CN109798215B - A Novel Ultra-low Specific Speed Pump Turbine - Google Patents
A Novel Ultra-low Specific Speed Pump Turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN109798215B CN109798215B CN201910239404.9A CN201910239404A CN109798215B CN 109798215 B CN109798215 B CN 109798215B CN 201910239404 A CN201910239404 A CN 201910239404A CN 109798215 B CN109798215 B CN 109798215B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型超低比转速水泵水轮机，包括依次连接的蜗壳(4)、转轮(1)、第二级导叶域(3)以及尾水管(2)，且蜗壳流道水流轴向出入，其中，蜗壳(4)内带有若干负曲率的第一级导叶(5)，且第一级导叶(5)以单列环形方式均布；转轮(1)包含若干个转桨式叶片(6)，第二级导叶域(3)包含若干个对称鲸型活动导叶(7)。本发明水泵水轮机即可以满足在发电、抽水两种工况高效运行，且机组在典型工况过渡过程运行中具有较为良好的稳定性能。
The invention discloses a novel ultra-low specific speed water pump turbine, comprising a volute (4), a runner (1), a second-stage guide vane region (3) and a draft water pipe (2) connected in sequence, and the volute flows The water flows axially in and out, wherein the volute (4) is provided with a number of first-stage guide vanes (5) with negative curvature, and the first-stage guide vanes (5) are uniformly distributed in a single-row annular manner; the runner (1) It includes several rotor blades (6), and the second-stage guide vane area (3) includes several symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vanes (7). The pump-turbine of the invention can meet the requirements of high-efficiency operation under two working conditions of power generation and water pumping, and the unit has relatively good stability in the transition process of typical working conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic machinery, and particularly relates to a novel ultra-low specific speed water pump turbine.
Background
According to statistics, the reversible unit configured in the existing pumped storage power station bears more than 740 ten thousand kilowatts of electricity, and the reversible unit has the characteristic of bidirectional operation (water turbine working condition power generation and water pump working condition pumping), so that the pump turbine is the first-choice model of the hydropower station under construction.
The water pump and turbine system is frequently started and stopped, the working condition conversion processes such as load increase and decrease, accident load shedding, power generation and modulation and the like are variable and complex, and the phenomena of pressure pulsation, abnormal vibration, over-standard swing degree, machine lifting, chamber sweeping and the like, even safety accidents can occur in the operation process. The main reason for the phenomenon is the internal flow field characteristics of the pump-turbine, however, the existing known technology is difficult to effectively control the phenomenon, which has become an obstacle for restricting the development of the pump-turbine and the system thereof in China and is one of the key scientific problems affecting the stable and safe operation of the power system. The pump turbine with good operation performance can meet the requirements of current small hydropower station transformation engineering, and is a green guarantee for safe and stable operation of new energy grid connection.
Most of the existing water pump turbines are mixed flow type units, axial inflow flows out in the radial direction, when the units operate under the deviated design working condition, vortex flow of different scales can occur to each flow passage component, and particularly, cavitation is easily generated on blade tips. The inlet and outlet edges of the guide vanes and the blades are axially arranged, so that an included angle between an absolute movement direction formed by the combination of the traction movement and the relative movement and a normal direction is an acute angle as small as possible, the full-flow-channel approximate axial through flow weakens the vortex size in the operation of non-design working conditions, and even avoids the occurrence of vortex and secondary effect in the operation of certain typical working conditions, thereby improving the operation stability of the unit.
Chinese patent application CN201611149428.8 discloses an axial flow pump-turbine with double clutch mechanisms, its runner and blade all take the separation and reunion structure for pump-turbine reversible operation is in the electricity generation, two kinds of operating modes of drawing water, but this structural design is complicated not to be convenient for maintain in the future, and the stator exchanges the function with the runner at two kinds of operating modes, will appear whether there is the common high efficiency district problem etc. of broad in two kinds of operating modes. Chinese patent application cn201610015261.x discloses a pump turbine and a method for using the same, wherein twice the number of small movable guide vanes are arranged in front of a fixed guide vane to control the flow rate of a unit, but the structure is the same as a common pump turbine, and the instability of the flow field in the unit operating under an off-design condition cannot be effectively improved from the structural design perspective.
In conclusion, in order to improve the operation stability of the pump turbine, on the premise of ensuring the operation efficiency of two working conditions of power generation and water pumping, a novel reversible unit with multi-working condition operation stability is developed, which is a new direction for researchers at home and abroad at present. Meanwhile, the improvement mode is adopted to meet the requirement of easy processing and manufacturing, and the whole cost of the unit can be further reduced, so that the important problem to be solved urgently in the field of the water pump turbine of the hydropower station is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a novel ultra-low specific speed pump-turbine, which can solve the problem of vortex of the internal flow field of the pump-turbine on the basis of realizing efficient conversion of water flow under two working conditions of power generation and water pumping so as to improve the operation stability of a unit.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a novel ultra-low specific speed water pump turbine comprises a volute, a rotating wheel, a second-stage guide vane area and a draft tube which are connected in sequence, wherein the water flow in a volute flow channel axially flows in and out,
a plurality of first-stage guide vanes with negative curvature are arranged in the volute and are uniformly distributed in a single-row annular mode; the runner contains a plurality of rotor blade, and the second stage stator region contains a plurality of symmetrical whale type movable guide vane.
The invention is further improved in that the volute is horn-shaped, the cross section of the volute is annular, and the ratio of the sectional areas of the inlet and the outlet is 0.4-0.6.
The invention is further improved in that the number of the first-stage guide vanes is 17-19.
The invention is further improved in that the number of the rotary blade is 20-22.
The invention is further improved in that the number of the symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vanes is 20-22.
The invention has the further improvement that the flow cross-sectional areas of the rotating wheel, the second-stage guide vane area and the inlet and the outlet of the draft tube are equal, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter is 0.5-0.6.
The invention has the further improvement that the rotating wheel and the second-stage guide vane area are both in a columnar structure, and the ratio of the height of the second-stage guide vane area to the height of the rotating wheel is 0.8-0.9.
The invention is further improved in that the tail water pipe is a hollow cylindrical body and is connected with the normal inlet and outlet of the rotating wheel port.
The invention has the further improvement that the cross section contour line of the first stage guide vane in the volute comprises a first curve and a second curve which are sequentially connected end to end, and the molded line equation is as follows:
the first curve:
z1＝-6.402e+05-1306x-1889y-8.745e-01x2-2.588xy-1.852y2-0.19e-03x3-8.788e-04x2y-1.272e-03xy2-6.054e-04y3
the second curve:
z2＝-2.008e+06-4295x-5390y-4.066x2-8.789xy-4.824y2-1.137e-03x3-3.598e-03x2y-3.936e-03xy2-1.437e-03y3
the cross section contour line of the rotating paddle type blade in the rotating wheel comprises a third curve and a fourth curve which are sequentially connected end to end, and the line equation of the cross section contour line is as follows:
the third curve:
z3＝-2.456e+06-1.428e+04x+8.736e+04y-2.187x2+33.64xy-103.7y2+1.788e-04x3+2.724e-03x2y-1.98e-02xy2+4.111e-02y3
the fourth curve:
z4＝2.188e+07+1.231e+04x-7.073e+04y-1.984x2-29.56xy+74.8y2+3.382e-04x3+2.584e-03x2y+1.774e-02xy2-2.572e-02y3
the cross section contour line of the symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vane is a fifth curve, and the molded line equation is as follows:
the fifth curve:
z5＝-4.958e+07-6.751e+04x-1.051e+05y-28.31x2-89.14xy-113.6y2-3.201e-03x3-2.486e-02x2y-1.323e-02xy2-8.759e-02y3。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
firstly, the novel ultra-low specific speed water pump turbine provided by the invention has the advantages that the volute is internally provided with a plurality of guide vanes, so that the unsteady vortex flow generated in the volute when the unit operates under the non-design working condition is improved; the draft tube is a hollow cylindrical body and is connected with the opening of the rotating wheel to normally feed and discharge, so that the central vortex strip of the draft tube caused by the rotation of the rotating wheel is avoided. The mode improves the flow field characteristic of the full flow channel, improves the efficiency and the operation stability of the water turbine, and improves the anti-cavitation performance of the unit.
Secondly, the novel ultra-low specific speed water pump turbine provided by the invention has the advantages that the structures of the first-stage guide vane, the runner blade and the second-stage guide vane are simple, the processing precision of the non-three-dimensional twisted blade profile is high on one hand, the manufacturing is convenient on the other hand, and the manufacturing cost is low; in addition, the advantages of the mixed-flow type and axial-flow type units are integrated, and the guide vanes and the blades which are arranged along the streamline further improve the operating efficiency of the pump turbine.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first stage vane distribution within the volute.
FIG. 3 is a first stage vane profile schematic.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rotor blade distribution.
FIG. 5 is a schematic rotor blade profile.
FIG. 6 is a second stage vane distribution schematic.
FIG. 7 is a second stage vane profile schematic.
Description of reference numerals:
the method comprises the following steps of 1-rotating wheel, 2-draft tube, 3-second stage guide vane domain, 4-volute, 5-first stage guide vane, 6-rotor blade, 7-symmetrical whale type movable guide vane, 8-first curve, 9-second curve, 10-third curve, 11-fourth curve and 12-fifth curve.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine provided by the invention comprises a volute 4, a runner 1, a second-stage guide vane domain 3 and a draft tube 2 which are connected in sequence. The volute 4 is horn-shaped, the cross section of the volute is annular, the ratio of the inlet-outlet sectional areas of the volute is 0.4-0.6, a plurality of first-stage guide vanes 5 with negative curvatures are arranged in the volute 4, and the first-stage guide vanes 5 are uniformly distributed in a single-row annular mode. The runner 1 comprises a plurality of rotor blades 6, and the second-stage guide vane domain 3 comprises a plurality of symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vanes 7. The flow cross-sectional areas of the runner 1, the second-stage guide vane area 3 and the inlet and the outlet of the draft tube 2 are equal, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter is 0.5-0.6. The rotating wheel 1 and the second-stage guide vane area 3 are both of a columnar structure, and the ratio of the height of the second-stage guide vane area 3 to the height of the rotating wheel 1 is 0.8-0.9. The draft tube 2 is a hollow cylindrical body and is connected with the normal inlet and outlet of the rotating wheel port.
As shown in fig. 3, the cross-sectional contour line of the first stage guide vane in the volute includes a first curve 8 and a second curve 9 which are sequentially connected end to end, and the profile equation is as follows:
first curve 8:
z1＝-6.402e+05-1306x-1889y-8.745e-01x2-2.588xy-1.852y2-0.19e-03x3-8.788e-04x2y-1.272e-03xy2-6.054e-04y3
second curve 9:
z2＝-2.008e+06-4295x-5390y-4.066x2-8.789xy-4.824y2-1.137e-03x3-3.598e-03x2y-3.936e-03xy2-1.437e-03y3
as shown in fig. 5, the cross-sectional contour line of the rotor inner rotor blade includes a third curve 10 and a fourth curve 11 connected end to end in sequence, and the profile equation is as follows:
third curve 10:
z3＝-2.456e+06-1.428e+04x+8.736e+04y-2.187x2+33.64xy-103.7y2+1.788e-04x3+2.724e-03x2y-1.98e-02xy2+4.111e-02y3
fourth curve 11:
z4＝2.188e+07+1.231e+04x-7.073e+04y-1.984x2-29.56xy+74.8y2+3.382e-04x3+2.584e-03x2y+1.774e-02xy2-2.572e-02y3
as shown in fig. 7, the cross-sectional contour line of the symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vane is a fifth curve 12, and the line equation is as follows:
fifth curve 12:
z5＝-4.958e+07-6.751e+04x-1.051e+05y-28.31x2-89.14xy-113.6y2-3.201e-03x3-2.486e-02x2y-1.323e-02xy2-8.759e-02y3
the realization principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a novel ultra-low specific speed water pump turbine, which can convert the energy of water flow into mechanical energy and also can convert the mechanical energy into water potential energy and the like. The flow cross section of the horn-shaped volute is annular, pressure pulsation in the volute can be reduced when the unit operates under an off-design working condition by the aid of the structure, and a plurality of first-stage guide vanes with negative curvatures are uniformly distributed in the volute in a single-row annular mode. When the water turbine operates under the working condition, water flows into the first-stage guide vane through the volute inlet and then reaches the rotating wheel. The runner contains a plurality of runner formula blade, and adjustable runner formula blade is used for improving the unsteady state phenomenon that appears in the off-design operating mode operation to raise the efficiency and hydraulic turbine operating stability. The water flow reaches a second-stage guide vane area through the rotating wheel, and the second-stage guide vane area comprises a plurality of symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vanes, and the symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vane blade type allows for adjustment of two working conditions in opposite flow. Finally, water flows out through the draft tube, the draft tube is a hollow cylindrical body and is connected with the opening of the rotating wheel to normally flow in and out, and the central vortex strip of the draft tube caused by the rotation of the rotating wheel is avoided. The working condition operation of the water pump is just opposite to the phenomenon path, and water flow firstly enters the draft tube to reach the second-stage guide vane area and then reaches the volute through the rotating wheel to finally flow out.
Examples
18 first-stage guide vanes are arranged in the volute, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the inlet to the outlet of the volute is 0.5. The number of the runner blades is 21, the number of the second-stage guide vanes is 21, the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter is 0.528, and the ratio of the height of the second-stage guide vanes to the height of the runner is 0.808.
The hydraulic calculation is analyzed theoretically, and the simulation result shows that: the novel pump turbine with the ultra-low specific speed not only has a wider efficient area under two working conditions of power generation and water pumping, but also has relatively low flow field pressure pulsation frequency and the like when the unit operates under an off-design working condition. The trumpet-shaped volute casing structure with the guide vanes, the columnar hollow body rotating wheel domain, the movable guide vane domain and the draft tube respectively reduce the full-runner vortex phenomenon under various operation conditions in different degrees, and the operation stability of the whole water pump turbine is enhanced.
Descriptions not related to the implementation of the invention belong to the known technology in the field, and the description can be implemented by referring to the known technology. The above specific implementation manner and embodiments are specific supports for the technical idea of the novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine provided by the invention, and the protection scope of the invention cannot be limited thereby, and any equivalent changes or equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea provided by the invention belong to the protection scope of the technical scheme of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A novel water turbine with a water pump and a low specific speed is characterized by comprising a volute (4), a rotating wheel (1), a second-stage guide vane area (3) and a draft tube (2) which are connected in sequence, wherein the water flow in a volute flow channel axially enters and exits,
a plurality of first-stage guide vanes (5) with negative curvature are arranged in the volute (4), and the first-stage guide vanes (5) are uniformly distributed in a single-row annular mode; the rotating wheel (1) comprises a plurality of rotor blades (6), and the second-stage guide vane domain (3) comprises a plurality of symmetrical whale-shaped movable guide vanes (7);
the cross section contour line of the first-stage guide vane in the volute comprises a first curve (8) and a second curve (9) which are sequentially connected end to end, and the profile equation of the first-stage guide vane is as follows:
first curve (8):
z1＝-6.402e+05-1306x-1889y-8.745e-01x2-2.588xy-1.852y2-0.19e-03x3-8.788e-04x2y-1.272e-03xy2-6.054e-04y3
second curve (9):
z2＝-2.008e+06-4295x-5390y-4.066x2-8.789xy-4.824y2-1.137e-03x3-3.598e-03x2y-3.936e-03xy2-1.437e-03y3
the cross section contour line of the rotor inner rotor type blade comprises a third curve (10) and a fourth curve (11) which are sequentially connected end to end, and the line equation of the cross section contour line is as follows:
third curve (10):
z3＝-2.456e+06-1.428e+04x+8.736e+04y-2.187x2+33.64xy-103.7y2+1.788e-04x3+2.724e-03x2y-1.98e-02xy2+4.111e-02y3
fourth curve (11):
z4＝2.188e+07+1.231e+04x-7.073e+04y-1.984x2-29.56xy+74.8y2+3.382e-04x3+2.584e-03x2y+1.774e-02xy2-2.572e-02y3
the cross section contour line of the symmetrical whale type movable guide vane is a fifth curve (12), and the type line equation is as follows:
fifth curve (12):
z5＝-4.958e+07-6.751e+04x-1.051e+05y-28.31x2-89.14xy-113.6y2-3.201e-03x3-2.486e-02x2y-1.323e-02xy2-8.759e-02y3。
2. the novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volute (4) is horn-shaped, the cross section of the volute is annular, and the ratio of the inlet-outlet cross-sectional areas is 0.4-0.6.
3. The novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the first stage guide vanes (5) is 17-19.
4. The novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the Kaplan blades (6) is 20-22.
5. A novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the number of symmetrical whale type movable guide vanes (7) is 20-22.
6. The novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the runner (1), the second stage guide vane area (3) and the inlet and outlet flow cross-sectional areas of the draft tube (2) are all equal, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter is 0.5-0.6.
7. The novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the runner and the second stage guide vane region are both in a cylindrical structure, and the ratio of the height of the second stage guide vane region (3) to the height of the runner (1) is 0.8-0.9.
8. The novel ultra-low specific speed pump turbine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the draft tube (2) is a hollow cylinder connected to the normal outflow from the outlet of the runner or the normal inflow to the inlet of the runner.
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| CN115081138B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-05-31 | 武汉大学 | Guide vane design method for improving running stability of pump-turbine and pump-turbine |
| CN118881497B (en) * | 2024-06-25 | 2025-12-26 | 国网新源控股有限公司抽水蓄能技术经济研究院 | A pump-turbine runner blade suitable for rapid transition processes |
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| US3406632A (en) * | 1963-01-19 | 1968-10-22 | Grenobloise Etude Appl | Reversible hydraulic apparatus |
| FR2492466A1 (en) * | 1980-10-17 | 1982-04-23 | Neyrpic Bmb | Axial hydroelectric appts. for irrigation - uses axial flow turbine with variable blade orientation for driving generator or be driven as pump with same water flow sense in both cases |
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| CN107676212A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-02-09 | 许昌义 | The two-way bulb through-flow turbine of automatic conversion |
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