CN109638760A - Alleviate the method that distributed power generation influences the cooperation protection of direction overcurrent relay based on relay novel characteristics curve - Google Patents
Alleviate the method that distributed power generation influences the cooperation protection of direction overcurrent relay based on relay novel characteristics curve Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/28—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for meshed systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses alleviate the method that distributed power generation influences the cooperation protection of direction overcurrent relay, key step are as follows: 1) determine electric system, and obtain the master data of electric system based on relay novel characteristics curve.2) direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model is established, the sum of the working time of all main relays is made to reach minimum.3) it is based on direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model, establishes direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve.4) when detecting that overcurrent fault occurs in relay, the trip time of direction overcurrent relay is determined according to direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve.The present invention does not need to disconnect distributed energy or readjust relay protection setting that the negative effect that distributed energy cooperates to relay protection can be solved, and can substantially reduce the total run time of all primary relays.It the composite can be widely applied in the collaborative work of the grid-connected middle direction overcurrent relay protection of distributed energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to relay protection fields, specifically alleviate distributed power generation other side based on relay novel characteristics curve
The method influenced to overcurrent relay cooperation protection.
Background technique
Distributed power generation includes wind-power electricity generation, solar power generation and biomass power generation etc., be conducive to alleviate backlog,
Reduce power loss and protection environment.However, distributed power generation can also make troubles to protection system, for example, relay is assisted
Protection missing is adjusted, short circuit current level is increased.Therefore, the reliable and secure operation to guarantee electric system, it is necessary to carefully study
Influence of the distributed power generation to relay protection.
Overcurrent protection (OCR) is a kind of relay protection type, and when current amplitude is more than preset level, protective switch is dynamic
Make.Overcurrent relay is usually connected with direction unit together, when current amplitude is more than preset level, and current direction and reference side
To it is identical when, relay protection movement.If failure is in opposite direction, any movement will not occur.Direction overcurrent relay
(DOCR) it is generally used in distribution system, DOCR is optimal to be coordinated all to be one for any protection system very important to ask
Topic.The correct selection of these protection settings plays an important role to the optimal coordination of DOCR.The reliable coordination of DOCR means
Primary relay should quickly isolate the failure of its region, and the system failure is limited in minimum zone, and duplicate relay is answered
It is run after relay protection movement.
Although be currently suggested different technologies mitigate distributed energy infiltration to DOCR coordinate performance negative effect,
But these technologies still suffer from many limitations.Traditional optimization algorithm, such as linear programming (LP) and Non-Linear Programming (NLP), all
It is made to solve the coordination problem.However, finding the failure probability of traditional optimisation technique of global solution when electric system becomes larger
It is consequently increased.Distributed generation resource is disconnected when fault detection to avoid isolated island and to prevent the contribution of its fault current be existing to practice it
One, this way is there is many problems, the problems such as the reliability for such as reducing electric system, the stability problem being likely to occur.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address problems of the prior art.
To realize the present invention purpose and the technical solution adopted is that such, alleviated point based on relay novel characteristics curve
The method that cloth power generation influences the cooperation protection of direction overcurrent relay, mainly comprises the steps that
1) it determines electric system, and obtains the master data of electric system.
The electric system mainly includes direction overcurrent relay, main relay, duplicate relay and distributed energy
DGS。
The distributed energy DGS mainly includes internal combustion engine, fuel cell and renewable energy.
The renewable energy mainly includes that can generate electricity in wind-power electricity generation, geother-mal power generation, solar power generation and morning and evening.
The master data of the electric system mainly includes each node voltage and electric current.
2) direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model is established, the sum of the working time of all main relays is made to reach minimum.
The key step for establishing direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model is as follows:
2.1) the nonlinear mathematics equation of relay characteristic curve is determined, it may be assumed that
In formula, λ and α are the constant changed with relay characteristic.N is the relay serial number for overcurrent fault occur.
TDSnFor the dialing time of setting.IPnThe electric current obtained for n-th of relay measurement.IfnFor the failure electricity of relay n measurement
Stream.
2.2) it determines relay parameter, mainly includes that main relay starts time Tbi, duplicate relay start time Tpr、
The electric current IP that TDS and n-th of relay measurement obtainn。
Main relay starts time TbiStart time Tp with duplicate relayrRelationship it is as follows
Tbi-Tpr≥CTI。 (2)
In formula, CTI is to coordinate time interval.
TDS is as follows:
TDSmin≤TDS≤TDSmax。 (3)
In formula, TDSminFor the dialing time lower limit of setting.TDSmaxFor the dialing time upper limit of setting.
The electric current IP that n-th of relay measurement obtainsnIt is as follows:
Ipmin≤Ipn≤Ipmax。 (4)
In formula, IpminFor lower current limit.IpmaxFor upper current limit.
2.3) it is based on formula 1 to 4, establishes the optimization object function OF of direction overcurrent relay DOCR, it may be assumed that
In formula, TnIt is the working time of n-th of main relay.N is the total number of main relay.OF is the work of main relay
Make the sum of time.
2.4) MWCA method is utilized, the minimum value OF of the sum of working time of main relay is calculatedmin。
3) it is based on direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model, establishes direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve.
The key step for establishing direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve is as follows:
3.1) PCRC index is calculated, and establishes relay characteristic curve；PCRC index is as follows:
In formula, VpnThe phase voltage amplitude obtained for n-th of relay measurement.VsnFor the regulation phase voltage of n-th of relay
Value.TnFor the working time of relay.δ is the constant changed with relay characteristic.
3.2) Vp is setn=Vsn, it is based on formula 6, establishes the phase voltage amplitude Vp that n-th of relay measurement obtainsnAnd when
Between characteristic relation, and draw direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve.
4) when detecting that overcurrent fault occurs in relay, according to direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve determination side
To the trip time of overcurrent relay.
The solution have the advantages that unquestionable.It is bent that the invention proposes a kind of direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristics
Line, to keep power grid containing distributed energy and without the coordination between distributed energy power grid.The purpose of the present invention is assisting
Adjust the protection act of DOCR in the electric system containing distributed generation resource.
It is difficult to the problem of cooperating for DOCR in the existing electric system containing distributed generation resource, the invention proposes one kind
The novel tripping characteristic curve of DOCR, to coordinate power grid containing distributed energy and the relay protection work without distributed energy power grid
Make situation.
The invention proposes new characteristic curve, does not need to disconnect distributed energy or readjust relay protection setting i.e.
The negative effect that distributed energy cooperates to relay protection can be solved, total fortune of all primary relays can be substantially reduced
The row time.It the composite can be widely applied in the collaborative work of the grid-connected middle direction overcurrent relay protection of distributed energy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is characteristic curve (Vs=0.6, TDS=1.1).
Fig. 2 is 39 node system topological diagram of IEEE.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only
It is limited to following embodiments.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and used
With means, various replacements and change are made, should all include within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Alleviate the side that distributed power generation influences the cooperation protection of direction overcurrent relay based on relay novel characteristics curve
Method mainly comprises the steps that
1) it determines electric system, and obtains the master data of electric system.
The electric system mainly includes direction overcurrent relay, main relay, duplicate relay and distributed energy
DGS.Relay is a kind of electric control device.
The distributed energy DGS mainly includes internal combustion engine, fuel cell and renewable energy.
The renewable energy mainly includes that can generate electricity in wind-power electricity generation, geother-mal power generation, solar power generation and morning and evening.
The master data of the electric system mainly includes each node voltage and electric current.
2) direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model is established, the sum of the working time of all main relays is made to reach minimum.Solution
Certainly the main purpose of direction overcurrent relay DORS coordination problem is to safeguard the reliance security of power grid.This target can pass through
It finds optimal relay setting to realize to minimize the sum of working time of all main relays, and guard relay is to it
Between the validity that sequentially operates.
The key step for establishing direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model is as follows:
2.1) the nonlinear mathematics equation of relay characteristic curve is determined, it may be assumed that
In formula, λ and α are the constant changed with relay characteristic.N is the relay serial number for overcurrent fault occur.
TDSnFor the dialing time of setting.IPnThe electric current obtained for n-th of relay measurement.IfnFor the failure electricity of relay n measurement
Stream.For standard relay type, λ and α are respectively 0.14 and 0.02.
2.2) it determines relay parameter, mainly includes that main relay starts time Tbi, duplicate relay start time Tpr、
The electric current IP that TDS and n-th of relay measurement obtainn。
Main relay starts time TbiStart time Tp with duplicate relayrRelationship it is as follows
Tbi-Tpr≥CTI。 (2)
In formula, CTI is to coordinate time interval.
Main relay protection and backup relay detect failure simultaneously.Duplicate relay must be in one section of coordination time interval
(CTI) start after, if main relay fails operation to maintain selection criteria and the creation differentiation nargin between relay pair.
CTI depends on working time, safety margin and the relay types of breaker.From 0.2 to 0.5s etc., this depends on the value of CTI
In relay types, the CTI value of the present embodiment is 0.2s.
TDS is as follows:
TDSmin≤TDS≤TDSmax。 (3)
In formula, TDSminFor the dialing time lower limit of setting.TDSmaxFor the dialing time upper limit of setting.
TDSminAnd TDSmaxIt is the range setting of TDS, is set as 0.01s and 1.1s.
The electric current IP that n-th of relay measurement obtainsnIt is as follows:
Ipmin≤Ipn≤Ipmax。 (4)
In formula, IpminFor lower current limit.IpmaxFor upper current limit.The upper limit is 1.5 times of maximum load current, and lower limit is most
The 2/3 of glitch electric current.
2.3) it is based on formula 1 to 4, establishes the optimization object function OF of direction overcurrent relay DOCR, it may be assumed that
In formula, TnIt is the working time of n-th of main relay.N is the total number of main relay.OF is the work of main relay
Make the sum of time.
2.4) MWCA method (multiple target water loop optimization algorithm) is utilized, the sum of working time of main relay is calculated
Minimum value OFmin。
3) it is based on direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model, establishes direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve.
The key step for establishing direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve is as follows:
3.1) since distributed energy permeates, relay protection be difficult to coordinate be the significant challenge that faces of protecting electrical power system it
One.In order to mitigate negative effect of the distributed energy in protecting electrical power system, PCRC index is proposed.
PCRC index is calculated, and establishes relay characteristic curve；PCRC index is as follows:
In formula, VpnThe phase voltage amplitude obtained for n-th of relay measurement.VsnFor the regulation phase voltage of n-th of relay
Value.TnFor the working time of relay.δ is the constant changed with relay characteristic.
3.2) Vp is setn=Vsn, it is based on formula 6, establishes the phase voltage amplitude Vp that n-th of relay measurement obtainsnAnd when
Between characteristic relation, and draw direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve, as shown in Figure 1.
When failure approach relay, it may appear that biggish voltage drop.Same concept is used to distinguish using parameter
Relay, when Vp is less than Vs, the working time of relay can accelerate, and vice versa.The parameter Vs that the present embodiment is chosen is equal to
Or the minimum Vp value less than backup relay, in PCRC, the working time of relay depends not only on the actual measurement during failure
Electric current, but also the phase voltage of measurement is depended on, to overcome influence of the distributed energy to cooperating between relay.It is mentioned
The indicatrix of view can graphically indicate in Fig. 1.It is equal to Vs by setting Vp, when can cancel to traditional DOCR operation
Between extention, without changing electric current and the reverse-power between the time.
4) when detecting that overcurrent fault occurs in relay, according to direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve determination side
To the trip time of overcurrent relay.
Embodiment 2:
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is a kind of verifying based on relay novel characteristics curve alleviate distributed power generation to direction overcurrent after
The experiment for the method that electric appliance cooperation protection influences, mainly comprises the steps that
1) build electric system, as shown in Fig. 2, electric system be 39 node system of IEEE, the system by 34 routes,
12 transformers, 10 generators, 68 DOCR, 113 pairs of primary, spare relays to and 136 optimized variables composition.?
Under MATLAB environment, with the PC machine of 2.3GHz and the memory of 4GB, realizes with MWCA and solve the coordination problem of DOCR.
2) DOCR of the distribution-free formula energy coordinates
In this case, IEEE-39 bus system does not install distributed energy, and solves using MWCA based on tradition
The DOCR coordination problem of relay characteristics curve.Same relay protection setting is used for PCSR.In addition, Vs is equal to voltage minimum.
When Tables 1 and 2 lists the work of main relay and duplicate relay using traditional relay characteristic curve and PCSR respectively
Between sample and CTI value.
From table 1 to table 5 as can be seen that two methods can keep main relay protection and it is spare between coordination, wherein relay protect
Coordination nargin between shield is greater than CTI.Net cycle time using PCPR (13.266s) all primary relays obtained is less than
Use the working time of conventional relays characteristic (35.997s) all primary relays obtained.
Table 1 is using the characteristic relay master of traditional relay, reserve operation time and CTI value
Table 2 is using the characteristic relay master of traditional relay, reserve operation time and CTI value
Table 3 uses the relay of PCRC and the main operation time and backup operation time of CTI value
Table 4 uses the relay of PCRC and the main operation time and backup operation time of CTI value
Table 5 uses the relay of PCRC and the main operation time and backup operation time of CTI value
3) test macro containing single distributed generator
In this case, a distributed generator passes through the transformer of a unit reactance 0.01 and 10mVA capacity
It is connected in system.The capacity of distributed generator is 10MVA, and transient state unit reactance is 0.2.All DOCR settings are all kept
For original setting.
Main relay and duplicate relay using traditional relay characteristic curve and PCRC is set forth in table 6 to table 9
Working time and CTI value sample.From table 6, table 7 as can be seen that conventional relays characteristic curve be applied to it is fixed after
When electric appliance is arranged, there are three kinds of uncoordinated phenomenons.These, which violate constraint conditions, (R7, R48), (R8, R10) and (R49,
R54).From table 8 and table 9 as can be seen that PCRC can be with the coordination nargin between guard relay, without readjusting relay
Setting disconnects distributed generator.
Table 6 is using the characteristic relay master of traditional relay, reserve operation time and CTI value
Table 7 is using the characteristic relay master of traditional relay, reserve operation time and CTI value
Table 8 uses the relay of PCRC and the main operation time and backup operation time of CTI value
Table 9 uses the relay of PCRC and the main operation time and backup operation time of CTI value
4) test macro containing multiple distributed generators
In this case, different distributed generators is set to verify having for proposed method in different positions
Effect property.6 distributed generators are installed to IEEE-39 bus system by transformer.Different size of point of different location
Cloth generator details are shown in Table 10.Table 11, which is shown, installs distributed generator to the total linear system of IEEE-39 in different location
When system, a few thing time and CTI value of the characteristic main relay of traditional relay and duplicate relay are used.This table
In as can be seen that it is uncoordinated (< 0.2s) that there are 9 nodes in the application characteristic DOCR of traditional relay.
Table 12 is shown using the main relaying of PCRC and some operating times of backup relay and CTI value.It is applying
There is not the case where violating constraint in the DOCR of PCRC.In other words, it may be said that PCRC be it is sufficiently reliable, can keep main
Relay to and spare coordination nargin of the relaying between, without in the case where being not present or different DGS sizes occur more
Change original relaying setting.
The optimal relay protection of 1015 node system of table is set
Table 11 is using the characteristic relay master of traditional relay, reserve operation time and CTI value
Table 12 is using the characteristic relay master of traditional relay, reserve operation time and CTI value
Table 13 uses the relay of PCRC and the main operation time and backup operation time of CTI value
Table 14 uses the relay of PCRC and the main operation time and backup operation time of CTI value
In conclusion it is proposed by the present invention based on relay novel characteristics curve alleviate distributed power generation to direction overcurrent after
The method that electric appliance cooperation protection influences does not need to disconnect distributed energy or readjust relay protection setting that distribution can be solved
The negative effect that the formula energy cooperates to relay protection can substantially reduce the total run time of all primary relays.
Claims (4)
1. the method that distributed power generation influences the cooperation protection of direction overcurrent relay is alleviated based on relay novel characteristics curve,
It is characterized in that, mainly comprising the steps that
1) it determines the electric system, and obtains the master data of electric system；
2) direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model is established, the sum of the working time of all main relays is made to reach minimum.
3) it is based on direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model, establishes direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve；
4) when detecting that overcurrent fault occurs in relay, direction mistake is determined according to direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve
The trip time of current relay.
2. according to claim 1 alleviate distributed power generation to direction overcurrent relay based on relay novel characteristics curve
The method that cooperation protection influences, it is characterised in that: the electric system mainly includes direction overcurrent relay, main relay, standby
With relay and distributed energy DGS；
The distributed energy DGS mainly includes internal combustion engine, fuel cell and renewable energy；
The renewable energy mainly includes that can generate electricity in wind-power electricity generation, geother-mal power generation, solar power generation and morning and evening.
The master data of the electric system mainly includes each node voltage and electric current.
3. it is according to claim 1 or 2 based on relay novel characteristics curve alleviate distributed power generation to direction overcurrent after
The method that electric appliance cooperation protection influences, which is characterized in that the key step for establishing direction overcurrent relay Coordination Model is as follows:
1) the nonlinear mathematics equation of relay characteristic curve is determined, it may be assumed that
In formula, λ and α are the constant changed with relay characteristic；N is the relay serial number for overcurrent fault occur；TDSnTo set
The dialing time set；IPnThe electric current obtained for n-th of relay measurement；IfnFor the fault current of relay n measurement；
2) it determines relay parameter, mainly includes that main relay starts time Tbi, duplicate relay start time Tpr, TDS and
The electric current IP that n relay measurement obtainsn；
Main relay starts time TbiStart time Tp with duplicate relayrRelationship it is as follows
Tbi-Tpr≥CTI； (2)
In formula, CTI is to coordinate time interval；
TDS is as follows:
TDSmin≤TDS≤TDSmax； (3)
In formula, TDSminFor the dialing time lower limit of setting；TDSmaxFor the dialing time upper limit of setting；
The electric current IP that n-th of relay measurement obtainsnIt is as follows:
Ipmin≤Ipn≤Ipmax； (4)
In formula, IpminFor lower current limit；IpmaxFor upper current limit；
3) it is based on formula 1 to 4, establishes the optimization object function OF of direction overcurrent relay DOCR, it may be assumed that
In formula, TnIt is the working time of n-th of main relay；N is the total number of main relay；When OF is the work of main relay
The sum of between；
4) MWCA method is utilized, the minimum value OF of the sum of working time of main relay is calculatedmin。
4. according to claim 1 alleviate distributed power generation to direction overcurrent relay based on relay novel characteristics curve
The method that cooperation protection influences, which is characterized in that the key step for establishing direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve is as follows:
1) PCRC index is calculated, and establishes relay characteristic curve；PCRC index is as follows:
In formula, VpnThe phase voltage amplitude obtained for n-th of relay measurement；VsnFor the regulation phase voltage value of n-th of relay；
TnFor the working time of relay；δ is the constant changed with relay characteristic；
2) Vp is setn=Vsn, it is based on formula 6, establishes the phase voltage amplitude Vp that n-th of relay measurement obtainsnWith the spy of time
Sexual intercourse, and draw direction overcurrent relay tripping characteristic curve.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103532115A (en) * | 2013-10-26 | 2014-01-22 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院 | Microgrid short-circuit current-based protective device and configuration method thereof |
| US20180358805A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2018-12-13 | S&C Electric Company | Fault Protection System and Method for an Electrical Power Distribution System |
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2018
- 2018-12-29 CN CN201811639323.XA patent/CN109638760B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180358805A1 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2018-12-13 | S&C Electric Company | Fault Protection System and Method for an Electrical Power Distribution System |
| CN103532115A (en) * | 2013-10-26 | 2014-01-22 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院 | Microgrid short-circuit current-based protective device and configuration method thereof |
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| Title |
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| H.H.ZEINELDIN等: "A Protection Coordination Index for Evaluating Distributed Gener", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID》 * |
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