CN109741671A - 一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置 - Google Patents
一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109741671A CN109741671A CN201910043266.7A CN201910043266A CN109741671A CN 109741671 A CN109741671 A CN 109741671A CN 201910043266 A CN201910043266 A CN 201910043266A CN 109741671 A CN109741671 A CN 109741671A
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- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper oxide Chemical compound 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[Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229960004643 Cupric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000973497 Siphonognathus argyrophanes Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,包括演示台、竖筒、伸缩杆、试管夹、蜡烛、酒精灯和试管,演示台的顶端一侧边固定有竖筒,竖筒的内部为镂空结构,竖筒的内部底端一侧边固定有电机,电机的输出轴与转轴一连接,转轴一的顶端固定有涡轮,涡轮的一侧边设有连接板,连接板靠近涡轮的一侧中部固定有固定板一,固定板一靠近涡轮的一侧边固定有与涡轮相适配的涡杆,连接板远离固定板一的一侧边固定有固定板二,固定板二远离连接板的一侧边固定有滑板,竖筒侧边且与滑板相对应的位置开设有与滑板相适配的滑槽,滑板远离固定板二的一侧边固定有伸缩杆,伸缩杆远离滑板的一端固定有万向节,万向节远离伸缩杆的一端固定有试管夹。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及教学演示技术领域,具体来说,涉及一种不完全燃烧的实验演示方法及装置。
背景技术
不完全燃烧是一种重要的化学变化,发生不完全燃烧时,由于燃料未能将可以放出的发热量全部释放,不仅造成了燃料的浪费而且还会污染环境。在教学过程中,为了向学生演示不完全燃烧现象,现有技术中常常采用将玻璃片盖在酒精灯火焰上方,得出不完全燃烧产物中含有炭黑和一氧化碳的结论,但是现有技术中难以直观点燃燃烧所产生的黑烟,学生无法直观的了解不完全燃烧的现象,同时也无法验证到一氧化碳的存在,不方便学生的观看。
综上所述,如何能够直观的展示未完全燃烧是目前急需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的技术任务是针对以上不足,提供一种不完全燃烧的实验演示方法及装置,来解决上述问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,包括演示台、竖筒、伸缩杆、试管夹、蜡烛、酒精灯和试管,所述演示台的顶端一侧边固定有所述竖筒,所述竖筒的内部为镂空结构,所述竖筒的内部底端一侧边固定有电机,所述电机的输出轴与转轴一连接,所述转轴一的顶端固定有涡轮,所述涡轮的一侧边设有连接板,所述连接板靠近所述涡轮的一侧中部固定有固定板一,所述固定板一靠近所述涡轮的一侧边固定有与所述涡轮相适配的涡杆,所述连接板远离所述固定板一的一侧边固定有固定板二,所述固定板二远离所述连接板的一侧边固定有滑板,所述竖筒侧边且与所述滑板相对应的位置开设有与所述滑板相适配的滑槽,所述滑板远离所述固定板二的一侧边固定有伸缩杆,所述伸缩杆远离所述滑板的一端固定有万向节,所述万向节远离所述伸缩杆的一端固定有所述试管夹,所述试管夹内固定有所述试管,所述演示台的顶端且位于所述试管夹的下方分别固定有所述蜡烛和所述酒精灯。
进一步的,所述涡轮的两侧边均通过支座与所述竖筒的内部侧边固定连接。
进一步的,所述连接板的顶端和低端且远离所述固定板一的一侧边均固定有齿条,所述竖筒的内壁与所述齿条相对应的位置均固定有与所述齿条相适配的齿轮。
进一步的,所述演示台的底端边角处均固定有伸缩支腿,所述伸缩支腿的底端固定有防滑垫板。
进一步的,所述演示台的内部设置有收纳腔,所述收纳腔的外部一侧边开设有开口,所述开口处设有挡板。
进一步的,所述演示台的一侧边固定有控制按钮,且所述控制按钮与所述电机控制连接。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种不完全燃烧的实验演示方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将准备的蜡烛固定在演示台上并点燃;
(2)将一支试管固定在试管夹上,并调整伸缩杆和万向节使得试管位于蜡烛的正上方且与蜡烛相平行,使得开口的试管一端位于点燃的蜡烛的正上方,同时试管的直径大于蜡烛的直径;
(3)逐步调节滑板的高度从而调节试管到蜡烛之间的距离,使得试管距离蜡烛越来越近并将蜡烛的火焰浸入试管的内部,观察试管内部的变化;
(4)取另一只试管,并用锉刀截掉试管的底部,并让试管底部削尖 45度,对试管内壁进行湿润并放入氧化铜粉末;
(5)将试管固定在试管夹上,调节伸缩杆的长度和万向节的角度,使得试管保持水平同时试管口向上倾斜,并将试管调整到位于蜡烛的上方;
(6)调节滑板的滑动从而调节试管到蜡烛的高度,改变蜡烛到试管之间的距离,并使得点燃的蜡烛插入两头通的试管中;
(7)让蜡烛火焰在试管内燃烧,并将蜡烛火焰对准试管削尖处的下方燃烧;
(8)点燃酒精灯,并将酒精灯火焰对准试管中的氧化铜粉末部分加热;
(9)看到试管中的氧化铜粉末变红后先熄灭酒精灯的火焰,待试管冷却后再熄灭蜡烛,观察实验现象。
本发明的有益效果:
1、可以直观的看到蜡烛燃烧的烟雾中含有未燃烧的炭黑生成,同时氧化铜的颜色变化明显,可以看到蜡烛未完全燃烧的产物中含有一氧化碳的存在,更加方便人们的观察和观看。
2、本发明的方法简单易行,实验现象明显,生动有趣,说服力强,可广泛应用于初、高中化学教学及科普教育中。
3、本发明的结构操作简单,方便演示人员的操作和控制,同时节省劳动力。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是根据本发明实施例的不完全燃烧的实验演示装置结构示意图;
图2是根据本发明实施例的竖筒内部的结构示意图;
图3是根据本发明实施例的不完全燃烧的实验演示方法步骤图。
图中:
1、演示台;2、竖筒;3、伸缩杆;4、试管夹;5、电机;6、转轴一; 7、涡轮;8、连接板;9、固定板一;10、涡杆;11、固定板二;12、滑板;13、滑槽;14、万向节;15、支座;16、齿条;17、齿轮;18、伸缩支腿; 19、防滑垫板;20、挡板;21、控制按钮;22、蜡烛;23、酒精灯;24、试管。
具体实施方式
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。另外,术语“包括”及其任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一,如图1-2所示,根据本发明实施例的一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,包括演示台1、竖筒2、伸缩杆3、试管夹4、蜡烛22、酒精灯 23和试管24,所述演示台1的顶端一侧边固定有所述竖筒2,所述竖筒2 的内部为镂空结构,所述竖筒2的内部底端一侧边固定有电机5,所述电机5的输出轴与转轴一6连接,所述转轴一6的顶端固定有涡轮7,所述涡轮7的一侧边设有连接板8,所述连接板8靠近所述涡轮7的一侧中部固定有固定板一9,所述固定板一9靠近所述涡轮7的一侧边固定有与所述涡轮7相适配的涡杆10,所述连接板8远离所述固定板一9的一侧边固定有固定板二11,所述固定板二11远离所述连接板8的一侧边固定有滑板12,所述竖筒2侧边且与所述滑板12相对应的位置开设有与所述滑板 12相适配的滑槽13,所述滑板12远离所述固定板二11的一侧边固定有伸缩杆3,所述伸缩杆3远离所述滑板12的一端固定有万向节14,所述万向节14远离所述伸缩杆3的一端固定有所述试管夹4,所述试管夹4内固定有所述试管24,所述演示台1的顶端且位于所述试管夹4的下方分别固定有所述蜡烛22和所述酒精灯23。
实施例二,如图2所示,所述涡轮7的两侧边均通过支座15与所述竖筒2的内部侧边固定连接。
实施例三,如图2所示,所述连接板8的顶端和低端且远离所述固定板一9的一侧边均固定有齿条16,所述竖筒2的内壁与所述齿条16相对应的位置均固定有与所述齿条16相适配的齿轮17;通过连接板8一的运动带动齿条16的运动,齿条16的运动带动齿轮17的转动。
实施例四,如图1所示,所述演示台1的底端边角处均固定有伸缩支腿 18,所述伸缩支腿18的底端固定有防滑垫板19;通过伸缩支腿18可以方便调节演示台1的高度,从而方便人们的观看,防滑垫板19可以防止打滑,更加利于装置的安全。
实施例五,如图1所示,所述演示台1的内部设置有收纳腔,所述收纳腔的外部一侧边开设有开口,所述开口处设有挡板20;通过收纳腔可以收纳演示用的实验品,同时可以保护实验用品的安全。
实施例六,如图1所示,所述演示台1的一侧边固定有控制按钮21,且所述控制按钮21与所述电机5控制连接;通过控制按钮21可以方便控制电机5的转动,进而方便演示和操作,更加方便人们的调节和使用。
实施例七,如图3所示,根据本发明实施例的一种不完全燃烧的实验演示方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将准备的蜡烛固定在演示台上并点燃;
(2)将一支试管固定在试管夹上,并调整伸缩杆和万向节使得试管位于蜡烛的正上方且与蜡烛相平行,使得开口的试管一端位于点燃的蜡烛的正上方,同时试管的直径大于蜡烛的直径;
(3)逐步调节滑板的高度从而调节试管到蜡烛之间的距离,使得试管距离蜡烛越来越近并将蜡烛的火焰浸入试管的内部,观察试管内部的变化;
(4)取另一只试管,并用锉刀截掉试管的底部,并让试管底部削尖 45度,对试管内壁进行湿润并放入氧化铜粉末;
(5)将试管固定在试管夹上,调节伸缩杆的长度和万向节的角度,使得试管保持水平同时试管口向上倾斜,并将试管调整到位于蜡烛的上方;
(6)调节滑板的滑动从而调节试管到蜡烛的高度,改变蜡烛到试管之间的距离,并使得点燃的蜡烛插入两头通的试管中;
(7)让蜡烛火焰在试管内燃烧,并将蜡烛火焰对准试管削尖处的下方燃烧;
(8)点燃酒精灯,并将酒精灯火焰对准试管中的氧化铜粉末部分加热;
(9)看到试管中的氧化铜粉末变红后先熄灭酒精灯的火焰,待试管冷却后再熄灭蜡烛,观察实验现象。
具体工作流程:通过移动试管24到蜡烛22之间的距离,使得试管24 距离蜡烛22越近,火焰进入试管24的内部越多,蜡烛燃烧需要的氧气越少,燃烧的越不充分,冒出的黑烟就越多,更加方便人们直观地观看实验的结果,说明产物中含有大量的未燃烧的碳颗粒,当试管24离蜡烛22较远时可以观察到蜡烛22燃烧的火焰越明亮,无明显的黑烟冒出,可以直观的看到有未燃烧的炭黑,同时通过将蜡烛22不完全燃烧的火焰中的气体通入试管中,观察另一支试管内部的氧化铜粉末的变化,可以观察到氧化铜变色明显,从而可以证明不完全燃烧产物中含有一氧化碳的存在,可以方便人们直观的观察到不完全燃烧的产物的,通过外部的控制按钮21可以方便控制电机5的转动,通过电机5的转动带动涡轮7的转动,涡轮7的转动带动涡杆10随着移动,从而通过涡杆10的运动带动连接板8和滑板12 的滑动,通过滑板12的滑动可以方便调节试管24与蜡烛22之间的距离,更加方便调节和使用,节省劳动力,方便教师的演示,同时通过万向节14 可以方便调节试24管的角度,从而更加方便实验的演示。
综上所述,借助于本发明的上述技术方案,通过本实验可以直观的看到蜡烛22燃烧的烟雾中含有未燃烧的炭黑生成,同时氧化铜的颜色变化明显,可以看到蜡烛22未完全燃烧的产物中含有一氧化碳的存在,更加方便人们的观察和观看;本发明的方法简单易行,实验现象明显,生动有趣,说服力强,可广泛应用于初、高中化学教学及科普教育中;本发明的结构操作简单,方便演示人员的操作和控制,同时节省劳动力。
通过上面具体实施方式,所述技术领域的技术人员可容易的实现本发明。但是应当理解,本发明并不限于上述的具体实施方式。在公开的实施方式的基础上,所述技术领域的技术人员可任意组合不同的技术特征,从而实现不同的技术方案。
Claims (7)
1.一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,其特征在于,包括演示台(1)、竖筒(2)、伸缩杆(3)、试管夹(4)、蜡烛(22)、酒精灯(23)和试管(24),所述演示台(1)的顶端一侧边固定有所述竖筒(2),所述竖筒(2)的内部为镂空结构,所述竖筒(2)的内部底端一侧边固定有电机(5),所述电机(5)的输出轴与转轴一(6)连接,所述转轴一(6)的顶端固定有涡轮(7),所述涡轮(7)的一侧边设有连接板(8),所述连接板(8)靠近所述涡轮(7)的一侧中部固定有固定板一(9),所述固定板一(9)靠近所述涡轮(7)的一侧边固定有与所述涡轮(7)相适配的涡杆(10),所述连接板(8)远离所述固定板一(9)的一侧边固定有固定板二(11),所述固定板二(11)远离所述连接板(8)的一侧边固定有滑板(12),所述竖筒(2)侧边且与所述滑板(12)相对应的位置开设有与所述滑板(12)相适配的滑槽(13),所述滑板(12)远离所述固定板二(11)的一侧边固定有伸缩杆(3),所述伸缩杆(3)远离所述滑板(12)的一端固定有万向节(14),所述万向节(14)远离所述伸缩杆(3)的一端固定有所述试管夹(4),所述试管夹(4)内固定有所述试管(24),所述演示台(1)的顶端且位于所述试管夹(4)的下方分别固定有所述蜡烛(22)和所述酒精灯(23)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,其特征在于,所述涡轮(7)的两侧边均通过支座(15)与所述竖筒(2)的内部侧边固定连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,其特征在于,所述连接板(8)的顶端和低端且远离所述固定板一(9)的一侧边均固定有齿条(16),所述竖筒(2)的内壁与所述齿条(16)相对应的位置均固定有与所述齿条(16)相适配的齿轮(17)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,其特征在于,所述演示台(1)的底端边角处均固定有伸缩支腿(18),所述伸缩支腿(18)的底端固定有防滑垫板(19)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,其特征在于,所述演示台(1)的内部设置有收纳腔,所述收纳腔的外部一侧边开设有开口,所述开口处设有挡板(20)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种不完全燃烧的实验演示装置,其特征在于,所述演示台(1)的一侧边固定有控制按钮(21),且所述控制按钮(21)与所述电机(5)控制连接。
7.一种不完全燃烧的实验演示方法,其特征在于,用于权利要求1所述的不完全燃烧的实验演示装置的演示,包括以下步骤:
(1)将准备的蜡烛固定在演示台上并点燃;
(2)将一支试管固定在试管夹上,并调整伸缩杆和万向节使得试管位于蜡烛的正上方且与蜡烛相平行,使得开口的试管一端位于点燃的蜡烛的正上方,同时试管的直径大于蜡烛的直径;
(3)逐步调节滑板的高度从而调节试管到蜡烛之间的距离,使得试管距离蜡烛越来越近并将蜡烛的火焰浸入试管的内部,观察试管内部的变化;
(4)取另一只试管,并用锉刀截掉试管的底部,并让试管底部削尖45度,对试管内壁进行湿润并放入氧化铜粉末;
(5)将试管固定在试管夹上,调节伸缩杆的长度和万向节的角度,使得试管保持水平同时试管口向上倾斜,并将试管调整到位于蜡烛的上方;
(6)调节滑板的滑动从而调节试管到蜡烛的高度,改变蜡烛到试管之间的距离,并使得点燃的蜡烛插入两头通的试管中;
(7)让蜡烛火焰在试管内燃烧,并将蜡烛火焰对准试管削尖处的下方燃烧;
(8)点燃酒精灯,并将酒精灯火焰对准试管中的氧化铜粉末部分加热;
(9)看到试管中的氧化铜粉末变红后先熄灭酒精灯的火焰,待试管冷却后再熄灭蜡烛,观察实验现象。
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