CN109757281A - A kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method - Google Patents
A kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109757281A CN109757281A CN201910204608.9A CN201910204608A CN109757281A CN 109757281 A CN109757281 A CN 109757281A CN 201910204608 A CN201910204608 A CN 201910204608A CN 109757281 A CN109757281 A CN 109757281A
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Abstract
本发明具体涉及一种红枣幼树容器培育方法，主要解决了苗木质量不高，苗木须根少，生长慢，无法实现果园快速更新等技术问题。本发明在春季萌芽前，将红枣幼苗定植于控根育苗容器内，定植完成后，将栽培基质压实并把水浇透，待红枣幼苗发芽后，培养骨干枝，修剪以摘心、疏枝为主。定植后第二年修剪方法同第一年，在第二年的秋季枣树即可初步具有结果能力。本发明培育的红枣幼树具有成活率高、保证纯度、直接结果、四季定植、场地选择灵活等优点。The invention specifically relates to a container cultivation method for jujube young trees, which mainly solves the technical problems of low quality of seedlings, few fibrous roots, slow growth, and inability to realize rapid renewal of orchards. According to the method, the red jujube seedlings are planted in the root-controlling seedling raising container before germination in spring. After the planting is completed, the cultivation substrate is compacted and watered thoroughly. After the red jujube seedlings germinate, the backbone branches are cultivated, and pruning is performed by topping and thinning branches. host. The pruning method in the second year after planting is the same as that in the first year, and the jujube tree can initially have the ability to bear fruit in the autumn of the second year. The jujube saplings cultivated by the invention have the advantages of high survival rate, guaranteed purity, direct results, four-season planting, flexible site selection and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to a kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method.
Background technique
Jujube tree is the original important fruit tree in China, there is long cultivation history in China.It is jujube tree salt resistance alkali, barren-resistant, both
Drought resisting is again waterlogging, has very strong adaptability.Therefore, jujube tree not only has important economic value and planting trees on barren hills, improvement
The vanguard tree seed of ecological environment.In many areas, especially mountain area, jujube tree has evolved into the mainstay industry in rural area, in agriculture
Village shakes off poverty and sets out on the road to prosperity strive for a relatively comfortable life and realize Rural Sustainable Development during play an important role.
Currently, there are the following problems in terms of jujube cultivation: jujube tree orchard establishment is mostly crop field bare-root seeding, and there are nursery stocks
Of low quality, nursery stock fibrous root is few, and the surrival rate of afforestation is low, and seedling-slowing stage is long, grows the disadvantages of slow, and orchard, which is updated, at least needs 5
Year cannot achieve orchard and quickly update.
Summary of the invention
It is crop field bare-root seeding it is an object of the invention to solve jujube tree orchard establishment mostly, it is not high that there are seedling qualities, nursery stock palpus
Root is few, and the surrival rate of afforestation is low, and seedling-slowing stage is long, grows the disadvantages of slow, and orchard, which is updated, at least needed for 5 years, cannot achieve
The technical issues of orchard quickly updates provides a kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1. before spring rudiment, by biennial level-one jujube Seeding planting in control root container for plant growth in, fixed pole height
For 30-40cm, after the completion of field planting, cultivation matrix is compacted, and water is irrigated；
Step 2. is high from central authorities leader's bar after the germination of jujube seedling after field planting at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of First Year
At 50-60cm up, select and remain the Secondary Branch of sprouting for cultivating skeleton branch, First Year selects and remain 4-6 altogether, skeleton branch between the upper and lower away from
For 15-20cm, angle is in 120 degree of spirals, and first skeleton branch bud below is all erased, to save trunk infusion；
Late June late May-of step 3. First Year after field planting trims based on pinching, sparse branching, reaches in Secondary Branch
Pinching is carried out when to 30-40cm, when trunk extending head grows to 0.8 meter to promote Secondary Branch and trunk thickening, and removes master in time
The branch of first Secondary Branch lower part sprouting is done, in order to avoid consumption nutrient, meanwhile, 1 bamboo pole is found against every plant of jujube tree trunk, it will
Jujube tree trunk extending head is tied up on bamboo pole, and advantage is done in guarantee；
Step 4. is on the basis of First Year, the early April of second year after field planting, the Secondary Branch base portion select and remain to the prior year
1-2 jujube stock cutting back is stayed, promotes the main bud on jujube stock to sprout culture major branch, in late June late May-, when trunk extending head is long
To 0.7 meter, pinching when major branch grows to 0.5-0.8 meters；
The Secondary Branch sprouted on second year trunk extending head and trunk after field planting is trimmed by First Year pruning method, and is selected and remain
3-4 Secondary Branch is to cultivate second layer major branch；
1.8 meters of height can be cultivated into the autumn of second year, 1-1.5 meters of tree crown, side shoot amount is 8-10, is tentatively had
Bearing capacity is suitble to the cylinder of facility cultivation to produce tree-like jujube treelet.
Further, the cultivation matrix in the step 1 is made of the raw material that following volumes matches: 2-3 parts of garden mould, decomposed
1-2 parts of the apple tree branch for being ground into diameter 5mm or so, 1-2 parts decomposed of the pear tree branch for being ground into diameter 5mm or so,
Decomposed 1 part of cow dung, 1 part of river sand, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining agent, 1 part of particle slow-release or control-release fertilizer and trace element fertilizer
0.3-0.7 parts, which forms a full nutrition cultivation matrix raw material relatively stable and with buffer function.
Further, it is 40cm that root container for plant growth diameter is controlled in the step 1, and a height of 40cm, root container nursery is cultivated excellent
Point is to take root that fast, the amount of taking root is big, plant percent is high, transplanting is convenient, can transplant throughout the year.
Further, the jujube treelet cultivation container method further includes watering link, concrete operation method are as follows: the 4-5 month
Part poured a water every 2-3 days；It needs in 6-7 month to pour a water daily, if the excessively high needs of temperature respectively pour once sooner or later；8-10
Poured a water month every 3-4 days；Winter needs to pour primary jelly water before freezing；Watering will irrigate every time, cannot pour and partly intercept water,
Irrigation amount is the principal element that container seedling supports growth, and particularly important according to the variation watering of synoptic season temperature and humidity, watering will pour
Thoroughly, should not be upper wet lower dry, grasp it is bad will result in water shortage or more water phenomenons, it is unfavorable to seedling growth.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) nutrient growth of direct result, early period is completed in nursery, is cultivated by suitable pruning technique suitable
Close the reasonable tree-like of different cultivation modes, just there is basic tree structure in when field planting, may be implemented current year and is colonized current year and blooms
As a result, being directly entered fruiting period, the waiting time is shortened, more conventional planting stock morning 2-3, which enters result peak period, reduces soil
The waste of resource.
2) high survival rate, conventional nursery stock are being out of the garden in mining process, and root system can all come to harm, and slow seedling is needed to sprout again
New root, injured heavier survival rate are low.And in container culturing system, seedling root is grown in container always, when field planting not
Seedling root group can be destroyed, after cultivation can continued growth, no seedling-slowing stage, survival rate almost absolutely.
3) guarantee purity, foreknowledge fruit, then plant tree, the superiority and inferiority of fruit can be identified in advance, guarantee the pure of kind.
4) industrial seedling rearing, place election is flexibly, it can be achieved that industrial seedling rearing.Early period, seedling can rationally " dense planting ", nursery stock
It is big to expand seeding row spacing, reasonable intensive utilization place again.
5) four seasons are colonized, and breach the season limit of plantation, can be planted with the four seasons, realize whole year supply.
Specific embodiment
The following is a clear and complete description of the technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention, it is clear that described embodiment
Only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, the common skill in this field
Art personnel every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
Embodiment 1
A kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1. before spring rudiment, by biennial level-one jujube Seeding planting in diameter be 40cm, the control of a height of 40cm
In root container for plant growth, fixed pole height is 30cm, after the completion of field planting, cultivation matrix is compacted, the cultivation matrix is by with lower body
The raw material of product proportion is made: 2 parts of garden mould, decomposed is ground into diameter at 1 part decomposed of the apple tree branch for being ground into diameter 5mm
1 part of the pear tree branch of 5mm, 1 part decomposed of cow dung, 1 part of river sand, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining agent, particle delay controlled release
1 part and 0.3 part of trace element fertilizer of fertilizer, and water is irrigated.
Step 2. is high from central authorities leader's bar after the germination of jujube seedling after field planting at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of First Year
At 50cm up, select and remain the Secondary Branch of sprouting for cultivating skeleton branch, First Year selects and remain 4 altogether, skeleton branch between the upper and lower away from for
15cm, angle are in 120 degree of spirals, and first skeleton branch bud below is all erased, to save trunk infusion；
Late June late May-of step 3. First Year after field planting trims based on pinching, sparse branching, reaches in Secondary Branch
Pinching is carried out when to 30cm, when trunk extending head grows to 0.8 meter to promote Secondary Branch and trunk thickening, and is removed on trunk in time
The branch that first Secondary Branch lower part is sprouted, in order to avoid consumption nutrient, meanwhile, 1 bamboo pole is found against every plant of jujube tree trunk, by jujube tree
Trunk extending head is tied up on bamboo pole, and advantage is done in guarantee；
Step 4. is on the basis of First Year, the early April of second year after field planting, the Secondary Branch base portion select and remain to the prior year
1 jujube stock cutting back is stayed, promotes the main bud on jujube stock to sprout culture major branch, in late June late May-, when trunk extending head is grown to
0.7 meter, pinching when major branch grows to 0.5 meter；
The Secondary Branch sprouted on second year trunk extending head and trunk after field planting is trimmed by First Year pruning method, and is selected and remain
3 Secondary Branchs are to cultivate second layer major branch；
1.8 meters of height can be cultivated into the autumn of second year, 1 meter of tree crown, side shoot amount 8, tentatively there is bearing capacity,
It is suitble to the cylinder of facility cultivation to produce tree-like jujube treelet.
Poured a water 4-5 month every 2-3 days；It needs in 6-7 month to pour a water daily, be needed sooner or later if temperature is excessively high
It respectively pours primary；Poured a water 8-10 month every 3-4 days；Winter needs to pour primary jelly water before freezing；Watering will irrigate every time,
It cannot pour and partly intercept water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1. before spring rudiment, by biennial level-one jujube Seeding planting in diameter be 40cm, the control of a height of 40cm
In root container for plant growth, fixed pole height is 33cm, after the completion of field planting, cultivation matrix is compacted, the cultivation matrix is by with lower body
The raw material of product proportion is made: 2.5 parts of garden mould, decomposed is ground into 1.5 parts decomposed of the apple tree branch for being ground into diameter 5mm
1.5 parts of the pear tree branch of diameter 5mm, 1 part decomposed of cow dung, 1 part of river sand, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining agent, particle
1 part and 0.4 part of trace element fertilizer of slow-release or control-release fertilizer, and water is irrigated；
Step 2. is high from central authorities leader's bar after the germination of jujube seedling after field planting at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of First Year
At 53cm up, select and remain the Secondary Branch of sprouting for cultivating skeleton branch, First Year selects and remain 5 altogether, skeleton branch between the upper and lower away from for
17cm, angle are in 120 degree of spirals, and first skeleton branch bud below is all erased, to save trunk infusion；
Late June late May-of step 3. First Year after field planting trims based on pinching, sparse branching, reaches in Secondary Branch
Pinching is carried out when to 33cm, when trunk extending head grows to 0.8 meter to promote Secondary Branch and trunk thickening, and is removed on trunk in time
The branch that first Secondary Branch lower part is sprouted, in order to avoid consumption nutrient, meanwhile, 1 bamboo pole is found against every plant of jujube tree trunk, by jujube tree
Trunk extending head is tied up on bamboo pole, and advantage is done in guarantee；
Step 4. is on the basis of First Year, the early April of second year after field planting, the Secondary Branch base portion select and remain to the prior year
1 jujube stock cutting back is stayed, promotes the main bud on jujube stock to sprout culture major branch, in late June late May-, when trunk extending head is grown to
0.7 meter, pinching when major branch grows to 0.6 meter；
The Secondary Branch sprouted on second year trunk extending head and trunk after field planting is trimmed by First Year pruning method, and is selected and remain
3 Secondary Branchs are to cultivate second layer major branch；
1.8 meters of height can be cultivated into the autumn of second year, 1.2 meters of tree crown, side shoot amount 9, tentatively there is result energy
Power is suitble to the cylinder of facility cultivation to produce tree-like jujube treelet.
Poured a water 4-5 month every 2-3 days；It needs in 6-7 month to pour a water daily, be needed sooner or later if temperature is excessively high
It respectively pours primary；Poured a water 8-10 month every 3-4 days；Winter needs to pour primary jelly water before freezing；Watering will irrigate every time,
It cannot pour and partly intercept water.
Embodiment 3
A kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1. before spring rudiment, by biennial level-one jujube Seeding planting in diameter be 40cm, the control of a height of 40cm
In root container for plant growth, fixed pole height is after the completion of 36cm is colonized, cultivation matrix to be compacted, the cultivation matrix is by following volumes
The raw material of proportion is made: 3 parts of garden mould, decomposed is ground into diameter 5mm at 2 parts decomposed of the apple tree branch for being ground into diameter 5mm
2 parts of pear tree branch, 1 part decomposed of cow dung, 1 part of river sand, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining agent, particle slow-release or control-release fertilizer 1
Part and 0.5 part of trace element fertilizer, and water is irrigated；
Step 2. is high from central authorities leader's bar after the germination of jujube seedling after field planting at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of First Year
At 56cm up, select and remain the Secondary Branch of sprouting for cultivating skeleton branch, First Year selects and remain 6 altogether, skeleton branch between the upper and lower away from for
19cm, angle are in 120 degree of spirals, and first skeleton branch bud below is all erased, to save trunk infusion；
Late June late May-of step 3. First Year after field planting trims based on pinching, sparse branching, reaches in Secondary Branch
Pinching is carried out when to 36cm, when trunk extending head grows to 0.8 meter to promote Secondary Branch and trunk thickening, and is removed on trunk in time
The branch that first Secondary Branch lower part is sprouted, in order to avoid consumption nutrient, meanwhile, 1 bamboo pole is found against every plant of jujube tree trunk, by jujube tree
Trunk extending head is tied up on bamboo pole, and advantage is done in guarantee；
Step 4. is on the basis of First Year, the early April of second year after field planting, the Secondary Branch base portion select and remain to the prior year
2 jujube stock cutting backs are stayed, promote the main bud on jujube stock to sprout culture major branch, in late June late May-, when trunk extending head is grown to
0.7 meter, pinching when major branch grows to 0.7 meter；
The Secondary Branch sprouted on second year trunk extending head and trunk after field planting is trimmed by First Year pruning method, and is selected and remain
4 Secondary Branchs are to cultivate second layer major branch；
1.8 meters of height can be cultivated into the autumn of second year, 1.4 meters of tree crown, side shoot amount 10, tentatively there is result energy
Power is suitble to the cylinder of facility cultivation to produce tree-like jujube treelet.
Poured a water 4-5 month every 2-3 days；It needs in 6-7 month to pour a water daily, be needed sooner or later if temperature is excessively high
It respectively pours primary；Poured a water 8-10 month every 3-4 days；Winter needs to pour primary jelly water before freezing；Watering will irrigate every time,
It cannot pour and partly intercept water.
Embodiment 4
A kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1. before spring rudiment, by biennial level-one jujube Seeding planting in diameter be 40cm, the control of a height of 40cm
In root container for plant growth, fixed pole height is after the completion of 40cm is colonized, cultivation matrix to be compacted, the cultivation matrix is by following volumes
The raw material of proportion is made: 3 parts of garden mould, decomposed is ground into diameter 5mm at 2 parts decomposed of the apple tree branch for being ground into diameter 5mm
2 parts of pear tree branch, 1 part decomposed of cow dung, 1 part of river sand, 1 part of perlite, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of water-retaining agent, particle slow-release or control-release fertilizer 1
Part and 0.7 part of trace element fertilizer, and water is irrigated；
Step 2. is high from central authorities leader's bar after the germination of jujube seedling after field planting at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of First Year
At 60cm up, select and remain the Secondary Branch of sprouting for cultivating skeleton branch, First Year selects and remain 6 altogether, skeleton branch between the upper and lower away from for
20cm, angle are in 120 degree of spirals, and first skeleton branch bud below is all erased, to save trunk infusion；
Late June late May-of step 3. First Year after field planting trims based on pinching, sparse branching, reaches in Secondary Branch
Pinching is carried out when to 40cm, when trunk extending head grows to 0.8 meter to promote Secondary Branch and trunk thickening, and is removed on trunk in time
The branch that first Secondary Branch lower part is sprouted, in order to avoid consumption nutrient, meanwhile, 1 bamboo pole is found against every plant of jujube tree trunk, by jujube tree
Trunk extending head is tied up on bamboo pole, and advantage is done in guarantee；
Step 4. is on the basis of First Year, the early April of second year after field planting, the Secondary Branch base portion select and remain to the prior year
2 jujube stock cutting backs are stayed, promote the main bud on jujube stock to sprout culture major branch, in late June late May-, when trunk extending head is grown to
0.7 meter, pinching when major branch grows to 0.8 meter；
The Secondary Branch sprouted on second year trunk extending head and trunk after field planting is trimmed by First Year pruning method, and is selected and remain
4 Secondary Branchs are to cultivate second layer major branch；
1.8 meters of height can be cultivated into the autumn of second year, 1.5 meters of tree crown, side shoot amount 10, tentatively there is result energy
Power is suitble to the cylinder of facility cultivation to produce tree-like jujube treelet.
Poured a water 4-5 month every 2-3 days；It needs in 6-7 month to pour a water daily, be needed sooner or later if temperature is excessively high
It respectively pours primary；Poured a water 8-10 month every 3-4 days；Winter needs to pour primary jelly water before freezing；Watering will irrigate every time,
It cannot pour and partly intercept water.
It although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, can be with
A variety of variations, modification, replacement can be carried out to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention by understanding
And modification, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1. is before spring rudiment, and by biennial level-one jujube Seeding planting in control root container for plant growth, fixed pole height is 30-
After the completion of field planting, cultivation matrix is compacted, and water is irrigated by 40cm；
Step 2. is after field planting at the beginning of -5 months mid-Aprils of First Year, after the germination of jujube seedling, from the high 50- of central authorities leader's bar
At 60cm up, select and remain the Secondary Branch of sprouting for cultivating skeleton branch, First Year selects and remain 4-6 altogether, skeleton branch between the upper and lower away from for
15-20cm, angle are in 120 degree of spirals, and first skeleton branch bud below is all erased, to save trunk infusion；
Late June late May-of step 3. First Year after field planting trims based on pinching, sparse branching, reaches 30- in Secondary Branch
Pinching is carried out when 40cm, when trunk extending head grows to 0.8 meter to promote Secondary Branch and trunk thickening, and removes on trunk the in time
The branch that one Secondary Branch lower part is sprouted, in order to avoid consumption nutrient, meanwhile, 1 bamboo pole is found against every plant of jujube tree trunk, by jujube tree master
Dry extending head is tied up on bamboo pole, and advantage is done in guarantee；
Step 4. is on the basis of First Year, and the early April of second year after field planting stays 1- to the Secondary Branch base portion that the prior year selects and remain
2 jujube stock cutting backs promote the main bud on jujube stock to sprout culture major branch, in late June late May-, when trunk extending head is grown to
0.7 meter, pinching when major branch grows to 0.5-0.8 meters；
The Secondary Branch sprouted on second year trunk extending head and trunk after field planting is trimmed by First Year pruning method, and selects and remain 3-4
A Secondary Branch is to cultivate second layer major branch；
1.8 meters of height can be cultivated into the autumn of second year, 1-1.5 meters of tree crown, side shoot amount is 8-10, tentatively has result
Ability is suitble to the cylinder of facility cultivation to produce tree-like jujube treelet.
2. a kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cultivation in the step 1
Training matrix is made of the raw material that following volumes matches: 2-3 parts of garden mould, the decomposed apple tree branch for being ground into diameter as 5mm
1-2 parts, decomposed be ground into 1-2 parts of pear tree branch, 1 part decomposed of cow dung, 1 part of the river sand, 1 part of perlite, leech that diameter is 5mm
1 part of stone, 1 part of water-retaining agent, 1 part of particle slow-release or control-release fertilizer and 0.3-0.7 parts of trace element fertilizer.
3. a kind of jujube treelet cultivation container method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: control root in the step 1
Container for plant growth diameter is 40cm, a height of 40cm.
4. a kind of jujube treelet cultivation container technology according to claim 1-3, it is characterised in that: the jujube
Treelet cultivation container method further includes watering link, concrete operation method are as follows: poured a water 4-5 month every 2-3 days；The 6-7 month
Part needs to pour a water daily, if the excessively high needs of temperature respectively pour once sooner or later；Poured a water 8-10 month every 3-4 days；Winter
It needs to pour primary jelly water before freezing in season；Watering will irrigate every time, cannot pour and partly intercept water.
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| CN110169349A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-27 | 万仲武 | A kind of off-season cultivation method of jujube tree |
| CN111567312A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-25 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Fertilizer and water coupling method and irrigation equipment under grape root-limiting cultivation condition |
| CN117581765A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-23 | 上海市绿化管理指导站 | Planting matrix formula, preparation method, application, tree hole structure and planting method |
| CN117581764A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-23 | 上海市绿化管理指导站 | Planting matrix formula, preparation method, application, tree pit structure and planting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110169349A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-27 | 万仲武 | A kind of off-season cultivation method of jujube tree |
| CN111567312A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-08-25 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Fertilizer and water coupling method and irrigation equipment under grape root-limiting cultivation condition |
| CN117581765A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-23 | 上海市绿化管理指导站 | Planting matrix formula, preparation method, application, tree hole structure and planting method |
| CN117581764A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-23 | 上海市绿化管理指导站 | Planting matrix formula, preparation method, application, tree pit structure and planting method |
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Application publication date: 20190517 |