CN1096494C - 生产量子分裂磷光体和新的组合物的方法 - Google Patents

生产量子分裂磷光体和新的组合物的方法 Download PDF

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CN1096494C
CN1096494C CN97103395A CN97103395A CN1096494C CN 1096494 C CN1096494 C CN 1096494C CN 97103395 A CN97103395 A CN 97103395A CN 97103395 A CN97103395 A CN 97103395A CN 1096494 C CN1096494 C CN 1096494C
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A·M·斯里瓦斯塔瓦
W·W·比尔斯
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Abstract

量子分裂磷光体,它具有被三价镨离子活化的主晶格,其中保持了三价镨离子-配体键的共价键性,使三价镨离子的4f5d能带水平的重力中心位于1S0水平之上,主晶格具有大于约5eV的带隙。

Description

生产量子分裂磷光体和新的组合物的方法
本发明首次揭示出来并且还原于实践,工作是在美国政府与NIST的合同下进行,合同号是0670 NANB 3H1372。政府应该对本发明享有某些n权力。
本发明涉及生产量子分裂磷光体和新的组合物的方法。具体地说,本发明涉及一个主晶格受三价镨离子(Pr+3)活化,在主晶格内产生量子分裂。更具体地说,本发明涉及获得量子分裂磷光体的规则。
量子分裂一般被描述成是由荧光过剩单位的量子效应引起一种紫外光转换成两种可见光的过程。量子分裂物质是作为需要产生光的应用中的理想磷光体。合适的量子分裂物质原则上可以制成很强光的光源。
以前,量子分裂是在氟化物中呈现的,已经表明一种在YF3基质中含有0.1%三价镨离子的物质在用185nm的幅射激发时,对于每个吸收的紫外光(uv)量子可以产生一个以上的可见光量子。测得这种物质的量子效率是145%±15%,这样就有了更多的剩余单位。
用三价镨离子产生量子分裂的严格的条件已经在基于氟化物的材料中成功地得到应用。近来,用三价镨离子活化的氧化物主晶格中的量子分裂被申请者们揭示出来,该氧化物的分子式是La1-xPrMgB5O10,这里0<X≤0.20(美国专利申请号NO.08/367,634),以及Sr1-xPrxAl12-xMgxO19,这里0<X≤0.2(美国专利申请号08/367,637)。
生产量子分裂磷光体以及新的组合物的方法是很需要的,也需要用+3价态的镨离子(Pr+3)活化主体从而在主晶格中产生量子分裂的方法。还需要获得用三价镨离子活化主晶格产生量子分裂磷光体的规则。
本发明满足了这些需要,提供了用三价镨离子活化主晶格生产量子分裂磷光体的方法,该方法由下列几步构成:将三价镨离子加入主晶格中,使其4f5d能带的能量位置是在1S0能态以上,使三价镨离子4f5d能带和1S0能态低于主晶格传导能带的位置;选择主晶格中三价镨的对称位置,以便使致于磷光体产生最大的量子效应。主晶格可以是例如氧化物,如铝酸盐或硼酸盐。其他的氧化物,只要在主晶格中使镨离子处于三价状态又符合上述条件的,都可以设想作为量子分裂磷光体。主晶格的又一例子可以是符合上述三价镨离子的规定的氟化物的主体,进一步的例子是氧化物及卤化物的混合物例如卤氧化物。
其次,本发明另一方面是主晶格用三价镨离子活化的量子分裂磷光体,其中保持Pr+3-配体键的共价键性,使得三价镨离子的4f5d能带水平的引力中心(重力)是位于1S0水平以上,而且主晶格有一个大于约5eV的带隙。
第三,本发明包括了被三价镨离子活化的氧化物主晶格的量子分裂磷光体的特定组合物,其中,三价镨离子到氧键距必须超过大约2.561埃(),量子分裂才会出现。
第四,本发明也阐明了被三价镨离子活化的氟化物主晶格的量子分裂磷光体的组合物,其中三价镨离子到氟化物的键距必须超过大约2.28埃。
本发明的其他益处分别在说明书及所附的权利要求中表明。
本发明一般地涉及新的量子分裂磷光体,在主晶格中有三价镨离子作为活化剂。如果遵循一定的规则,量子分裂磷光体可得到进一步发展。成功地获得被三价镨离子活化的量子分裂磷光体的规则是:三价镨离子的能带4f5d必须位于1S0能态以上,主晶格的带隙应该是高的,以至于三价镨离子能带4f5d和1S0能态位于主晶格传导能带下面;如果主晶格为三价镨离子提供了正确的对称位置,则会产生量子分裂磷光体。例如,已经发现在YF3中的Y+3对称位置对于产生高量子效率看来是适宜的。
对于从混在固体中三价镨离子的量子分裂的第一要求是4f5d水平位于1S0能态上面。如果4f5d能带的能级低于1S0能态,入射的高能光量子的量子分裂就不会出现。这样一来,4f5d的能态位置严格取决于晶场作用于三价镨离子的强度。一个弱晶体场导致4f5d水平的高能级位置,因为晶体场的强度是随着三价镨离子与阴离子间的距离的增加而减少,量子分裂就适合在对三价镨离子有高配位数的结构中,实验表明,在SrAl12O19中发现了量子分裂,其中三价镨离子对最近的氧离子的配位数是9。
结晶场对三价镨离子的4f5d水平的能量位置的影响的结果是共价键的附加影响也应该考虑。在高的共价键周围,三价镨离子4f5d水平的引力中心或裸露中心是位于低能位置。这样,保持三价镨离子-配体键的低共价性是必要的。
成功的量子分裂也需要三价镨离子4f5d能带和1S0能级位置低于固体的传导能带而不是在固体的传导能带内。当三价镨离子的4f5d水平在固体的传导能带中时,则可能产生三价镨离子的光离子化作用,但是对每一个吸收光量子来说不能产生多于一个的光量子。因此,发现三价镨离子必须嵌入带隙大于约5(eV)的晶格中。
量子分裂的观察不一定意味着超单位的量子效率。为了产生高量子效应有必要选择合适的对称点,以便使正确跃迁的可能性达到最大。例如,已经发现YF3主体的对称点对产生发光高量子效率是理想的。
本发明的其他特性和优点从下列实例中将得到更多的证明,这些例子对本发明没有任何限制。
                           实施例
为了说明本发明,采用上述的规则,在氧化物和氟化物主体中三价镨离子到配体的平均键距已经被计算出来。表1中数据表明,对于各种氧化物主体,三价镨离子到氧的键距必须超过约2.561埃才能够出现量子分裂。
                        表1
    三价镨离子到氧的平均键距和量子分裂的预测实施例号          化合物          键距       量子分裂
1              YPO4           2.201埃     无
2              YBO3           2.383埃     无
3              LaPO4          2.561埃     无
4              LaMgB5O10     2.611埃     有
5              LaB3O6        2.616埃     有
6              SrAl12O19     2.756埃     有
表1中数据表明,根据三价镨离子到氧配体的平均键距可以成功的预见主晶格能否支持量子分裂。进一步注意到上述的氧化物主晶格是用来说明的,本发明的方法并不仅限于上述氧化物。而是任何被三价镨离子活化的主晶格或主晶格的混合物,只要满足本发明的规则,都将表现为量子分裂磷光体,例如:应当理解氧化物和卤化物的混合物,像卤氧化物可以作为主晶格。卤氧化物的一个例子是LaOCl。
量子分裂也需要三价镨离子4f5d态处于低于固体主晶格的传导能带的能量位置。这样就避免了三价镨离子的光电离子化而产生的降低发光效率的现象。三价镨离子需要进入带隙大于约5eV的主晶格中。
表2表明三价镨离子到卤化物的平均键距并预测键距大于2.280埃可产生量子分裂。
                        表2
三价镨离子到卤化物的平均键距和量子分裂的预测实施例号          化合物          键距       量子分裂
7             LiYF4           2.265埃      无
8             YF3             2.321埃      有
9             LaF3            2.364埃      有
10            NaYF3           2.364埃      有
11            LaCl3           2.980埃      有
变体和修改对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的,权利要求书意欲覆盖所有在本发明的实质和范围的变体和修改。

Claims (5)

1.生产主晶格被三价镨离子活化的量子分裂磷光体的方法,该方法由下列几步构成:
使主晶格中的三价镨离子4f5d能带的能量位置在1S0能态以上,
使三价镨离子的4f5d能带和1S0能态低于主晶格的传导能带,
选择主晶格中三价镨离子的对称位置,以产生量子分裂磷光体,
所述主晶格是氧化物主晶格或卤化物主晶格或卤氧化物主晶格,
所述氧化物的主晶格中三价镨离子到氧的平均键距大于约2.561埃,
所述卤化物主晶格中三价镨离子到卤化物的平均键距大于约2.28埃,
所述主晶格具有大于5eV的带隙。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中主晶格中三价镨离子到氧的平均键距大于约2.561埃的氧化物选自SrAl12O19,LaMgB5O10,LaB3O6及其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中主晶格中三价镨离子到卤化物的平均键距大于约2.28埃的卤化物选自YF3,LaF3,NaYF4,LaCl3及其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中选择对于三价镨离子的主晶格的对称位置,使磷光体可以产生最大的量子效率。
5.具有被三价镨离子活化的主晶格的量子分裂磷光体,其中保持三价镨离子-配体键的共价性,使4f5d的能带的重力中心或者三价镨离子的裸露中心水平位于1S0水平之上,而且主晶格具有大于约5eV的带隙,其中主晶格是氧化物或卤化物或卤氧化物,其中卤化物主晶格中三价镨离子到卤化物的平均键距大于约2.28埃,其中氧化物的主晶格中三价镨离子到氧的平均键距大于约2.561埃。
CN97103395A 1996-03-29 1997-03-27 生产量子分裂磷光体和新的组合物的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1096494C (zh)

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