CN109757003B - Automatic control method for submerged arc furnace - Google Patents
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- CN109757003B CN109757003B CN201910166645.5A CN201910166645A CN109757003B CN 109757003 B CN109757003 B CN 109757003B CN 201910166645 A CN201910166645 A CN 201910166645A CN 109757003 B CN109757003 B CN 109757003B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic control method of a submerged arc furnace, which comprises the following steps: presetting control parameters of electrical information of the submerged arc furnace; and monitoring the operation parameters of each electrical information of the submerged arc furnace, and automatically adjusting the electrode lifting, the electrode pressure releasing and the transformer gear according to whether each operation parameter meets the preset condition. The automatic control method of the submerged arc furnace solves the problems of low power and high energy consumption of the submerged arc furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic control, in particular to an automatic control method for a submerged arc furnace.
Background
The current automatic control method of the submerged arc furnace is computer and manual operation, current fluctuation, manual pressure discharge electrodes and control electrodes move up and down are controlled manually, furnace condition fluctuation is judged manually, and the following defects exist by adopting manual judgment and operation:
1. the misjudgment is easily caused because the manual work has strong personal thought, subjective judgment, emotion and other factors.
2. Data are collected and sorted manually, omission exists in judgment and analysis, and analysis of big data is not comprehensive enough.
3. If manual operation is not timely, conditions such as missing operation or misoperation are easily caused.
4. The existing furnace control method can only control the furnace according to secondary current and active power, and electrode feeding materials are shallower and shallower usually for keeping active power. After the electrode becomes shallow, the power must be reduced when the electrode is inserted, and workers are not willing to reduce the power too much, so that the electrode cannot be lowered all the time. Does the operator not know whether to raise or lower the electrode when the current becomes large? Is the current flowing small, is the bottom electrode or the voltage boost? Therefore, the existing furnace has unstable condition, low efficiency and high energy consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low power and high energy consumption of a submerged arc furnace and provides an automatic control method of the submerged arc furnace.
According to one aspect of the invention, the automatic control method for the submerged arc furnace comprises the following steps:
presetting control parameters of electrical information of the submerged arc furnace;
and monitoring the operation parameters of each electrical information of the submerged arc furnace, and automatically adjusting the electrode lifting, the electrode pressure releasing and the transformer gear according to whether each operation parameter meets the preset condition.
Optionally, the submerged arc furnace automatic control method includes: electrode feed depth, electrode mean depth, arc voltage, electrode current, active power, electrode length, and pressure discharge time.
Optionally, the method for automatically controlling the submerged arc furnace includes the steps of performing automatic adjustment of electrode lifting, electrode pressure releasing and transformer gear according to whether each operating parameter meets a preset condition, and before: judging whether the three-phase electrode current is balanced, and if the three-phase electrode current is balanced, carrying out electrode lifting, electrode pressure releasing and automatic adjustment of the gear of the transformer according to whether each operation parameter meets a preset condition; otherwise, the three-phase electrode current is leveled.
Optionally, the method for automatically controlling the submerged arc furnace, which automatically adjusts the electrode lifting, the electrode pressure releasing and the transformer gear according to whether each operating parameter meets a preset condition, includes: adjusting the lifting of the electrode according to whether the monitored operation parameters of the average depth of the electrode, the arc voltage and the electrode current are within the preset control parameter range; adjusting the gear of the transformer according to whether the monitored active power and the operation parameters of the electrode current are within the range of preset control parameters; and adjusting the electrode pressure and discharge according to whether the monitored operation parameters of the electrode length and the pressure and discharge time are within the preset control parameter range.
Optionally, the submerged arc furnace automatic control method specifically comprises the following steps: judging whether the monitored average depth of the electrode exceeds a preset control parameter, and if the average depth of the electrode exceeds the preset control parameter, the electrode is raised or lowered totally; otherwise, judging whether the monitored arc voltage is not less than a preset control parameter and whether the electrode current is greater than the preset control parameter, if so, totally increasing the electrode when the electrode feeding depth is not less than the upper limit of the control parameter; otherwise, judging whether the monitored arc voltage is not greater than a preset control parameter and whether the electrode current is less than the preset control parameter, if so, if not, the electrode total drop is carried out when the electrode feeding depth is not greater than the lower limit of the control parameter; otherwise, judging whether the monitored active power is greater than the upper limit value of the control parameter, and if so, reducing the first-gear voltage of the transformer; otherwise, judging whether the monitored active power is smaller than the lower limit value of the control parameter and whether the electrode current is smaller than the preset control parameter, if so, increasing the first-gear voltage of the transformer; otherwise, judging whether the monitored electrode length is greater than a preset control parameter and whether the shortest time is exceeded from the last pressure release, and if so, carrying out single-phase pressure release; otherwise, judging whether the monitored electrode length is greater than a preset control parameter and whether the maximum time is exceeded from the last pressure release, and if so, performing single-phase pressure release.
Optionally, in the automatic submerged arc furnace control method, the three-phase electrode current is leveled by adopting a strip phase principle.
Optionally, the method for automatically controlling the submerged arc furnace further includes performing modeling operation on the monitored operation parameters of the electrical information of the submerged arc furnace, and updating the control parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following effects: the method can realize automatic lifting of the electrode, automatic pressure releasing of the electrode and automatic adjustment of the gear of the transformer. The problems of unstable furnace conditions, low efficiency and high energy consumption are solved. Compared with the prior manual furnace control mode, the electric furnace has more stable operation, reduced unit power consumption and increased yield under the condition of the same furnace charge and furnace condition, and achieves the purposes of increasing production and saving electricity.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic control method for a submerged arc furnace, including the steps of:
step S1, presetting control parameters of each electrical information of the submerged arc furnace;
in the embodiment of the invention, the electrical information of the submerged arc furnace comprises the communication information of all instruments, the design parameter information of the submerged arc furnace and the transformer information for the electric furnace, such as: electrode feeding depth, electrode average depth, arc voltage, electrode current, active power, electrode length, pressure discharge time, resistivity, electrode consumption, electrode displacement, furnace variable overload protection multiple, sectional control setting and the like. The control parameters of the electric information of the submerged arc furnace comprise: the method comprises the following steps of setting an upper active power limit, a lower active power limit, an electrode current allowable value, a longest pressure discharge time, a shortest pressure discharge time, an electrode shallow limit, an electrode deep limit, an electrode displacement uplink limit, an electrode displacement downlink limit, an electrode current density, an arc voltage control value, electrode consumption, a furnace variable overload protection multiple, a pressure discharge one-time downward movement amount, an electrode length control value, standard resistivity, standard furnace discharge electric quantity and sectional control setting. Different control parameters are set according to different furnace conditions. The most key technology for realizing the automatic control of the submerged arc furnace is the accurate measurement of the feeding depth of the electrode.
The electrode feeding depth adopts an external magnetic field method, and a magnetic field signal generated outside a furnace body when the electrode works is measured through an electromagnetic sensor. Because the large current of the electrode during working can generate a magnetic field outside the furnace body, the magnetic field intensity can change due to the difference of the inserting depth of the electrode, a magnetic field signal is measured by the electromagnetic sensor, and the position of the electrode in the submerged arc furnace is obtained by utilizing the magnetic field. The electrode feed depth is analyzed over a period of time and is related to the smelting cycle, so that both automatic and manual operation must be blocked. Other control parameters
Furthermore, the electrode feeding depth is verified by adjusting the reference magnetic impedance coefficient. When the system is just put into operation, the electrode feeding depth needs to be checked, the displayed value is matched with the actual value, if the system is operated for a period of time, the displayed value and the actual value still have deviation, and the accuracy of the information of the electrode feeding depth is improved.
The setting of the electrode feeding depth and the upper and lower limits of the active power is the key for controlling the success of the furnace, and the preset conditions of the electrode feeding depth and the upper and lower limits of the active power are as follows:
firstly, the active setting value is large, the electrode works shallow, the active setting is low, and the electrode works deep;
② the electrode is over-top, the electrode is still large?
If the furnace temperature is not high, the upper limit value of the depth is reduced a little, the electrode is continuously lifted instead of being depressurized,
if the furnace temperature is higher than normal, the electrode is too shallow, and the voltage and the load can be reduced;
and thirdly, the electrode is slowly lowered, the electrode can be lowered when the current is small, but the electrode is lowered, and at the moment, if the electrode does not exceed the intermediate value, the electric quantity of the electrode can be increased, so that the electrode can be lowered continuously.
And fourthly, the electrode is deep, so that the thickening of the solid material layer is facilitated, the heat dissipation of the furnace surface is reduced, but the power of the electrode is reduced too much due to the deep electrode, the yield is reduced, so that the reasonable upper and lower limits of the electrode are set to be critical, and the working range of the electrode corresponding to the stage with good furnace condition can be found out from historical data and used as the set value of the electrode feeding depth.
Fifthly, as long as the current is small enough and the active power is large enough, the electrodes can be struggled to be inserted more, and even if the electrodes are lowered to the lower limit, the lower limit feeding depth can be adjusted to be large.
Sixthly, the electrode is not extracted in the electrode extracting stage, the electrode cannot be extracted in the lower electrode stage, the electrode is extracted because the current exceeds, and if the electrode is not extracted, the voltage is reduced and the active power is reduced. The electrode must be operated at a depth at least below the middle line of the set upper and lower limits in the latter half of the smelting because the furnace temperature is the highest in the latter half and the required insulating layer is thicker. It is important to ensure that the bath temperature is high enough, to extend tapping time to increase furnace temperature, and to adjust tapping capacity or tapping time so that each furnace ladle is substantially full. For example, a ladle can hold 32 tons, and if a furnace is taken out and 29 tons are held, the next furnace can be taken out with 2 tons of electricity.
Seventhly, when the actual active power exceeds the upper limit active power set value, the voltage is automatically reduced; when the active power is lower than the lower limit active set value, and the electrode current is less than 0.98 times of the allowable value, the voltage is boosted.
When confirming that the electrode is shallow, because the molten pool has moved up, the active upper and lower limits need to be adjusted down gradually, the electrode upper and lower limits need not to be adjusted too big step by step, the lower electrode can be adjusted down to the bottom line, if the furnace can reach the bottom line, the lower furnace increases the lower limit by 20, and the electrode is gradually maintained. This process may take several days, and after the electrodes are lowered into position, the active power is stepped up, each increment being based on the average depth of the electrodes which can be lowered to the bottom line. If slag turning is easy to occur in the later stage of smelting, the electrode is too deep, the lower limit of the feeding depth of the electrode is lifted up at the moment, and other parameters are not changed.
Ninthly, the distance between the upper limit and the lower limit of the electrode feeding depth is 100 mm.
And (c) when the temperature of the observation furnace is higher, uniformly adjusting the electrode feeding depth limit value to be deeper, and conversely, adjusting the electrode feeding depth limit value to be shallower.
The control parameter of the electrode current is based on that the water temperature is not exceeded, and when no low-voltage compensation is available, the setting of the electrode current range value also needs to consider that the secondary current and the primary current of the furnace transformer are not overloaded.
The electrode displacement is measured by a stay wire meter counter, signals are displayed on a computer after analog-to-digital conversion, but display data often have deviation from actual displacement, and at the moment, the electrode displacement display value can be corrected to be matched with the actual displacement.
Step S2: and monitoring the operation parameters of each electrical information of the submerged arc furnace, and automatically adjusting the electrode lifting, the electrode pressure releasing and the transformer gear according to whether each operation parameter meets the preset condition.
Before the electrode lifting, the electrode pressure releasing and the automatic adjustment of the transformer gear are carried out according to whether each operation parameter meets the preset condition: judging whether the three-phase electrode current is balanced, and if the three-phase electrode current is balanced, carrying out electrode lifting, electrode pressure releasing and automatic adjustment of the gear of the transformer according to whether each operation parameter meets a preset condition; otherwise, the three-phase electrode current is leveled. If the three-phase electrode current is unbalanced and the current three-phase deviation is more than 3%, leveling the current by adopting a band-phase principle; in the leveling process, the feeding depth difference of the deepest and shallowest electrodes is not more than 130mm, so that the three-phase electrode current is balanced.
If the current is not balanced, whether the difference between the deepest electrode and the shallowest electrode exceeds 130mm is judged, if so, whether the electrode displacement is that a certain phase moves too much continuously is judged, if so, the electrode displacement is maintained, if not, the deepest electrode is reduced by 30 through electrode verification, and the shallowest electrode is increased by 30.
The invention carries out electrode lifting, electrode pressure releasing and automatic adjustment of the transformer gear according to whether each operation parameter meets the preset condition, comprising the following steps: adjusting the lifting of the electrode according to whether the monitored operation parameters of the average depth of the electrode, the arc voltage and the electrode current are within the preset control parameter range; adjusting the gear of the transformer according to whether the monitored active power and the operation parameters of the electrode current are within the range of preset control parameters; and adjusting the electrode pressure and discharge according to whether the monitored operation parameters of the electrode length and the pressure and discharge time are within the preset control parameter range.
Referring to fig. 2, a specific embodiment of the present invention: judging whether the monitored average depth of the electrode exceeds a preset control parameter, and if the average depth of the electrode exceeds the preset control parameter, the electrode is raised or lowered totally; otherwise, judging whether the monitored arc voltage is not less than a preset control parameter and whether the electrode current is greater than the preset control parameter, if so, totally increasing the electrode when the electrode feeding depth is not less than the upper limit of the control parameter; otherwise, judging whether the monitored arc voltage is not greater than a preset control parameter and whether the electrode current is less than the preset control parameter, if so, if not, the electrode total drop is carried out when the electrode feeding depth is not greater than the lower limit of the control parameter; otherwise, judging whether the monitored active power is greater than the upper limit value of the control parameter, and if so, reducing the first-gear voltage of the transformer; otherwise, judging whether the monitored active power is smaller than the lower limit value of the control parameter and whether the electrode current is smaller than the preset control parameter, if so, increasing the first-gear voltage of the transformer; otherwise, judging whether the monitored electrode length is greater than a preset control parameter and whether the shortest time is exceeded from the last pressure release, and if so, carrying out single-phase pressure release; otherwise, judging whether the monitored electrode length is greater than a preset control parameter and whether the maximum time is exceeded from the last pressure release, and if so, performing single-phase pressure release.
The principle of automatic electrode adjustment is as follows:
the three-phase current is preferably leveled, when the maximum electrode current of one phase is greater than an allowable value, the three-phase electrode is synchronously lifted, when the average depth of the three phases is less than the upper limit value of the depth, the electrode is not lifted any more, and at the moment, if the electrode current is still excessive, the three-phase voltage is synchronously reduced;
when the electrode current is less than 0.97 times of the allowable value, the three-phase synchronous lower electrode is not used until the lower limit value of the depth is reached, and when the current is still small, the three-phase synchronous boosting is carried out.
In the current leveling process, the deviation between the maximum electrode feeding depth and the minimum electrode feeding depth is not more than 120mm, for example, the shallowest electrode feeding depth of a certain electrode is 1100, if the deepest phase is judged to need to be inserted with leveling current, but the maximum feeding is over 1200mm, the electrode cannot be inserted at this time.
The principle of the control method of the invention is as follows:
firstly, the current is large, the electrode is extracted, and when the average depth of the electrode is smaller than the upper limit value, the voltage is reduced when the current is large;
secondly, the current is small, the electrode is arranged at the lower part, the average depth of the electrode is larger than the lower limit, and the voltage is increased when the current is small;
controlling in five stages, wherein the starting time and the ending time of each stage can be set by a worker, and if the worker wants to start in advance, the electric quantity of the starting point is reduced; and increasing the electric quantity of the ending point if the user wants to end at a later point.
Fourthly, when the active power is larger than the upper limit value, the voltage is reduced, and when the power is not high, the upper limit value of the active power is reduced, otherwise, the upper limit value of the active power is increased.
When the active power is less than the lower limit value, if the current is allowed, the boosting is preferentially carried out.
Sixthly, in the lower electrode stage, if the electrode is not under the middle line (for example, the upper limit is 1100mm, the lower limit is 1400mm, the middle value is 1250mm), the operating system can force the lower electrode, and if the current exceeds, the voltage can be reduced, and the function is to ensure that the electrode must be lowered to a certain depth.
Seventhly, when the total length of the electrodes is larger than a set value, the electrodes are pressed and placed at the longest time interval; when the total length of the electrode is less than a set value, the electrode is pressed and released according to the shortest time.
In another embodiment of the invention, the automatic submerged arc furnace control method further comprises the steps of carrying out modeling operation on the monitored operation parameters of the electrical information of the submerged arc furnace and updating the control parameters. The method updates the control parameters of the electrical information of the preset submerged arc furnace, and the updated control parameters are utilized under the preset conditions, so that the control efficiency is improved, and the energy efficiency is further saved.
In order to further explain the operation method of the invention, the automatic control furnace of the silicomanganese furnace is taken as an example as follows:
the control rule of the furnace control is as follows:
1. the current gradually increases at the initial stage of smelting and gradually decreases at the later stage, and each furnace periodically changes;
2. three furnace control methods are adopted corresponding to the changes, and are shown in the following table:
3. the relation between the electrode feeding depth and active and production indexes is as follows:
firstly, the electrode is inserted deeply, the heat dissipation of the furnace surface is less, the furnace burden absorbs more gasified metal and smoke dust, the ore consumption and the power consumption are reduced, the environment is protected, the active power is reduced, and the yield is influenced.
Secondly, the electrode is inserted shallowly, the active power is high, the output is high, but the heat dissipation of the furnace surface is large, the furnace burden absorbs little gasified metal and smoke dust, the ore consumption is high and the power consumption is also high. Therefore, an optimal furnace control parameter needs to be found among the active power, the output and the unit consumption.
The electrode becomes shallow, and the applied active power must be reduced; the electrode has a lower value to the upper limit.
Fourthly, the electrode becomes deep, and the applied active power can be increased; the work of the electrode can be maximized up to the lower limit.
Referring to fig. 3, the automatic control method of the submerged arc furnace of the invention operates in an automatic control system of the submerged arc furnace, the automatic control system of the submerged arc furnace comprises a data acquisition system 1, a data processing system 2 and an automatic control system 3,
the data acquisition system 1 is used for monitoring the operating parameters of the electrical information of the submerged arc furnace and sending the operating parameters to the data processing unit. Such as: collecting operation parameters such as electrode feeding depth, electrode current and the like.
The data processing system 2 is used for presetting control parameters of electrical information of the submerged arc furnace, carrying out modeling operation by utilizing the operation data acquired by the data acquisition system, the set range value of the control parameters and the parameters of the transformer for the electric furnace to obtain required furnace control parameters, and outputting control switching values to the automatic control system.
And the automatic control system 3 is used for carrying out electrode lifting, electrode pressure releasing and automatic adjustment of the gear of the transformer according to whether the received operating parameters of the data processing system meet preset conditions.
The production of each furnace is logged in the operating system so that the system performs an energy consumption analysis of each furnace. If the output of the single furnace is forgotten to be input or the input is incorrect during the operation period, the output and the smelting time can be modified, and after the modification is completed, the automatic control system of the submerged arc furnace can automatically perform data operation again to obtain new energy consumption data of the single furnace.
When the automatic control system of the submerged arc furnace is restarted in operation, please record the electrode feeding depth before the program is stopped, check according to the depth after restarting or check according to the actually measured depth, and input the electric quantity for the furnace.
When the automatic control system of the submerged arc furnace does not need to be started again for a long time, the submerged arc furnace is operated manually for one day, the eyes are required to be blocked on time in the period, and the electrode feeding depth can be automatically checked to be a more accurate value gradually after one day.
Claims (4)
1. An automatic control method for a submerged arc furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
presetting control parameters of electrical information of the submerged arc furnace, wherein the electrical information of the submerged arc furnace comprises: electrode feeding depth, electrode average depth, arc voltage, electrode current, active power, electrode length and pressure discharge time;
monitoring the operation parameters of each electrical information of the submerged arc furnace, and automatically adjusting the electrode lifting, the electrode pressure releasing and the transformer gear according to whether each operation parameter meets the preset condition, wherein the method comprises the following steps: adjusting the lifting of the electrode according to whether the monitored operation parameters of the average depth of the electrode, the arc voltage and the electrode current are within the preset control parameter range; adjusting the gear of the transformer according to whether the monitored active power and the operation parameters of the electrode current are within the range of preset control parameters; adjusting the electrode pressure and discharge according to whether the monitored operation parameters of the electrode length and the pressure and discharge time are within the range of preset control parameters; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: judging whether the monitored average depth of the electrode exceeds a preset control parameter, and if the average depth of the electrode exceeds the preset control parameter, the electrode is raised or lowered totally; otherwise, judging whether the monitored arc voltage is not less than a preset control parameter and whether the electrode current is greater than the preset control parameter, if so, totally increasing the electrode when the electrode feeding depth is not less than the upper limit of the control parameter; otherwise, judging whether the monitored arc voltage is not greater than a preset control parameter and whether the electrode current is less than the preset control parameter, if so, if not, the electrode total drop is carried out when the electrode feeding depth is not greater than the lower limit of the control parameter; otherwise, judging whether the monitored active power is greater than the upper limit value of the control parameter, and if so, reducing the first-gear voltage of the transformer; otherwise, judging whether the monitored active power is smaller than the lower limit value of the control parameter and whether the electrode current is smaller than the preset control parameter, if so, increasing the first-gear voltage of the transformer; otherwise, judging whether the monitored electrode length is greater than a preset control parameter and whether the shortest time is exceeded from the last pressure release, and if so, carrying out single-phase pressure release; otherwise, judging whether the monitored electrode length is greater than a preset control parameter and whether the maximum time is exceeded from the last pressure release, and if so, performing single-phase pressure release.
2. The automatic submerged arc furnace control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the electrode lifting, the electrode pressure releasing and the automatic adjustment of the transformer gear are carried out according to whether the operation parameters meet the preset conditions: judging whether the three-phase electrode current is balanced, and if the three-phase electrode current is balanced, carrying out electrode lifting, electrode pressure releasing and automatic adjustment of the gear of the transformer according to whether each operation parameter meets a preset condition; otherwise, the three-phase electrode current is leveled.
3. The automatic submerged arc furnace control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: and the leveling three-phase electrode current adopts a strip phase principle to level the three-phase current.
4. The automatic submerged arc furnace control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and modeling operation is carried out on the operation parameters of the monitored electric information of the submerged arc furnace, and the control parameters are updated.
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| CN114659373B (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2023-08-01 | 宁夏昌茂祥冶炼有限公司 | Submerged arc furnace system with automatic lifting electrode and control method thereof |
| CN114990272A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-09-02 | 山西太钢万邦炉料有限公司 | Operation method of constant electrode and constant electric field electrode of large submerged arc furnace |
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| CN208337163U (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2019-01-04 | 成都市中朋达电气有限公司 | Mineral hot furnace intelligent powerless compensation system |
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