CN109789385A - 新型色谱介质 - Google Patents

新型色谱介质 Download PDF

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CN109789385A
CN109789385A CN201780061282.8A CN201780061282A CN109789385A CN 109789385 A CN109789385 A CN 109789385A CN 201780061282 A CN201780061282 A CN 201780061282A CN 109789385 A CN109789385 A CN 109789385A
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imac
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A.C.贝格
T.艾哈迈德
M.阿尔戈特森
T.格拉纳
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Cytiva Sweden AB
Cytiva Bioprocess R&D AB
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型色谱介质,更具体地讲,一种新型IMAC(固定化金属亲和色谱)介质。该新型色谱介质包括五齿配体并提供高动态结合容量以及在本发明的介质上纯化的样品蛋白的高纯度。

Description

新型色谱介质
发明领域
本发明涉及一种新型色谱介质,更具体地讲,一种新型IMAC(固定化金属亲和色谱)介质。该新型色谱介质确保高动态结合容量以及在本发明的介质上纯化的样品蛋白的高纯度。
发明背景
固定化金属螯合色谱(IMAC)已被用作蛋白纯化技术数年。IMAC背后的原理在于,许多过渡金属离子通常能够在氨基酸(特别是组氨酸、半胱氨酸和色氨酸)侧链的氧和氮原子之间形成配位键。为了将这种相互作用用于色谱目的,必须将金属离子固定在不溶性载体上。这可以通过将螯合配体连接到载体上来完成。最重要的是,为了有用,所选择的金属离子必须对螯合配体具有比对待纯化的化合物显著更高的亲和力。合适的配位金属离子的实例是Cu(II)、Zn(II)、Ni(II)、Ca(II)、Co(II)、Mg(II)、Fe(III)、Al(III)、Ga(III))、钪(III)等。公知各种螯合基团用于IMAC,诸如亚氨基二乙酸(IDA)(Porath等人,Nature, 258, 598-599, 1975)(其是三齿螯合剂)和次氮基三乙酸(NTA) (Hochuli 等人, J. Chromatography 411, 177-184, 1987)(其是四齿螯合剂)。
在IMAC领域,已经做了很多努力来提供对重组靶蛋白具有高吸附容量的吸附剂,重组靶蛋白例如包含额外的组氨酸残基的蛋白(所谓的组氨酸标记的蛋白)。然而,其中产生重组靶蛋白的细胞和发酵液也将包含由宿主细胞产生的其他蛋白,通常称为宿主细胞蛋白,其中一些蛋白也与吸附剂结合。因此,在该领域中需要一种IMAC吸附剂,其吸附较少的宿主细胞蛋白和/或呈现改进的选择性,允许选择性结合和/或洗脱靶蛋白。
理论上有几个潜在的优点可归因于五齿螯合配体。与三齿和四齿配体相比,与金属离子结合的所有蛋白应该被弱化,因为蛋白分子可用的配位点数量较少,达到大多数未标记蛋白可能未结合的程度,从而导致对组氨酸标记的蛋白的更高选择性。这对于低水平靶蛋白表达尤其重要,其中用最强结合剂(即组氨酸标记的蛋白)竞争性置换弱的不需要的结合剂难以在纯化时有利地使用。此外,金属离子的更强结合将减少色谱过程中离子的损失,降低痕量金属离子污染纯化蛋白的风险,并使色谱树脂可重复使用,而无需在下次使用前再次加载金属离子。这些方面对于进料(施用于色谱柱的样品)如动物细胞培养介质和为“侵略性的”(即倾向于除去固定的金属离子)缓冲液尤其重要。此外,当通过与金属离子相互作用而干扰纯化的物质(例如一些二硫化物还原剂)存在于进料和/或缓冲液中时,使用具有五齿螯合剂的IMAC树脂应该是有利的。
美国专利No.6,441,146(Minh)涉及五齿螯合剂树脂,其是能够与多价金属离子形成八面体配合物的金属螯合树脂,其中五个配位点被螯合剂占据,留下一个配位点自由地与靶蛋白相互作用。建议使用所公开的螯合剂树脂作为通用载体,用于使用可溶性碳二亚胺共价固定所有蛋白。更具体地,所公开的五齿螯合剂树脂通过首先使赖氨酸与载体(诸如活化的Sepharose)反应来制备。然后通过与溴乙酸反应将得到的固定化的赖氨酸羧化成五齿配体。
McCurley & Seitz (Talanta [1989] 36, 341-346: “On the nature ofimmobilized tris(carboxymethyl)ethylenediamine”)涉及固定化的五齿螯合剂,即三(羧甲基)乙二胺,也称为TED,用作蛋白分级的IMAC固定相。通过将乙二胺固定在碳水化合物载体上,然后羧化以提供螯合羧基,得到TED树脂。该文章中的实验证据表明,相应地制备的TED树脂似乎具有配体的混合物,主要为乙二胺-N,N'-二乙酸(EDDA),而非TED。该文章还记录了由氮含量确定的理论金属离子结合容量和实验容量之间的巨大差异,这表明大部分的配体处于不结合金属离子的形式。
EP 2164591B1描述了生物分子吸附剂的制备,包括以下步骤:提供亚烷基二胺四乙酸二酐,并将其偶联到载体上以形成五齿配体,所述五齿配体包括通过酰胺连接键和间隔基与所述载体连接的亚烷基二胺三乙酸,和向如此得到的吸附剂加载金属离子的另外的步骤。五齿配体形成非常稳定的金属螯合物,同时在纯化和/或检测过程中为某些多肽或蛋白提供高度选择性结合性质。
尽管已有IMAC介质,仍然需要在容量和纯度方面进行改进。
发明概述
本发明提供了一种具有高动态结合容量而不会折损样品纯度的通用的新型IMAC介质。
在第一方面,本发明涉及一种IMAC(固定化金属亲和色谱)介质,包含与5-60 μm直径的色谱珠粒Q偶联的五齿配体。
优选地,配体是五齿配体并且介质具有下式:
其中
Q是30-40 μm直径的色谱珠粒
S是间隔基
L是酰胺连接键
X是COOH且n=2-3
并且其中,与具有大于60 μm的较大珠粒尺寸的IMAC介质相比,在QB10%处的动态结合容量(DBC)大于两倍。优选QB10%大于3倍,诸如大于6倍。
色谱介质可以是多孔天然或合成聚合物,优选琼脂糖。在一个实施方案中,Q由琼脂糖制成且Q的直径为30-40 μm。
色谱珠粒Q吸附剂加载有选自Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Co2+、Fe3+和Ga3+的金属离子,优选Ni2 +
在一个实施方案中,色谱珠粒Q可以涂有葡聚糖,这增加由如实施例中所述介质得到的纯化。
在另一个实施方案中,Q可包含磁性粒子。
在一个实施方案中,在上式中,n为2,即亚乙基且S应当优选为包含至少3个原子的C和O的亲水性链。
在第二方面,本发明涉及一种在IMAC介质上纯化生物分子的方法,包括将样品加载到如上所述的介质上,其中所述样品包含螯合剂,诸如EDTA,并且与常规IMAC介质相比,QB10%处的动态结合容量大于两倍。优选地,IMAC介质是如上所述的五齿介质并且QB10%是3至6倍。
优选地,生物分子包含两个或更多个组氨酸、色氨酸和/或半胱氨酸残基。最优选地,生物分子用至少两个His-残基、诸如至少六个His-残基标记。如果生物分子是重组蛋白,则标记在遗传水平上进行。
附图简述
图1为色谱图,显示了市售HisTrap excel(粗线) vs. Excel HP原型 LS018819(虚线)对MBP-His的动态结合容量(QB10%)的试验。箭头表示样品施用期间的10%穿透。280nm处的吸光度曲线显示原型的后来穿透。
图2为市售HisTrap excel和Excel HP原型LS018819的QB10%结果的图。样品:MBP-His。
图3为色谱图,显示了市售HisTrap excel(粗线)和Excel HP原型 LS019382(虚线)对GFP-His的动态结合容量(QB10%)的试验。箭头表示样品施用期间的10%穿透。280nm处的吸光度曲线显示原型的后来穿透(later breakthrough),其中靶蛋白损失较少。
图4为市售HisTrap excel和Excel HP原型LS019382的QB10%结果的图。样品:GFP-His。
图5为大肠杆菌裂解物中GFP-His的纯化。通过还原SDS-PAGE (Amersham WBsystem)进行分析。Lane 1:起始样品,Lane 2:洗脱峰HisTrap excel,Lane 3:洗脱峰ExcelHP原型LS019382。
图6为大肠杆菌裂解物中GFP-His的纯化(洗脱的级分)。在还原条件下进行SDS-PAGE。Lane 1:参照物 (IMAC Sepharose High Performance),Lane 2:环氧活化的树脂原型LS018835B,Lane 3:葡聚糖涂覆的树脂原型LS018835A。单独的Lane 4显示了用参照物获得的前峰(pre-peack)的分析。
发明详述
IMAC纯化的主要困难之一是获得高纯度和高容量二者的挑战。高纯度通常以牺牲高容量为代价,反之亦然。有许多可用的IMAC树脂,用于不同样品和不同目的。例如,NiSepharose High Performance (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB)具有高容量,而TALONSuperflow (Clontech)具有较低的容量,但相比之下产生更高的纯度。Ni Sepharoseexcel (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB)是五齿树脂,其可用于所有类型的样品(还有金属剥离样品),产生高纯度但具有低容量,其中在样品施用过程中靶蛋白损失。
非常期望一种通用IMAC树脂,其结合了所有优点,提供最终的高纯度、高容量和纯化所有类型样品的可能性。
现在将结合一些非限制性实施例和附图更详细地描述本发明。
实验
材料和方法
IMAC原型
1. Excel HP原型
●LS018819 Excel配体偶联到Sepharose High Performance,烯丙基含量170 μmol/ml
●LS019382 Excel配体偶联到Sepharose High Performance,烯丙基含量为189 μmol/ml
●参照柱:HiTrap excel,1 ml,GE Healthcare
2. 涂有葡聚糖的原型
●LS018835A涂有葡聚糖的IMAC Sepharose High Performance
●参照柱:LS018835B NaOH处理的环氧活化的IMAC Sepharose High Performance
根据HiTrap装填方法将原型树脂装填在1ml HiTrap柱中(GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB)。使用50-60%的浆料浓度来装填Hi Trap柱。
穿透、纯度和分离度的测试
通过将纯化的组氨酸标记的麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP-His)和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP-His)加载到柱上来进行动态结合容量(DBC)测试。记录吸光度并计算样品吸光度的10%穿透处的容量(QB10%)。
通过梯度纯化大肠杆菌裂解物中的GFP-His来测试纯度和分离度。用咪唑缓冲液洗脱组氨酸标记的蛋白并收集级分。将还原的SDS-PAGE用于纯度分析。
用于动态结合容量测试的样品
组氨酸(6)标记的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP-His)在17%甘油,20 mM磷酸钠,500 mM NaCl中,pH 7.4。浓度2.5 mg/ml。
组氨酸(6)标记的麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP-His)在20 mM磷酸钠,500 mM NaCl中,pH7.4。浓度1.4 mg/ml。
用于最终纯度和分离度测试的样品
组氨酸(6)标记的绿色荧光蛋白(GFP-His)在大肠杆菌,20 mM磷酸钠,500 mM NaCl中,pH7.4。浓度约3 mg/ml。
将样品离心(20000g,10分钟),当注入柱时,将上清液过滤(0.45μm)。
缓冲液
结合缓冲液,A:20 mM磷酸钠,500 mMNaCl,pH7.4
洗脱缓冲液,B:在结合缓冲液中的500 mM咪唑
色谱方法
测试:动态结合容量。Excel HP原型。色谱系统:ÄKTA avant A25。
测试:纯度和分离度。Excel HP原型。色谱系统:ÄKTAavant A25。
测试:纯度和分离度。涂有葡聚糖的原型。色谱系统:ÄKTAavant A25。
使用Amersham WB系统在还原条件下进行SDS-PAGE。首先使用Amersham WBMinitrap试剂盒对样品进行缓冲交换。
实验1:Excel HP原型的合成
在该实验中,将在EP 2164591B1中描述的五齿配体与Sepharose High Performance(GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB) (珠粒直径34 µm)偶联。该珠粒具有较小的珠粒尺寸,与具有较大珠粒尺寸的树脂相比,这增加了偶联的表面积。较小的珠粒尺寸还应导致柱中重复结合(关-开事件)的数量增加。这可能有利于减少样品施用期间靶蛋白的泄漏。与常规IMAC介质相比,High Performance树脂的稍微更大的孔径也可能增加靶蛋白的可接近性。
第1步:烯丙基化
在玻璃过滤器(p3, 6GV)上用水洗涤120ml Sepharose HP树脂,并吸水。然后将120g吸水的树脂与7.5ml蒸馏水一起转移到夹套反应器中。开始搅拌并向浆料中加入12 ml 50%NaOH。将浆料搅拌30分钟,然后加热至47℃,然后加入60 ml AGE。约18小时后,停止搅拌并将浆料转移到玻璃过滤器中。然后将浆料用水(1GV×3)、EtOH(1GV×3)洗涤,然后用水(1GV×6)洗涤。
烯丙基滴定(使用滴定):烯丙基含量:对于LS018819为约170 μmol/ml。
烯丙基滴定(使用滴定):烯丙基含量:对于LS019382为约189 μmol/ml。
第2步:溴化
将100 g/ml干燥的吸水的烯丙基化凝胶转移到反应反应器中,然后加入300 ml水和4.6 g乙酸钠三水合物,搅拌5分钟。向反应混合物中加入约5 ml溴,直至凝胶的颜色变为强烈的深黄色,并在室温搅拌下反应5分钟,向反应混合物中加入约7.8 g甲酸钠并在搅拌下让反应进行15分钟,直至黄色消失。在玻璃滤器(P3)上用水(10×1GV)洗涤凝胶。
步骤3:胺化步骤
来自步骤2的100 g溴化的凝胶转移到反应反应器中,加入150 ml氨溶液并让反应混合物在45℃放置下过夜。在玻璃过滤器(P3)上用10×1GV洗涤凝胶。
步骤4:EDTA配体偶联步骤
将来自步骤3的100 g胺化凝胶用6x1GV丙酮洗涤并转移到反应反应器中并加入100ml丙酮。向反应混合物中加入2.9g DIPEA并在搅拌下让反应继续5分钟。将5.3 g EDTA加入到反应混合物中并在24-28℃下让混合物放置过夜。凝胶用3×1GV丙酮,随后用3×1GV水洗涤。将吸水的凝胶转移到反应器中,加入1GV 2M NaOH以水解未反应的EDTA进料。在玻璃滤器(P3)上洗涤凝胶(6×1GV)。最终凝胶用0.1 M硫酸镍加载镍。
方案1:烯丙基活化、胺化和EDTA配体偶联的通用反应方案
动态结合容量
使用两种不同的纯化的组氨酸标记的蛋白(MBP-His和GFP-His)测试动态结合容量DBC,并在10%穿透处计算QB10%。针对Excel HP原型LS018819检测弱结合的MBP-His从市售HisTrap excel几乎立即开始(尽管有延迟)的损失(图1)。对于HisTrap excel,QB10%计算值为约5mg LS018819 MBP-His/ml树脂,对于原型为约30 mg MBP-His/ml树脂(图2)。因此,原型的QB10%约为6倍。
与弱结合MBP-His相比,可以预期强结合GFP-His的后来穿透。获得的HisTrapexcel的QB10%为约30mg GFP-His/ml树脂。Excel HP原型LS019382显示性能的进一步提高。吸光度非常低(0 mAU),在样品施用结束前没有靶蛋白损失(图3)。计算的QB10%为约90mg GFP-His/ml树脂(图4)。
纯度
对于组氨酸标记的蛋白的高容量也可导致对包含一个或多个组氨酸的杂质的高容量。通过将在大肠杆菌裂解物中的GFP-His样品加入柱中来研究最终纯度。使用低负载以留下自由的结合位点待杂质来结合。在不添加任何咪唑的情况下施加样品,并通过咪唑梯度洗脱。通过还原的SDS-PAGE分析洗脱的峰(图5)。图5的lane 1-3中的两个主要谱带的原因可能通过已知的GFP-His截短(仍然具有残留的组氨酸标签)来解释。这两种树脂的最终纯度相同。
因此,结果表明,尽管Excel HP原型具有更高的容量但仍然获得相同的纯度。这可以通过以下事实来解释:excel配体是五齿的,仅留下一个配位点来结合蛋白。与沿着杂质蛋白分布的单个组氨酸相比,六个组氨酸标记可能是有益的,具有增加的与该唯一配位点结合的机会。结果表明,使用Excel HP原型获得了高容量和高纯度二者。
与目前的Ni Sepharose excel产品相比,原型产生了3-6倍的动态容量,在样品施用期间靶蛋白的损失显著降低。容量增加的原因可能是由于与Sepharose Fast Flow(珠粒尺寸为90μm)相比Sepharose High Performance(珠粒尺寸为34 μm)的增加的表面和其他效果如可接近性(由于更大的孔径和增加的在柱中重复结合数)。
实验2:涂有Dextran的原型的合成
葡聚糖涂层的目的是防止包含一个或多个组氨酸的杂质的多点附接,同时保持组氨酸标记的蛋白的结合。(New dextran-coated immobilized metal ion affinitychromatography matrices for prevention of undesired multipoint adsorptions(用于防止不希望的多点吸附的新的涂有葡聚糖的固定化金属离子亲和色谱基质),Journalof Chromatography A,915 (2001) 97-106)。在这种情况下使用四齿IMAC SepharoseHigh Performance (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB),但结果也适用于五齿树脂。
为了评估葡聚糖效应,制作了两个原型。其中一个葡聚糖与LS 018835A偶联,一个对照原型LS018835B,其仅用NaOH处理以水解环氧基团。
步骤1:环氧活化
将约100 ml凝胶的浆料(IMAC Sepharose High Performance)在玻璃滤器上用水(5×1GV)洗涤。然后将凝胶吸干并称量50g到250ml三颈烧瓶中进行环氧活化。然后向烧瓶中加入12ml水并搅拌并开始加热至28℃。在搅拌期间,加入8ml 50%NaOH,然后将浆料在28℃下搅拌约10分钟,然后加入表氯醇(12.5ml),然后搅拌3.5小时。然后在玻璃滤器上用水(6×1GV)洗涤凝胶。对于用于偶联中的环氧化物活化凝胶,环氧基滴定(60分钟滴定,方法018BL5-3)得到环氧化物含量约为16 μmol/ml。
步骤2:葡聚糖偶联步骤原型LS018835A
在Duran烧瓶中在旋转搅拌期间将8g Dextran TF(10% Dx TF)溶解在35.2ml水中历时约3小时。然后将40g来自上文的排出的环氧活化凝胶加入烧瓶中,然后将浆料加热至40℃并旋转搅拌60分钟。然后向烧瓶中加入4.8ml 50%NaOH和0.1g NaBH4,然后在40℃下通过旋转搅拌过夜。用水(10×1GV)洗涤凝胶。
步骤3:NaOH处理环氧活化的凝胶原型LS018835B
将10g来自上文的排出的环氧活化凝胶与8.8ml去离子水一起加入50ml Falcon管中,并摇动成均匀的浆料。然后向管中加入1.2ml 50%NaOH和0.05gNaBH4。然后将管放在振动台上并加热至40℃并振荡过夜。
约18.5小时后,停止反应,在玻璃滤器(p3)上用水(约10×2GV)洗涤浆料。最终树脂用0.1 M硫酸镍加载镍。
方案2:IMAC Sepharose High Performance的表氯醇活化和接着的葡聚糖偶联的通用反应方案
1. 环氧活化
2. 葡聚糖偶联
干重分析
原型的干重使用标准方法(干燥温度120℃)测量。
从表中可以看出,约5mg/ml的葡聚糖已经与介质偶联。对于NaOH处理的B原型,也可以看到干重的小幅增加。
纯度和动态结合容量
如上所述,将约10%的葡聚糖层加入到环氧活化的IMAC Sepharose HighPerformance。样品是在大肠杆菌裂解物中的GFP-His,并使用咪唑进行梯度洗脱。根据色谱图,对于参照物,检测到在280nm下吸光度的前峰,但对于涂有葡聚糖的原型LS018835A则未观察到(未显示)。在490nm处的吸光度缺乏前峰(对GFP-His具有特异性),这表明一定含量的污染物。通过还原SDS-PAGE分析洗脱的样品(图6)。结果表明,与参照物相比,对于涂有葡聚糖的树脂纯度更高,并且环氧活化的树脂LS018835B具有更高的纯度。因此,两种原型都具有明显比参照物更好的纯度性质。

Claims (13)

1.一种IMAC(固定化金属亲和色谱)介质,包含与5-60μm直径的色谱珠粒Q偶联的五齿配体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的IMAC介质,其中所述配体是五齿配体并且所述介质具有下式:
其中
Q是色谱珠粒
S是间隔基
L是酰胺连接键
X是COOH
n=2-3
并且其中,与具有大于60 μm的较大珠粒尺寸的IMAC介质相比,在QB10%处的动态结合容量(DBC)大于两倍。
3.根据权利要求2所述的介质,其中QB10%是至少3倍。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的介质,其中Q是多孔天然或合成聚合物,优选琼脂糖。
5.根据上述权利要求中一项或多项所述的介质,其中Q由琼脂糖制成且Q的直径为30-40 μm。
6.根据上述权利要求中一项或多项所述的介质,其中Q涂有葡聚糖。
7.根据权利要求2-6中一项或多项所述的介质,其中n为2,即,亚乙基且S应当优选为包含至少3个原子的C和O的亲水性链。
8.根据上述权利要求2-7中一项或多项所述的介质,其中Q吸附剂加载有选自Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+、Co2+、Fe3+和Ga3+的金属离子。
9.根据上述权利要求2-8中一项或多项所述的介质,其中Q包含磁性粒子。
10.一种在IMAC介质上纯化生物分子的方法,包括将样品加载到根据上述权利要求中的一项或多项所述的介质上,其中所述样品包含螯合剂,诸如EDTA,并且与常规IMAC介质相比,QB10%处的动态结合容量大于两倍。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述IMAC介质是权利要求2-8中的一项或多项所述的五齿介质并且QB10%是3至6倍。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其中所述生物分子用至少两个,优选至少六个His-残基标记。
13.IMAC介质,其包含与由琼脂糖制成并且包含葡聚糖外层的色谱珠粒偶联的四齿或五齿配体。
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