rice washing water is adopted, and the leaf surfaces and the matrix of the cymbidium goeringii are sprayed in the evening.
3. The family balcony cymbidium culture method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the water and fertilizer management, more fertilizer is applied in the growth vigorous growth period of cymbidium goeringii, and no fertilizer is applied in the dormant period or the weak growth period.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910292498.6A CN109845609B (en) | 2019-04-12 | 2019-04-12 | Household balcony cymbidium culture method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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