CN109687925A - A kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator and method - Google Patents
A kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
- H04B17/3911—Fading models or fading generators
Abstract
Present disclose provides a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator and methods, multichannel baseband channel simulator of the disclosure based on software and radio technique, channel simulation is carried out to baseband signal, a variety of channel models may be implemented, meet a variety of channel fading types and Doppler frequency spectrum requirement, have many advantages, such as it is easy to operate, it is at low cost.
Description
Technical field
This disclosure relates to a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator and method.
Background technique
Only there is provided background technical informations relevant to the disclosure for the statement of this part, it is not necessary to so constitute first skill
Art.
Channel simulator can simulate influence of the practical communication scene to radio signal propagation in the lab, be widely applied
In the research and development and test of communication equipment.With the high speed development of science and technology, reliability and real-time of the people to wireless communication
It is required that higher and higher.Since the relative motion between wireless telecom equipment generates Doppler frequency shift, while wireless signal transmission mistake
Generation multipath effect is influenced by reflection, scattering of communication environments around etc. in journey to produce to cause signal envelope random fluctuation
Raw multipath fading, generally obedience Rayleigh, L-S distribution；Further, since peripheral obstacle blocks so that receiving signal averaging function
The variation of rate random fluctuation, i.e. generation shadow fading, generally obedience logarithm normal distribution.Channel simulator can be used for assessing communication
Validity, reliability of equipment etc. provide reliably scientific basis for the optimization design of communication equipment, at the same time it can also reduce
Cost is researched and developed, the R&D cycle is shortened.
Since radio transmission signal is influenced by peripheral obstacle reflection, scattering etc., receiving end is reached by mulitpath,
Therefore general that channel model is established using delay tap model, it is expressed as
Wherein, L indicates path number,Respectively indicate transmitting-receiving baseband signal；Indicate the l articles road through base band
Channel impulse response, including path loss, multipath fading and shadow fading；Indicate equivalent baseband channel noise.
Channel fading simulation production method mainly has filter hair and harmony superposition.Wherein, filter method realizes precision
It is influenced by filter order, algorithm for design is complicated, is only applicable to software emulation；Harmony superposition structure is simple, is easy to software and hardware
It realizes, which is represented by
Wherein, N indicates scattering circuitry number, fdIndicate Doppler frequency θn,Respectively indicate each scattering path incidence angle and phase
Position, when N → ∞, u (t) Gaussian distributed.
In existing instrument and equipment, the PropsimF8 of Yi Lai bit company, it can support geometrical model (SCM), SCM
The channel model that the 3GPP such as extended model (SCME) recommend, can meet the simulation test need of mobile telecommunication channel under most of scene
It asks；The broadband channel simulator CS8007 of AEROFLEX company, can emulate Doppler frequency and Doppler upshift degree, can simulate
Passband amplitude, phase distortion and various declines；The VERTEX of Spirent company can be for diversity Wave beam forming and MIMO
Advanced receivers, accurately the complicated broadband wireless channel feature of emulation, can be realized complicated mimo channel test.However
Most of equipment are radio frequency or intermediate-freuqncy signal to be down-converted to base band, then channel fading is simulated in baseband signal, and this method exists
Distorted signals is easy to produce in downconversion process, exist simultaneously it is complicated for operation, the problem of higher cost.
Summary of the invention
The disclosure to solve the above-mentioned problems, proposes a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator and method, the disclosure
Multichannel baseband channel simulator based on software and radio technique carries out channel simulation to baseband signal, may be implemented more
Kind of channel model, meets a variety of channel fading types and Doppler frequency spectrum requirement, have many advantages, such as it is easy to operate, it is at low cost.
According to some embodiments, the disclosure is adopted the following technical scheme that
A kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator, including control unit, the analogue unit of multiple parallel connections and data interaction
Unit, in which:
Described control unit is configured as executing the selection of channel model, calculates channel parameter, and transmit to analogue unit
Corresponding control parameter；
The analogue unit include sequentially connected signal acquisition module, signal processing module, signal output module and
Signal conditioning module, the analog signal of the signal acquisition module acquisition respective channel is simultaneously converted to digital baseband signal, described
Signal processing module handles the digital baseband signal of respective channel, and the signal output module will treated digital base
Band signal is converted to analog signal, and the signal conditioning module carries out eliminating signal image component to analog signal and signal declines
The conditioning subtracted is acted and is exported；
The data interaction unit is configured as realizing the interconnection two-by-two of each analogue unit.
As a kind of optional technical solution, the analogue unit is 2 × 2 analogue units, and each 2 × 2 analogue unit is equal
Including two-way parallel channel, each channel includes sequentially connected signal acquisition module, signal processing module, signal output module
And signal conditioning module.
As a kind of optional technical solution, the signal processing module specifically includes AD acquisition module, DA output module
With channel simulation module, the AD acquisition module acquires digital baseband signal, and the channel simulation module believes the base band of acquisition
Number multidiameter delay, loss, decline, superimposed noise and conversion operation are carried out, passes through DA output module and export analog signal.
As a kind of optional technical solution, described control unit includes human-computer interaction module, is configured as running configuration
Software, and provide visual setting interface, receive the selection instruction of service aisle, the setting instruction of channel model, and utilize
The software of configuration executes the operation of channel parameter.
As a kind of optional technical solution, described control unit includes parameter configuration module, is configured as joining channel
Number carries out fixed point processing, specifically includes path number, each diameter time delay, loss, movement speed, Doppler frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, frequency
The setting of one or more of spectral shape and fading type parameter.
As a kind of optional technical solution, the spectral shape is including but not limited to classical, flat, Jakes is round, circle
Shape, Jakes classics and Gauss.
As a kind of optional technical solution, the data interaction unit includes a plurality of Rapid IO bus, passes through bus
Realize the interconnection two-by-two of each analogue unit.
On the other hand, the parameter calculation procedure based on above-mentioned simulator, specifically includes:
Fading paths number is determined according to the channel model of setting；
Weighted factor, decline variance and mean value are determined according to each diameter fading type of selection；
According to the movement speed communication frequency and the light velocity of setting, Doppler frequency is calculated；
Each diameter spectral shape is selected according to user, calculates each scattering branch incidence angle using equal-area method.
Further, the specific mistake of weighted factor, decline variance and mean value is determined according to each diameter fading type of selection
Journey includes:
(a) shadow fading is judged whether there is, and if it exists, decline variance and mean value is then set, if it does not exist, then the side of decline
Difference and mean value are 0；
(b) judge that user selects multipath fading type, if selecting pure Doppler, weighted factor=1, β=0；If selection
Rayleigh distributed, weighted factor=0, β=1；If selecting L-S distribution, meet Rice factor k=α2/β2。
On the other hand, the signal processing based on above-mentioned simulator, specifically includes:
Digital baseband signal is carried out the path delay of time according to fixed point channel parameter, and generates each diameter loss；
According to the fading model of setting and the channel parameter received, channel fading is generated；
According to the signal-to-noise ratio parameter received and signal power and bandwidth after channel fading, noise is calculated in real time
Coefficient adjusts noise power by cut position, then by meeting the low-pass filter of bandwidth requirement, generation meet signal-to-noise ratio and
The analog result after channel fading and superimposed noise and output is calculated in the white Gaussian noise of bandwidth requirement.
Further, the generation process in the path delay of time is realized by internal memory and dual-ported memory joint, specifically,
Reading data address difference by controlling internal memory reaches Millisecond delay, shares a write address using dual-ported memory group and believes
Number, which is incremented by under clock signal driving, realizes nanosecond delay, has differed A, A between the read/write address in each path
For the product of each diameter time delay and system clock.
Compared with prior art, the disclosure has the beneficial effect that
The disclosure utilizes Rapid IO bus design high-speed data interactive module, realizes the data between each analogue unit
The baseband channel simulation of multichannel is realized in transmission interaction.
The disclosure uses software and radio technique, calculates channel parameter at the end PC, analog channel declines in FPGA, can be with
It realizes a variety of channel models, meets a variety of fading types and Doppler frequency spectrum shape.
The disclosure is directly handled baseband signal, and a variety of predefined channel models and user can be supported customized
Model, channel fading can support the fading types such as constant, pure Doppler, Rayleigh, Lai Si, lognormal, and fading spectrum can be with
Meet classics 3dB, classics 6dB, Jakes circle, classical, flat, the round, Gauss of Jakes etc..
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of the disclosure；
Fig. 2 is the data transmission interaction concept block diagram of the disclosure；
Fig. 3 is the parameter calculation flow chart of the disclosure；
Specific embodiment:
The disclosure is described further with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
In the disclosure, term for example "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", " side ",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only to facilitate describing this public affairs
The relative for opening each component or component structure relationship and determination, not refers in particular to either component or element in the disclosure, cannot understand
For the limitation to the disclosure.
In the disclosure, term such as " affixed ", " connected ", " connection " be shall be understood in a broad sense, and indicate may be a fixed connection,
It is also possible to be integrally connected or is detachably connected；It can be directly connected, it can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary.For
The related scientific research of this field or technical staff can determine the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the disclosure as the case may be,
It should not be understood as the limitation to the disclosure.
The present embodiment provides a kind of channel simulation devices, mainly hand over comprising CPU element, 42 × 2 analogue units and data
Mutual unit, as shown in Figure 1.Wherein CPU element includes user software module, parameter configuration module two parts, is mainly responsible for operation
User software selects channel model, calculates channel parameter, and transmit corresponding control parameter to each port and FPGA；It is single
A 2 × 2 analogue unit includes two signal acquisition modules, two signal emission modules, two signal conditioning modules and two
Channel simulation module in FPGA；Signal interaction unit realizes that each 2 × 2 simulation is single by the Rapid IO bus of × 8 modes
Member interconnects two-by-two, reaches the data transmission throughput of 50Gbps, as shown in Figure 2.
Certainly, the form and quantity of the analogue unit in above-described embodiment can change as the case may be, ability
Field technique personnel can be with unrestricted choice, and details are not described herein.
Identical, CPU element could alternatively be other modules, such as control module, single-chip microcontroller, server, processor,
It is not limited to that.
When the channel simulation device works, corresponding service aisle is selected by the user software module of CPU element first,
Setting channel model simultaneously calculates channel parameter, then parameter fixed point is transmitted to phase by data-interface by parameter configuration module
In 2 × 2 analogue units answered, the digital baseband signal of the AD acquisition of respective channel is carried out at signal in 2 × 2 analogue units
Reason mainly includes multidiameter delay, loss, decline and superimposed noise, exports analog signal finally by DA, and to analog signal
Signal condition is carried out, main includes eliminating signal image component and signal decaying.
User software module, the main operating system top layer software of the module, provides visual setting interface, user for user
Corresponding service aisle is selected using user software module, channel model is set, and calculates respective channel parameter, as shown in Figure 3.
Parameter configuration module, the module are connected with 2 × 2 analogue units by data/address bus, are pinpointed to channel parameter
Change processing specifically includes that path number, each diameter time delay are lost, movement speed, Doppler frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, and spectral shape declines
Type etc. is fallen, parameter is transmitted to corresponding 2 × 2 analogue unit by the corresponding channel according to selected by user software module.
Main fading type has:
Pure Doppler
Wherein, fdIndicate Doppler frequency.
Rayleigh distributed
Wherein, uI(t),uQIt (t) is the incoherent Gaussian random variable of statistics.
L-S distribution
Wherein,Indicate los path component, A, θρ,Respectively indicate the width of los path
Degree, incidence angle and phase.
Logarithm normal distribution
ζ (t)=eσu(t)+μ (4)
Wherein, σ, μ respectively indicate decline variance and mean power.
According to above-mentioned fading type, fetched envelope is represented by
Wherein,
Common channel Doppler spectrum shape includes the following:
Classical 6dB
Classical 3dB
It is flat
Jakes is round
It is round
Wherein,A is enabled in 802.1 6 channel model standard of IEEE0=1, a2=-1.72,
a4=0.785.
Jakes is classical
Gauss
Parameter calculates step are as follows:
Fading paths number is determined according to user setting channel model；
The parameters such as each diameter time delay, loss, movement speed are set；
In the present embodiment, each diameter fading type and formula (5) can be selected to determine weighted factor according to user, β,
The variance that declines and mean value σ, μ, the specific method is as follows:
(a) shadow fading is judged whether there is, and if it exists, decline variance is then set and mean value σ, μ then decline if it does not exist
It falls variance and mean value is 0；
(b) judge that user selects multipath fading type, if selecting pure Doppler, fading factor α=1, β=0；If selection
Rayleigh distributed, α=0, β=1；If selecting L-S distribution, Rice factor k=α need to be met2/β2；
In the present embodiment, according to Doppler frequency can be calculated with user setting movement speed and formula (13),
Wherein, fc, v, c respectively indicate communication frequency, movement speed and the light velocity；
Select each diameter spectral shape that can refer to 1 [Patzold of non-patent literature in the present embodiment according to user
M.Mobile Fading Channel (Second Edition) [M] .New York:Wiley, 2012:162-170] in etc.
Area-method and formula (14) calculate each scattering branch incidence angle,
Wherein, S (f) indicates Doppler frequency spectrum, fn=fdcosθn, indicate each diameter Doppler frequency, θnFor each scattering branch
Incidence angle；
Channel parameter is transmitted to corresponding 2 × 2 analogue unit by data/address bus.
Signal acquisition module, the module are connected with channel simulation module input, for being converted to analog baseband signal
Digital baseband signal；
Channel simulation module, the module input are connected with signal input module, and output end is connected with signal emission module,
For generating channel delay, loss, decline and noise.Specific step is as follows:
Channel simulation module receives the fixed point channel parameter that parameter configuration module in above-mentioned CPU element transmits；
Channel simulation module receives the above-mentioned collected digital baseband signal of signal input module；
Baseband signal generates the path delay of time by channel delay module；
In the present embodiment, channel delay can be realized using DDR3 and two-port RAM joint, pass through control DDR3 reading
Reach Millisecond delay according to address difference, shares a writing address signal using two-port RAM group, which drives in clock signal
It is dynamic lower incremental, realize nanosecond delay, each path read address is then set as
dR=dW-τl·fclk (15)
Wherein, dR,dWRespectively indicate read/write address, τl,fclkRespectively indicate each diameter time delay and system clock.
Each diameter loss is generated according to user setting parameter；
In the present embodiment, channel can be generated according to channel parameter formula (5) fading model and received
Decline；
According to the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal power after channel fading received, noise coefficient is calculated in real time,
Noise power is adjusted by cut position, generates the white Gaussian noise for meeting signal-to-noise ratio requirement；
In the present embodiment, the analog result after channel fading and superimposed noise can be obtained according to formula (16)；
Signal after channel fading and superimposed noise is output to signal output module.
Signal emission module, which is connected with the defeated end end of channel simulation module, for being converted to digital baseband signal
Analog baseband signal.
Signal conditioning module, the module input are connected with signal output module, for eliminating signal image component, and benefit
Attenuated output signal is controlled with the channel parameter that FPGA is received.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present application, are not intended to limit this application, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, various changes and changes are possible in this application.Within the spirit and principles of this application, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Although above-mentioned be described in conjunction with specific embodiment of the attached drawing to the disclosure, model not is protected to the disclosure
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, on the basis of the technical solution of the disclosure, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator, it is characterized in that: including control unit, the analogue unit sum number of multiple parallel connections
According to interactive unit, in which:
Described control unit is configured as executing the selection of channel model, calculates channel parameter, and corresponding to analogue unit transmitting
Control parameter；
The analogue unit includes sequentially connected signal acquisition module, signal processing module, signal output module and signal
Conditioning module, the analog signal of the signal acquisition module acquisition respective channel are simultaneously converted to digital baseband signal, the signal
Processing module handles the digital baseband signal of respective channel, and the signal output module by treated, believe by digital baseband
Number be converted to analog signal, the signal conditioning module eliminate signal image component and signal decaying to analog signal
Conditioning is acted and is exported；
The data interaction unit is configured as realizing the interconnection two-by-two of each analogue unit.
2. a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the analogue unit is 2 × 2
Analogue unit, each 2 × 2 analogue unit include two-way parallel channel, and each channel includes sequentially connected signal acquisition mould
Block, signal processing module, signal output module and signal conditioning module.
3. a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the signal processing module has
Body includes AD acquisition module, DA output module and channel simulation module, and the AD acquisition module acquires digital baseband signal, described
Channel simulation module carries out multidiameter delay, loss, decline, superimposed noise and conversion operation to the baseband signal of acquisition, passes through DA
Output module exports analog signal.
4. a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described control unit includes people
Machine interactive module, is configured as the software of running configuration, and provides visual setting interface, and the selection for receiving service aisle refers to
It enables, the setting of channel model instruction, and executes the operation of channel parameter using the software of configuration.
5. a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described control unit includes ginseng
Number configuration module is configured as carrying out fixed point processing to channel parameter, specifically includes path number, each diameter time delay, loss, shifting
The setting of one or more of dynamic speed, Doppler frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, spectral shape and fading type parameter.
6. a kind of multichannel baseband channel simulator as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the data interaction unit packet
Multiple bus is included, the interconnection two-by-two of each analogue unit is realized by bus.
7. based on the calculation method of parameters of simulator of any of claims 1-6, it is characterized in that: including:
Fading paths number is determined according to the channel model of setting；
Weighted factor, decline variance and mean value are determined according to each diameter fading type of selection；
According to the movement speed communication frequency and the light velocity of setting, Doppler frequency is calculated；
Each diameter spectral shape is selected according to user, calculates each scattering branch incidence angle using equal-area method.
8. calculation method of parameters as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: according to each diameter fading type of selection determine weighting because
Son, decline variance and the detailed process of mean value include:
(a) judge whether there is shadow fading, and if it exists, decline variance and mean value is then set, if it does not exist, then the variance that declines and
Mean value is 0；
(b) judge that user selects multipath fading type, if selecting pure Doppler, weighted factor=1, β=0；If selecting Rayleigh
Distribution, weighted factor=0, β=1；If selecting L-S distribution, meet Rice factor k=α2/β2。
9. based on the signal processing method of simulator of any of claims 1-6, it is characterized in that: including:
Digital baseband signal is carried out the path delay of time according to fixed point channel parameter, and generates each diameter loss；
According to the fading model of setting and the channel parameter received, channel fading is generated；
According to the signal-to-noise ratio parameter and the signal power after channel fading received, noise coefficient is calculated in real time, is passed through
Cut position adjusts noise power, generates the white Gaussian noise for meeting signal-to-noise ratio requirement, is calculated and makes an uproar by channel fading and superposition
Analog result and output after sound.
10. signal processing method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: the generation process in the path delay of time by internal memory and
Dual-ported memory joint is realized, is postponed specifically, reaching Millisecond by the reading data address difference of control internal memory, using double
Port store group shares a writing address signal, which is incremented by under clock signal driving, realizes nanosecond delay, respectively
A is differed between the read/write address in path, A is the product of each diameter time delay and system clock.
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| CN110971314A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-07 | 武汉大学 | Wireless channel monitoring and simulating device with multipath input and multipath output |
| CN110971314B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-03-30 | 武汉大学 | Wireless channel monitoring and simulating device with multipath input and multipath output |
| CN111082883A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-28 | 上海创远仪器技术股份有限公司 | Modeling control method for wireless channel basic fading model based on computer software system |
| CN111082883B (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2022-03-15 | 上海创远仪器技术股份有限公司 | Modeling control method for wireless channel basic fading model based on computer software system |
| CN112040499A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Wireless channel time delay and fading accurate simulation device and method |
| CN112040499B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-08-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Wireless channel time delay and fading accurate simulation device and method |
| CN112087268A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-12-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Typhoon detection application-oriented air-to-air wireless channel simulator |
| CN112087268B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-06-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Typhoon detection application-oriented air-to-air wireless channel simulator |
| CN114039640A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-02-11 | 亚太卫星宽带通信（深圳）有限公司 | Mobile satellite baseband channel simulation system suitable for Ka frequency band |
| CN114095099A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-25 | 深圳市联平半导体有限公司 | Signal generation method, signal generation device and signal generation equipment |
| CN114095099B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-12-22 | 深圳市联平半导体有限公司 | Signal generation method, signal generation device and signal generation equipment |
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Application publication date: 20190426 |