Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least to some extent one of the technical problems in the above-described technology. Therefore, the bending machine provided by the invention has good flexibility, can be suitable for bending workpieces with various sizes, can automatically adjust the feeding position according to different information such as the width and the thickness of the workpieces, and can automatically bend the workpieces.
The bending machine comprises a feeding device, a transition clamping device, a clamping device and a bending device which are sequentially arranged;
The feeding device is provided with a first moving part and two roller shaft groups, the two roller shaft groups are oppositely arranged and connected with the first moving part, and the first moving part is used for driving the two roller shaft groups to move oppositely so as to define a channel for conveying workpieces;
the transition clamping device is provided with a first clamp and a second moving part, the first clamp is connected with the second moving part, and the second moving part is used for driving the first clamp to reciprocate between the feeding device and the clamping device so as to convey the workpiece;
The clamping device is provided with a second clamp, and the second clamp clamps the workpiece at the position where the workpiece is to be bent so that the part to be bent on the workpiece passes through the second clamp;
the bending device comprises a bending die rod and a third moving part, wherein the bending die rod is used for feeding towards the workpiece to apply acting force to a part to be bent on the workpiece so that the part to be bent on the workpiece is bent at a bending angle relative to a clamping position, and the third moving part is connected with the bending die rod to drive the bending die rod to feed.
According to the bending machine, automatic bending processing of workpieces is achieved through cooperation of the feeding device, the transition clamping device, the clamping device and the bending device, the first moving part drives the two roller shaft groups to move oppositely, a channel defined by the two roller shaft groups can be flexibly centered and adjusted according to thickness parameters of the workpieces, feeding positions are automatically adjusted, the second moving part drives the first clamp to convey the workpieces, the bending machine is suitable for processing of the workpieces with various sizes, and automatic bending operation of the workpieces is achieved through the clamping device and the bending device.
In addition, the bending machine provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following additional technical characteristics:
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first moving part comprises a bidirectional screw rod and a motor for driving the bidirectional screw rod to rotate, one roll shaft group of the two roll shaft groups is connected with the positive thread end of the bidirectional screw rod, and the other roll shaft group is connected with the negative thread end of the bidirectional screw rod. The two-way screw rod can enable the two roller shaft groups to move in opposite directions under the drive of the motor.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the bidirectional screw rod is a trapezoidal screw rod. The trapezoidal screw rod has self-locking property, and can ensure stable clamping of workpieces.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first moving member further includes a sliding guide bar, the sliding guide bar is disposed parallel to the bidirectional screw rod, and the sliding guide bar is slidably connected to the two roller shaft groups.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first clamp comprises two clamping plates and two air cylinders, wherein the two clamping plates are arranged in opposite directions and are connected with the two air cylinders in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the two air cylinders are used for driving the two clamping plates to move so as to clamp or loosen the workpiece. The first clamp formed by the two air cylinders and the two clamping plates can perform flexible centering and stable clamping according to the thickness parameters of the workpiece.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second moving part comprises a mounting plate, a trapezoidal screw rod and a sliding guide rod, wherein the trapezoidal screw rod and the sliding guide rod are arranged in parallel, one side of the mounting plate is connected with the trapezoidal screw rod, the other side of the mounting plate is connected with the sliding guide rod, the trapezoidal screw rod is used for driving the mounting plate to slide on the sliding guide rod, and the second clamp is arranged on the mounting plate.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the clamping device further comprises a fourth moving part connected with the second clamp to drive the second clamp to move close to or away from the bending device.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the second clamp comprises a mounting seat, a first hydraulic cylinder, two wedge blocks and a first sliding block arranged in the mounting seat, wherein a wedge groove is formed in the first sliding block, the inclined surfaces of the two wedge blocks are connected with the inclined surfaces of the wedge groove in a sliding manner, the planes of the two wedge blocks are arranged oppositely to define a clamping opening, the first hydraulic cylinder is connected with the first sliding block to drive the first sliding block to slide in the mounting seat, and the first sliding block drives the two wedge blocks to slide on the wedge groove so as to open or close the clamping opening. The second clamp utilizes the structure of the two wedge blocks to enable the clamp to be compact in structure, large in reinforcement ratio and large in generated clamping force, in addition, the clamps of the two wedge blocks can flexibly adjust according to the thickness of a workpiece and play a role in blocking materials when the two wedge blocks are closed, and therefore when the workpiece is released after being blocked, the system starts to detect and collect the moving length of the workpiece, and accordingly the two wedge blocks are automatically controlled to clamp the workpiece at the position to be bent.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the bending device comprises a lifting driving assembly, the lifting driving assembly is connected with the bending die rod to drive the bending die rod to move in a lifting mode between a first height position and a second height position, when the bending die rod is located at the first height position, the third moving component drives the bending die rod to feed, when the bending die rod is located at the second height position, the third moving component drives the bending die rod to move from a first side to a second side of a part to be bent on the workpiece, and the first side is away from the second side. The setting of lift drive assembly realizes the multiple demand of bending to the work piece.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the bending machine further comprises a discharging conveying line, the discharging conveying line comprises a universal ball conveyor and a lifting pushing device, the universal ball conveyor is provided with a universal ball group, a supporting plate and a linear motor, the supporting plate is arranged on the universal ball group in a swinging mode to receive a workpiece processed by the bending device, the linear motor is connected with the supporting plate through a connecting plate, and the lifting pushing device is arranged on the side of the universal ball conveyor to push the workpiece on the supporting plate into a finished product collecting position.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bending machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of a bending machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a feeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a feed device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a transitional clamping device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a clamping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a clamping device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a portion of a outfeed conveyor line according to an embodiment of the invention;
Reference numerals illustrate:
Bending machine 1;
The feeding device 10, the first moving part 11, the bidirectional screw rod 111, the second motor 112, the first sliding guide rod 113, the roll shaft group 12, the driving roll shaft group 121, the driven roll shaft group 122, the first motor 123 and the support 124;
the transition clamping device 20, the first clamp 21, the clamping plate 211, the air cylinder 212, the second moving part 22, the mounting plate 221, the second trapezoidal screw 222, the second sliding guide rod 223, the third motor 224 and the first mounting seat 23;
the clamping device 30, the second clamp 31, the second mounting seat 311, the first hydraulic cylinder 312, the wedge block 313, the first sliding block 314, the wedge groove 3141, the clamping opening 315, the fourth moving part 32, the third trapezoidal screw 321, the third sliding guide rod 322 and the fourth motor 323;
bending device 40, bending die rod 41, third moving part 42, second hydraulic cylinder 421, guide rail 422, second slider 423, lifting driving assembly 43, rack 431, fifth motor 432, gear 433;
the device comprises a discharging conveying line 50, a universal ball conveyor 51, a universal ball group 511, a supporting plate 512, a linear motor 513, a first connecting plate 514, a lifting pushing device 52, a pushing piece 521, a pushing cylinder 522, a lifting cylinder 523 and a second connecting plate 524.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In order that the above-described aspects may be better understood, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Bending machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the control system in this embodiment is programmed through the control panel, and since the programmable control system is the prior art, it is not described in detail here.
Referring to fig. 1-8, a bending machine 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The bending machine 1 is used for automatically bending workpieces such as busbar, wherein the workpieces take busbar as an example. In general, since the busbar is required to be bent at a bending angle in the longitudinal direction, the busbar is transported and bent in a state of being erected in the lateral direction in the bending machine 1. According to the bending machine 1 provided by the embodiment of the invention, the feeding, positioning and bending positions and bending of the busbar with various sizes can be fully automatically completed, and the feeding positions of the busbar can be automatically adjusted, so that the fully-automatic bending processing of the busbar with flexibility is realized. The bending machine 1 comprises a feeding device 10, a transition clamping device 20, a clamping device 30, a bending device 40 and a discharging conveying line 50 which are sequentially arranged. It will be appreciated that the feeding device 10, the transitional clamping device 20, the clamping device 30, the bending device 40 and the discharging conveyor line 50 are arranged according to the processing sequence of feeding, conveying, bending and the like of the busbar, so that the bending machine 1 has a series of automatic action processes of automatic feeding, automatic bending, automatic discharging and the like.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2-4, the feeding device 10 includes a first moving member 11 and two roller sets 12, the two roller sets 12 are disposed opposite to each other and connected to the first moving member 11, and the first moving member 11 is configured to drive the two roller sets 12 to move toward each other to define a channel for conveying the busbar. Thus, by moving the two roll shafts 12 towards each other, the channel for conveying the busbar can be flexibly centered according to the thickness parameter of the busbar, and the feeding position in the centering is always adjusted so as to automatically adjust the feeding position of the busbar.
The two roller sets 12 may include a driving roller set 121, a driven roller set 122, and a first motor 123, where the driving roller set 121 is powered by the first motor 123, and drives each roller in the driving roller set 121 to rotate through a gear transmission structure. It will be appreciated that the two roller sets 12 are each formed by a plurality of rollers arranged side by side and mounted via the support 124, and that the support 124 is mounted on the first movable member 11 such that the two roller sets 12 are connected to the first movable member 11. The first moving part 11 may include a bi-directional screw 111 and a second motor 112 for driving the bi-directional screw 111 to rotate, one of the two roller sets 12 (e.g., the driving roller set 121) is connected to a positive threaded end of the bi-directional screw 111, and the other roller set (e.g., the driven roller set 122) is connected to a negative threaded end of the bi-directional screw 111. In this way, the bi-directional screw 111 can move the two roller shaft sets 12 toward each other under the driving of the second motor 123. It can be understood that the second motor 123 drives the bi-directional screw rod 111 to rotate, and the bi-directional screw rod 111 drives the two roller shaft groups 12 at the front and back threaded ends to move oppositely to clamp the busbar, and moves reversely to loosen the busbar. When the two roller sets 12 clamp the busbar, the first motor 123 drives the driving roller set 121 to rotate, so that the driving roller set 121 and the driven roller set 122 together drive the busbar to move to the next station.
Further, the bidirectional screw rod 111 can be a first trapezoidal screw rod, and the first trapezoidal screw rod has self-locking property and can ensure stable centering and clamping of the busbar. In addition, the first moving part 11 may further include a first sliding guide 113, the first sliding guide 113 is disposed parallel to the bi-directional screw rod 111, and the first sliding guide 113 is slidably connected with the two-roller shaft group 113, so that the bi-directional screw rod 111 has stability when driving the two-roller shaft group 12 to move.
Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the transitional clamping device 20 has a first clamp 21 and a second moving part 22, the first clamp 21 is connected to the second moving part 22, and the second moving part 22 is used for driving the first clamp 21 to reciprocate between the feeding device 10 and the clamping device 30 to convey the busbar. In this way, by the transition arrangement of the transition clamping device 20 between the feeding device 10 and the clamping device 30, the shorter busbar can be transferred from the feeding device 10 to the clamping device 30, and meanwhile, the busbar clamped by the transition clamping device 20 can also push out the finished product piece after bending at the clamping device 30, and the bending device 40 is pushed into the discharging conveying line 50.
The first clamp 21 may include two clamping plates 211 and two air cylinders 212, wherein the two clamping plates 211 are disposed opposite to each other and are connected to the two air cylinders 212 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the two air cylinders 212 are used for driving the two clamping plates 211 to move to clamp or unclamp the busbar. It will be appreciated that the two cylinders 212 drive the two clamping plates 211 to move in opposite directions to clamp the busbar by the telescopic piston rods, and move in opposite directions to release the busbar. In this way, the first clamp 21 formed by the two cylinders 212 and the two clamping plates 211 can perform flexible centering clamping according to the thickness parameters of the busbar. In this embodiment, the cylinder 212 may be a dual-axis cylinder, which may enable the two clamping plates 211 to flexibly center and stably clamp the thickness parameters of the busbar.
In addition, the second moving part 22 may include a mounting plate 221, and a second acme bar 222 and a second sliding guide bar 223 disposed parallel to each other, one side of the mounting plate 221 is connected to the second acme bar 222, the other side is connected to the second sliding guide bar 223, the second acme bar 222 is used for driving the mounting plate 221 to slide on the second sliding guide bar 223, and the first clamp 21 is disposed on the mounting plate 221. It will be appreciated that the second moving member 22 may be integrally mounted on the first mounting base 23, where the side surface of the mounting plate 221 is slidably connected to the first mounting base 23, and thus, the second acme screw 222 may be driven by the third motor 224 to drive the mounting plate 221 to slide on the second sliding guide 223, so that the first fixture 21 on the mounting plate 221 may clamp the busbar to move along the second sliding guide 223, and further, the first fixture 21 may reciprocate between the feeding device 10 and the clamping device 30 to convey the busbar.
Referring to fig. 2, 6 and 7, the clamping device 30 has a second clamp 31, and the second clamp 31 clamps the busbar at a position where the busbar is to be bent so that a portion to be bent on the busbar passes through the second clamp 31. The bending device 40 includes a bending die bar 41 and a third moving member 42, the bending die bar 41 is used for feeding toward the busbar to apply a force to the portion to be bent on the busbar, so that the portion to be bent on the busbar is bent at a bending angle relative to the clamping position, and the third moving member 42 is connected with the bending die bar 41 to drive the bending die bar 41 to feed. In this way, the clamping device 30 is used for positioning the to-be-bent position of the busbar and clamping the to-be-bent position of the busbar, the bending device 40 applies a force to the to-be-bent part of the busbar and then is matched with the second clamp 31 to clamp the to-be-bent position of the busbar, so that the to-be-bent part of the busbar is bent at a bending angle relative to the clamping position, and the bending processing of the busbar is realized.
The second fixture 31 may include a second mounting seat 311, a first hydraulic cylinder 312, two wedge blocks 313, and a first slider 314 mounted in the second mounting seat 311, wherein the first slider 314 is provided with a wedge groove 3141, inclined surfaces of the two wedge blocks 313 are slidably connected with inclined surfaces of the wedge groove 3141, and planes of the two wedge blocks 313 are opposite to each other to define a clamping opening 315, the first hydraulic cylinder 312 is connected with the first slider 314 to drive the first slider 314 to slide in the second mounting seat 311, and the first slider 314 drives the two wedge blocks 313 to slide on the wedge groove 3141 to open or close the clamping opening 315. It will be appreciated that, due to the restriction of the second mounting seat 311, when the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 312 is extended upward, the first slider 314 is moved upward, the two wedge blocks 313 are moved toward each other in a centered manner to clamp the busbar, and when the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 312 is retracted downward, the first slider 314 is moved downward, and the two wedge blocks 313 are moved in a reversed manner to unclamp the busbar. In this way, the second clamp 31 utilizes the two wedge blocks to make the clamp compact in structure, large in reinforcement ratio and large in generated clamping force, in addition, the clamps of the two wedge blocks 313 can perform flexible centering adjustment according to the thickness of the busbar, when the two wedge blocks 313 move towards each other to be close to each other in centering, the two wedge blocks 313 play a role in blocking the busbar which is not clamped by the clamping device 30, and when the busbar is blocked and released, the system can start to detect and collect the moving length of the busbar, so that the two wedge blocks 313 clamp the busbar at the position to be bent, and the automatic positioning bending device of the busbar is realized.
Further, the clamping device 30 further comprises a fourth moving member 32, wherein the fourth moving member 32 is connected to the second clamp 31 to drive the second clamp 31 to move closer to or further away from the bending device 40. Therefore, the distance between the second clamp 31 and the rear bending device 40 can be flexibly adjusted according to the thickness of the busbar, so that the busbar with different thickness can be effectively bent by using the bending machine 1. In the present embodiment, the fourth moving member 32 may include a third acme bar 321 and a third sliding guide bar 322 disposed parallel to each other, one side of the second mounting seat 311 is connected to the third acme bar 321, the other side is connected to the third sliding guide bar 322, and the third acme bar 321 is used for driving the second mounting seat 311 to slide on the third sliding guide bar 322. It can be appreciated that the fourth moving member 32 may be integrally mounted on the supporting seat 33, where the side surface of the second mounting seat 311 is slidably connected with the supporting seat 33, so that the third trapezoidal screw rod 321 may drive the second mounting seat 311 to slide on the third sliding guide rod 322 under the driving of the fourth motor 323, so that two wedge blocks 313 on the second mounting seat 311 may clamp the busbar to move along the third sliding guide rod 322, and further flexibly adjust the interval between the second clamp 31 and the following bending device 40 according to the thickness of the busbar, so that the busbar with different thicknesses can be effectively bent by using the bending machine 1.
In addition, referring to fig. 1, the feeding device 10, the transition clamping device 20 and the clamping device 30 may be all arranged transversely to push the busbar in the transverse direction, and the bending device 40 may be arranged longitudinally to enable the bending die bar 41 to feed longitudinally, so as to apply a force to the portion of the busbar to be bent. The third moving part 42 may include a second hydraulic cylinder 421, a guide rail 422 and a second slider 423, where the bending die rod 41 is vertically disposed on the second slider 423, the second slider 423 is slidably connected to the guide rail 422, and the second hydraulic cylinder 421 is connected to the second slider 423 to drive the second slider 423 to reciprocate on the guide rail 422, so as to feed the bending die rod 41. It can be understood that the stroke control of the second hydraulic cylinder 421 by the control system can control the bending die rod 41 to longitudinally move back and forth so as to bend the busbar, and the expansion degree of the second hydraulic cylinder 421 can enable the bending die rod 41 to adjust the bending angle required by the busbar. In this way, the clamping device 30 clamps the busbar at the position to be bent of the busbar, and the bending device 40 is matched to feed and bend the part to be bent of the busbar, so that the busbar is subjected to bending processing.
Further, to improve the versatility of the bending machine 1, in this embodiment, the bending device 40 further includes a lifting driving assembly 43, where the lifting driving assembly 43 is connected to the bending die bar 41 to drive the bending die bar 41 to move up and down between a first height position and a second height position, and when the bending die bar 41 is located at the first height position, the third moving component 42 drives the bending die bar 41 to feed, and when the bending die bar 41 is located at the second height position, the third moving component 42 drives the bending die bar 41 to move from a first side a to a second side B of the busbar portion to be bent, where the first side a is opposite to the second side B. Specifically, the lifting driving assembly 43 may include a rack 431 disposed on the bending die bar 41 and a gear 433 disposed on the fifth motor 432, such that the fifth motor 432 drives the gear 433 to rotate, thereby driving the rack 431 to move, and the bending die bar 41 moves up and down between the first height position and the second height position. It will be appreciated that when the bending die bar 41 is at the first side a and the second side B of the busbar is required to be bent at an angle, the lifting driving assembly 43 drives the bending die bar 41 to move to the first height position, and then the third moving component 42 drives the bending die bar 41 to feed to the first side a of the busbar, so that the busbar is bent at an angle to the second side B. When the bending die rod 41 is at the first side a, and the first side a of the busbar needs to be bent at the angle, the lifting driving component 43 drives the bending die rod 41 to move to the second height position, then the third moving component 42 drives the bending die rod 41 to move to the second side B, then the lifting driving component 43 drives the bending die rod 41 to move to the first height position again, and finally the third moving component 42 drives the bending die rod 41 to feed to the second side B of the busbar, so that the busbar is bent at the angle to the first side a. Therefore, the design requirement that both the front side and the back side of the busbar can be bent can be met, and various types of busbars can be bent and processed.
Referring to fig. 1 and 8, the discharging conveyor line 50 includes a universal ball conveyor 51 and a lifting pushing device 52, the universal ball conveyor 51 has a universal ball set 511, a supporting plate 512 and a linear motor 513, the supporting plate 512 is swingably arranged on the universal ball set 511 to receive the busbar processed by the bending device 40, the linear motor 513 is connected to the supporting plate 513 through a first connecting plate 514, and it can be understood that when the busbar is bent, the busbar is pushed onto the supporting plate 512, and the supporting plate 512 can longitudinally move according to the left-right shaping swing of the busbar during bending due to the effect of the universal ball set 511 under the supporting plate 512. In addition, the lifting pushing device 52 is disposed at a side of the universal ball conveyor 51 to push the busbar on the pallet 512 into the collection place of the finished product, so as to facilitate the collection and classification of the finished product. It can be understood that the lifting pushing device 52 includes a pushing member 521, a pushing cylinder 522 and a lifting cylinder 523, wherein the pushing member 521 is connected with a piston rod of the pushing cylinder 522, the busbar on the pallet 512 is pushed into the finished product collecting position by the expansion and contraction of the piston rod in the pushing cylinder 522, and the lifting cylinder 523 is connected with the pushing cylinder 522 by a second connecting plate 524 to drive the lifting movement of the pushing cylinder 522, so that the pushing member 521 and the pushing cylinder 522 can be lifted up when working and lowered when not working, and the busbar cannot be interfered by the pushing member 521 in space in the bending process.
Like this, through ejection of compact transfer chain 50 for bender 1 carries the busbar that processes to the finished product collection department, and then makes the automatic bending processing that carries out of whole bender 1 busbar.
The bending machine 1 realizes automatic bending processing of the busbar by utilizing cooperation of the feeding device 10, the transition clamping device 20, the clamping device 30, the bending device 40 and the discharging conveying line 50, drives the two roller shaft groups 12 to move oppositely through the first moving part 11, enables a channel defined by the two roller shaft groups 12 to flexibly center and adjust according to thickness parameters of the busbar, further automatically adjusts a feeding position, drives the first clamp 21 to convey the busbar through the second moving part 22, enables the bending machine 1 to be suitable for processing of the busbar with various sizes, realizes automatic bending operation of the busbar through the clamping device 30 and the bending device 40, and realizes automatic discharging of the processed busbar to a finished product collecting place through the transition clamping device 20 and the discharging conveying line 50.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements or in an interaction relationship between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms should not be understood as necessarily being directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Further, one skilled in the art can engage and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.