CN109786866B - Plug-and-play battery module and battery energy storage system - Google Patents
Plug-and-play battery module and battery energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109786866B CN109786866B CN201811402575.0A CN201811402575A CN109786866B CN 109786866 B CN109786866 B CN 109786866B CN 201811402575 A CN201811402575 A CN 201811402575A CN 109786866 B CN109786866 B CN 109786866B
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001672018 Cercomela melanura Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a plug and play battery module and a battery energy storage system, the plug and play battery module comprises: a battery case; the multiple single batteries are packaged in the battery box body, and a connector interface is reserved at the outer side of the battery box body; a Battery Management System (BMS) connected to the plurality of batteries through the connector interface. The battery energy storage system includes: a plurality of the plug-and-play battery modules; the two-way energy storage converters are connected to the power grid and are correspondingly connected with the plug-and-play battery modules one by one; and the energy storage management system (EMS) is connected with the bidirectional energy storage converter and the plug-and-play battery module. The invention improves the flexibility and reliability of the large-scale energy storage system, and the normal operation of other batteries can not be influenced by the fault maintenance of any battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of battery energy storage technologies, and in particular, to a plug and play battery module and a battery energy storage system.
Background
The current large-scale lithium ion battery energy storage system is composed of thousands of small-capacity single batteries which are connected in series and in parallel. The energy storage system is formed by connecting the batteries in series to form a module, then the modules are connected in series to form a battery PACK (PACK), the PACK is connected in series to form a battery cluster, and the container type lithium ion battery energy storage system is formed by connecting a plurality of clusters of batteries in parallel. If the single battery in one of the PACKs is damaged, the whole PACKs need to be replaced, and the voltages among all the PACKs in the cluster need to be balanced again, so that the system has poor flexibility and high maintenance cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a plug and play battery module, comprising:
A battery case;
The multiple single batteries are packaged in the battery box body, and a connector interface is reserved at the outer side of the battery box body;
A Battery Management System (BMS) connected to the plurality of batteries through the connector interface.
Optionally, the connector interface includes an acquisition line interface, an equalization line interface, and a charge-discharge interface.
Optionally, the battery management system is fixed on an outer wall of the battery box.
Optionally, the battery management system includes a plurality of DC/DC circuits connected to the plurality of single batteries in a one-to-one correspondence.
A battery energy storage system comprising:
a plurality of plug-and-play battery modules provided by any one of the embodiments of the present invention;
the two-way energy storage converters are connected to the power grid and are correspondingly connected with the plug-and-play battery modules one by one;
and the energy storage management system (EMS) is connected with the bidirectional energy storage converter and the plug-and-play battery module.
Optionally, the bidirectional energy storage converter comprises a bidirectional DC/DC converter and a bidirectional DC/AC converter; the bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected with the plug-and-play battery module; the bidirectional DC/AC converter is used for being connected with a power grid.
Optionally, the bidirectional energy storage converter comprises a controller, a connector, a communication unit, a grid-connected switch, a power conversion unit and a circuit breaker, wherein the communication unit, the grid-connected switch, the power conversion unit and the circuit breaker are connected with the controller; wherein: the power conversion unit is connected with the grid-connected switch and the circuit breaker; the connector is connected with the grid-connected switch and the circuit breaker.
Optionally, the bidirectional energy storage converter is used for boosting the direct-current electric energy generated by the plug-and-play battery module and inputting the boosted direct-current electric energy into a power grid; and the plug-and-play battery module is also used for rectifying alternating current electric energy generated by the power grid into direct current voltage, reducing the direct current voltage and storing the direct current voltage into the plug-and-play battery module.
Optionally, the energy storage management system is configured to:
acquiring voltage, temperature, current and alarm information of single batteries and the whole module in the plug-and-play battery module; and/or
Managing and controlling the transmission power of the bidirectional energy storage converter; and/or
And detecting information such as voltage, frequency, phase and the like of the power grid, and controlling the bidirectional energy storage converter to be synchronous with the power grid.
Optionally, the energy storage management system is provided with a remote communication interface.
The invention provides a plug-and-play battery module and a battery energy storage system, which simultaneously improve the flexibility and reliability of a large-scale energy storage system, and the normal operation of other batteries can not be influenced by the fault maintenance of any battery pack; in addition, the invention greatly reduces the requirement on the consistency of the single battery, only needs to balance a single-layer BMU in the battery pack, omits the intra-cluster balance and the inter-cluster balance, and greatly reduces the BMS cost.
The features and content of these solutions will be better understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the specification.
Drawings
The advantages and the manner of carrying out the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the content shown is meant to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention in any sense, and wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a plug-and-play battery module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating connection between a battery pack and a BMS balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery energy storage system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a bidirectional energy storage converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit topology of a bidirectional energy storage converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a control block diagram of a bi-directional DC/DC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a plug-and-play battery module, comprising: a battery case 11, a plurality of unit batteries 13, and a Battery Management System (BMS) 17. Wherein:
The plurality of single batteries 13 are connected in series and parallel to form a battery pack 14, and are packaged in a battery box 11, and a connector interface 15 is reserved on the outer side of the battery box. Typically, the battery pack 14 may be formed by several tens of single batteries connected in series-parallel, for example, the battery pack is formed by 32 120Ah lithium iron phosphate batteries, and as shown in fig. 2, the single batteries are combined into 2-16 strings, the open-circuit terminal voltage is 41V-54V, the rated charge-discharge power is 2.5kW, the capacity is 12.5kWh, and the operating voltage is 40 VDC-58.4 VDC.
The battery post is provided with a voltage, temperature acquisition line and an equalization line, the battery is packaged in a metal box body after being connected with a wire harness, a connector interface is reserved, and the battery management system is accessed through the connector interface 15. The connector interface 15 includes an acquisition line interface, an equalization line interface, and a charge-discharge interface.
The battery management system 17 can be connected with an acquisition line interface, an equalization line interface and a charge and discharge interface on the battery box body through connecting wire harnesses. The battery management system 17 can perform intelligent management on the battery pack 14, and the battery management system 17 is configured with various interfaces including power supply, communication, dry contact input/output, acquisition, equalization, insulation detection and the like, so that the voltage, the temperature and the main loop current of each single battery in the battery pack 14 can be acquired, and when the battery has overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature, overcurrent, connection faults and the like, alarm and protection signals are sent out, and the alarm and protection signals are uploaded to an energy storage management system (EMS) or protection isolation measures are implemented. In this embodiment, the battery management system 17 accesses the battery pack collection equalization line to the collection equalization interface of the battery management system 17 through the connection harness, the battery management system 17 can be fixed on the outer wall of the battery box body in a fastening bolt or other manners, and the battery management system 17 is provided with a communication interface for communicating with the energy storage converter and the EMS.
The battery management system 17 includes a plurality of DC/DC circuits 18 connected to a plurality of unit batteries in one-to-one correspondence. That is, the battery management system 17 adds the DC/DC circuit 18 to each unit cell for balancing, and such a design circuit can perform charge-discharge balancing to each unit cell 13 in the battery pack 14 at the same time. The battery management system 17 may determine whether a protection action is required and instruct the bi-directional energy storage converter (PCS) to notify it of the trip protection, and if the PCS does not have the trip protection action, the battery management system 17 performs the trip protection action.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a battery energy storage system, comprising: a plurality of plug and play battery modules, a plurality of bi-directional energy storage converters (PCS) 20, and an energy storage management system (EMS) 30 are provided in any of the embodiments of the present invention. Wherein: the plurality of bidirectional energy storage converters 20 are connected to the power grid and are connected in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of plug-and-play battery modules, more specifically, the bidirectional energy storage converters 20 are connected to the battery management system 17 in the plug-and-play battery modules. The energy storage management system 30 is connected to the battery management system 17 in the bi-directional energy storage converter 20 and the plug and play battery module.
In this embodiment, each plug-and-play battery module and the bidirectional energy storage converter are integrated into a small energy storage system; and then merging the two to the alternating current side of the container energy storage system. A Battery Management System (BMS) in the plug-and-play battery module communicates with the bidirectional energy storage converter, further sends instructions to the charge-discharge PCS when protection action is required, informs the PCS of tripping protection, and if the protection does not act, the PCS trips for protection.
The small energy storage system is integrated in a container, connected in parallel and then connected into a power grid; and an EMS system is also arranged in the container, and can be communicated with the BMS, the energy storage converter and the like to control the power and manage the power input and output of the whole energy storage system. In this way, when the performance of the single battery in the battery pack is attenuated to affect the normal operation of the system, the BMS is only required to balance the single battery in the battery pack or isolate the battery pack. In the specific implementation, 20 groups of 12kWh battery packs, 20 BMS sets and 205 kW bidirectional energy storage converters are adopted, and the three groups correspond to each other one by one; wherein the EMS is provided with 1 set, and other systems such as a thermal management system, a security monitoring system, a fire protection system and the like are also provided.
As shown in fig. 4, the bidirectional energy storage converter 20 includes a controller 51, a connector 58, a communication unit 52 connected to the controller 51, a detection unit 53, a thermal management system 54, a grid-connected switch 57, a power conversion unit 56, a circuit breaker 55, and the like; the power conversion unit 56 is also connected with the grid-connected switch 57 and the circuit breaker 55; the connector 58 is connected to the grid-connected switch 57 and the circuit breaker 55.
The bi-directional energy storage converter 20 may enable power conversion between the battery pack and the grid, and plug and play characteristics via the connector 58. The controller 51 may communicate with the power conversion unit 56, the grid-connected switch 57, the circuit breaker 55, the detection unit 53, the thermal management system 54, and the communication unit 52, issue control instructions, or transmit data; the high power current is transmitted through the connector 58, the circuit breaker 55, the power conversion unit 56, the grid-connected switch 57, and the like.
The bidirectional energy storage converter 20 adopts a multi-stage topology structure and comprises a bidirectional DC/DC converter 21 and a bidirectional DC/AC converter 22 which are connected together. The bidirectional DC/DC converter 21 is connected to a battery pack in the plug-and-play battery module; the battery voltage level conversion is mainly performed to realize matching and butting with the DC side of the inverter, and the bidirectional DC/AC converter 22 is used for connecting with a power grid to complete AC/DC bidirectional conversion of electric energy. The charging of the battery pack takes an alternating current power grid as energy output, a bidirectional DC/AC converter 22 in the bidirectional energy storage converter operates in an active rectification working condition, and the bidirectional DC/DC converter 21 operates in a Buck Buck mode to store power grid energy into the battery; the battery is taken as energy output when discharging, the bidirectional DC/DC converter 21 in the converter operates in Boost mode, the bidirectional DC/AC converter 22 operates in active/passive inversion working condition, and the battery energy is fed to the power grid. A flexible voltage source control technology is embedded in the DC/AC, and a plurality of DC/AC devices can be operated in parallel in a voltage source working mode without parallel wires. It can be seen that the bidirectional energy storage converter 20 can be used to boost the dc power generated by the plug-and-play battery module and then input the boosted dc power into the power grid; and the plug-and-play battery module is also used for rectifying alternating current electric energy generated by the power grid into direct current voltage, reducing the direct current voltage and storing the direct current voltage into the plug-and-play battery module.
In addition, the bidirectional energy storage converter boosts direct current electric energy generated by the battery pack through the DC/DC converter, supplies the direct current electric energy to the DC/AC converter as direct current side input voltage, inverts the direct current electric energy and inputs the direct current electric energy into a power grid. Otherwise, alternating current electric energy generated by the power grid is rectified into direct current voltage through a DC/AC converter, and the direct current voltage is reduced through the DC/DC converter, so that charging voltage of the battery pack is obtained. The operating voltage of the battery pack through the DC/DC conversion can be operated in a wide range.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit topology of the bidirectional energy storage converter. According to the circuit function classification, the circuit functions and design basis of each stage from a battery end to an alternating current power grid side are as follows: the direct current buffer circuit plays a role in buffering and current limiting in the battery PACK charging; an ac buffer circuit for suppressing a charging ac side start-up rush current; the main power circuit is used as an energy conversion unit of the system, the DC/DC circuit is responsible for matching the interface voltage of a battery and the bus side of an inverter and inhibiting charging current, a half-bridge (Buck/Boost) non-isolated topological structure is adopted, a high-frequency transformer is contained, the DC/AC circuit is responsible for stabilizing the bus voltage, adjusting the power factor and harmonic wave of an alternating current side and controlling discharge power during discharge, and a three-phase half-bridge topology and an LCL filter form a DC/AC part of the converter; the three-phase isolation transformer plays roles in electric isolation and voltage transformation, and adopts a grid side star-shaped and PCS side triangle connection method, so that the three-phase isolation transformer has the electric isolation function and cannot enter a power grid; the LCL filter suppresses harmonic waves at the grid side of the converter, improves grid-connected quality, adopts an LCL structure, and the inductance at the grid side of the LCL filter is designed in the isolation transformer and is equal to leakage inductance of the LCL filter.
The PCS control comprises grid-connected DC/AC converter control and DC/DC converter link control, and the grid-connected converter adopts SVPWM control technology; the bidirectional DC/DC converter adopts double closed-loop control, and compared with a constant current mode, a voltage outer loop is added, and a control block diagram is shown in figure 6. The method comprises the steps of firstly collecting an actual value of a middle direct current side voltage U dc, comparing the actual value with a command voltage value to obtain a command current, then comparing the collected actual value i L of the inductor current with the current command value to generate a current error signal, calculating a corresponding duty ratio, and finally generating PWM pulses.
The operation state of the bidirectional energy storage converter 20 is divided into a voltage source operation mode (V/F source) and a current source operation mode (PQ source). In the V/F source working mode, the bidirectional energy storage converter provides auxiliary services such as frequency modulation, voltage regulation and the like for the power grid. In the working mode of the PQ source, the bidirectional energy storage converter receives active P and reactive Q sent/absorbed according to an EMS dispatching instruction.
The energy storage management system 30 is a control center of the energy storage system, and is in communication with the BMS to acquire voltage, temperature, current and alarm information of the single battery and the whole battery pack in the battery pack; on the other hand, communicates with the bi-directional energy storage converters 20, managing and controlling the transmission power of each bi-directional energy storage converter; in addition, the EMS detects information such as voltage, frequency, phase and the like of the power grid through a specific detection device, controls the bidirectional energy storage converter to be synchronous with the power grid, and ensures that the container energy storage system runs in a grid-connected mode according to the related power industry standard requirements.
The energy storage management system 30 is also provided with a remote communication interface for communicating with the energy storage power station control center and accepting system energy scheduling.
And the interior BMS, PCS, EMS of the energy storage system can use a DC48V switching power supply with uniform specification and a battery pack end to jointly supply power, so that the plug and play requirement of the system is met, and the system has a black start function after being separated from a power grid.
The invention provides a plug-and-play battery module, which has the advantages that the requirement on the consistency of single batteries is greatly reduced, only a single-layer BMU is needed to be balanced in a battery pack, the in-cluster balance and the inter-cluster balance are omitted, and the BMS cost is greatly reduced.
The invention provides a battery energy storage system, which is integrated into a small energy storage system by adopting a plug-and-play battery module and a bidirectional energy storage converter; then merging the two machines to the alternating current side of the container energy storage system; when the performance of the single battery in the battery pack is attenuated to influence the normal operation of the system, the BMS is only required to balance the single battery in the battery pack or isolate the battery pack, so that the flexibility and the reliability can be remarkably improved. The invention increases the flexibility of energy storage system design, construction and maintenance, not only increases the system reliability, but also reduces the system maintenance cost.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications are possible in carrying out the invention without departing from the scope and spirit thereof. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. The foregoing description and drawings are merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims, but rather to cover all modifications within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A plug and play battery module, comprising:
A battery case;
The battery pack is packaged in the battery box body, and a connector interface is reserved at the outer side of the battery box body;
the battery management system BMS is used for balancing each single battery in the battery pack at the same time, and comprises a plurality of DC/DC circuits which are connected with the single batteries in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
The battery management system is provided with a communication interface for communicating with the PCS and the EMS of the bidirectional energy storage converter; the battery management system is used for judging whether a protection action is needed or not, sending a tripping protection action instruction to the PCS, and executing tripping protection action when the PCS does not have the tripping protection action;
the battery management system is fixed on the outer wall of the battery box body and is connected with the batteries through the connector interface; the connector interface comprises an acquisition line interface, an equalization line interface and a charge-discharge interface.
2. A battery energy storage system, comprising:
A plurality of the plug-and-play battery modules of claim 1;
the two-way energy storage converters are connected to the power grid and are correspondingly connected with the plug-and-play battery modules one by one;
Each plug-and-play battery module and the corresponding bidirectional energy storage converter are integrated into a small energy storage system, and the small energy storage systems are connected in parallel; the battery management system, the battery pack and the bidirectional energy storage converter are in one-to-one correspondence;
and the energy storage management system is connected with the bidirectional energy storage converter and the plug-and-play battery module.
3. The battery energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the bi-directional energy storage converter comprises a bi-directional DC/DC converter and a bi-directional DC/AC converter; the bidirectional DC/DC converter is connected with the plug-and-play battery module; the bidirectional DC/AC converter is used for being connected with a power grid.
4. The battery energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the bi-directional energy storage converter comprises a controller, a connector, and a communication unit, a grid-connected switch, a power conversion unit, a circuit breaker connected to the controller; wherein: the power conversion unit is connected with the grid-connected switch and the circuit breaker; the connector is connected with the grid-connected switch and the circuit breaker.
5. The battery energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the bi-directional energy storage converter is configured to boost dc power generated by the plug-and-play battery module and input the boosted dc power into a power grid; and the plug-and-play battery module is also used for rectifying alternating current electric energy generated by the power grid into direct current voltage, reducing the direct current voltage and storing the direct current voltage into the plug-and-play battery module.
6. The battery energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the energy storage management system is configured to:
acquiring voltage, temperature, current and alarm information of single batteries and the whole module in the plug-and-play battery module; and/or
Managing and controlling the transmission power of the bidirectional energy storage converter; and/or
And detecting voltage, frequency and phase information of the power grid, and controlling the bidirectional energy storage converter to be synchronous with the power grid.
7. The battery energy storage system of claim 2, wherein the energy storage management system is provided with a remote communication interface.
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| CN112736346A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-30 | 江苏多益能源科技有限公司 | Miniature energy storage structure |
| CN111490555A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-08-04 | 许继集团有限公司 | A bidirectional converter control method and device |
| CN111354991B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2024-06-18 | 南京国电南自新能源科技有限公司 | Battery maintenance system and method and micro-grid system capable of maintaining battery on line |
| CN113852205A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-12-28 | 江苏多益能源科技有限公司 | High-performance plug-and-play micro-grid energy storage system |
| CN111725875A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-09-29 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A modular decentralized water-cooled battery energy storage system |
| CN111740475A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-02 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | A single-stage transformation decentralized battery energy storage system |
| CN112467769A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-09 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Modularized pre-installed energy storage system |
| CN113783252B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2024-04-16 | 四川科陆新能电气有限公司 | A virtual internal resistance regulating device for balancing between battery clusters |
| CN121263371A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2026-01-02 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Container, energy storage device, energy storage system and charging network |
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| CN108565509B (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2021-11-30 | 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 | Energy storage system |
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