CN109827853B - Compression-shear testing machine and quick locking device thereof - Google Patents
Compression-shear testing machine and quick locking device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109827853B CN109827853B CN201910266944.6A CN201910266944A CN109827853B CN 109827853 B CN109827853 B CN 109827853B CN 201910266944 A CN201910266944 A CN 201910266944A CN 109827853 B CN109827853 B CN 109827853B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compression-shear testing machine and a quick locking device thereof, wherein the compression-shear testing machine comprises a vertical loading mechanism with a loading plate, the vertical loading mechanism comprises a vertical loading cylinder connected with the loading plate through a quick locking device, the quick locking device comprises a device seat with an annular structure, the device seat is fixed on the lower plate surface of the loading plate, the device seat comprises an upper box plate, a lower box plate, an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring and the outer ring are fixed between the upper box plate and the lower box plate, at least two guide grooves extending along the radial direction of the inner ring are distributed on the inner ring along the circumferential direction, a locking block is movably assembled in each guide groove in a guiding manner, a locking block locking spring is arranged between the outer ring and the locking block, an unlocking hydraulic cylinder in transmission connection with the locking block is further arranged on the device seat, and a locking turnup edge clamped on. The invention provides a compression-shear testing machine capable of realizing quick separation of a vertical loading cylinder and a loading plate and a quick locking device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a compression-shear testing machine for performing compression-shear test on a rubber support and a quick locking device thereof.
Background
The compression-shear testing machine is mainly used for detecting the axial and radial compression resistance, shear resistance and corner mechanical tests of the rubber support under the composite condition of compression resistance and shear resistance of various bridge plate type and basin type rubber supports. The mechanical property tests of the rubber support such as compression elastic modulus, shear elastic modulus, allowable shear angle, friction coefficient, ultimate compression strength and the like can be carried out.
The existing hydraulic pressure shear testing machine is shown in figure 1, and comprises a vertical loading mechanism and a horizontal loading mechanism, wherein the vertical loading mechanism comprises a vertical loading support, the vertical loading support comprises a base, a stand column 5 and a cross beam 4, a vertical loading cylinder 6 is arranged on the base, the horizontal loading mechanism comprises a guide rail 1 which is arranged along the left and right direction, a loading trolley 2 is assembled on the guide rail in a guiding and moving manner, a horizontal loading cylinder is arranged on the loading trolley 2, and a shear plate 9 is connected onto the horizontal loading cylinder.
When the rubber support is required to be subjected to an anti-shearing force test, two rubber supports 8 are respectively arranged between the upper plate surface and the lower plate surface of the shear plate 9 and the cross beam 4 and the lower pressing plate 7, the vertical loading cylinder applies a vertical loading force to the rubber supports to simulate the bridge weight, the counter-force part 3 of the loading trolley is abutted to the cross beam and takes the cross beam as a counter-force frame, the horizontal loading cylinder applies a pulling force to the shear plate, and the shear plate shears the two rubber supports on the upper side and the lower side so as to simulate the shearing acting force of the bridge borne by the rubber supports in an earthquake environment. So come the anti shear property of test rubber support, the problem that current this kind of hydraulic pressure shear test machine exists lies in: the connecting structure between the vertical loading cylinders and the loading plate is not easy to detach, the use is not very convenient, and when a plurality of vertical loading cylinders are used together, certain loading cylinders are required to be separated from the loading plate, so that the convenience is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compression-shear testing machine capable of realizing quick separation of a vertical loading cylinder and a loading plate; the invention also aims to provide a quick locking device used in the compression-shear testing machine.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the compression-shear testing machine is as follows:
a compression-shear testing machine comprises a vertical loading mechanism with a loading plate, wherein the vertical loading mechanism comprises at least two vertical loading cylinders which are arranged in parallel, piston rods of the vertical loading cylinders are connected with the loading plate through respective corresponding quick locking devices, each quick locking device comprises a device seat with an annular structure, the device seat is fixed on a lower plate surface of the loading plate, the device seat comprises an upper box plate, a lower box plate, an inner ring and an outer ring which are fixed between the upper box plate and the lower box plate, at least two guide grooves which radially extend along the inner ring are distributed on the inner ring along the circumferential direction, a locking block is movably assembled in each guide groove, a locking block locking spring is arranged between the outer ring and the locking block, an unlocking hydraulic cylinder which is in transmission connection with the locking block is further arranged on the device seat, and a locking turning edge which is clamped on the upper side of the locking block is arranged on the piston rod of the.
The upper end of the inner side of the locking block is provided with a locking block chamfer structure.
The width of the guide groove is gradually reduced from outside to inside, and the locking block is of a trapezoidal structure with the width gradually reduced from outside to inside.
The lower side of the locking block is fixed with a transmission pin shaft, the lower box plate is provided with a guide long hole which extends along the outer ring in the radial direction and is used for being matched with the transmission pin shaft in a guide moving mode in the radial direction, the unlocking hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the lower side of the lower box plate, and a piston rod of the unlocking hydraulic cylinder is connected with the transmission pin shaft.
The technical scheme of the quick locking device comprises the following steps:
the quick locking device of the compression shear testing machine comprises a device seat with an annular structure, wherein the device seat is fixed on a lower plate surface of a loading plate, the device seat comprises an upper box plate, a lower box plate, an inner ring and an outer ring, the upper box plate is fixed on the lower box plate, the inner ring and the outer ring are arranged between the lower box plate, at least two guide grooves extending along the radial direction of the inner ring are distributed on the inner ring along the circumferential direction, locking blocks are assembled in each guide groove in a guiding and moving mode, locking block locking springs are arranged between the outer ring and the locking blocks, and an unlocking hydraulic cylinder in transmission connection with the locking blocks is further.
The upper end of the inner side of the locking block is provided with a locking block chamfer structure.
The width of the guide groove is gradually reduced from outside to inside, and the locking block is of a trapezoidal structure with the width gradually reduced from outside to inside.
The lower side of the locking block is fixed with a transmission pin shaft, the lower box plate is provided with a guide long hole which extends along the outer ring in the radial direction and is used for being matched with the transmission pin shaft in a guide moving mode in the radial direction, the unlocking hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the lower side of the lower box plate, and a piston rod of the unlocking hydraulic cylinder is connected with the transmission pin shaft.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the locking device is used normally, the unlocking hydraulic cylinder does not work, the locking block moves towards the inner side and extends to the lower side of the locking turning edge under the action of the locking block locking spring, the connection between a piston rod of the vertical loading cylinder and the loading plate is realized, when the vertical loading cylinder is required to be disconnected with the loading plate, the unlocking hydraulic cylinder acts to drive the locking block to move outwards in the direction of the piston rod away from the vertical loading cylinder, the locking block is moved away from the lower side of the locking turning edge of the vertical loading cylinder, the piston rod of the vertical loading cylinder retracts, the locking block is separated from the loading plate, and through the arrangement of the quick locking device, the vertical loading cylinder is connected with the loading plate and is separated from the loading plate conveniently.
After the non-working vertical loading cylinder is separated from the loading plate, other vertical loading cylinders work again, and the influence of resistance generated by the non-working vertical loading cylinder on the loading precision can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the compression-shear test machine of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross beam and the vertical column of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the shear cylinder of FIG. 1 engaged with a shear box;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the base of FIG. 1 in cooperation with a vertical loading cylinder;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the vertical loading cylinder of FIG. 1 engaged with the quick lock;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the quick clamping assembly of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the compression shear tester of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of example 3 of the compression/shear tester of the present invention.
Detailed Description
An embodiment 1 of a compression shear tester is shown in FIGS. 1 to 6: the mechanism frame comprises a base 25 and four upright posts 9 fixed on the base, wherein the four upright posts are divided into a left pair and a right pair, and each pair of upright posts comprises a front upright post and a rear upright post. The upright post is provided with a cross beam 12, a cross beam height adjusting mechanism for adjusting the height of the cross beam is arranged between the upright post and the cross beam, an upright post perforation vertically penetrating through the cross beam is arranged on the cross beam, and the cross beam is matched with the upright post in a guiding and moving manner along the vertical direction through the upright post perforation.
The compression-shear testing machine further comprises a shear part for applying a horizontal shear force to the corresponding rubber support 10, the shear part in this embodiment is a shear box 11 with a box-type structure and comprises an upper box plate 14 and a lower box plate 19, the vertical loading mechanism comprises four vertical loading cylinders 23 vertically arranged on the base, and a loading plate 27 is arranged at the top of a piston rod of each vertical loading cylinder 23. A counter-force seat through hole 20 is formed in a lower box plate of the shear box, and the first placing space and the second placing space are located on the right side of the counter-force seat through hole. The base is fixed with the reaction seat 24 that the upper end stretches into the shear force incasement portion, and the reaction seat is the cylindricality structure that is located between four vertical loading cylinders in this embodiment. Three shearing hydraulic cylinders 13 which are uniformly arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction are arranged between the reaction seat and the inner wall 15 of the shear box, one end of each shearing hydraulic cylinder 13 is hinged with the reaction seat through a first hinge structure, the other end of each shearing hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the inner wall of the shear box through a second hinge structure, the axes of the first hinge structure and the second hinge structure extend along the vertical direction, each second hinge structure comprises a hinge shaft 16 and a hinge shaft connecting plate 18 which is connected with the hinge shaft through a hinge hole, the inner wall of the shear box is fixedly provided with hinge shaft connecting lug plates 17 which are arranged at intervals up and down, the hinge shaft 16 is fixedly (or rotatably assembled) on the hinge shaft connecting lug plates, the hinge shaft connecting plates 18 are fixed on the piston rods of the shearing hydraulic cylinders 13, the distance between the two hinge shaft connecting lug plates 17 is larger than the thickness of the hinge shaft connecting plates 18, so that the hinge shaft connecting plates can move up and down relative to the hinge shaft, when the vertical loading cylinder is used for vertically loading the rubber support, the vertical force can not be transmitted to the shearing hydraulic cylinder, on one hand, the accuracy of the vertical loading force output to the rubber support is guaranteed, and in addition, the vertical loading force can be prevented from damaging the shearing hydraulic cylinder. The first hinge structure comprises an ear plate fixed on the counter-force seat, a vertical hinge shaft 22 is arranged on the ear plate, and a connecting plate 21 rotationally connected with the vertical hinge shaft is fixed on the cylinder body of the shearing hydraulic cylinder.
In the embodiment, the four vertical loading cylinders 23 are distributed in a rhombic shape, the maximum loading force of the front vertical loading cylinder and the rear vertical loading cylinder is 2000T, the maximum loading force of the left vertical loading cylinder and the right vertical loading cylinder is 1000T, the piston rods of the vertical loading cylinders are connected with the loading plate 27 through the quick locking device 28, the quick locking device can realize quick connection and disconnection of the corresponding piston rods and the loading plate, and when the vertical loading mechanism is required to output 6000T vertical loading force, the four vertical loading cylinders work simultaneously; when the vertical loading mechanism is required to output 2000T vertical loading force, the connection between the front vertical loading cylinder and the rear vertical loading cylinder and the loading plate is disconnected, and only the left vertical loading cylinder and the right vertical loading cylinder are required to work; when the vertical loading mechanism is required to output 4000T vertical loading force, the connection between the left vertical loading cylinder and the right vertical loading cylinder and the loading plate is disconnected, and only the front vertical loading cylinder and the rear vertical loading cylinder are required to work, so that multi-tonnage loading operation can be realized. In other embodiments of the present invention, the piston rods of the vertical loading cylinders may also be fixedly connected to the loading plate, and when the 4000T vertical loading force is required to be output, two 2000T vertical loading forces operate, and the other two 1000T vertical loading forces do not operate.
The quick locking device 28 comprises a device seat of a box-shaped structure with an annular structure, the device seat is fixed on the lower plate surface of the loading plate 27, the device seat comprises an upper box plate 50, a lower box plate 52, an inner ring 40 and an outer ring 39, the inner ring 40 and the outer ring 39 are fixed between the upper box plate 50 and the lower box plate 52, three guide grooves 42 extending along the radial direction of the inner ring are distributed on the inner ring along the circumferential direction, the width of each guide groove 42 is gradually reduced from outside to inside, locking blocks 41 are guided and moved in each guide groove and assembled, each locking block 41 is of a trapezoidal structure, the width of each locking block is gradually changed from outside to inside, and the guide grooves and the locking blocks are matched to limit the maximum moving range of the. A locking block locking spring 43 is arranged between the outer ring and the corresponding locking block, a transmission pin shaft 44 is fixed on the lower side of the locking block 41, a guide long hole 51 which extends along the radial direction of the outer ring and is used for being matched with the transmission pin shaft 44 in a guide and movable manner along the radial direction is formed in the lower box plate 52, an unlocking hydraulic cylinder 53 is arranged on the lower side of the lower box plate, and a piston rod of the unlocking hydraulic cylinder 53 is connected with the transmission pin shaft. When the vertical loading cylinder is normally used, the unlocking hydraulic cylinder discharges force, the locking block 41 moves towards the inner side of the inner ring 40 and extends out of the inner side of the inner ring under the action of the locking block locking spring 43, the upper end of the piston rod of the vertical loading cylinder is provided with a locking turned edge 54, the top of the locking turned edge 54 is used for directly abutting against the loading plate 27, and when the locking block extends out of the inner side of the inner ring, the locking block can be clamped at the lower side of the locking turned edge to realize the connection of the vertical loading cylinder and the loading plate. The upper end of the inner side of the locking block is provided with a locking block chamfering structure 55, a piston rod chamfering matched with the locking block chamfering structure is arranged between the locking turning edge and the piston rod of the vertical loading cylinder, and the piston rod chamfering can facilitate the locking block to move to the lower side of the piston rod. When the piston rod of the vertical loading cylinder is required to be separated from the loading plate, the unlocking hydraulic cylinder acts, the unlocking block is driven to retract through the transmission pin shaft, and the piston rod of the vertical loading cylinder can retract to complete separation from the loading plate.
The crossbeam height adjusting mechanism comprises climbing teeth 4 arranged on the opposite sides of a left upright post and a right upright post, the crossbeam height adjusting mechanism also comprises an upper clamp 3 and a lower clamp 6, the lower clamp 6 comprises a lower clamp support 37 assembled on the corresponding upright post in a vertically guiding and moving manner, a clamp guide hole 38 matched with the upright post in a guiding and moving manner is arranged on the lower clamp support, a lower clamp toothed plate 8 matched with the climbing teeth is assembled on the lower clamp support in a guiding and moving manner in the left-right direction, lower clamp guide rods 34 extending along the left-right direction are fixed at the upper end and the lower end of the lower clamp toothed plate, a guide rod guide hole matched with the lower clamp guide rod in a guiding and moving manner to guide the lower clamp toothed plate is arranged on the lower clamp support, a lower clamp spring 35 applying acting force towards the direction corresponding to the climbing teeth to the lower clamp toothed plate is arranged between the lower clamp toothed plate 8 and the lower clamp support, the lower holding clamp locking spring sleeves are arranged on the corresponding lower holding clamp guide rods 34, and the lower holding clamp support is further provided with a lower holding clamp toothed plate hydraulic cylinder 36 which is horizontally arranged and is in transmission connection with the lower holding clamp toothed plate so as to downwardly hold the lower holding clamp toothed plate to output acting force in the left-right direction. The crossbeam is along upper and lower direction removal assembly on the stand, goes up to embrace and blocks 3 including being fixed in last armful card support 33 on the crossbeam, goes up to embrace to block and is equipped with along left right direction removal on support 33 and be used for and climb tooth complex and embrace card pinion rack 1, goes up to embrace to block and is provided with between the card pinion rack and the last armful card support and upwards embraces the card pinion rack and apply and correspond the tight spring 31 of last armful card lock that climbs tooth direction effort, go up to embrace to block and be provided with on the card support that the level was arranged with last armful card pinion rack transmission link to each other in order to upwards embrace the last armful card pinion rack output and embrace card pinion rack. And a jacking hydraulic cylinder 5 which is vertically arranged is arranged between the lower holding support and the upper holding support (or between the cross beams). Item 32 in fig. 2 shows an upper clasping guide rod which is fixed on the upper clasping toothed plate and is in guide moving fit with the upper clasping support 33.
The specific working process of the beam height adjusting mechanism is as follows: when not needing to test, the crossbeam does not receive the vertical effort of rubber support this moment, jacking pneumatic cylinder 5, go up to embrace latch board pneumatic cylinder 2 and embrace latch board pneumatic cylinder 7 all not work down, under the effect of embracing the card locking spring 31 at last, go up to embrace latch board 1 and climb tooth 4 and lock, realize fixed to crossbeam 12 high position, under the effect of embracing card locking spring 35 under, embrace latch board 8 down and climb tooth 4 and lock, realize embracing the fixed of 6 high positions of card down. When the position of the cross beam needs to be adjusted, the lower clamping tooth plate hydraulic cylinder 36 applies an acting force towards the corresponding climbing tooth 4 to the lower clamping tooth plate 8, the lower clamping tooth plate is locked with the climbing tooth under the action of the lower clamping tooth plate hydraulic cylinder, the upper clamping tooth plate hydraulic cylinder 2 applies an acting force towards the direction far away from the corresponding climbing tooth to the upper clamping tooth, the upper clamping tooth plate is separated from the climbing tooth, the jacking hydraulic cylinder 5 jacks the upper clamping support upwards, the cross beam 12 can move upwards for adjustment, then the upper clamping tooth plate hydraulic cylinder applies an acting force towards the direction corresponding to the climbing tooth to the upper clamping tooth plate, and the position fixation of the cross beam is realized by locking the upper clamping tooth plate and the climbing tooth; embrace card toothed plate pneumatic cylinder down and embrace the card and apply towards keeping away from the effort that corresponds the tooth direction that climbs, embrace the card toothed plate down and climb the tooth and break away from, the jacking pneumatic cylinder withdrawal, then can drive down embrace the card and walk upwards, so the circulation can realize the one-step height-adjusting of crossbeam. When a pressure shear test is required, the upper clamping tooth plate is locked with the climbing teeth under the action of the upper clamping tooth plate hydraulic cylinder, so that larger vertical acting force can be borne.
When the device is used, the two rubber supports are respectively arranged between the shear box and the loading plate and between the shear box and the cross beam, each vertical loading cylinder of the vertical loading mechanism is used for applying vertical loading force to the two rubber supports through the loading plate, and each shearing hydraulic cylinder is matched to apply horizontal shearing force in any direction to the rubber supports through the shearing box, so that a compression-shear test on the rubber supports is completed; the corresponding vertical loading cylinder can be quickly connected and separated from the loading plate through the quick locking device; the selection of different vertical loading cylinders can realize the loading requirements of different tonnages; the adjustment of the height of the cross beam is simple and convenient, and the whole compression-shear testing machine is compact in structure and small in occupied size. In other embodiments of the invention: the hinge shaft of the second hinge structure can also be arranged on the shearing hydraulic cylinder, and the hinge shaft connecting plate of the second hinge structure can also be arranged on the shearing box.
Example 2 of the compression shear tester is shown in fig. 7: the difference between the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 is that the reaction seat 24 is a cylindrical structure with the top fixed on the cross beam 12, the upper box plate of the shear box 11 is provided with a reaction seat through hole 20 through which the lower end of the reaction seat passes, and a rubber bearing placing space is formed between the middle of the lower box plate of the shear box 11 and the middle of the loading plate, so that the compression and shear testing machine only performs compression and shear tests on one rubber bearing 10 at a time, and the rubber bearing 10 can be placed between the middle of the shear box 11 and the loading plate 27. Item 9 in the figure represents a column; item 25 represents a dock; item 23 represents a vertical loading cylinder; item 28 represents a quick locking device.
Example 3 of the compression shear tester is shown in fig. 8: embodiment 3 is different from embodiment 1 in that the vertical loading cylinder 23 is fixed to the cross beam 12, the loading plate 27 is fixed to the bottom of the piston rod of the vertical loading cylinder, and a rubber bearing placing space of the rubber bearing 10 is formed between the upper box plate of the shear box 11 and the middle part of the loading plate. Item 9 in the figure represents a column; item 20 represents a reaction socket penetration; item 25 represents a dock; item 28 represents a quick locking device.
The embodiment of the quick locking device is shown in figures 1-8: the specific structure of the quick locking device is the same as that of the quick locking device in each of the embodiments of the compression-shear testing machine described above, and the detailed description is omitted here.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a compression-shear testing machine, includes the vertical loading mechanism who has the load plate, its characterized in that: the vertical loading mechanism comprises at least two vertical loading cylinders arranged in parallel, piston rods of the vertical loading cylinders are connected with the loading plate through respective corresponding quick locking devices, each quick locking device comprises a device seat with an annular structure, the device seat is fixed on the lower plate surface of the loading plate, the device seat comprises an upper box plate, a lower box plate, an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring and the outer ring are fixed between the upper box plate and the lower box plate, at least two guide grooves radially extending along the inner ring are distributed on the inner ring along the circumferential direction, locking blocks are assembled in the guide grooves in a guiding and moving mode, locking block locking springs are arranged between the outer ring and the locking blocks, an unlocking hydraulic cylinder in transmission connection with the locking blocks is further arranged on the device seat, locking turning edges used for being clamped on the upper sides of the locking blocks are arranged on the piston rods of the vertical loading cylinders, and locking block chamfering structures.
2. The compression-shear test machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the guide groove is gradually reduced from outside to inside, and the locking block is of a trapezoidal structure with the width gradually narrowed from outside to inside.
3. The compression-shear test machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the lower side of the locking block is fixed with a transmission pin shaft, the lower box plate is provided with a guide long hole which extends along the outer ring in the radial direction and is used for being matched with the transmission pin shaft in a guide moving mode in the radial direction, the unlocking hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the lower side of the lower box plate, and a piston rod of the unlocking hydraulic cylinder is connected with the transmission pin shaft.
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| CN201910266944.6A CN109827853B (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | Compression-shear testing machine and quick locking device thereof |
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| CN201910266944.6A CN109827853B (en) | 2019-04-03 | 2019-04-03 | Compression-shear testing machine and quick locking device thereof |
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| CN109827853B true CN109827853B (en) | 2020-12-04 |
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| CN112255097A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-22 | 国网山东省电力公司烟台供电公司 | Cable detection device |
| CN112504809A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-03-16 | 浙江理工大学 | Catastrophe simulation device and experimental method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE19848902A1 (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-08-26 | Labs Holland Gmbh | Clamp |
| CN102728765B (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2014-09-17 | 江苏大学 | Annular part fixture |
| CN103990997A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-08-20 | 溧阳市科华机械制造有限公司 | Novel positioning device of turbocharger middle body on digital control lathe |
| CN104553658A (en) * | 2014-12-21 | 2015-04-29 | 重庆泉海机械有限责任公司 | Hydraulic steel-ball locking device for automobile chassis |
| CN206967909U (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-02-06 | 东莞市豪亨电子科技有限公司 | A kind of locking device for the cored wire extruder that foams |
| CN208034699U (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-11-02 | 福建工程学院 | A kind of nut class work piece holder of inside and outside loop self-adaptive gripping |
| CN208133153U (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-11-23 | 陈晓玲 | A kind of novel circular wood clamping device |
| CN209707280U (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-11-29 | 河南交通职业技术学院 | Pressure-shear test machine and its quick-locking device |
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