CN109765502A - A kind of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads - Google Patents
A kind of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads, belong to power supply test technical field, solve the problems, such as that existing DC Electronic Loads cannot be considered in terms of response speed and control precision and limit itself control precision because of conducting wire partial pressure and further increase.The electronic load: hardware controls part includes PID Isobarically Control module and PID constant-current control module, adjusts the driving signal to power tube parallel module in real time with the difference in magnitude of reference signal based on the feedback signal.Software control part realizes that main control module adjusts control signal in real time with the difference in magnitude of desired signal based on the feedback signal based on main control module.The electronic load uses four-wire system power supply wiring method to be measured, the anode of power supply i.e. to be measured is connected with the current input terminal of power tube parallel module, the current output terminal of power tube parallel module is connected through current sampling resistor with the cathode of power supply to be measured, the first voltage sampling resistor and second voltage sampling resistor after series connection and power sources in parallel to be measured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electronic loads, belong to power supply test technical field.
Background technique
Load can be used to the test of power supply, and there are many deficiencies, examples for the conventional loads such as resistor and slide rheostat
It is such as not easy to generate temperature drift when dynamic regulation and logical upper high current and export while power supply constant pressure or constant current cannot be made.Cause
This, electronic load is more and more widely used.Existing DC Electronic Loads generally use the closed loop being made of hardware
Negative feedback loop or the conduction amount that power tube is controlled based on the close loop negative feedback circuit of software realization, to realize the perseverance of power supply
Pressure or constant current output.However, although the existing DC Electronic Loads based on hardware closed-loop negative feedback loop have faster ring
Speed is answered, but its control precision is lower.Although the existing DC Electronic Loads based on software close loop negative feedback circuit have compared with
High control precision, but its response speed is slower.On the other hand, due to have on the conducting wire between power supply to be measured and power tube compared with
Big partial pressure also reduces the control precision of existing DC Electronic Loads to a certain extent.In order to solve asking for conducting wire partial pressure
Topic, generally requires to carry out cumbersome software compensation.When the conducting wire difference used in the DC Electronic Loads, compensating parameter need to be marked again
It is fixed.In addition to this, the effect of software compensation is had a greatly reduced quality due to being easy is influenced by conducting wire temperature drift.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing DC Electronic Loads to cannot be considered in terms of response speed and control precision and because conducting wire divides
And the problem of itself control precision further increases is limited, propose a kind of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads of the present invention include main control module, power tube parallel module, PID Isobarically Control mould
Block, PID constant-current control module, voltage conditioning module, current regulating module, filter module, access control module, first voltage are adopted
Sample resistance, second voltage sampling resistor and current sampling resistor；
The anode of power supply to be measured is connected with the current input terminal of power tube parallel module, and the electric current of power tube parallel module is defeated
Outlet is connected through current sampling resistor with the cathode of power supply to be measured；
First voltage sampling resistor is connected with second voltage sampling resistor, the first voltage sampling resistor and second after series connection
Voltage sample resistance and power sources in parallel to be measured；
The common end of first voltage sampling resistor and second voltage sampling resistor through voltage conditioning module simultaneously with PID constant pressure
The feedback voltage signal input terminal of control module is connected with the feedback voltage signal input terminal of main control module；
The common end of power tube parallel module and current sampling resistor through current regulating module simultaneously with PID current constant control mould
The fed-back current signals input terminal of block is connected with the fed-back current signals input terminal of main control module；
The control signal output of main control module is through filter module while the reference voltage signal with PID Isobarically Control module
Input terminal is connected with the reference current signal input terminal of PID constant-current control module；
When power supply to be measured is DC current source, main control module control access control module makes PID Isobarically Control module
Driving signal output end is connected with the driving signal input of power tube parallel module, according to the preset program-controlled DC electronic
The operating mode of load calculates initial control signal, and according to the difference in magnitude of feedback voltage signal and preset expectation voltage signal
The signal of adjustment control in real time, to realize closed-loop control on software view；
When power supply to be measured is DC voltage source, main control module control access control module makes PID constant-current control module
Driving signal is connected with the driving signal input of power tube parallel module, according to the preset program-controlled DC Electronic Loads
Operating mode calculates initial control signal, and is adjusted in real time according to the difference in magnitude of fed-back current signals and preset expectation electric current signal
Whole control signal, to realize closed-loop control on software view；
PID Isobarically Control module for adjusting driving according to the difference in magnitude of feedback voltage signal and reference voltage signal in real time
Signal, to realize closed-loop control on hardware view；
PID constant-current control module for adjusting driving according to the difference in magnitude of fed-back current signals and reference current signal in real time
Signal, to realize closed-loop control on hardware view.
As preferably, when power supply to be measured be DC current source when, the operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads
Including constant voltage mode, constant-resistance mode and constant power mode；
When power supply to be measured be DC voltage source when, the operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads include constant current mode,
Constant-resistance mode and constant power mode.
As preferably, main control module is also used to the amplitude in feedback voltage signal beyond preset voltage signal safety
When the amplitude of limit value or fed-back current signals exceeds preset current signal safety limit, control access control module makes power tube
Parallel module stops receiving driving signal.
As preferably, the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include temperature monitoring module, are used for real-time detection power
The operating temperature of pipe parallel module, and when the operating temperature of power tube parallel module exceeds operating temperature safety limit, pass through
Main control module control access control module makes power tube parallel module stop receiving driving signal.
As preferably, the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include alarm module, in feedback voltage signal
Amplitude exceeds preset current signal safety limit beyond the amplitude of preset voltage signal safety limit or fed-back current signals
When, and when the operating temperature of power tube parallel module exceeds operating temperature safety limit, the report sent according to main control module
Alert signal issues alarm sound.
As preferably, the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include key module, are connected with main control module, for setting
The operating mode and running parameter of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads are set, running parameter includes voltage, electric current, resistance and power.
As preferably, the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include RS232 communication module, and main control module passes through
RS232 communication module is connected with host computer, and host computer is used to be arranged operating mode and the work of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads
Parameter.
As preferably, the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include display module, are connected with main control module, for showing
Show the operating mode of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads, the running parameter of setting, actual running parameter and the power tube simultaneously
The operating temperature of gang mould block.
As preferably, the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include analog-to-digital conversion module, voltage conditioning module and electricity
Stream conditioning module passes through analog-to-digital conversion module and is connected with main control module.
As preferably, it is true that P, I, D parameter of PID Isobarically Control module and PID constant-current control module pass through emulation
It is fixed, the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads non-overshoot and rise time is most short in the state of determining P, I, D parameter.
As preferably, power tube parallel module includes 4 power tubes, and power tube is the field-effect of IRFP2907 model
Pipe.
As preferably, PID constant-current control module include operational amplifier U1, diode D1, resistance R1, resistance R2,
Resistance R3, capacitor C1 and capacitor C2；
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected with the first end of resistance R1, the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1
It is connected simultaneously with the first end of the first end of resistance R2, the first end of capacitor C1 and capacitor C2, the second end and resistance of capacitor C1
The first end of R3 is connected, the output end of operational amplifier U1 while second end and capacitor with the anode of diode D1, resistance R3
The second end of C2 is connected；
The cathode of the second end of resistance R1, the second end of resistance R2 and diode D1 is respectively PID constant-current control module
Reference current signal input terminal, fed-back current signals input terminal and driving signal output end；
The resistance value of the capacitance of capacitor C1, the capacitance of capacitor C2 and resistance R3 is respectively P, I, D ginseng of PID constant-current control module
Number；
P, I, D parameter of PID constant-current control module are respectively 1uF, 1nF, 10k Ω.
As preferably, PID Isobarically Control module include operational amplifier U2, diode D2, resistance R4, resistance R5,
Resistance R6, capacitor C3 and capacitor C4；
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected with the first end of resistance R4, the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2
It is connected simultaneously with the first end of the first end of resistance R5, the first end of capacitor C3 and capacitor C4, the second end and resistance of capacitor C3
The first end of R6 is connected, the output end of operational amplifier U2 while second end and capacitor with the anode of diode D2, resistance R6
The second end of C4 is connected；
The cathode of the second end of resistance R4, the second end of resistance R5 and diode D2 is respectively PID Isobarically Control module
Reference voltage signal input terminal, feedback voltage signal input terminal and driving signal output end；
The resistance value of the capacitance of capacitor C3, the capacitance of capacitor C4 and resistance R6 is respectively P, I, D ginseng of PID Isobarically Control module
Number；
P, I, D parameter of PID Isobarically Control module are respectively 1nF, 1uF, 1k Ω.
As preferably, when the program-controlled DC electronic loaded work piece is when constant voltage mode, main control module is using following
Mode adjusts control signal:
S1, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude greater than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S2,
Otherwise, S3 is executed；
S2, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the first correction value, and execute S1；
S3, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude less than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S4,
Otherwise, S5 is executed；
S4, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the first for controlling signal, and execute S1；
S5, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude greater than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S6,
Otherwise, S7 is executed；
S6, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the second correction value, and execute S1；
S7, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude less than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S8,
Otherwise, S1 is executed；
S8, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the second for controlling signal, and execute S1；
First amplitude difference reference value 1 magnitude bigger than the second difference in magnitude reference value, the first correction value are bigger than the second correction value by 1
A magnitude.
As preferably, when the program-controlled DC electronic loaded work piece is when constant current mode, main control module is using following
Mode adjusts control signal:
SA, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SB,
Otherwise, SC is executed；
SB, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the first correction value, and execute SA；
SC, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SD,
Otherwise, SE is executed；
SD, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the first for controlling signal, and execute SA；
SE, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SF,
Otherwise, SG is executed；
SF, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the second correction value, and execute SA；
SG, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SH,
Otherwise, SA is executed；
SH, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the second for controlling signal, and execute SA；
First amplitude difference reference value 1 magnitude bigger than the second difference in magnitude reference value, the first correction value are bigger than the second correction value by 1
A magnitude.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads of the present invention, PID Isobarically Control module is according to feedback voltage signal and with reference to electricity
The difference in magnitude of pressure signal adjusts driving signal in real time, to realize closed-loop control on hardware view.PID constant-current control module according to
The difference in magnitude of fed-back current signals and reference current signal adjusts driving signal in real time, to realize closed loop control on hardware view
System.On the other hand, main control module based on the feedback signal with the difference in magnitude of preset desired signal in real time adjust control signal, with
Closed-loop control is realized on software view.Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads of the present invention are because of the side using soft and hardware Collaborative Control
Formula and fast response time, control precision are high, so efficiently solve existing DC Electronic Loads cannot be considered in terms of response speed and
The problem of controlling precision.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads of the present invention, the anode of power supply to be measured are inputted with the electric current of power tube parallel module
End is connected, and the current output terminal of power tube parallel module is connected through current sampling resistor with the cathode of power supply to be measured, after series connection
First voltage sampling resistor and second voltage sampling resistor and power sources in parallel to be measured.This four-wire system power supply connection to be measured to lead to
The collected voltage of overvoltage sampling resistor includes the partial pressure of the conducting wire between power supply to be measured and power tube parallel module, from principle
On eliminate influence of the conducting wire partial pressure to the control precision of DC Electronic Loads, DC Electronic Loads can be further improved
Control precision.
Detailed description of the invention
It will hereinafter come to carry out more program-controlled DC Electronic Loads of the present invention based on the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings
Detailed description, in which:
Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in embodiment, wherein 1,2 and 3 be respectively first voltage
Sampling resistor, second voltage sampling resistor and current sampling resistor；
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram for the PID constant-current control module that embodiment refers to；
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram for the PID Isobarically Control module that embodiment refers to；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram for the four-wire system power supply connection to be measured that embodiment refers to；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram in the existing hardware close loop negative feedback circuit that embodiment refers to；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram in the existing software closed-loop control circuit that embodiment refers to；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram in the soft and hardware Collaborative Control circuit that embodiment refers to.
Specific embodiment
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads of the present invention are described further below in conjunction with attached drawing.
Embodiment: the present embodiment is explained in detail below with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment include main control module, power tube parallel module, PID Isobarically Control
Module, PID constant-current control module, voltage conditioning module, current regulating module, filter module, access control module, first voltage
Sampling resistor, second voltage sampling resistor and current sampling resistor；
The anode of power supply to be measured is connected with the current input terminal of power tube parallel module, and the electric current of power tube parallel module is defeated
Outlet is connected through current sampling resistor with the cathode of power supply to be measured；
First voltage sampling resistor is connected with second voltage sampling resistor, the first voltage sampling resistor and second after series connection
Voltage sample resistance and power sources in parallel to be measured；
The common end of first voltage sampling resistor and second voltage sampling resistor through voltage conditioning module simultaneously with PID constant pressure
The feedback voltage signal input terminal of control module is connected with the feedback voltage signal input terminal of main control module；
The common end of power tube parallel module and current sampling resistor through current regulating module simultaneously with PID current constant control mould
The fed-back current signals input terminal of block is connected with the fed-back current signals input terminal of main control module；
The control signal output of main control module is through filter module while the reference voltage signal with PID Isobarically Control module
Input terminal is connected with the reference current signal input terminal of PID constant-current control module；
When power supply to be measured is DC current source, main control module control access control module makes PID Isobarically Control module
Driving signal output end is connected with the driving signal input of power tube parallel module, according to the preset program-controlled DC electronic
The operating mode of load calculates initial control signal, and according to the difference in magnitude of feedback voltage signal and preset expectation voltage signal
The signal of adjustment control in real time, to realize closed-loop control on software view；
When power supply to be measured is DC voltage source, main control module control access control module makes PID constant-current control module
Driving signal is connected with the driving signal input of power tube parallel module, according to the preset program-controlled DC Electronic Loads
Operating mode calculates initial control signal, and is adjusted in real time according to the difference in magnitude of fed-back current signals and preset expectation electric current signal
Whole control signal, to realize closed-loop control on software view；
PID Isobarically Control module for adjusting driving according to the difference in magnitude of feedback voltage signal and reference voltage signal in real time
Signal, to realize closed-loop control on hardware view；
PID constant-current control module for adjusting driving according to the difference in magnitude of fed-back current signals and reference current signal in real time
Signal, to realize closed-loop control on hardware view.
In the present embodiment, main control module uses chip microcontroller, and filter module is real using second order active low-pass filter
Existing, access control module is realized using relay assembly.Main control module calculates need to export 16 according to preset operating mode
Position PWM value, PWM value control the duty ratio of main control module output square-wave signal, and the square-wave signal of main control module output is through filtering mould
After block, reference voltage signal or reference current signal are converted to.
When power supply to be measured be DC current source when, the operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads include constant voltage mode,
Constant-resistance mode and constant power mode；
When power supply to be measured be DC voltage source when, the operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads include constant current mode,
Constant-resistance mode and constant power mode.
The main control module of the present embodiment is also used to limit safely in the amplitude of feedback voltage signal beyond preset voltage signal
When value or the amplitude of fed-back current signals exceed preset current signal safety limit, control access control module makes power tube simultaneously
Gang mould block stops receiving driving signal.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment further include temperature monitoring module, simultaneously for real-time detection power tube
The operating temperature of gang mould block, and when the operating temperature of power tube parallel module exceeds operating temperature safety limit, pass through master control
Module control access control module makes power tube parallel module stop receiving driving signal.
The temperature monitoring module of the present embodiment is realized using the digital temperature sensor of DS18B20 model.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment further include alarm module, for the amplitude in feedback voltage signal
When amplitude beyond preset voltage signal safety limit or fed-back current signals exceeds preset current signal safety limit, with
And when the operating temperature of power tube parallel module exceeds operating temperature safety limit, the alarm signal sent according to main control module
Issue alarm sound.
The alarm module of the present embodiment is realized using buzzer.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment further include key module, are connected with main control module, for being arranged
The operating mode and running parameter of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads, running parameter include voltage, electric current, resistance and power.
The key module that the key module of the present embodiment is 4 × 4.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment further include RS232 communication module, and main control module is logical by RS232
News module is connected with host computer, and host computer is used to be arranged the operating mode and running parameter of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment further include display module, are connected with main control module, for showing
The operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads, the running parameter of setting, actual running parameter and power tube are in parallel
The operating temperature of module.
The display module of the present embodiment is realized using OLED display screen.
Program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment further include analog-to-digital conversion module, voltage conditioning module and electric current tune
Reason module passes through analog-to-digital conversion module and is connected with main control module.
The analog-to-digital conversion module of the present embodiment is realized using the analog-digital converter of ADS1115 model.
The PID Isobarically Control module of the present embodiment and P, I, D parameter of PID constant-current control module pass through emulation and determine,
The program-controlled DC Electronic Loads non-overshoot and rise time is most short in the state of determining P, I, D parameter.
The power tube parallel module of the present embodiment includes 4 power tubes, and power tube is the field-effect tube of IRFP2907 model.
The PID constant-current control module of the present embodiment includes operational amplifier U1, diode D1, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance
R3, capacitor C1 and capacitor C2；
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected with the first end of resistance R1, the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1
It is connected simultaneously with the first end of the first end of resistance R2, the first end of capacitor C1 and capacitor C2, the second end and resistance of capacitor C1
The first end of R3 is connected, the output end of operational amplifier U1 while second end and capacitor with the anode of diode D1, resistance R3
The second end of C2 is connected；
The cathode of the second end of resistance R1, the second end of resistance R2 and diode D1 is respectively PID constant-current control module
Reference current signal input terminal, fed-back current signals input terminal and driving signal output end；
The resistance value of the capacitance of capacitor C1, the capacitance of capacitor C2 and resistance R3 is respectively P, I, D ginseng of PID constant-current control module
Number；
P, I, D parameter of PID constant-current control module are respectively 1uF, 1nF, 10k Ω.
The PID Isobarically Control module of the present embodiment includes operational amplifier U2, diode D2, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance
R6, capacitor C3 and capacitor C4；
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected with the first end of resistance R4, the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2
It is connected simultaneously with the first end of the first end of resistance R5, the first end of capacitor C3 and capacitor C4, the second end and resistance of capacitor C3
The first end of R6 is connected, the output end of operational amplifier U2 while second end and capacitor with the anode of diode D2, resistance R6
The second end of C4 is connected；
The cathode of the second end of resistance R4, the second end of resistance R5 and diode D2 is respectively PID Isobarically Control module
Reference voltage signal input terminal, feedback voltage signal input terminal and driving signal output end；
The resistance value of the capacitance of capacitor C3, the capacitance of capacitor C4 and resistance R6 is respectively P, I, D ginseng of PID Isobarically Control module
Number；
P, I, D parameter of PID Isobarically Control module are respectively 1nF, 1uF, 1k Ω.
When the program-controlled DC electronic loaded work piece is when constant voltage mode, the main control module of the present embodiment is in the following ways
Adjustment control signal:
S1, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude greater than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S2,
Otherwise, S3 is executed；
S2, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the first correction value, and execute S1；
S3, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude less than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S4,
Otherwise, S5 is executed；
S4, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the first for controlling signal, and execute S1；
S5, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude greater than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S6,
Otherwise, S7 is executed；
S6, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the second correction value, and execute S1；
S7, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and amplitude of the amplitude less than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, execution S8,
Otherwise, S1 is executed；
S8, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the second for controlling signal, and execute S1；
First amplitude difference reference value 1 magnitude bigger than the second difference in magnitude reference value, the first correction value are bigger than the second correction value by 1
A magnitude.
When the program-controlled DC electronic loaded work piece is when constant current mode, the main control module of the present embodiment is in the following ways
Adjustment control signal:
SA, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SB,
Otherwise, SC is executed；
SB, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the first correction value, and execute SA；
SC, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled first width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SD,
Otherwise, SE is executed；
SD, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the first for controlling signal, and execute SA；
SE, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SF,
Otherwise, SG is executed；
SF, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the second correction value, and execute SA；
SG, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled second width
Value difference reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SH,
Otherwise, SA is executed；
SH, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the second for controlling signal, and execute SA；
First amplitude difference reference value 1 magnitude bigger than the second difference in magnitude reference value, the first correction value are bigger than the second correction value by 1
A magnitude.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of PID constant-current control module.The capacitance of capacitor C1, the capacitance of capacitor C2 and resistance R3
Resistance value is respectively P, I, D parameter of PID constant-current control module.The present embodiment determines PID constant current control by Multisim emulation
P, I, D parameter of molding block, concrete mode are as follows: build pid parameter test platform in Multisim, realize PID current constant control
Control of the module to power tube parallel module observes step response by oscillograph in Multisim, to obtain different P, I, D ginsengs
The control effect of several pairs of power tube parallel modules, by optimize P, I, D parameter, make PID constant-current control module not only non-overshoot but also on
It is short to rise the time.Finally P, I, D parameter of selected PID constant-current control module are respectively 1uF, 1nF, 10k Ω.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of PID Isobarically Control module.The capacitance of capacitor C3, the capacitance of capacitor C4 and resistance R6
Resistance value is respectively P, I, D parameter of PID Isobarically Control module.The method of determination of P, I, D parameter of PID Isobarically Control module with
PID constant-current control module is identical.Finally P, I, D parameter of selected PID Isobarically Control module are respectively 1nF, 1uF, 1k Ω.
The four-wire system power supply connection to be measured of the present embodiment proposition is described in detail below by Fig. 4.Fig. 4 is four-wire system electricity to be measured
The schematic diagram of source connection, wherein conducting wire of the L1 and L4 between power supply to be measured and power tube parallel module, L2 and L3 are electricity to be measured
Conducting wire between source and voltage sample resistance.4,5,6 and 7 be respectively equivalent on conducting wire L1, conducting wire L2, conducting wire L3 and conducting wire L4
Resistance.The four-wire system power supply connection to be measured that the present embodiment proposes, first voltage sampling resistor pass through conducting wire L2 and power supply phase to be measured
Even, second voltage sampling resistor is connected by conducting wire L3 with power supply to be measured, and the voltage measured on first voltage sampling resistor includes
The partial pressure of conducting wire L1, the voltage measured on second voltage sampling resistor contain the partial pressure of conducting wire L4.Therefore, the present embodiment
Four-wire system power supply connection to be measured can eliminate influence of the conducting wire partial pressure to the control precision of DC Electronic Loads from principle, make to set
The DC Electronic Loads of meter are not necessarily to consider the influence of conducting wire, convenient for large-scale production.
The soft and hardware association of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment is described in detail below by Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
Same control mode:
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram in existing hardware close loop negative feedback circuit.The low-pass filtered device of pulse-width signal of MCU output
Reference voltage signal is obtained, voltage of the effect finally controlled between divider resistance RA and divider resistance RB is believed with reference voltage
Number equal, which is constant pressure operating mode circuit, and constant current mode circuit is similar with the above circuit.In the ideal case,
The square-wave signal that a given a certain duty ratio is x, close loop negative feedback circuit can soon control leading for power tube parallel module
Flux realizes a certain constant pressure y, i.e. y=f (x), that is to say, that x and y is one-to-one functional relation.Existing electronic load is only
Needing to calculate MCU needs the x value exported that can control the voltage that tested current source exports, but since component is not ideal
, the voltage y1 ≠ y actually obtained, i.e. control precision is undesirable, needs to carry out electronic load complicated calibration, be mended with software
It repays to eliminate error.It can be seen that although the negative feedback loop that electronic load hardware is constituted has the excellent of fast response time
Point, but control precision is low, needs to carry out complicated calibration and software compensation.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram in existing software closed-loop control circuit.It is existing unlike existing hardware close loop negative feedback circuit
The feedback voltage in software closed-loop control circuit does not feed back to pid control module, is fed back to by analog-to-digital conversion module
MCU.MCU adjusts PWM output according to the size dynamic of feedback voltage, until control precision reaches in allowed band.Existing software
The characteristics of close loop control circuit be by software sharing close loop control circuit, by constantly dynamic adjustment PWM output, be able to achieve compared with
High control precision, but the disadvantage is that control process need software algorithm calculate PWM output, need suitable algorithm, but regardless of
How superior algorithm performance have, and response speed is always less than hardware closed-loop control loop due to being limited by MCU computing capability.By
The above analysis is it can be seen that existing software closed-loop control loop has the advantages that control is with high accuracy, but response speed is slow.
Advantage and disadvantage based on hardware controls circuit and software control circuit, the present embodiment propose soft and hardware Collaborative Control
Circuit, as shown in Figure 7.The voltage value y controlled as needed is calculated the duty ratio for needing to export pulse by function y=f (x)
X1, it is y1 that the fast-response control by hardware closed-loop control loop, which is tested electric power output voltage, and y1 and desired value y have one at this time
Fixed deviation can do following Discrete control by software:
S1, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of feedback voltage signal and desired voltage signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.1 and
It is expected that the amplitude of voltage signal is greater than the amplitude of feedback voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, S2 is executed, otherwise, executes S3；
S2, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added 10, and execute S1；
S3, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of feedback voltage signal and desired voltage signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.1 and
It is expected that the amplitude of voltage signal is less than the amplitude of feedback voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, S4 is executed, otherwise, executes S5；
S4, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is subtracted 10, and execute S1；
S5, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of feedback voltage signal and desired voltage signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.01 and
It is expected that the amplitude of voltage signal is greater than the amplitude of feedback voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, S6 is executed, otherwise, executes S7；
S6, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added 1, and execute S1；
S7, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of feedback voltage signal and desired voltage signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.01 and
It is expected that the amplitude of voltage signal is less than the amplitude of feedback voltage signal, when the judgment result is yes, S8 is executed, otherwise, executes S1；
S8, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is subtracted 1, and execute S1.
After hardware closed-loop controls, the voltage signal of power supply output to be measured, i.e. feedback voltage signal and desired voltage is believed
Very little is differed between number, it is only necessary to which doing smaller amendment to the duty ratio of control signal can be obtained higher control precision, pass through
After several loop controls, the voltage signal that power supply to be measured exports can be controlled in precision allowed band.Therefore, the present embodiment
The program-controlled DC Electronic Loads have control precision high and fast response time due to using the control mode of soft and hardware collaboration
The advantages of.Above only by taking constant pressure operating mode as an example, but it is not limited to the mode, constant current mode, constant-resistance mode and invariable power mould
Formula can modify parameter according to above-mentioned control mode and can be realized.
When constant current mode, following Discrete control is done by software:
SA, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of fed-back current signals and expectation electric current signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.1 and
The amplitude of expectation electric current signal is greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, executes SB, otherwise, executes SC；
SB, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added 10, and execute SA；
SC, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of fed-back current signals and expectation electric current signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.1 and
The amplitude of expectation electric current signal is less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, executes SD, otherwise, executes SE；
SD, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is subtracted 10, and execute SA；
SE, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of fed-back current signals and expectation electric current signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.01 and
The amplitude of expectation electric current signal is greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, executes SF, otherwise, executes SG；
SF, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added 1, and execute SA；
SG, judge the amplitude absolute value of the difference of fed-back current signals and expectation electric current signal whether be greater than scheduled 0.01 and
The amplitude of expectation electric current signal is less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, executes SH, otherwise, executes SA；
SH, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is subtracted 1, and execute SA.
Compared with existing DC Electronic Loads, program-controlled DC Electronic Loads described in the present embodiment are with hardware PID control
It is main, supplemented by software control, soft and hardware Collaborative Control is realized, there is higher control precision and faster response speed.Pass through
Multisim emulates to obtain the preferable parameter of hardware PID control part, multichannel cascade can be controlled to non-overshoot within a few tens of milliseconds
Power tube, realize to the cascade Mach-Zehnder interferometer of multichannel power tube, increase system while guaranteeing control precision and response speed
Reliability.For the power supply to be measured two PID negative feedback control loops that have been voltage source or current source designs, single-chip microcontroller control
Relay realizes the free switching of control loop, has widened the application field of electronic load, without being directed to voltage source and current source
Design different electronic loads.
Although describing the present invention herein with reference to specific implementation method, it should be understood that, these realities
Applying example only is the example of principles and applications.It should therefore be understood that can be permitted exemplary embodiment
More modifications, and can be designed that other arrangements, without departing from spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims and
Range.It should be understood that different appurtenances can be combined by being different from method described in original claim
It is required that and feature described herein.It will also be appreciated that the feature in conjunction with described in separate embodiments can be used at it
In his embodiment.
Claims (15)
1. a kind of program-controlled DC Electronic Loads, which is characterized in that the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads include main control module, power tube
Parallel module, PID Isobarically Control module, PID constant-current control module, voltage conditioning module, current regulating module, filter module,
Access control module, first voltage sampling resistor, second voltage sampling resistor and current sampling resistor；
The anode of power supply to be measured is connected with the current input terminal of power tube parallel module, the current output terminal of power tube parallel module
It is connected through current sampling resistor with the cathode of power supply to be measured；
First voltage sampling resistor is connected with second voltage sampling resistor, first voltage sampling resistor and second voltage after series connection
Sampling resistor and power sources in parallel to be measured；
The common end of first voltage sampling resistor and second voltage sampling resistor through voltage conditioning module simultaneously with PID Isobarically Control
The feedback voltage signal input terminal of module is connected with the feedback voltage signal input terminal of main control module；
The common end of power tube parallel module and current sampling resistor through current regulating module simultaneously with PID constant-current control module
Fed-back current signals input terminal is connected with the fed-back current signals input terminal of main control module；
The control signal output of main control module is inputted with the reference voltage signal of PID Isobarically Control module simultaneously through filter module
End is connected with the reference current signal input terminal of PID constant-current control module；
When power supply to be measured is DC current source, main control module control access control module makes the driving of PID Isobarically Control module
Signal output end is connected with the driving signal input of power tube parallel module, according to the preset program-controlled DC Electronic Loads
Operating mode calculate initial control signal, and according to feedback voltage signal and it is preset it is expected voltage signal difference in magnitude it is real-time
Adjustment control signal, to realize closed-loop control on software view；
When power supply to be measured is DC voltage source, main control module control access control module makes the driving of PID constant-current control module
Signal is connected with the driving signal input of power tube parallel module, according to the work of the preset program-controlled DC Electronic Loads
Mode computation initial control signal, and control is adjusted according to the difference in magnitude of fed-back current signals and preset expectation electric current signal in real time
Signal processed, to realize closed-loop control on software view；
PID Isobarically Control module is used to adjust driving letter in real time according to the difference in magnitude of feedback voltage signal and reference voltage signal
Number, to realize closed-loop control on hardware view；
PID constant-current control module is used to adjust driving letter in real time according to the difference in magnitude of fed-back current signals and reference current signal
Number, to realize closed-loop control on hardware view.
2. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when power supply to be measured is DC current source,
The operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads includes constant voltage mode, constant-resistance mode and constant power mode；
When power supply to be measured is DC voltage source, the operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads includes constant current mode, constant-resistance
Mode and constant power mode.
3. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that main control module is also used to believe in feedback voltage
Number amplitude of the amplitude beyond preset voltage signal safety limit or fed-back current signals beyond preset current signal safety
When limit value, control access control module makes power tube parallel module stop receiving driving signal.
4. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include
Temperature monitoring module, for the operating temperature of real-time detection power tube parallel module, and in the work temperature of power tube parallel module
When degree is beyond operating temperature safety limit, by main control module control access control module, connect the stopping of power tube parallel module
Receive driving signal.
5. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include
Alarm module, the width for the amplitude in feedback voltage signal beyond preset voltage signal safety limit or fed-back current signals
When value is beyond preset current signal safety limit, and it is safe beyond operating temperature in the operating temperature of power tube parallel module
When limit value, alarm sound is issued according to the alarm signal that main control module is sent.
6. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include
Key module is connected with main control module, for the operating mode and running parameter of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads to be arranged, works
Parameter includes voltage, electric current, resistance and power.
7. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include
RS232 communication module, main control module are connected by RS232 communication module with host computer, and host computer is for being arranged the programmed direct
Flow the operating mode and running parameter of electronic load.
8. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include
Display module is connected with main control module, for showing the operating mode of the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads, the work ginseng of setting
The operating temperature of several, actual running parameter and power tube parallel module.
9. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads further include
Analog-to-digital conversion module, voltage conditioning module and current regulating module pass through analog-to-digital conversion module and are connected with main control module.
10. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that PID Isobarically Control module and PID constant current
P, I, D parameter of control module pass through emulation and determine, the program-controlled DC electronic is negative in the state of determining P, I, D parameter
It carries non-overshoot and the rise time is most short.
11. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 10, which is characterized in that power tube parallel module includes 4 function
Rate pipe, power tube are the field-effect tube of IRFP2907 model.
12. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that PID constant-current control module includes operation
Amplifier U1, diode D1, resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, capacitor C1 and capacitor C2；
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1 is connected with the first end of resistance R1, and the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1 is simultaneously
It is connected with the first end of the first end of resistance R2, the first end of capacitor C1 and capacitor C2, the second end of capacitor C1 is with resistance R3's
First end is connected, the output end of operational amplifier U1 simultaneously with the anode of diode D1, the second end of resistance R3 and capacitor C2
Second end is connected；
The cathode of the second end of resistance R1, the second end of resistance R2 and diode D1 is respectively the reference of PID constant-current control module
Current signal input, fed-back current signals input terminal and driving signal output end；
The resistance value of the capacitance of capacitor C1, the capacitance of capacitor C2 and resistance R3 is respectively P, I, D parameter of PID constant-current control module；
P, I, D parameter of PID constant-current control module are respectively 1uF, 1nF, 10k Ω.
13. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that PID Isobarically Control module includes operation
Amplifier U2, diode D2, resistance R4, resistance R5, resistance R6, capacitor C3 and capacitor C4；
The non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is connected with the first end of resistance R4, and the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U2 is simultaneously
It is connected with the first end of the first end of resistance R5, the first end of capacitor C3 and capacitor C4, the second end of capacitor C3 is with resistance R6's
First end is connected, the output end of operational amplifier U2 simultaneously with the anode of diode D2, the second end of resistance R6 and capacitor C4
Second end is connected；
The cathode of the second end of resistance R4, the second end of resistance R5 and diode D2 is respectively the reference of PID Isobarically Control module
Voltage signal inputs, feedback voltage signal input terminal and driving signal output end；
The resistance value of the capacitance of capacitor C3, the capacitance of capacitor C4 and resistance R6 is respectively P, I, D parameter of PID Isobarically Control module；
P, I, D parameter of PID Isobarically Control module are respectively 1nF, 1uF, 1k Ω.
14. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that when the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads work
When making in constant voltage mode, main control module adjusts control signal in the following ways:
S1, to judge whether the amplitude absolute value of the difference of feedback voltage signal and desired voltage signal is greater than scheduled first amplitude poor
Reference value and amplitude of the amplitude greater than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal execute S2 when the judgment result is yes, no
Then, S3 is executed；
S2, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the first correction value, and execute S1；
S3, to judge whether the amplitude absolute value of the difference of feedback voltage signal and desired voltage signal is greater than scheduled first amplitude poor
Reference value and amplitude of the amplitude less than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal execute S4 when the judgment result is yes, no
Then, S5 is executed；
S4, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the first for controlling signal, and execute S1；
S5, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled second difference in magnitude
Reference value and amplitude of the amplitude greater than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal execute S6 when the judgment result is yes, no
Then, S7 is executed；
S6, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the second correction value, and execute S1；
S7, judge whether feedback voltage signal and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of desired voltage signal are greater than scheduled second difference in magnitude
Reference value and amplitude of the amplitude less than feedback voltage signal for it is expected voltage signal execute S8 when the judgment result is yes, no
Then, S1 is executed；
S8, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the second for controlling signal, and execute S1；
First amplitude difference reference value 1 magnitude bigger than the second difference in magnitude reference value, the first correction value 1 amount bigger than the second correction value
Grade.
15. program-controlled DC Electronic Loads as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that when the program-controlled DC Electronic Loads work
When making in constant current mode, main control module adjusts control signal in the following ways:
SA, to judge whether the amplitude absolute value of the difference of fed-back current signals and expectation electric current signal is greater than scheduled first amplitude poor
Reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SB, no
Then, SC is executed；
SB, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the first correction value, and execute SA；
SC, to judge whether the amplitude absolute value of the difference of fed-back current signals and expectation electric current signal is greater than scheduled first amplitude poor
Reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SD, no
Then, SE is executed；
SD, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the first for controlling signal, and execute SA；
SE, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled second difference in magnitude
Reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are greater than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SF, no
Then, SG is executed；
SF, so that the duty ratio for controlling signal is added the second correction value, and execute SA；
SG, judge whether fed-back current signals and the amplitude absolute value of the difference of expectation electric current signal are greater than scheduled second difference in magnitude
Reference value and the amplitude of expectation electric current signal are less than the amplitude of fed-back current signals, when the judgment result is yes, execute SH, no
Then, SA is executed；
SH, make the duty ratio correction value that subtracts the second for controlling signal, and execute SA；
First amplitude difference reference value 1 magnitude bigger than the second difference in magnitude reference value, the first correction value 1 amount bigger than the second correction value
Grade.
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