CN109662813B - 一种焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节 - Google Patents
一种焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节，包括肱骨假体和尺骨假体，所述肱骨假体和尺骨假体之间通过轴筒和设在轴筒中的轴相连，轴和轴筒相对转动设置，所述轴的外表面上焊接有凸出的陶瓷片，所述陶瓷片为分散布置的一组陶瓷片，陶瓷片的外表面与轴筒的内表面相接触构成摩擦副。该焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节结构设计合理，轴上分布有若干陶瓷片，将金属与高分子聚合物之的间摩擦转变为陶瓷与金属之间的摩擦，同时陶瓷片之间具有间隙，容纳润滑液，从而降低了肱骨假体与尺骨假体的摩擦系数，减小磨损量，减少了金属离子析出；同时也可以降低陶瓷假体的碎裂风险；减轻肘关节的质量，使患者运动更加轻巧。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学工程骨科内植入物假体技术领域，尤其是涉及一种焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节。
背景技术
人工肘关节置换术是治疗因创伤或疾病导致的肘关节损伤的一种有效的临床治疗方法。人工肘关节系统由肱骨假体和尺骨假体组成。作为应用于人工肘关节假体的生物材料不仅要达到很好的修复作用，减轻患者病痛，恢复肘关节功能外，更重要的是不能对人体肘关节周围的组织产生不利影响。
常见的肘关节假体由金属肱骨假体和金属尺骨假体或高分子尺骨假体组成。肱骨假体和尺骨假体构成一对摩擦副。目前临床上使用的人工肘关节类型是金属肱骨假体和金属尺骨假体配副，或者金属肱骨假体和高分子尺骨假体。此配副形成的摩擦副在长期的摩擦磨损过程中，存在有毒的金属离子析出，在人体内累积到一定浓度会导致慢性病变，同时磨损碎屑会诱导假体周围的骨组织产生骨溶解；此配副形成的摩擦副使高分子假体的磨损率很高，最常用的高分子材料为超高分子量聚乙烯，其年磨损量约为0.1-0.2mm，在长期的摩擦过程中，会导致高分子的厚度不断减少，进而影响假体的强度。此外，还存在另一种类型人工肘关节假体：陶瓷肱骨假体与高分子或金属尺骨假体配副，此配副具有很好的耐磨性，磨损量非常小，也不存在金属离子析出，具有很好的发展前途，但是由于陶瓷本身固有的易碎性，导致陶瓷假体容易碎裂，目前还处于实验室研究阶段，并没有临床应用。
因此，降低肱骨假体和尺骨假体的摩擦，减小假体的磨损量，提高其使用寿命，是提高患者生命质量的必然需求。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节，以达到减少肱骨假体和尺骨假体的磨损、降低陶瓷碎裂风险，减少金属离子释放，延长肘关节使用寿命的目的。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
该焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节，包括肱骨假体和尺骨假体，所述肱骨假体和尺骨假体之间通过轴筒和设在轴筒中的轴相连，轴和轴筒相对转动设置，所述轴的外表面上焊接有凸出的陶瓷片，所述陶瓷片为分散布置的一组陶瓷片，陶瓷片的外表面与轴筒的内表面相接触构成摩擦副。
作为优选的，所述轴筒上沿轴筒轴向设有开口。
作为优选的，所述肱骨假体的一端设有一对支耳，所述轴的两端分别与对应支耳相连，所述轴筒设在尺骨假体的一端。
作为优选的，所述肱骨假体与肱骨相连一端和尺骨假体与尺骨相连一端均为锥条结构。
作为优选的，所述轴为圆柱，轴筒为圆筒，陶瓷片设在轴的外圆周面上。
作为优选的，所述肱骨假体、尺骨假体和轴为钛及其合金或钽及其合金或医用不锈钢或钴铬合金，陶瓷片为生物陶瓷。
作为优选的，所述轴筒的内表面上设有用于存贮人体体液的一组凹坑。
作为优选的，所述肱骨假体与肱骨相连部分上和尺骨假体与尺骨相连部分上均设有适合于人体组织生长、便于生物连接、增强临床长期连接效果的一组孔。
作为优选的，所述陶瓷片的形状为圆柱和/或棱柱，陶瓷片的外表面为曲面。
作为优选的，所述轴筒和尺骨假体为一体结构。
作为优选的，所述陶瓷片为圆柱度相同的一组陶瓷片。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：
该焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节结构设计合理，肱骨假体和尺骨假体之间通过铰链联接，在轴上分布有若干陶瓷片，将金属与高分子聚合物之间的摩擦转变为陶瓷与金属之间的摩擦，同时陶瓷片之间具有间隙，容纳润滑液，从而降低了轴与尺骨假体的摩擦系数，减小磨损量，减少了金属离子析出；同时也可以降低陶瓷假体的碎裂风险；减轻肘关节的质量，使患者运动更加轻巧。
附图说明
下面对本说明书各幅附图所表达的内容及图中的标记作简要说明：
图1为本发明肘关节假体一实施例分解示意图。
图2为图1装配图。
图3为本发明肘关节假体又一实施例分解示意图。
图4为图3装配图。
图中：
1.肱骨假体、2.轴、3.陶瓷片、4.尺骨假体、5.凹坑。
具体实施方式
下面对照附图，通过对实施例的描述，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
如图1至图4所示，该焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节，包括肱骨假体1、尺骨假体4、轴2以及陶瓷片3，肱骨假体1和尺骨假体4之间通过轴筒和设在轴筒中的轴2相连，轴2和轴筒相对可转动设置，轴的外表面上焊接有凸出的陶瓷片，陶瓷片的外表面与轴筒的内表面相接触构成摩擦副，使肱骨假体和尺骨假体可相对转动。
陶瓷片3为生物陶瓷，陶瓷片为分散布置的一组陶瓷片，陶瓷片的外表面与轴筒的内表面相接触构成摩擦副，相邻的陶瓷片之间具有间隙。离散陶瓷片设置，可降低陶瓷片碎裂风险，受力均匀。
轴2上分布有若干陶瓷片3，将金属与高分子假体间摩擦转变为陶瓷与金属假体的摩擦，同时陶瓷片之间具有间隙，容纳润滑液，从而降低了轴与尺骨假体的摩擦系数，减小磨损量，减少了金属离子析出；同时也可以降低陶瓷假体的碎裂风险。
肱骨假体1与肱骨相连一端和尺骨假体4与尺骨相连一端均为锥条结构，便于安装。肱骨假体的一端设有一对支耳，轴的两端分别与对应支耳相连，轴筒设在尺骨假体的一端，轴筒和尺骨假体为一体结构。轴为圆柱，轴筒为圆筒，陶瓷片设在轴的外圆周面上。结构设计合理，运行稳定可靠。
肱骨假体、尺骨假体和轴为钛及其合金或钽及其合金或医用不锈钢或钴铬合金，陶瓷片为生物陶瓷；优选的肱骨假体1、尺骨假体4和轴2均为钛合金，陶瓷片为氧化铝陶瓷。陶瓷片的形状为圆柱和/或棱柱，陶瓷片的外表面为曲面，陶瓷片的外表面与轴筒的内表面相适配。陶瓷片的一面与轴外表面通过焊接连接在一起。
陶瓷片之间设有中间体，中间体为高分子聚合物，高分子聚合物的表面低于陶瓷片的外凸曲面。陶瓷片与中间体相连部分的外周面上设有沟槽或凸起。优选的，陶瓷片上的沟槽为螺旋槽，沟槽中具有高分子聚合物，沟槽的设置增加了陶瓷片的拔出力和结合力，使陶瓷片固定更牢固。
相邻陶瓷片3之间具有一定的间隙，间隙中可用于存贮人体体液；轴筒上沿轴筒轴向设有开口；轴筒的内表面上设有用于存贮人体体液的一组凹坑5。三者结构共同作用减小摩擦。
或轴的轴向中心设有中心通孔，轴的径向设有与中心通孔相连通的径向孔，径向孔的外端口位于轴的外表面上，外端口位于相邻陶瓷片之间，人体体液可通过中心通孔和径向孔存贮在相邻陶瓷片之间，保证人体体液存贮量，从而提高润滑效果。
肱骨假体与肱骨相连部分上和尺骨假体与尺骨相连部分上均设有适合于人体组织生长、便于生物连接、增强临床长期连接效果的一组孔，孔为微孔。微孔可以使骨组织长到里面，加强关节和人体宿主骨的连接，可提高假体在人体中固定的可靠性，保证使用效果。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述，显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节，包括肱骨假体和尺骨假体，其特征在于：所述肱骨假体和尺骨假体之间通过轴筒和设在轴筒中的轴相连，轴和轴筒相对转动设置，所述轴的外表面上焊接有凸出的陶瓷片，所述陶瓷片为分散布置的一组陶瓷片，陶瓷片的外表面与轴筒的内表面相接触构成摩擦副；所述轴筒上沿轴筒轴向设有开口，陶瓷片的外表面与轴筒的内表面相适配；
陶瓷片之间设有中间体，中间体为高分子聚合物，高分子聚合物的表面低于陶瓷片的外凸曲面，能降低陶瓷片碎裂风险，陶瓷片与中间体相连部分的外周面上设有沟槽或凸起；
轴的轴向中心设有中心通孔，轴的径向设有与中心通孔相连通的径向孔，径向孔的外端口位于轴的外表面上，外端口位于相邻陶瓷片之间，人体体液通过中心通孔和径向孔存贮在相邻陶瓷片之间；
所述轴为圆柱，轴筒为圆筒；所述肱骨假体、尺骨假体和轴为钛或钛合金或钽或钽合金，陶瓷片为生物陶瓷；陶瓷片为圆柱度相同的一组陶瓷片；
所述肱骨假体的一端设有一对支耳，所述轴的两端分别与对应支耳相连，所述轴筒设在尺骨假体的一端；
所述肱骨假体与肱骨相连的部分上和尺骨假体与尺骨相连的部分上均设有适合于人体组织生长的一组孔；
所述肱骨假体与肱骨相连的一端和尺骨假体与尺骨相连的一端均为锥条结构；
所述轴筒的内表面上设有用于存贮人体体液的一组凹坑。
2.如权利要求1所述焊接式陶瓷人工肘关节，其特征在于：所述陶瓷片的形状为圆柱和/或棱柱。
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