CN109628163A - 一种醚基燃料 - Google Patents
一种醚基燃料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种醚基燃料,属于燃料技术领域。本发明以六水合硝酸铈、硝酸铜等为原料,得到催化活性剂,使得醚基燃料的转化率得到提高;以丙烯酸与异辛醇等为原料,得到中间体,再加入氢氧化钠和异辛醇进行酯交换反应,最后加入甲醇和甲醇钠,得到烷基酯类燃烧推进剂,其具有环保意义,不会增加发动机的磨损,不损坏尾气催化转化器,而且加水后也不发生相分离,使得燃烧得到推进,增加了燃烧效率;以苯甲醛、氢氧化钠为原料合成中间体后,再与甲醛和苯胺化合物反应生成抗暴稳定剂,达到消除燃料爆震燃烧的目的,使得燃料在燃烧过程中具有稳定的燃烧性能,增强了燃料的安全性能。本发明解决了目前醚基燃料抗爆性差、燃烧完成性不高的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料领域,特别涉及一种醚基燃料。
背景技术
能源枯竭和环境污染是世界面临的严重问题。随着世界汽车保有量的迅速增长,世界范围内石油系燃料的供需矛盾日益突出,汽车发动机消耗石油总量巨大,废气排放成为当今大气污染的主要来源之一。从资源、环境、经济等方面考虑,目前已使用的燃料中,低碳醇汽油,醚基复合汽油等汽油虽然氧化硫,氧化氮,一氧化碳等尾气排放量大幅度降低,但是具有抗爆性一般、燃烧完成性不高,所以急需研发一种醚基燃料,来满足人们的需求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对目前醚基燃料抗爆性差、燃烧完成性不高的问题,提供一种醚基燃料。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
一种醚基燃料,按重量份数计包括如下组分,包括40~70份醚基燃料基料、30~50份汽油,还包括3~7份催化活性剂、6~9份燃烧推进剂、3~6份抗爆稳定剂、1~3份缓蚀剂;
所述催化活性剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按质量份数计,取7~9份六水合硝酸铈、3~6份硝酸铜、3~6份硝酸镁、80~90份蒸馏水搅拌混合,调节pH至9~10,得混合物,取混合物按质量比10~20:4~9加入氧化镁,升温至95~100℃搅拌混合,静置,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物保温,冷却至室温,粉碎过60目筛,收集过筛颗粒,即得催化活性剂。
所述干燥物的保温条件为:于500~550℃保温4~6h。
所述燃烧推进剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量份数计,取1~3份对苯二酚、8~15份甲基丙烯酸、1~3份对甲苯磺酸、70~90份甲苯、15~20份异辛醇,升温至80~95℃搅拌混合,减压蒸馏,经无水硫酸钠干燥,得干燥物;
(2)取干燥物按质量比30~50:8~13:40~60加入异辛醇,升温至120~150℃搅拌混合,静置,取上层液旋转蒸发,得旋转蒸发物,取甲醇按质量比3~6:2~4加入甲醇钠搅拌混合,再加入甲醇质量1~3倍的旋转蒸发物和甲醇质量3~6%的对苯二酚,于65~70℃搅拌混合,减压蒸馏,即得燃烧推进剂。
所述抗爆稳定剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.取丙酮按质量比8~10:1~3加入氢氧化钠溶液,再加入丙酮质量3~6%的苯甲醛,于25~30℃搅拌混合,调节pH至7~7.2,得混合物,取混合物按质量比7~10:3~5加入氯化钠,静置,取下层液减压蒸馏,得减压蒸馏物;
S2.取苯胺按质量比1~3:10~15加入无水乙醇,再加入苯胺质量1~3倍的质量分数为35%的氯化氢无水乙醇溶液,于0~4℃搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物,取搅拌混合物按质量比10~20:7~9:0.3~0.5加入甲醛溶液、减压蒸馏物,搅拌混合,静置,过滤,取滤渣经无水乙醇洗涤,得洗涤物,取洗涤物按质量比1~3:8~10加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7~8,抽滤,取抽滤渣,即得抗爆稳定剂。
所述缓蚀剂:取苯并三唑、苯胺、咪唑啉按质量比3~7:1~3:1~3混合即得。
所述醚基燃料基料:取聚甲氧基二甲醚按质量比2~5:1~3加入甲醇混合,即得。
所述汽油为:92号、95号汽油按质量比2~5:1~4混合,即得。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明以六水合硝酸铈、硝酸铜等为原料,加入氨水,再经氧化镁负载,得到催化活性剂,其中铈元素能够抑制催化剂活性组分晶粒的聚集变大,可以使得催化剂表面的活性组分更加分散,Ce有利于低碳醇碳链增长,C2+醇的选择性得到提高,并且在一定程度上改善催化剂还原性能,且MgO作为碱性载体,具有较大的比表面积、较好的热稳定性等特点,对一氧化碳进行催化氧化的效率得到提高,适量Ce的添加不仅能有效抑制焙烧阶段CuO的聚合,从而抑制CuO晶粒的生长,提高铜离子组分的分散度,更有利于催化剂的表面吸附更多的CO,此外Ce与Cu 间的强相互作用不仅有助于CO的非解离脱附,提高化剂表面CO的浓度,而且能够促进CO在高温条件下的解离,不仅促进了CHx的生成,而且有助于CO插入到CHx中,从而提高了反应的催化性能和醇选择性,使得醚基燃料的转化率得到提高;
(2)本发明以丙烯酸与异辛醇等为原料,进行酯化反应,得到中间体,再加入氢氧化钠和异辛醇进行酯交换反应, 最后加入甲醇和甲醇钠,得到烷基酯类燃烧推进剂,其可以提高燃料的辛烷值,其为含氧化合物添加到醚基燃料中,着火速度快,燃烧后污染程度较轻,其中所含氧原子也可参与燃烧,改善燃烧过程,降低未燃烧HC排放量,同时其具有环保意义,不会增加发动机的磨损,不损坏尾气催化转化器,而且加水后也不发生相分离,使得燃烧得到推进,增加了燃烧效率;
(3)本发明以以苯甲醛、氢氧化钠为原料合成中间体后,再与甲醛和苯胺化合物反应生成抗暴稳定剂,其通过抑制燃烧反应自动加速,将汽油的燃烧速度限制在正
常范围之内,在火焰前锋到达之前,抑制燃料自燃,使未燃混合气体的自燃诱导期延长,或使火焰的传播速度增加,达到消除燃料爆震燃烧的目的,使得燃料在燃烧过程中具有稳定的燃烧性能,增强了燃料的安全性能。
具体实施方式
催化活性剂:按质量份数计,取7~9份六水合硝酸铈、3~6份硝酸铜、3~6份硝酸镁、80~90份蒸馏水,搅拌混合30~50min,用浓度为10%的氨水调节pH至9~10,得混合物,取混合物按质量比10~20:4~9加入氧化镁,升温至95~100℃搅拌混合4~6h,静置2~4h,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物于500~550℃保温4~6h,冷却至室温,粉碎过60目筛,收集过筛颗粒,即得催化活性剂。
燃烧推进剂:
(1)按质量份数计,取1~3份对苯二酚、8~15份甲基丙烯酸、1~3份对甲苯磺酸、70~90份甲苯、15~20份异辛醇,升温至80~95℃搅拌混合1~3h,减压蒸馏,经无水硫酸钠干燥,得干燥物;
(2)取干燥物按质量比30~50:8~13:40~60加入异辛醇,升温至120~150℃搅拌混合4~6h,静置20~30min,取上层液旋转蒸发,得旋转蒸发物,取甲醇按质量比3~6:2~4加入甲醇钠,搅拌混合20~30min,再加入甲醇质量1~3倍的旋转蒸发物和甲醇质量3~6%的对苯二酚,于65~70℃搅拌混合3~5h,减压蒸馏,即得燃烧推进剂。
抗爆稳定剂:
S1.取丙酮按质量比8~10:1~3加入质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液,再加入丙酮质量3~6%的苯甲醛,于25~30℃搅拌混合30~60min,调节pH至7~7.2,得混合物,取混合物按质量比7~10:3~5加入氯化钠,静置20~30min,取下层液减压蒸馏,得减压蒸馏物;
S2.取苯胺按质量比1~3:10~15加入无水乙醇,再加入苯胺质量1~3倍的质量分数为35%的氯化氢无水乙醇溶液,于0~4℃搅拌混合30~50min,得搅拌混合物,取搅拌混合物按质量比10~20:7~9:0.3~0.5加入质量分数为37%的甲醛溶液、减压蒸馏物,搅拌混合6~10min,静置10~12h,过滤,取滤渣经无水乙醇洗涤,得洗涤物,取洗涤物按质量比1~3:8~10加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7~8,抽滤,取抽滤渣,即得抗爆稳定剂。
醚基燃料基料:取聚甲氧基二甲醚按质量比2~5:1~3加入甲醇混合,即得。
汽油:92号、95号汽油按质量比2~5:1~4混合,即得。
缓蚀剂:取苯并三唑、苯胺、咪唑啉按质量比3~7:1~3:1~3混合即得。
一种醚基燃料,按质量份数计,包括40~70份醚基燃料基料、3~7份催化活性剂、6~9份燃烧推进剂、3~6份抗爆稳定剂、1~3份缓蚀剂、30~50份汽油,搅拌混合1~3h,即得醚基燃料。
催化活性剂:按质量份数计,取7份六水合硝酸铈、3份硝酸铜、3份硝酸镁、80份蒸馏水,搅拌混合30min,用浓度为10%的氨水调节pH至9,得混合物,取混合物按质量比10:4加入氧化镁,升温至95℃搅拌混合4h,静置2h,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物于500℃保温4h,冷却至室温,粉碎过60目筛,收集过筛颗粒,即得催化活性剂。
燃烧推进剂:
(1)按质量份数计,取1份对苯二酚、8份甲基丙烯酸、1份对甲苯磺酸、70份甲苯、15份异辛醇,升温至80℃搅拌混合1h,减压蒸馏,经无水硫酸钠干燥,得干燥物;
(2)取干燥物按质量比30:8:40加入异辛醇,升温至120℃搅拌混合4h,静置20min,取上层液旋转蒸发,得旋转蒸发物,取甲醇按质量比3:2加入甲醇钠,搅拌混合20min,再加入甲醇质量1倍的旋转蒸发物和甲醇质量3%的对苯二酚,于65℃搅拌混合3h,减压蒸馏,即得燃烧推进剂。
抗爆稳定剂:
S1.取丙酮按质量比8:1加入质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液,再加入丙酮质量3%的苯甲醛,于25℃搅拌混合30min,调节pH至7,得混合物,取混合物按质量比7:3加入氯化钠,静置20min,取下层液减压蒸馏,得减压蒸馏物;
S2.取苯胺按质量比1:10加入无水乙醇,再加入苯胺质量1倍的质量分数为35%的氯化氢无水乙醇溶液,于0℃搅拌混合30min,得搅拌混合物,取搅拌混合物按质量比10:7:0.3加入质量分数为37%的甲醛溶液、减压蒸馏物,搅拌混合6min,静置10h,过滤,取滤渣经无水乙醇洗涤,得洗涤物,取洗涤物按质量比1:8加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7,抽滤,取抽滤渣,即得抗爆稳定剂。
醚基燃料基料:取聚甲氧基二甲醚按质量比2:1加入甲醇混合,即得。
汽油:92号、95号汽油按质量比2:1混合,即得。
缓蚀剂:取苯并三唑、苯胺、咪唑啉按质量比3:1:1混合即得。
一种醚基燃料,按质量份数计,包括40份醚基燃料基料、3份催化活性剂、6份燃烧推进剂、3份抗爆稳定剂、1份缓蚀剂、30份汽油,搅拌混合1h,即得醚基燃料。
催化活性剂:按质量份数计,取9份六水合硝酸铈、6份硝酸铜、6份硝酸镁、90份蒸馏水,搅拌混合50min,用浓度为10%的氨水调节pH至10,得混合物,取混合物按质量比20:9加入氧化镁,升温至100℃搅拌混合6h,静置4h,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物于550℃保温6h,冷却至室温,粉碎过60目筛,收集过筛颗粒,即得催化活性剂。
燃烧推进剂:
(1)按质量份数计,取3份对苯二酚、15份甲基丙烯酸、3份对甲苯磺酸、90份甲苯、20份异辛醇,升温至95℃搅拌混合3h,减压蒸馏,经无水硫酸钠干燥,得干燥物;
(2)取干燥物按质量比50:13:60加入异辛醇,升温至150℃搅拌混合6h,静置30min,取上层液旋转蒸发,得旋转蒸发物,取甲醇按质量比6:4加入甲醇钠,搅拌混合30min,再加入甲醇质量3倍的旋转蒸发物和甲醇质量6%的对苯二酚,于70℃搅拌混合5h,减压蒸馏,即得燃烧推进剂。
抗爆稳定剂:S1.取丙酮按质量比10:3加入质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液,再加入丙酮质量6%的苯甲醛,于30℃搅拌混合60min,调节pH至7.2,得混合物,取混合物按质量比10:5加入氯化钠,静置30min,取下层液减压蒸馏,得减压蒸馏物;
S2.取苯胺按质量比3:15加入无水乙醇,再加入苯胺质量3倍的质量分数为35%的氯化氢无水乙醇溶液,于4℃搅拌混合50min,得搅拌混合物,取搅拌混合物按质量比20:9:0.5加入质量分数为37%的甲醛溶液、减压蒸馏物,搅拌混合10min,静置12h,过滤,取滤渣经无水乙醇洗涤,得洗涤物,取洗涤物按质量比3:10加入无水乙醇,调节pH至8,抽滤,取抽滤渣,即得抗爆稳定剂。
醚基燃料基料:取聚甲氧基二甲醚按质量比5:3加入甲醇混合,即得。
汽油:92号、95号汽油按质量比5:4混合,即得。
缓蚀剂:取苯并三唑、苯胺、咪唑啉按质量比7:3:3混合即得。
一种醚基燃料,按质量份数计,包括70份醚基燃料基料、7份催化活性剂、9份燃烧推进剂、6份抗爆稳定剂、3份缓蚀剂、50份汽油,搅拌混合3h,即得醚基燃料。
催化活性剂:按质量份数计,取8份六水合硝酸铈、4份硝酸铜、5份硝酸镁、85份蒸馏水,搅拌混合40min,用浓度为10%的氨水调节pH至9.5,得混合物,取混合物按质量比15:6加入氧化镁,升温至97℃搅拌混合5h,静置3h,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物于520℃保温5h,冷却至室温,粉碎过60目筛,收集过筛颗粒,即得催化活性剂。
燃烧推进剂:
(1)按质量份数计,取2份对苯二酚、11份甲基丙烯酸、2份对甲苯磺酸、80份甲苯、17份异辛醇,升温至89℃搅拌混合2h,减压蒸馏,经无水硫酸钠干燥,得干燥物;
(2)取干燥物按质量比40:11:45加入异辛醇,升温至130℃搅拌混合5h,静置25min,取上层液旋转蒸发,得旋转蒸发物,取甲醇按质量比4:3加入甲醇钠,搅拌混合25min,再加入甲醇质量2倍的旋转蒸发物和甲醇质量4%的对苯二酚,于68℃搅拌混合4h,减压蒸馏,即得燃烧推进剂。
抗爆稳定剂:
S1.取丙酮按质量比9:2加入质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液,再加入丙酮质量4%的苯甲醛,于28℃搅拌混合40min,调节pH至7.1,得混合物,取混合物按质量比8:4加入氯化钠,静置25min,取下层液减压蒸馏,得减压蒸馏物;
S2.取苯胺按质量比2:11加入无水乙醇,再加入苯胺质量2倍的质量分数为35%的氯化氢无水乙醇溶液,于3℃搅拌混合40min,得搅拌混合物,取搅拌混合物按质量比15:8:0.4加入质量分数为37%的甲醛溶液、减压蒸馏物,搅拌混合8min,静置11h,过滤,取滤渣经无水乙醇洗涤,得洗涤物,取洗涤物按质量比2:9加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7.5,抽滤,取抽滤渣,即得抗爆稳定剂。
醚基燃料基料:取聚甲氧基二甲醚按质量比3:2加入甲醇混合,即得。
汽油:92号、95号汽油按质量比3:2混合,即得。
缓蚀剂:取苯并三唑、苯胺、咪唑啉按质量比4:2:2混合即得。
一种醚基燃料,按质量份数计,包括50份醚基燃料基料、5份催化活性剂、7份燃烧推进剂、5份抗爆稳定剂、2份缓蚀剂、40份汽油,搅拌混合2h,即得醚基燃料。
对比例1:与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少催化活性剂。
对比例2:与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少燃烧推进剂。
对比例3:与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少抗爆稳定剂。
对比例4:与实施例2的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少缓蚀剂。
对比例5:金乡县某公司生产的醚基燃料。
将上述实施例与对比例的醚基燃料分别进行检测,得到的结果如表1所示,诱导期越长,实际胶质越低,说明抗爆性越好,辛烷值越高说明燃烧性越好。
表1:
检测项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 | 对比例5 |
实际胶质(mg/100ml) | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.35 | 2.4 | 2.42 | 2.36 | 3.1 |
诱导期/min | 610 | 630 | 620 | 580 | 590 | 600 | 570 | 550 |
辛烷值 | 92.3 | 92.5 | 91.8 | 90.8 | 91.4 | 89.9 | 89.1 | 88 |
综合上述,本发明的醚基燃料诱导期长和实际胶质的含量低,辛烷值高,保证了醚基燃料的品质,值得推广使用。
Claims (7)
1.一种醚基燃料,按重量份数计包括如下组分,包括40~70份醚基燃料基料、30~50份汽油,其特征在于,还包括3~7份催化活性剂、6~9份燃烧推进剂、3~6份抗爆稳定剂、1~3份缓蚀剂;
所述催化活性剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按质量份数计,取7~9份六水合硝酸铈、3~6份硝酸铜、3~6份硝酸镁、80~90份蒸馏水搅拌混合,调节pH至9~10,得混合物,取混合物按质量比10~20:4~9加入氧化镁,升温至95~100℃搅拌混合,静置,抽滤,取抽滤渣干燥,得干燥物,取干燥物保温,冷却至室温,粉碎过60目筛,收集过筛颗粒,即得催化活性剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的醚基燃料,其特征在于,所述干燥物的保温条件为:于500~550℃保温4~6h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的醚基燃料,其特征在于,所述燃烧推进剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量份数计,取1~3份对苯二酚、8~15份甲基丙烯酸、1~3份对甲苯磺酸、70~90份甲苯、15~20份异辛醇,升温至80~95℃搅拌混合,减压蒸馏,经无水硫酸钠干燥,得干燥物;
(2)取干燥物按质量比30~50:8~13:40~60加入异辛醇,升温至120~150℃搅拌混合,静置,取上层液旋转蒸发,得旋转蒸发物,取甲醇按质量比3~6:2~4加入甲醇钠搅拌混合,再加入甲醇质量1~3倍的旋转蒸发物和甲醇质量3~6%的对苯二酚,于65~70℃搅拌混合,减压蒸馏,即得燃烧推进剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的醚基燃料,其特征在于,所述抗爆稳定剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.取丙酮按质量比8~10:1~3加入氢氧化钠溶液,再加入丙酮质量3~6%的苯甲醛,于25~30℃搅拌混合,调节pH至7~7.2,得混合物,取混合物按质量比7~10:3~5加入氯化钠,静置,取下层液减压蒸馏,得减压蒸馏物;
S2.取苯胺按质量比1~3:10~15加入无水乙醇,再加入苯胺质量1~3倍的质量分数为35%的氯化氢无水乙醇溶液,于0~4℃搅拌混合,得搅拌混合物,取搅拌混合物按质量比10~20:7~9:0.3~0.5加入甲醛溶液、减压蒸馏物,搅拌混合,静置,过滤,取滤渣经无水乙醇洗涤,得洗涤物,取洗涤物按质量比1~3:8~10加入无水乙醇,调节pH至7~8,抽滤,取抽滤渣,即得抗爆稳定剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的醚基燃料,其特征在于,所述缓蚀剂:取苯并三唑、苯胺、咪唑啉按质量比3~7:1~3:1~3混合即得。
6.根据权利要求1所述的醚基燃料,其特征在于,所述醚基燃料基料:取聚甲氧基二甲醚按质量比2~5:1~3加入甲醇混合,即得。
7.根据权利要求1所述的醚基燃料,其特征在于,所述汽油为:92号、95号汽油按质量比2~5:1~4混合,即得。
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