CN109753712A - A kind of optimum design method of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument - Google Patents
A kind of optimum design method of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN109753712A CN109753712A CN201811618609.XA CN201811618609A CN109753712A CN 109753712 A CN109753712 A CN 109753712A CN 201811618609 A CN201811618609 A CN 201811618609A CN 109753712 A CN109753712 A CN 109753712A
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Abstract
A kind of optimum design method of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument, steps are as follows: 1, describing Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument basic model using Monte Carlo software；2, the performance indicator for wanting optimization is chosen；3, its adjustable material variables, size variable, configuration variable, location variable is determined according to basic model；4, genetic algorithm parameters are set；5, in preset range of variables, primary population of a variety of different models as genetic algorithm is generated at random；6, simulation calculates performance indicator selected by the step 2 of this every kind of model of generation；7, all models of filial generation are obtained according to genetic algorithm, selects the model X of best performance；Whether reached by genetic algebra and presets whether total algebra N and performance close to preset need decide whether return step 6；Through the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument that can mostly obtain required function admirable for genetic optimization；The method of the present invention can be designed the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument of different essential structures for different demands performance, widely used.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to neutron detection technical fields, and in particular to a kind of optimization design side of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument
Method.
Background technique
China's nuclear industry is in high-speed development period, and nuclear safety more shows important, proposes newly to the exhibition of radiation-measurment equipment
Requirement.To realize effective dosage supervision, it is ensured that the safe and smooth development of related work, ambient dose equivalent of neutron rate instrument are wide
It is general to be applied to each field of nuclear industry.
From the point of view of radiation protection, people often concern radiation damage caused by human body, theoretically
This possible damage should be assessed by effective dose, and in actual measurement, generally use Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent close as it
It instructs to protect like value.
Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument be exactly it is a kind of for measuring neutron field at certain point caused by ambient dose equivalent of neutron
Radiation meter, can be divided by application places fixed and two kinds portable, design principle is similar.In addition to above-mentioned
Each field of the nuclear industry referred to, Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument are also widely used for environmental monitoring, large-scale activity security and science
The fields such as research guarantee.
At present lot of domestic and international scholar designed many Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument, many function admirables of successful design
Instrument models, while there are also deficiencies: since actual neutron field energy range is very wide, existing ambient neutron dose equivalent meter
Energy response it is generally poor, intermediate energy region and hot-zone are respectively present significantly to cross and respond and response is insufficient especially near 5keV
Problem, and domestic market is monopolized by external product for a long time.Therefore, develop that a kind of performance is more excellent, lower-cost new neutron week
Enclosing Dose Equivalent Ratemeter seems particularly necessary and urgent.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rates
The optimum design method of instrument, 1) its model is optimized by Monte Carlo simulation combination genetic algorithm program, without manually pass through through
Test adjustment.It 2), can as long as setting different quantitative targets reaches corresponding effect of optimization for required different performance
For optimizing the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument in various different application fields, different performance requirement.
To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of optimum design method of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument, includes the following steps:
Step 1: the basic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument is described using Monte Carlo software；
Step 2: choosing the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument performance indicator to be optimized；
Step 3: determining that the i.e. preset model of its adjustable variable becomes according to the basic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument
Amount, including material variables m, size variable d, configuration variable f and location variable p；
Step 4: setting the parameters of genetic algorithm, comprising: material variables m, size variable d, configuration variable f and position
Variation range, number of bits PRECI, total genetic algebra N, total population number M, crossing-over rate px, aberration rate pm and the generation gap of variable p
GGAP；Material variables m, size variable d, configuration variable f and position is set according to the realistic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument to become
Number of bits PRECI is arranged according to the variation range of variable m, d, f, p in the variation range for measuring p, substantially former according to genetic algorithm
Reason sets total genetic algebra N, total population number M, crossing-over rate px, aberration rate pm and generation gap GGAP.
Step 5: it is random to generate the different model of M kind in the parameter ranges of preset model variable, as genetic algorithm
Population primary, each model X correspond to the material of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument a kind of, size, shape, position design side
Case；
Step 6: for each model X in this generation, calculating in step 2 and to optimize using Monte Carlo software simulation
Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument performance indicator；
Step 7: follow-on M kind model being generated according to the basic principle of genetic algorithm, therefrom selecting in step 2 will optimize
The optimal model X of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument performance indicatorIt is excellent；Decide whether return step 6 according to following judgment rule；
Judgment rule are as follows: whether genetic algebra i at this time is more than or equal to preset total genetic algebra N and at this time
Whether performance is close to required performance；If the relative error of the performance and required performance that simulate at this time is less than or equal to default precision,
Then illustrate to be optimized to default precision, then exports the optimal model of the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument performance indicator to be optimized at this time
XIt is excellent；If i is more than or equal to N, illustrates the final algebra for being optimized to setting, then exports the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate to be optimized
The optimal model X of instrument performance indicatorIt is excellent；Otherwise, illustrate the total algebra N of the heredity of also not up to setting and the neutron dose to be optimized
Equivalent rates instrument performance indicator also unmet demand, return step 6 carry out follow-on simulation.
The step 2 Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument performance indicator to be optimized is energy response curve flatness η, angular response curve
Consistency ζ or detection efficient maximum value ε.
Step 5, step 6 and step 7 use genetic algorithm, pass through the selection operator of genetic algorithm, crossover operator and variation
Operator generates filial generation model to carry out the optimization of model.
The setting scheme of parameter in step 4 are as follows: total genetic algebra N is more than or equal to 80, and total population number M is more than or equal to 80, hands over
Fork rate px is 0.95~0.99, and aberration rate pm is 0.001, and generation gap GGAP is 0.8~0.9.
The present invention optimizes the geometry mould of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument by genetic algorithm combination Monte Carlo software simulation
Type structure has the advantage that compared with prior art
The basic geometry of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument in step 1 according to circumstances can be selected arbitrarily, such as spherical structure
Or tubular structure, method have universality, flexibility using upper.
Performance indicator can define according to demand in step 2, including energy response curve flatness η, angular response curve one
Cause property ζ and detection efficient maximum value ε, method have universality and flexibility using upper.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is example Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument basic model schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument model energy response curve after genetic algorithm optimization.
Fig. 4 is every generation optimum performance change curve during genetic algorithm optimization.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Below to design a kind of new neutron Neutron Ambient Dose Equivalent rate instrument model for pursuing Neutron energy responce plateau
It is described in detail, specific method process is as shown in Figure 1.
Step 1: the basic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument is described using Monte Carlo software, as shown in Fig. 2, three ball of helium
Slowing down layer is wrapped up outside shape counter, includes one layer of cadmium layer in slowing down layer, and outermost layer is metal-back, arrangement cylinder in slowing down layer
Hanker subchannel.Wherein, slowing down layer choosing polyethylene layer, metal-back select iron material.
Step 2: choosing the instrument performance index for wanting optimization, the present embodiment wants optimality criterion to be set as neutron dose
The energy response curve flatness η of equivalent rates instrument.
η is specific is defined as:
Wherein σ is the standard deviation of data in each energy area,For the average value of data, n is fetched by each energy area
The total number at strong point, i indicate the data sequence number from 1 to n, xiFor for each energy point, the energy response of the model.In reality
In program, n is neutron energy 101 points that section is uniformly chosen in logarithmic coordinates from 1E-8MeV to 100MeV.
Step 3: according to the basic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument determine its adjustable variable (including material variables m,
Size variable d, configuration variable f, location variable p).
The basic geometry of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument is as shown in Figure 2, it is contemplated that angular response consistency, on slow body
It has been arranged symmetrically 26 and has hankered subchannel.Five size variable d are set altogether1~d5, it is position d1, the cadmium piece of cadmium piece respectively
Thickness d 2, the thickness d 3 of entire polyethylene slow body, the thickness d of iron plate 4 and the radius d5 for hankering subchannel.
Following table is the unit vector of thermal neutron channel direction:
Table 1 hankers subchannel azimuth table
Step 4: setting the parameters of genetic algorithm, comprising: the variation range of variable m, d, f, p, number of bits
PRECI, total genetic algebra N, total population number M, crossing-over rate px, aberration rate pm and generation gap GGAP.According to Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument
Realistic model setting variable m, d, f, p variation range, according to the variation range of variable m, d, f, p setting determine number of bits
PRECI sets total genetic algebra N, total population number M, crossing-over rate px, aberration rate pm and generation gap according to genetic algorithm basic principle
GGAP。
Model structure variable d1~d5Range constrained by following equations group, unit cm:
1.65≤d1≤10
0≤d2≤2
d1+d2≤d3≤d1+d2+15
0≤d4≤2
0≤d5≤1
Specific parameter setting are as follows: total algebra N is set as 80, total population number M and is set as 80, generation gap GGAP being set as 0.90, intersect
Probability p x is set as 0.97, mutation probability pm and is set as 0.001, number of bits PRECI being set as 20.
Step 5: it is random to generate the different model of M kind in the parameter ranges of preset model variable m, d, f, p, as
The population primary of genetic algorithm, each model X correspond to the material of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument a kind of, size, shape, position
Design scheme；
Step 6: for each model X in this generation, being simulated using Monte Carlo software selected by calculating in step 2
Performance indicator, i.e. energy response curve flatness η；
Neutron source in Monte Carlo software is set as being parallel to the rounded face source of sphere model, and neutron radioactivity uniformly divides
Be distributed in face source, NEUTRON EMISSION direction be it is unidirectional, perpendicular to face source, energy is single energy.The energy for repeating to change neutron source can mould
It is quasi- to obtain energy response curve.
Step 7: generating all models of filial generation further according to the basic principle of genetic algorithm, therefrom select performance indicator η most
Excellent model XIt is excellent,.Decide whether return step 4 according to following judgment rule；
Judgment rule are as follows: whether genetic algebra i at this time is more than or equal to preset total algebra N and performance at this time is
It is no close to required performance.By taking the energy response curve flatness η in example as an example, if | (η-η0)/η0| < < ε0(ε0For precision,
η0For demand flatness), then illustrate to be optimized to default precision, then exports the mould that energy response curve flatness η is optimal at this time
Type XIt is excellent；If i is more than or equal to N, illustrates the final algebra for being optimized to setting, then exports energy response curve flatness η
Optimal model XIt is excellent.Otherwise, then illustrate the total algebra N of the heredity of also not up to setting and energy response curve flatness η is also not
Meet demand, return step 6 carry out follow-on simulation.
Wherein: desired unevenness degree η0It is set as 3%, precision ε0It is set as 0.1%, final operation to 80 generations terminates, no
Flatness η0It is optimized to 8.2%, if algebra N setting is bigger, can also be advanced optimized.
Embodiment
A kind of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument model that pursuit energy response curve is flat has been obtained by the method for the invention.Its
Energy response as shown in figure 3, the energy response curve of the model from 1E-8MeV to 1MeV, section is very flat,.
The best unevenness degree performance of every generation in genetic algorithm is recorded, as shown in Figure 4, it is seen that genetic algorithm is in entire mistake
Effect of optimization in journey is significant, if computing resource is enough, can set the more genetic algebras of more populations, advanced optimize knot
Fruit.
The size variable d of final mask1~d5Numerical value it is as shown in the table, length unit is cm:
2 final mask structural parameters table of table
| Three radius of sphericity of helium | Cadmium piece position | Cadmium piece thickness | Slowing down body thickness | Iron-clad thickness | Thermal neutron channel radius | Number of perforations |
| 1.65 | 3.2648 | 0.425 | 7.5574 | 0.7547 | 0.7246 | 26 |
This Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument is more consistent to the remolding sensitivity of the neutron of 1E-8MeV to 1MeV as seen from Figure 3,
Energy response maximum value and minimum in entire scope are 0.2384cm2And 0.4538cm2, maximum all near 0.01MeV
Fluctuation is 31.1%, and the uneven degree that average relative fluctuation is for we is 8.2%, and average neutron sensitivity is
0.3745cm2, preferably realize performance objective.The Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate model that this method obtains, for complicated energy
The detection of neutron field can obtain reliable result.
Compared with the flat long counter of existing pursuit energy response curve, performance is also more excellent, especially in 1E-6MeV
With down toward the section 1E-8MeV, model energy response is flat more than current long counter, the long counter design of existing literature
Energy response flat region can not be extended to thermal neutron range.
It is designed additionally, due to using symmetrical structure, designed model has excellent angular response curve conformity.
The Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument of other geometrical constructions can also be optimized, not limited to the method for the present invention
The bulbous configuration lifted in example, other such as tubular structures.It can also be to neutron Dose Equivalent Ratemeter with the method
Other parameters (material, shape, location parameter) optimize, the geometric dimension parameter being not limited in example.We
Method can also (energy response curve flatness η, angular response curve be consistent for different performance needed for the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument
Property ζ or detection efficient maximum value ε) it optimizes respectively.For example, the angular response optimization of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument is carried out,
The variable increase of model can be hankered to the parameters such as density, direction, the depth of subchannel, with the Dose Equivalent Ratemeter to different angle
And the relative fluctuation δ of the sensitivity of different-energy neutron carries out Genetic Algorithm optimized design to model as performance indicator.It is comprehensive
On, the method for the present invention can be designed the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument of different essential structures for different demands performance, purposes
Extensively.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of optimum design method of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: the basic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument is described using Monte Carlo software；
Step 2: choosing the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument performance indicator to be optimized；
Step 3: the i.e. preset model variable of its adjustable variable being determined according to the basic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument, is wrapped
Include material variables m, size variable d, configuration variable f and location variable p；
Step 4: setting the parameters of genetic algorithm, comprising: material variables m, size variable d, configuration variable f and location variable
Variation range, number of bits PRECI, total genetic algebra N, total population number M, crossing-over rate px, aberration rate pm and the generation gap of p
GGAP；Material variables m, size variable d, configuration variable f and position is set according to the realistic model of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument to become
Number of bits PRECI is arranged according to the variation range of variable m, d, f, p in the variation range for measuring p, substantially former according to genetic algorithm
Reason sets total genetic algebra N, total population number M, crossing-over rate px, aberration rate pm and generation gap GGAP.
Step 5: it is random to generate the different model of M kind in the parameter ranges of preset model variable, as the first of genetic algorithm
For population, each model X correspond to the material of Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument a kind of, size, shape, position design scheme；
Step 6: for each model X in this generation, being calculated using Monte Carlo software simulation in being optimized in step 2
Sub- Dose Equivalent Ratemeter performance indicator；
Step 7: follow-on M kind model being generated according to the basic principle of genetic algorithm, is therefrom selected in step 2 in being optimized
The optimal model X of sub- Dose Equivalent Ratemeter performance indicatorIt is excellent；Decide whether return step 6 according to following judgment rule；
Judgment rule are as follows: whether genetic algebra i at this time is more than or equal to preset total genetic algebra N and performance at this time
Whether close to required performance；If the relative error of the performance and required performance that simulate at this time is less than or equal to default precision, say
It is bright to be optimized to default precision, then export the optimal model X of the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument performance indicator to be optimized at this timeIt is excellent；Or
If person i is more than or equal to N, illustrate the final algebra for being optimized to setting, then exports the Neutron Dose Equivalent Rate instrument to be optimized
It can the optimal model X of indexIt is excellent；Otherwise, illustrate the total algebra N of the heredity of also not up to setting and the neutron DE to be optimized
Rate instrument performance indicator also unmet demand, return step 6 carry out follow-on simulation.
2. optimum design method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 2 neutron DE to be optimized
Rate instrument performance indicator is energy response curve flatness η, angular response curve conformity ζ or detection efficient maximum value ε.
3. optimum design method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 5, step 6 and step 7 are using heredity
Algorithm generates filial generation model by the selection operator of genetic algorithm, crossover operator and mutation operator to carry out the optimization of model.
4. optimum design method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the setting scheme of parameter in step 4 are as follows: total to lose
Passage number N is more than or equal to 80, and total population number M is more than or equal to 80, and crossing-over rate px is 0.95~0.99, and aberration rate pm is 0.001, generation
Ditch GGAP is 0.8~0.9.
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Application publication date: 20190514 |