CN109656221B - Flow shop energy consumption scheduling method and system considering ultra-low standby and terminal equipment - Google Patents
Flow shop energy consumption scheduling method and system considering ultra-low standby and terminal equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a flow shop energy consumption scheduling method, system and terminal equipment considering an ultra-low standby state, which aims at minimizing energy consumption, solves the processing sequence of each procedure of a workpiece set on a machine tool set, and forms a flow shop scheduling problem model considering ultra-low standby; on the premise of not prolonging the existing completion time of the machine tool, the length of a machining interval before and after the process is adjusted through a translation process, a standby state is converted into an ultra-low standby state and a halt state, a flow shop scheduling problem model is solved according to the translated process, and the translation process is continuously optimized according to a solved value until the solved value meets a set threshold value. The method and the device can realize the conversion from the standby state to the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state, and further reduce the energy consumption of the flow shop.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a flow shop energy consumption scheduling method, system and terminal device considering ultra-low standby.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the increasing prominence of energy shortage and environmental problems, the production and operation mode of low carbon and energy saving has attracted high attention of academia. The flow shop is taken as a typical machining system, and the basic energy consumption equipment of the flow shop is large in energy consumption and generates a large amount of carbon dioxide indirectly in the operation process of a machine tool. Research shows that the machine tool has multi-source dynamic power characteristics in the running process, and the power state of the machine tool is switched according to a processing task, so that the method is an important method for realizing energy conservation of a flow shop.
The energy consumption of the flow shop mainly comprises the energy consumption of a machine tool in a machining state and a standby state, and the change of the power of the machine tool is related to the internal system performance, the component running condition and the change of the machining parameters. At present, part of literature research focuses on reducing the power of the machine tool in a machining state, and neglects the influence of the power in a standby state on the energy consumption of the machine tool. Research shows that the energy utilization efficiency of a machine tool is generally low, and taking a machining center as an example, the energy consumption for cutting only accounts for 14.8% of the total energy consumption, while the energy consumption of a numerical control grinding machine is only 65.8%. The prior document indicates that the standby energy consumption of the numerical control machine is mainly generated by a basic unit, a servo device and an auxiliary unit, wherein the basic unit is used for ensuring the normal operation of the machine tool, and the servo device and the auxiliary unit are unnecessary in a standby state; meanwhile, the energy consumption of the auxiliary unit in the standby state is more than that of the servo device, and the standby power can be reduced by realizing the optimized control of the auxiliary unit in the standby state of the machine tool; there is also a literature that switching the standby state to the shutdown state according to the duration of the machining interval can reduce the energy consumption of the machine tool by 8% to 30%, but frequent start and shutdown can have a certain effect on the service life of the machine tool.
In summary, the energy consumption scheduling of the current flow shop mainly switches the standby state into the shutdown state, so as to realize the optimal configuration of different power states of machine tool machining, standby and shutdown. However, the adopted shutdown strategy can cause frequent start and stop of the machine tool, the service life and the machining precision of the machine tool are influenced, and the problem of excessive energy supply of the auxiliary unit still exists when the machine tool is in a standby state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a flow shop energy consumption scheduling method, a flow shop energy consumption scheduling system and terminal equipment considering an ultra-low state, and the flow shop energy consumption scheduling method, the flow shop energy saving system and the terminal equipment are based on an ultra-low standby state of a machine tool, and the aim of saving energy in the flow shop is to reduce standby power under the condition of not completely turning off the machine tool by turning off unnecessary auxiliary components in the standby state and avoid frequent starting and stopping of the machine tool; in addition, the time interval between the processes is controlled through the energy-saving strategy based on the process translation, the conversion from the standby state of the flow shop considering the ultra-low state to the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state is realized, and the energy-saving strategy based on the process translation is combined with the genetic algorithm to solve the flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem considering the ultra-low state.
First, to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art, the noun explanations are as follows:
the flow shop: specifically including the lathe collection, including a plurality of digit control machine tool parts in the lathe collection, every digit control machine tool part divide into processing unit, auxiliary unit, lathe the control unit and basic unit four bibliographic categories, wherein:
the processing unit is equipment for directly executing processing actions in the whole processing process;
the auxiliary unit is equipment for assisting processing in the processing process, such as lighting, feeding and discharging, chip removal and recovery and the like;
the machine tool control unit is an element for generating, transmitting and controlling control commands to other units in the machining process;
the basic unit refers to equipment which must exist and operate when the parts of the numerical control machine tool are in a non-stop state, such as a heat dissipation system, electric cabinet equipment and the like.
Ultra-low standby state: on the basis of a standby state, a programmable logic controller and a position control device in a machine tool system are closed, then a driving device of a main shaft unit and a feed shaft unit, a motor and an auxiliary unit of the main shaft unit and the feed shaft unit are completely closed, and only a basic unit and a part of a numerical control system are started to avoid the phenomenon of over supply of the auxiliary unit in the standby state.
According to some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
a flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering ultra-low standby comprises the following steps:
(1) in a flow shop considering the machining state, the standby state and the ultra-low standby state of a machine tool at the same time, solving the machining sequence of a workpiece set on the machine tool set by taking the minimum energy consumption as a target to form a flow shop scheduling problem model considering the ultra-low standby state;
(2) the method comprises the steps of combining an energy-saving strategy based on process translation with a genetic algorithm to form a flow shop scheduling problem optimization model considering ultralow standby, determining a solution space through coding, randomly generating an initial generation population, generating a new individual through selection, intersection and variation operations, namely a scheduling scheme, determining a machine tool, start time and completion time used by each process in the scheduling scheme, locally optimizing the new individual through the energy-saving strategy based on process translation to form a re-optimized individual, evaluating the fitness value of the re-optimized individual, and outputting an optimal scheduling scheme when the population meets a termination condition.
By way of further limitation, in constructing a flow shop scheduling problem model that takes ultra-low standby into account, the following constraints need to be satisfied:
(1) the same process is needed to be carried out when any workpiece in the ultralow standby flow shop is processed, and each process can be processed on only one machine tool.
(2) The workshop machine tools are all numerical control machines and all consider the machining state, the standby state and the ultra-low standby state;
(3) each machine tool processes at most one part at any time;
(4) the processing process of each procedure can not be interrupted.
As a further limitation, the energy consumption is the sum of process energy consumption, standby energy consumption and ultra-low standby energy consumption.
As a further limitation, the process shift-based energy-saving strategy utilizes two steps of determining the process shift order and shifting the process to locally optimize the new individual.
As a further limitation, determining the process translation order utilizes a stitch sequencing method: arranging the working procedures according to the sequence that the constraint degree of the latest completion time is increased from small to large, giving the maximum translation space to each working procedure, arranging the front n-1 workpieces of the scheduling scheme from back to front according to the processing sequence, and arranging all the working procedures of the workpieces from back to front to form a working procedure translation sequence.
As a further limitation, after determining a scheduling scheme process translation sequence based on an energy-saving strategy of process translation, sequentially selecting the processes in the sequence for translation, translating the completion time of each process to at most the latest completion time of the process, wherein the latest completion time is the minimum value of the following two: the start-up time of the workpiece in the next process and the start-up time of the next workpiece in the next process.
A flow shop energy consumption scheduling system considering an ultra-low standby state, running on a processor or memory, configured to execute the following instructions:
in a flow shop considering the processing state, the standby state and the ultra-low standby state of a machine tool at the same time, solving the processing sequence of each procedure of a workpiece set on the machine tool set by taking the minimized energy consumption as a target to form a flow shop scheduling problem model considering the ultra-low standby state;
the method comprises the steps of combining an energy-saving strategy based on process translation with a genetic algorithm to form a flow shop scheduling problem optimization model considering ultralow standby, determining a solution space through coding, randomly generating an initial generation population, generating a new individual through selection, intersection and variation operations, namely a scheduling scheme, determining a machine tool, start time and completion time used by each process of the scheduling scheme, locally optimizing the new individual through the energy-saving strategy based on process translation to form a re-optimized individual, finally evaluating the fitness value of the re-optimized individual, and outputting an optimal solution when the population meets a termination condition.
A computer readable storage medium having stored therein a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by a processor of a terminal device and to execute said method for scheduling energy consumption of a flow shop taking into account an ultra low standby state.
A terminal device comprising a processor and a computer readable storage medium, the processor being configured to implement instructions; the computer readable storage medium is used for storing a plurality of instructions, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor and executing the flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering the ultra-low standby state.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
the flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem model considering the ultra-low standby state is established, unnecessary auxiliary components in the standby state are closed by starting the ultra-low standby state of the numerical control machine tool, the standby power of the machine tool is reduced under the condition of no shutdown, the energy consumption of the flow shop is reduced, and the machine tool is prevented from being started and stopped frequently; the energy-saving strategy based on process translation is designed aiming at the problem of flow shop energy consumption scheduling considering ultra-low standby, the flow shop energy consumption can be obviously reduced, and the energy-saving strategy based on process translation can realize the conversion from the standby state to the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state under the condition of no shutdown;
the energy-saving strategy based on process translation is combined with the genetic algorithm, the flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem in an ultralow standby state is solved, the flow shop energy consumption is further reduced, and the method has a strong guiding significance on engineering practice.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a power-time plot for an MXR-460V process;
FIG. 2(a) is a scheduling scheme that does not take ultra-low standby into account;
FIG. 2(b) is a scheduling scheme that considers ultra-low standby;
FIG. 2(c) is a translated scheduling scheme that considers ultra-low standby;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a hybrid genetic algorithm;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of stitch sorting workpiece sorting;
FIG. 5 is a process shift method flow diagram;
FIGS. 6(a) - (h) are illustrations of a method of a translation selection process;
FIG. 7(a) is a Gantt diagram of the GA +2States optimal scheduling scheme;
FIG. 7(b) is a Gantt chart of the optimal scheduling scheme for GA +3 States;
FIG. 7(c) is a Gantt diagram of the hybrid GA +3States optimal scheduling scheme;
fig. 8 is a time length stack diagram of the machine tool operation state.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the embodiment, based on an ultra-low standby state, unnecessary auxiliary components in the standby state are turned off through a programmable logic controller, so that the standby power is reduced under the condition of not completely turning off a machine tool, and the machine tool is prevented from being started and stopped frequently; the method is characterized in that a certain switching time is needed for the ultralow standby state to be restored to the processing state, so that an energy-saving strategy based on process translation is provided, the conversion of the standby state of the flow shop to the ultralow standby state and the shutdown state is realized by controlling the time interval between the processes, the energy-saving strategy based on the process translation is mixed with a genetic algorithm, and the flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem considering the ultralow state is solved. And finally, verifying the energy-saving potential and the effectiveness of the method through example analysis.
First, to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the necessary knowledge is introduced as follows:
(1) generation of ultra-low standby state
From the functional point of view, the parts of the numerical control machine tool are divided into four parts, namely a processing unit, an auxiliary unit, a machine tool control unit and a base unit, as shown in table 1. The conventional flow shop scheduling divides the operation state of the numerical control machine into a machining state and a standby state, and the machining characteristics thereof are shown in table 2. When the numerical control machine tool is in a machining state, all units are powered on to operate, various functions required by machining can be realized, when the numerical control machine tool is in a standby state, the chip removal device and the lighting device are closed, the driving devices of the spindle unit and the feed shaft unit normally operate, but the spindle motor and the feed shaft motor are only in a powered-on state, namely the spindle unit and the feed shaft unit are in a HOLD state. When the machine tool is in a long-time standby state, partial auxiliary functions of the machine tool can be further closed on the basis of the standby state, based on the embodiment, the ultralow standby state of the numerical control machine tool is provided, and on the basis of the standby state, the driving device of the spindle unit and the feed shaft unit, the motor of the spindle unit and the motor of the feed shaft unit and the auxiliary unit are completely closed by closing the programmable logic controller and the position control device in the CNC system of the machine tool, and only the basic unit and part of the numerical control system are opened, so that the phenomenon of over-supply of the auxiliary unit in the standby stage is avoided. The numerical control system which is not closed in the standby state needs a certain time to restart, so that the numerical control machine needs to be matched to enter the standby state or the ultra-low standby state according to the duration of the machining interval in workshop energy consumption scheduling.
TABLE 1 comparison table of running state and part running condition of numerically controlled machine tool
TABLE 2 comparison table of operation state and part operation condition of numerically controlled machine tool
(2) Machine tool power and time characteristics taking into account ultra-low standby
Fig. 1 shows the power and time characteristics of a numerically controlled machine tool MXR-460V in a processing state, in a standby state, of about 2.3kW, in a standby state of about 1.9kW (1.5), and in an ultra-low standby state of about 0.4 kW. In fig. 1, when the machine tool is switched from the machining state to the ultra-low standby state, the PLC and the position detection device of the numerical control system are turned off to completely turn off the driving devices of the main shaft unit and the feed shaft unit, and the time of the switching process of the state is short, generally about several seconds. But when the machine tool is switched from the ultra-low standby state to the machining stateThe PLC and the position detection device are restarted for a certain time, the numerical control system needs to complete various detection works such as coordinate axis positioning and the like in the time, and the auxiliary unit and the processing unit are started to operate in a short time after the detection works are completed. We define the time required for the ultra-low standby state to switch to the machining state as the state switching threshold T*Only for the duration t of the machining intervalwait(twaitNot less than 0) is greater than T*The ultra low standby state can only be enabled.
And then, constructing a flow shop scheduling problem model considering ultra-low standby.
The workshop level energy saving problem is complicated by the proposal of the ultralow standby state, and the traditional flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem can not meet the requirements only by considering the machine tool machining state and the standby state. Therefore, the embodiment establishes a flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem model considering the ultra-low standby state, and the model can be described as follows: with the minimized energy consumption as the target, solving the workpiece set N ═ NiEach process of i ═ 1,2, …, n ═ M { M } in the machine setjProcessing sequence problem in 1,2, …, m. Wherein, arbitrary workpiece NiM processes are required to be carried out after the machining, and the jth process of any workpiece can be only carried out on a machine tool MjUpper working, machine tool MjAre all numerical control machines and all consider processing state, standby state and ultra-low standby state. In addition, the flow shop scheduling considering the ultra-low standby needs to satisfy the following constraints:
(1) each machine tool processes at most one part at any time;
(2) the processing process of each procedure can not be interrupted;
further, flow shop energy consumption modeling with ultra low standby is considered.
The machine tool considering the ultra-low standby state has 3states of a machining state, a standby state and an ultra-low standby state during operation. When the machine tool MjDuration of ith machining interval
To machine tool MjState switching threshold of
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
enter an ultra-low standby state, xijEqual to 1; otherwise, entering a standby state, xijEqual to 0. Conventional scheduling scheme fig. 2(a) illustrates a transition from a partial standby state to an ultra-low standby state, where standby power is reduced, O, as shown in fig. 2(b) after considering the ultra-low standby stateijWorkpiece NiThe jth step of (1), TmakespanIs the maximum process time. Considering the scheduling scheme of ultra-low standby fig. 2(b) is shifted as shown in fig. 2(c), the standby state is converted into the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The calculation formulas of the processing energy consumption PE, the standby energy consumption WE and the ultra-low standby energy consumption SWE of the flow shop considering the ultra-low standby state are shown as formulas (1), (2) and (3).
Wherein,
and
respectively representing machine tools MjProcessing power, standby power and ultra-low standby power; t is tijRepresenting a workpiece NjAnd (5) processing time of the j-th procedure.
And considering the flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem objective function of ultralow standby energy consumption as the minimum total energy consumption of the machine tool set M, namely minE.
minE＝PE+WE+SWE (4)
s.t.
ftij-stij＝tij(5)
stij-st(i-1)j≥t(i-1)j(6)
stij-sti(j-1)≥ti(j-1)(7)
Wherein ftijRepresenting a workpiece NiFinishing time of the jth procedure; stijRepresenting a workpiece NiAnd the start-up time of the j-th procedure. The formula (5) shows that the interval between the working procedure start time and the completion time is equal to the processing time of the working procedure, so that the working procedure processing is not interrupted; the formula (6) shows that the working procedure can be processed only after the previous working procedure of the machine tool is finished, and the machine tool is constrained to process at most one workpiece at any time; formula (7) shows that the process can be processed only after the previous process of the workpiece is finished, and the processing sequence of the adjacent processes of the workpiece is restricted.
In this embodiment, a genetic algorithm and an energy-saving strategy based on process translation are mixed to form a hybrid genetic algorithm based on process translation to solve the flow shop scheduling problem considering the ultra-low standby state, and a specific flow of the hybrid algorithm is shown in fig. 3. In the flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem considering the ultra-low standby state, whether the ultra-low standby state can be started or not at the machining interval is an important determining factor of the shop energy consumption, but the influence of the length of the machining interval on the starting of the ultra-low standby state of the machine tool is ignored in a feasible solution generated by a genetic algorithm. The embodiment designs an energy-saving strategy based on process translation aiming at the problem solving characteristics, further performs energy consumption optimization processing on new individuals generated by a genetic algorithm, and realizes the conversion from a standby state to an ultra-low standby state and a shutdown state.
The hybrid genetic algorithm based on process translation firstly determines a solution space through codes, then randomly generates an initial generation population, generates new individuals through selection, intersection and variation operations, then locally optimizes the new individuals through an energy-saving strategy based on process translation to form re-optimized individuals, finally evaluates fitness values of the re-optimized individuals, and outputs an optimal solution when the population meets a termination condition.
The energy-saving strategy based on process translation is based on the premise that the existing completion time of the machine tool is not prolonged, the length of a processing interval before and after the process is adjusted through the translation process, the standby state is converted into the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state, and the energy consumption of the flow shop scheduling scheme considering the ultra-low standby state is reduced. As shown in fig. 3, this algorithm includes two steps: determining a process translation sequence; and (5) a translation process.
(1) Determining a process translation order
FIG. 2(b) is a scheduling scheme of problem size 4 × 4, which is formed by decoding the ultra-low standby state considered flow shop scheduling problem via chromosome Parent 2. Process O can be seen in FIG. 2(b)ijThe translation space of the workpiece is subjected to the next working procedure Oi(j+1)Working procedure O next to the machine tool(i+1)jOf (3) is performed. Based on this embodiment, a stitch sorting method is proposed, as shown in fig. 6, in which the processes are arranged in the order of the constrained degree from small to large, and the maximum translation space is given to each process. Because the existing completion time of the machine tool cannot be prolonged, the last procedure of the machine tool cannot be moved, namely all procedures of the last workpiece of the scheduling scheme cannot be moved. The specific steps of determining the process translation sequence are as follows: firstly, arranging the front n-1 workpieces of a scheduling scheme from back to front according to a processing sequence, and then arranging all the procedures of the workpieces from back to front to form a procedure translation sequence. The scheduling scheme process shift sequence shown in FIG. 6 is [ O ]33；O32；O31；O23；O22；O21；O13；O12；O11]。
(2) Translation step
And after determining the scheduling scheme procedure translation sequence, sequentially selecting the procedures in the sequence for translation. In order not to affect the existing flow time of the machine tool, the procedure OijThe completion time is translated at most to its latest completion time lftij，
lftij＝min(st(i+1)j,sti(j+1)) (8)
The possible situations and specific translation methods for the process translation process are shown in fig. 5.
The first condition is as follows: when the process O is selectedijLft (g)ij＝st(i+1)jIn the meantime, as shown in FIG. 6(a), the selection step is shifted to st(i+1)jThe start time and the finish time of the process are updated as shown in equations (9) and (10):
ftij＝st(i+1)j(9)
stij＝ftij-tij(10)
the processing intervals before and after the working procedure after the translation operation are combined into
As shown in fig. 6 (b). When in use
To achieve
The ultra-low standby state is entered (when the working procedure belongs to the first workpiece of the scheduling scheme,
enter a shutdown state) to reduce the energy consumption of the scheduling scheme.
Case two: when the process O is selectedijLft (g)ij<st(i+1)jAnd is
In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 6(c), the selection step is shifted to st(i+1)jThe start time and the finish time of the process are updated as shown in equations (11) and (12):
ftij＝sti(j+1)(11)
stij＝ftij-tij(12)
after the translation operation
And
is combined into
As shown in fig. 6 (d). When in use
To achieve
The ultra-low standby state is entered (when the working procedure belongs to the first workpiece of the scheduling scheme,
enters a shutdown state),
the merged part is converted from a standby state to an ultra-low standby state or a shutdown state, and the energy consumption of the scheduling scheme is reduced.
Case three: when the process O is selectedijLft (g)ij<st(i+1)jAnd is
In the meantime, as shown in FIGS. 6(e) and (g), the selected step is temporarily shifted to sti(j+1)And state switching time node
Where the two are smaller, i.e.
stij＝ftij-tij(14)
Machining gap after translation operation
And
as shown in FIG. 6 (f)) And (h).
Still in the ultra-low standby state if
Keeping a translation result when the mobile terminal is in an ultra-low standby state or a shutdown state; if not, then,
enter into
Part of the data will be converted to the standby state and the scheduling scheme consumes more power, as shown in fig. 6(h), thus canceling the shift operation and returning to the original state.
The translation operations of case one and case two can be increased
And
the possibility of converting into an ultra-low standby state or a shutdown state; case three translation operations can be increased
The possibility of transition to an ultra-low standby state or a shutdown state, all three translation operations being process O(i-1)jAnd Oi(j-1)Providing more translation space. After the scheduling scheme shown in fig. 2(b) is optimized by the energy-saving strategy based on process translation, as shown in fig. 2(c), compared with the scheduling scheme shown in fig. 2(b), the current completion time of each machine tool in the optimized scheduling scheme is unchanged, but the standby state of each machine tool is completely converted into the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state, so that the energy consumption of the scheduling scheme is reduced.
Accordingly, a computer readable storage medium is provided having stored therein a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by a processor of a terminal device and to perform the above-described process.
A terminal device comprising a processor and a computer readable storage medium, the processor being configured to implement instructions; the computer readable storage medium is used to store a plurality of instructions adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform the above-described processes.
The method is characterized in that a certain flange machining workshop is taken as a research object, the workshop is provided with 5 types of flange workpieces, each workpiece needs to go through 5 working procedures, and machining data of each working procedure and power state data of machining equipment are shown in a table 3. 2 workpieces of each type of flange plate workpiece are selected for machining in case, 10 workpieces are selected, 5 processes are carried out on each workpiece, and the problem of energy consumption scheduling of the flow shop is 10 multiplied by 5 is formed by taking the minimum workshop energy consumption as a target.
TABLE 3 flow shop processing parameter table (time/min power/kW)
3 sets of simulation experiments were designed for this case, respectively:
(1) experiment one (GA +2 States): solving the traditional flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem (2 equipment operation states of processing and standby) based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA);
(2) experiment two (GA +3 States): solving the flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem (3 equipment running states of processing, standby and ultralow standby) considering the ultralow standby state based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA);
(3) experiment three (hybrid ga +3 States): and solving a flow shop energy consumption scheduling problem (3 equipment running states of processing, standby and ultralow standby) considering the ultralow standby state based on a hybrid genetic algorithm (hybrid GA) of process translation.
Selecting various parameters of a simulation experiment genetic algorithm: (1) population scale: 100, the number of the cells is 100; (2) maximum number of iterations: 120 times; (3) competition scale: 4, the number of the channels is 4; (4) cross probability: 0.5; (5) the mutation probability: 0.1. the simulation experiment was performed in MatlabR2014a environment, and the computer configuration was as follows: 16GBRAM/Intel (R) core (TM) i7-7500UCPU @2.70GHz 2.90GHz/Windows10 operating system.
The final optimization results of 3 sets of simulation experiments are shown in table 4:
table 43 set simulation experiment optimization results table (energy consumption/kW min time/min)
Comparing the total energy consumption E of the GA +2States experiment and the GA +3States experiment, the energy consumption of the workshop can be reduced by about 16.43% by starting the ultra-low standby state based on the traditional GA algorithm. Comparing the total energy consumption E of the GA +3States experiment with the hybrid GA +3States experiment, the hybrid GA algorithm based on process translation can further reduce the energy consumption by 7.62%, and the energy-saving strategy based on process translation proposed in this embodiment is effective.
From table 4, it can be known that the processing energy consumption of the flow shop is constant, and the processing interval energy consumption is an important factor influencing the total energy consumption of the scheduling scheme. FIGS. 7(a) - (c) are Gantt charts of optimal scheduling schemes for 3 sets of simulation experiments, in which two workpieces 1 are numbered N1And N6Two workpieces 2 are numbered N2And N7Two workpieces 3 are numbered N3And N8Two workpieces 4 are numbered N4And N9Two workpieces 5 are numbered N5And N10. FIG. 7(b) enabling ultra low standby conditions results in reduced process interval power consumption; fig. 7(c) the process interval state is fully entered into the ultra low standby state and the shutdown state, and the power consumption is further reduced.
Fig. 8 shows the operation state duration of the GA +3States experiment and hybrid GA +3States experiment machine tool, and compared with the conventional GA algorithm solution, the hybrid GA algorithm based on process translation enables the standby state duration to be reduced, and the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state duration to be increased.
In conclusion, an energy-saving strategy based on process translation is designed for solving the problem of flow shop energy consumption scheduling considering ultra-low standby by adjusting a numerical control system to close unnecessary auxiliary equipment to find a machine tool ultra-low standby state. Case analysis shows that the effect of reducing the energy consumption of the flow shop is obvious when the ultralow standby state is started, and the energy-saving strategy based on process translation can realize the conversion from the standby state to the ultralow standby state and the shutdown state, further reduce the energy consumption of the flow shop, and has a strong guiding significance for the actual engineering.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. A flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering ultra-low standby is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) in a flow shop considering the machining state, the standby state and the ultra-low standby state of a machine tool at the same time, solving the machining sequence of a workpiece set on the machine tool set by taking the minimum energy consumption as a target to form a flow shop scheduling problem model considering the ultra-low standby state;
(2) combining an energy-saving strategy based on process translation with a genetic algorithm to form a flow shop scheduling problem optimization model considering ultralow standby, determining a solution space through coding, randomly generating an initial generation population, generating a new individual through selection, intersection and variation operations, namely a scheduling scheme, determining a machine tool, start time and completion time used by each process of the scheduling scheme, locally optimizing the new individual through the energy-saving strategy based on process translation to form a re-optimized individual, evaluating the fitness value of the re-optimized individual, and outputting an optimal scheduling scheme when the population meets a termination condition;
the ultra-low standby state is characterized in that on the basis of the standby state, the drive device of the main shaft unit and the feed shaft unit, the motors and the auxiliary units of the main shaft unit and the feed shaft unit are completely closed by closing the programmable logic controller and the position control device in the machine tool system, and only the basic unit and part of the numerical control system are started to avoid the phenomenon of over supply of the auxiliary units in the standby state;
the calculation formulas of the processing energy consumption PE, the standby energy consumption WE and the ultralow standby energy consumption SWE of the flow shop in the ultralow standby state are shown as a formula I, a formula II and a formula III:
wherein,
and
respectively representing machine tools MjProcessing power, standby power and ultra-low standby power; t is tijRepresenting a workpiece NjProcessing time of the j procedure; when the machine tool MjDuration of ith machining interval
Wherein i ∈ [1, n-1 ]]To reach the machine tool MjState switching threshold of
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
enter an ultra-low standby state, xijEqual to 0; otherwise, entering a standby state, xijEqual to 1;
the minimum energy consumption minE calculation formula is as follows:
min E is PE + WE + SWE formula four;
the energy-saving strategy based on the process translation is based on the premise that the existing completion time of the machine tool is not prolonged, the length of a processing interval before and after the process is adjusted through the translation process, the standby state is converted into the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state, and the energy consumption of the flow shop scheduling scheme considering the ultra-low standby state is reduced.
2. The flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering ultra-low standby as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when a flow shop scheduling problem model considering ultra-low standby is constructed, the following constraint conditions need to be met:
(1) considering that any workpiece in an ultra-low standby flow shop needs to be processed through the same process, and each process can be processed on only one machine tool;
(2) the workshop machine tools are all numerical control machines and all consider the machining state, the standby state and the ultra-low standby state;
(3) each machine tool processes at most one part at any time;
(4) the processing process of each procedure can not be interrupted.
3. The flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering ultra-low standby as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the energy consumption is the sum of processing energy consumption, standby energy consumption and ultralow standby energy consumption.
4. The flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering ultra-low standby as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the energy-saving strategy based on process translation is used for carrying out local optimization on a new individual by determining a process translation sequence and a translation process.
5. The flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering ultra-low standby as claimed in claim 4, wherein: determining the process translation sequence by using a stitch sorting method: arranging the working procedures according to the sequence that the constraint degree of the latest completion time is increased from small to large, giving the maximum translation space to each working procedure, arranging the front n-1 workpieces of the scheduling scheme from back to front according to the processing sequence, and arranging all the working procedures of the workpieces from back to front to form a working procedure translation sequence.
6. The flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering ultra-low standby as claimed in claim 4, wherein: after a scheduling scheme procedure translation sequence is determined based on an energy-saving strategy of procedure translation, procedures in the sequence are sequentially selected for translation, the completion time of each procedure is translated to the latest completion time at most, and the latest completion time is the minimum value of the following two: the start-up time of the workpiece in the next process and the start-up time of the next workpiece in the next process.
7. The utility model provides a consider flow shop energy consumption dispatch system of ultralow standby state which characterized by: executing on the processor or the memory, configured to execute the following instructions:
in a flow shop considering the processing state, the standby state and the ultra-low standby state of a machine tool at the same time, solving the processing sequence of each procedure of a workpiece set on the machine tool set by taking the minimized energy consumption as a target to form a flow shop scheduling problem model considering the ultra-low standby state;
combining an energy-saving strategy based on process translation with a genetic algorithm to form a flow shop scheduling problem optimization model considering ultralow standby, firstly determining a solution space through coding, then randomly generating an initial generation population, generating a new individual through selection, crossing and mutation operations, namely a scheduling scheme, determining a machine tool, start time and completion time used by each process of the scheduling scheme, then locally optimizing the new individual through the energy-saving strategy based on process translation to form a re-optimized individual, finally evaluating the fitness value of the re-optimized individual, and outputting an optimal solution when the population meets a termination condition;
the ultra-low standby state is characterized in that on the basis of the standby state, the drive device of the main shaft unit and the feed shaft unit, the motors and the auxiliary units of the main shaft unit and the feed shaft unit are completely closed by closing the programmable logic controller and the position control device in the machine tool system, and only the basic unit and part of the numerical control system are started to avoid the phenomenon of over supply of the auxiliary units in the standby state;
the calculation formulas of the processing energy consumption PE, the standby energy consumption WE and the ultralow standby energy consumption SWE of the flow shop in the ultralow standby state are shown as a formula I, a formula II and a formula III:
wherein,
and
respectively representing machine tools MjProcessing power, standby power and ultra-low standby power; t is tijRepresenting a work MjProcessing time of the j procedure; when the machine tool MjDuration of ith machining interval
To machine tool MjState switching threshold of
When the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
enter an ultra-low standby state, xijEqual to 1; otherwise, entering a standby state, xijEqual to 0;
the minimum energy consumption minE calculation formula is as follows:
min E is PE + WE + SWE formula four;
the energy-saving strategy based on the process translation is based on the premise that the existing completion time of the machine tool is not prolonged, the length of a processing interval before and after the process is adjusted through the translation process, the standby state is converted into the ultra-low standby state and the shutdown state, and the energy consumption of the flow shop scheduling scheme considering the ultra-low standby state is reduced.
8. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by: stored with instructions adapted to be loaded by a processor of a terminal device and to perform a method for flow shop energy consumption scheduling considering ultra low standby state according to any of claims 1-6.
9. A terminal device is characterized in that: the system comprises a processor and a computer readable storage medium, wherein the processor is used for realizing instructions; the computer readable storage medium is used for storing a plurality of instructions, and the instructions are suitable for being loaded by a processor and executing the flow shop energy consumption scheduling method considering the ultra-low standby state in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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