CN109759471B - Equal-channel extrusion die and method for preparing ultrafine crystal block material - Google Patents
Equal-channel extrusion die and method for preparing ultrafine crystal block material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109759471B CN109759471B CN201811553927.2A CN201811553927A CN109759471B CN 109759471 B CN109759471 B CN 109759471B CN 201811553927 A CN201811553927 A CN 201811553927A CN 109759471 B CN109759471 B CN 109759471B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an equal-channel extrusion die and a method for preparing an ultrafine crystal block material, wherein the die comprises an extrusion female die and a base, the extrusion female die is provided with six extrusion channels extending from the outer surface to the inside, the six extrusion channels are intersected to form a regular hexahedral cavity, a punch is arranged in each extrusion channel in a sliding manner, the base is provided with a multi-position positioning mechanism which is used for positioning the extrusion female die and enabling any pair of extrusion channels arranged on the two opposite sides of the regular hexahedral cavity to be arranged according to a set form, and the set form arrangement is as follows: the punch in one of the pair of extrusion channels is prevented from sliding outwardly by a multi-position positioning mechanism and the other of the pair of extrusion channels is at an angle that allows the outer extrusion member to extend into the pair of punches to extrude the punches. The method comprises the steps of changing the angle of the extrusion female die positioned on the base, and extruding the punches in the extrusion channel one by adopting extrusion equipment. The invention has the advantages of low labor intensity, low cost, high preparation efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of material processing equipment, in particular to an equal-channel extrusion die and method for preparing an ultra-fine crystal block material.
Background
In the technical field of material processing, the process of realizing large deformation by a traditional plastic processing method is usually a variable cross section process, the material structure is thinned, and simultaneously, the material structure has strong directionality, and the grain structure is often thinned and elongated to form a streamline. In order to obtain a finer and equiaxed microstructure, a processing method for specially refining grains is developed: large plastic deformation methods such as equal channel angular Extrusion (ECAP), high pressure torsional deformation, pack rolling, repeated crumpling-straightening, reciprocating extrusion, and the like.
The large plastic deformation technology mainly means that under the conditions of lower temperature and higher pressure, the material is subjected to one or more times of accumulated repeated plastic deformation to obtain considerable accumulated true strain; the purpose is to directly refine the conventional block coarse crystal material into an ultra-fine crystal structure material with a large-angle crystal boundary. That is, to obtain an ultra-fine grained/nanostructured material, the following conditions are required: 1. the deformation temperature is low. The lower the temperature, the finer the grains obtained, and with the increase of the deformation pass, the deformation temperature is reduced because the refined grains have better plasticity; 2. the amount of strain is large. The strain is the essence of large plastic deformation, and generally more than 10; 3. the shape of the material does not change before and after deformation. The large plastic deformation has high requirements on the strength of the die, and the large true strain is difficult to obtain at one time, so that the realization of repeated plastic deformation is one of important reference criteria for the development and development of a new large plastic deformation technology; 4. the amount of strain per pass is sufficiently large. Not only is the stress that the total accumulated strain is large, but the strain of each pass also reaches a certain critical strain, so that enough dislocations can be obtained, the critical density of the dislocations is converted, sub-grains, dislocation units and the like are formed, and finally the ultra-fine grain/nano-structure material with large-angle grain boundaries is obtained. This is why the ultrafine grain cannot be obtained by forging, rolling and other pressure processing methods in industrial production for over a century.
The large plastic deformation method not only can prepare large-volume samples of metals, alloys and the like with different shapes and sizes, but also can overcome the defects of residual gaps, impurities, interface oxidation and the like caused by other methods such as a powder metallurgy method, a ball milling method and the like. Large plastically deformable materials generally have the following characteristics: 1. no pollution is caused; 2. no residual hole is formed in the prepared superfine crystal/nano-structure material; 3. the whole material has a uniform structure; 4. without mechanical damage and cracks.
At present, an isometric-diameter die used in the research of the technical field of material processing is mainly an L-shaped die cavity, namely, two channels are intersected to form an L shape, a blank is placed into an inlet channel during extrusion and is extruded from an outlet channel, then the blank is placed into the inlet channel again for repeated extrusion, and due to the elastic recovery and shape distortion of the extruded material, the extruded material needs to be corrected or polished during repeated loading; in addition, the deformation amount generated by each pass of extrusion of the currently used equal-angular-diameter extrusion die mainly depends on the included angle between two passes, so that multiple times of extrusion are often needed to obtain uniform and fine ultrafine crystals, the processing efficiency of the method is seriously reduced, and the industrial application of the method is limited. Although some improved measures are proposed, such as adopting S-shaped, C-shaped, U-shaped extrusion dies, etc., there are some defects, such as single deformation route, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art and provides the equal-channel extrusion die for preparing the superfine crystal block material, which has low labor intensity, low cost and high preparation efficiency. Correspondingly, a method for preparing the ultrafine crystal block material by adopting the channel extrusion die is also provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a preparation superfine crystal block body material equal passageway extrusion die, includes extrusion die and base, the extrusion die is equipped with six extrusion passageways that extend to inside from the surface, and six extrusion passageways intersect and form a regular hexahedron die cavity, and each extrusion passageway internal slip is equipped with a drift, the base is equipped with and is used for fixing a position the extrusion die and enables arbitrary a pair of extrusion passageway of locating regular hexahedron die cavity relative both sides and arrange according to the multiposition positioning mechanism who sets for the form, it is to set for the form to arrange: the punch in one of the pair of extrusion channels is prevented from sliding outwardly by a multi-position positioning mechanism and the other of the pair of extrusion channels is at an angle that allows the outer extrusion member to extend into the pair of punches to extrude the punches.
As a further improvement of the equal channel extrusion die:
the multi-position positioning mechanism also has a blocking surface which prevents the punches in the other two pairs of extrusion channels from sliding outwards when one pair of extrusion channels is arranged according to a set form.
The extrusion die is the regular hexahedron type, and six extrusion passageways correspond respectively and are located six sides of regular hexahedron type extrusion die, the location counter bore of multiposition positioning mechanism on for locating the base, the shape and the size of location counter bore with the side of regular hexahedron type extrusion die is unanimous.
The six extrusion channels are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the central positions of six side surfaces of the regular hexahedron-shaped extrusion female die, and the depth of each positioning counter bore is less than one time of the side length of the regular hexahedron-shaped extrusion female die and more than one half of the side length of the regular hexahedron-shaped extrusion female die.
The side length of the regular hexahedron type extrusion female die is L1, the side length of the regular hexahedron cavity is L2, and the depth of the positioning counter bore is (L1+ L2)/2.
The length of the punch is equal to half of the difference value of the side length of the regular hexahedron extrusion female die minus the side length of the regular hexahedron cavity.
The side wall of the positioning counter bore is provided with a groove, and an avoidance space is formed between the groove and the extrusion female die placed in the positioning counter bore.
A method for preparing an ultra-fine crystal block material by adopting the equal-channel extrusion die, which comprises the following steps,
(A) placing a punch in any five extrusion channels of the extrusion female die, and positioning the extrusion female die on the base through a multi-position positioning mechanism to enable the extrusion channels which are not placed in the punch to be positioned at an angle which can be extended by an external extrusion piece to extrude the punch; putting a sample into a regular hexahedron cavity from an extrusion channel in which a punch is not put, and then putting the punch into the extrusion channel in which the punch is not put; mounting and fixing the base on extrusion equipment, and vertically arranging an extrusion channel which is finally placed into the punch;
(B) extruding the punch heads in the vertically arranged extrusion channels in the direction from top to bottom by adopting extrusion equipment;
(C) changing the positioning angle of the extrusion female die through a multi-position positioning mechanism to enable the other extrusion channel to be vertically arranged, and extruding a punch in the vertically arranged extrusion channel along the direction from top to bottom by adopting extrusion equipment;
(D) and (C) repeating the step (C) until the punches in all the extrusion channels are extruded one by the extrusion equipment.
As a further improvement of the above method:
and (B) lubricating the extrusion channel by using a lubricant before the punch is placed in the extrusion channel, and lubricating the sample by using the lubricant before the sample is placed in the hexahedral cavity.
And (C) repeating the step (C) after the punches in all the extrusion channels are extruded one by the extrusion equipment, so that the punches in at least one extrusion channel are extruded by the extrusion equipment more than twice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: when the equal-channel extrusion die for preparing the ultrafine crystal block material is used, the base is arranged on the extrusion equipment, and any pair of extrusion channels can be arranged to be suitable for the extrusion equipment to extrude by changing the angle of the extrusion female die positioned on the multi-position positioning mechanism, so that the extruded blank does not need to be taken out of the extrusion female die in the extrusion process, the extruded blank can be extruded from a plurality of angles only by changing the angle of each extrusion channel on the extrusion female die by using the multi-position positioning mechanism, the work of correcting and polishing the extruded blank caused by repeated charging can be saved, the labor intensity can be greatly reduced, the cost can be saved, the preparation efficiency can be improved, and compared with the traditional die needing repeated charging, the equal-channel extrusion die can save more than 75% of time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an equal channel extrusion die.
Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the equal channel extrusion die.
Fig. 3 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the equal channel extrusion die.
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is an initial phase diagram of the sample of application example 1.
FIG. 6 is a gold phase diagram after completion of the extrusion of the sample in application example 1.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an initial gold phase of the sample in application example 2.
FIG. 8 is a gold phase diagram after completion of sample pressing in application example 2.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. extruding the female die; 11. an extrusion channel; 12. a regular hexahedral cavity; 2. a base; 21. positioning the counter bore; 3. a punch; 4. and (4) sampling.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the iso-channel extrusion mold for preparing ultra-fine grain block material of the present embodiment includes an extrusion die 1 and a base 2, the extrusion die 1 is provided with six extrusion channels 11 extending from an outer surface to an inner portion, the six extrusion channels 11 intersect to form a regular hexahedral cavity 12 (not shown), that is, the six extrusion channels 11 respectively extend from six faces of the regular hexahedral cavity 12 to the outer surface of the extrusion die 1, each extrusion channel 11 is provided with a punch 3 in a sliding manner, the base 2 is provided with a multi-position positioning mechanism for positioning the extrusion die 1, the multi-position positioning mechanism enables any pair of extrusion channels 11 disposed at two opposite sides of the regular hexahedral cavity 12 to be disposed according to a set form, that is, an angle at which the extrusion die 1 is positioned on the multi-position positioning mechanism can be changed, so that any pair of extrusion channels 11 disposed at two opposite sides of the regular hexahedral cavity 12 can, the setting form arrangement is as follows: the punch 3 in one of the pair of extrusion passages 11 is prevented from sliding outwardly by the multi-position positioning mechanism, and the other extrusion passage 11 of the pair of extrusion passages 11 is at an angle that can be extended into the pair of punches 3 by an external pressing member. Thus, the extrusion apparatus can be used to extrude the extruded billet from the arrangement direction of the pair of extrusion passages 11. When these passageway extrusion tooling used, install base 2 on extrusion equipment, through changing the angle that extrusion die 1 location was on multiposition positioning mechanism, can make arbitrary a pair of extrusion passageway 11 arrange to be fit for being carried out extruded angle by extrusion equipment, thereby need not take out in extrusion process by extrusion blank from extrusion die 1, only need utilize multiposition positioning mechanism to change each extrusion passageway 11's angle on the extrusion die 1, can follow a plurality of angles and extrude by extrusion blank, can save the work of rectifying and polishing the blank that leads to because of repeated charging, can greatly reduced artifical intensity of labour, save cost and improve preparation efficiency, compare in the mould that traditional needs repeated charging, it can practice thrift and exceed 75% time. The channel extrusion die can enable the extruded blank to be extruded by each punch 3 all the time in the center of the extrusion female die 1, so that the grain refinement becomes more uniform, and the quality of finished products can be improved.
In this embodiment, the multi-position positioning mechanism further has a blocking surface that prevents the punches 3 in the remaining two pairs of pressing passages 11 from sliding outward when the pair of pressing passages 11 is arranged in a set pattern. The blocking surfaces are utilized to prevent the punches 3 in the other two pairs of extrusion channels 11 from sliding outwards, so that the four surfaces of the regular hexahedron cavity 12 except the extrusion direction can be kept stable.
In this embodiment, the extrusion die 1 is a regular hexahedron, six extrusion channels 11 are respectively and correspondingly located on six sides of the regular hexahedron-type extrusion die 1, the multi-position positioning mechanism is a positioning counterbore 21 arranged on the base 2, and the shape and size of the positioning counterbore 21 are consistent with those of the sides of the regular hexahedron-type extrusion die 1. The regular hexahedral extrusion die 1 can be inserted into the positioning counterbore 21 to be positioned by taking any one side face as a front end face, the extrusion channel 11 on the front end face and the extrusion channel 11 on the side face of the regular hexahedral extrusion die 1 opposite to the front end face after insertion and positioning are taken as a pair of opposite extrusion channels 11, the punch 3 in the extrusion channel 11 on the front end face is blocked by the bottom face of the positioning counterbore 21, and the extrusion channel 11 on the side face of the regular hexahedral extrusion die 1 opposite to the front end face is not blocked by any part of the base 2. The multi-position positioning mechanism adopts a simple regular hexahedron structure and a positioning counter bore 21 form, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenience in operation, and good positioning stability and reliability.
In this embodiment, the six extrusion channels 11 are respectively and correspondingly disposed at the center positions of six side surfaces of the regular hexahedral extrusion female die 1, and the depth of the positioning counter bore 21 is less than one-time side length of the regular hexahedral extrusion female die 1 and greater than one-half time side length of the regular hexahedral extrusion female die 1. After the regular hexahedral extrusion female die 1 is inserted into the positioning counter bore 21, at least part of the extrusion channels 11 on the four side surfaces of the regular hexahedral extrusion female die 1 are located in the positioning counter bore 21, and at this time, the four side walls of the positioning counter bore 21 just serve as blocking surfaces to respectively prevent the punches 3 in the four extrusion channels 11 from sliding outwards. The side wall of the positioning counter bore 21 arranged in this way is a blocking surface of the multi-position positioning mechanism, and a blocking component is not required to be arranged separately, so that the simplicity and the compactness of the structure can be further improved, and the cost can be reduced.
In this embodiment, the side length of the regular hexahedral extrusion concave die 1 is L1, the side length of the regular hexahedral cavity 12 is L2, and the depth of the positioning counterbore 21 is (L1+ L2)/2. After regular hexahedron type extrusion die 1 inserts location counter bore 21, extrusion channel 11 on regular hexahedron type extrusion die 1 four sides just is stopped completely by the lateral wall of being positioned counter bore 21, also be positioned the whole end face contact of the lateral wall of counter bore 21 and the drift 3 in the extrusion channel 11 and form and stop, can improve and prevent 3 outside gliding reliability and stability of drift, guaranteed regular hexahedron type extrusion die 1 again simultaneously to have being located location counter bore 21 outsidely of more positions, be convenient for get and put regular hexahedron type extrusion die 1.
In this embodiment, the length of the punch 3 is equal to a half of the difference between the length of the side of the regular hexahedral extrusion female die 1 and the length of the side of the regular hexahedral cavity 12. Also when the one end of drift 3 and the side parallel and level of regular hexahedron die cavity 12, the other end and the side parallel and level of regular hexahedron type extrusion die 1 are guaranteeing under the reliable and stable circumstances of maintaining the side of regular hexahedron die cavity 12 of drift 3, only need set up one with the face that blocks of regular hexahedron type extrusion die 1 side parallel and level just can prevent drift 3 outwards to slide, can reduce the complexity of blocking the face and set up the degree of difficulty.
In this embodiment, a groove is formed in the side wall of the positioning counterbore 21, and an avoidance space is formed between the groove and the extrusion die 1 placed in the positioning counterbore 21. The avoiding space can be used for manual or tool stretching, and the extrusion female die 1 can be conveniently and easily taken and placed.
In this embodiment, the extrusion die 1 and the base 2 are both made of 3Cr2W8V die steel.
Preferably, in the equal-channel extrusion die of the present embodiment, the external dimension of the regular hexahedral extrusion die 1 is 40mm × 40mm × 40mm, and cavity-die through grooves perpendicular to and intersecting with each other are respectively machined in the centers of three opposite surfaces by wire cutting, so as to form six extrusion channels 11, the cross-sectional dimension of the extrusion channel 11 is 10mm × 10mm, the dimension of the extruded blank is 10mm × 10mm × 8mm, the cross-sectional dimension of the punch 3 is 10mm × 10mm, the length is 15mm, the dimension of the base 2 is 50mm × 50mm × 30mm, and the dimension of the positioning counter bore 21 is 40mm × 40mm × 25 mm.
The method for preparing the ultra-fine grain block material by adopting the equal-channel extrusion die of the embodiment comprises the following steps,
(A) putting the punch 3 into any five extrusion channels 11 of the extrusion female die 1, and positioning the extrusion female die 1 on the base 2 through a multi-position positioning mechanism to enable the extrusion channels 11 which are not put into the punch 3 to be positioned at an angle which can be extended by an external extrusion piece to extrude the punch 3; placing a sample 4 (extruded blank) into a regular hexahedral cavity 12 from an extrusion passage 11 in which a punch 3 is not placed, and then placing the punch 3 into the extrusion passage 11 in which the punch 3 is not placed; the base 2 is fixedly arranged on the extrusion equipment, so that the extrusion channel 11 which is finally placed into the punch 3 is vertically arranged; the sample 4 is in a hexahedron shape, two surfaces of the sample are the same as the cross section of the punch 3 (namely, the side shape of the regular hexahedron cavity 12), and the sizes of the other four surfaces are smaller than the cross section of the punch 3;
(B) extruding the punch 3 in the vertically arranged extrusion channel 11 along the direction from top to bottom by adopting an extrusion device;
(C) changing the positioning angle of the extrusion female die 1 through a multi-position positioning mechanism to enable the other extrusion channel 11 to be vertically arranged, and extruding the punch 3 in the vertically arranged extrusion channel 11 along the direction from top to bottom by adopting extrusion equipment;
(D) and (C) repeating the step until all the punches 3 in the extrusion passage 11 are extruded one by the extrusion device.
In the embodiment, in the step (a), the extrusion channel 11 is lubricated by using a lubricant before the punch 3 is placed in the extrusion channel 11, so that the frictional resistance can be reduced, and the abrasion of the punch 3 and the regular hexahedral extrusion female die 1 is reduced; before the sample 4 is placed into the regular hexahedral cavity 12, the lubricant is adopted to lubricate the sample 4, so that the nonuniformity of metal flow of the sample 4 in the extrusion process is relieved, and the possibility of crack generation is reduced.
The method has the advantages of simple steps, convenient operation and high efficiency.
In this embodiment, after the punches 3 in all the extrusion channels 11 are extruded one by the extrusion device, the step (C) is repeated to extrude the punches 3 in at least one of the extrusion channels 11 by the extrusion device more than twice. Theoretically, infinite extrusion can be performed, so that infinite strain is obtained until uniform and fine grains are obtained, and the superfine crystal block material is prepared. Therefore, the channel extrusion dies can realize continuous production without opening the dies.
Application example 1:
the magnesium alloy ultrafine grain block material is prepared by adopting the equal channel extrusion die and the method in the embodiment 1, wherein the extrusion device adopts a J23-63T stamping device, the external dimension of the regular hexahedral extrusion concave die 1 is 50mm multiplied by 50mm, and the cross section dimension of each extrusion channel 11 is 10mm multiplied by 10 mm. Sample 4 (extruded billet) was an AM80 magnesium alloy at room temperature, and the dimensions of sample 4 were 10mm × 10mm × 8 mm. In the step (a), after the sample 4 is placed in the hexahedral cavity 12, a 10mm × 8mm face of the sample 4 faces the punch 3 which is finally placed. The finite element analysis determined that the optimum temperature of the extrusion die 1 was 327 c and the extrusion speed was 7mm/s, and the punches 3 in the six extrusion channels 11 were extruded once per one time in accordance with the method of example 1. Fig. 5 shows the initial phase diagram of sample 4, and fig. 6 (a) to (f) show the phase diagrams after completion of the extrusion for each pass of sample 4. It can be seen that the crystal grains are still equiaxed at the time of two extrusion passes (see a diagram and b diagram in fig. 6), as the number of extrusion passes increases, firstly part of deformation twin crystals are generated (see c diagram in fig. 6), then individual twin crystals are slightly distorted (see d diagram in fig. 6), then most of the twin crystals are mutually intersected (see e diagram in fig. 6), finally, a plurality of fine dynamic recrystallization crystal grains are generated in a small number of crystal grains, the size of the crystal grains is about 6 μm (see f diagram in fig. 6), and the strength of the magnesium alloy is increased at the time, but the plasticity is not obviously improved.
Application example 2:
the magnesium alloy ultrafine grain block material is prepared by adopting the equal channel extrusion die and the method in the embodiment 1, wherein the extrusion device adopts a J23-63T stamping device, the sample 4 (extrusion billet) is AM80 magnesium alloy which is insulated for 6 hours at the temperature of 410 ℃, and the size of the sample 4 is 10mm multiplied by 8 mm. In the step (a), after the sample 4 is placed in the hexahedral cavity 12, a 10mm × 8mm face of the sample 4 faces the punch 3 which is finally placed. Finite element analysis determined the die optimum temperature to be 428 c and the extrusion speed to be 9mm/s, and extrusion was performed once per punch 3 in six extrusion passes 11, as in example 1. Fig. 7 shows the initial phase diagram of sample 4, and fig. 8 (a) to (f) show the phase diagrams after completion of the extrusion for each pass of sample 4. It can be seen that after one extrusion pass, the crystal grains are equiaxed (see a diagram in fig. 8), a small amount of twin crystals (see b diagram in fig. 8) appear in the next pass, as the extrusion pass is increased, deformed twin crystals with partial slight distortion are generated (see c diagram in fig. 8), then most of the twin crystals are intersected with each other (see d diagram in fig. 8), then a plurality of fine dynamic recrystallization crystal grains appear in the crystal grains, the recrystallization volume fraction reaches 60% (see e diagram in fig. 8), finally the deformed twin crystals are converted into fine dynamic recrystallization crystal grains, the recrystallization volume fraction reaches 100%, and the crystal grain size is about 3 μm (see f diagram in fig. 8), so that the strength and the plasticity of the magnesium alloy are remarkably improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Modifications and variations that may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An equal channel extrusion die for preparing ultra-fine crystal block materials is characterized in that: including extrusion die (1) and base (2), extrusion die (1) is equipped with from six extrusion passageway (11) that the surface extends to inside, six extrusion passageway (11) are crossing to form a regular hexahedron die cavity (12), and each extrusion passageway (11) internal slip is equipped with one drift (3), base (2) are equipped with and are used for fixing a position extrusion die (1) and enable extrusion passageway (11) that arbitrary a pair of branch was located regular hexahedron die cavity (12) relative both sides and arrange according to the multiposition location mechanism who sets for the form, it arranges to set for the form: the punch (3) in one extrusion channel (11) of the pair of extrusion channels (11) is prevented from sliding outwards by the multi-position positioning mechanism, and the other extrusion channel (11) of the pair of extrusion channels (11) is positioned at an angle which can be extended into the punch (3) by an external extrusion piece to extrude the punch; the multi-position positioning mechanism also has a blocking surface which prevents the punches (3) in the other two pairs of extrusion channels (11) from sliding outwards when one pair of extrusion channels (11) is arranged according to a set form.
2. The equal channel extrusion die of claim 1, wherein: extrusion die (1) is the regular hexahedron type, and six extrusion passageway (11) correspond respectively and are located six sides of regular hexahedron type extrusion die (1), location counter bore (21) on multiposition positioning mechanism for locating base (2), the shape and the size of location counter bore (21) with the side of regular hexahedron type extrusion die (1) is unanimous.
3. The equal channel extrusion die of claim 2, wherein: the six extrusion channels (11) are respectively and correspondingly arranged at the central positions of six side faces of the regular hexahedron type extrusion female die (1), and the depth of the positioning counter bore (21) is smaller than one time of side length of the regular hexahedron type extrusion female die (1) and larger than one half of the side length of the regular hexahedron type extrusion female die (1).
4. The equal channel extrusion die of claim 2, wherein: the side length of the regular hexahedral extrusion female die (1) is L1, the side length of the regular hexahedral cavity (12) is L2, and the depth of the positioning counter bore (21) is (L1+ L2)/2.
5. The equal channel extrusion die of claim 2, wherein: the length of the punch (3) is equal to half of the difference value of the side length of the regular hexahedron type extrusion female die (1) minus the side length of the regular hexahedron type cavity (12).
6. The equal channel extrusion die of claim 2, wherein: the side wall of the positioning counter bore (21) is provided with a groove, and an avoiding space is formed between the groove and the extrusion female die (1) placed in the positioning counter bore (21).
7. A method for preparing an ultra-fine grained bulk material using the equal channel extrusion die of claim 1, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(A) putting the punch (3) into any five extrusion channels (11) of the extrusion female die (1), and positioning the extrusion female die (1) on the base (2) through a multi-position positioning mechanism to enable the extrusion channels (11) which are not put into the punch (3) to be positioned at an angle which can be extended by an external extrusion piece to extrude the punch (3); placing the sample (4) into a regular hexahedral cavity (12) from an extrusion channel (11) in which the punch (3) is not placed, and then placing the punch (3) into the extrusion channel (11) in which the punch (3) is not placed; the base (2) is installed and fixed on extrusion equipment, so that an extrusion channel (11) which is finally placed into the punch (3) is vertically arranged;
(B) extruding the punch (3) in the vertically arranged extruding channel (11) along the direction from top to bottom by adopting extruding equipment;
(C) changing the positioning angle of the extrusion female die (1) through a multi-position positioning mechanism to enable the other extrusion channel (11) to be vertically arranged, and extruding the punch (3) in the vertically arranged extrusion channel (11) by adopting extrusion equipment along the direction from top to bottom;
(D) and (C) repeating the step (C) until all the punches (3) in the extrusion channel (11) are extruded one by the extrusion equipment.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: in the step (A), the extrusion channel (11) is lubricated by using a lubricant before the punch (3) is placed in the extrusion channel (11), and the sample (4) is lubricated by using the lubricant before the sample (4) is placed in the hexahedral cavity (12).
9. The method of claim 7, wherein: and (C) repeating the step (C) after the punches (3) in all the extrusion channels (11) are extruded one by the extrusion equipment, so that the punches (3) in at least one extrusion channel (11) are extruded by the extrusion equipment more than twice.
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| CN106077118B (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2018-03-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of continuous processing device and processing method of ultrafine grain metal section bar |
| CN106040767B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2017-10-13 | 山东建筑大学 | The warm-extrusion forming technique and mould of a kind of high intensity fork universal joint |
| CN105921657B (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-06-29 | 合肥工业大学 | Prepare the two-way upsetting extrusion method of blanking type back pressure of refractory metal super fine crystal material |
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