CN109623452B - Clamping and positioning method and clamping and positioning tool for special-shaped cross beam - Google Patents
Clamping and positioning method and clamping and positioning tool for special-shaped cross beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN109623452B CN109623452B CN201811404327.XA CN201811404327A CN109623452B CN 109623452 B CN109623452 B CN 109623452B CN 201811404327 A CN201811404327 A CN 201811404327A CN 109623452 B CN109623452 B CN 109623452B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
- B23Q3/082—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of machining process equipment and discloses a clamping and positioning method and a clamping and positioning tool for a special-shaped cross beam. The clamping and positioning method comprises the steps of setting a clamping and positioning tool, setting a hydraulic system, adjusting the clamping and positioning tool, setting a hoisting space of the cross beam, hoisting and positioning the cross beam and clamping the cross beam. The clamping and positioning tool comprises a bottom plate and a main base arranged on the upper plane of the left end and the upper plane of the right end of the bottom plate respectively, wherein a front side positioning element for positioning the front side of a cross beam and a bottom end surface positioning element for positioning the bottom end surface of the cross beam are arranged on the upper plane of the front portion of the main base respectively, a main moving frame capable of moving in the front-back direction is arranged at the rear portion of the main base, and a lateral jacking element for jacking the rear side of the cross beam and a vertical pressing element for pressing the upper end surface of the cross beam are arranged on the main moving frame respectively. The invention improves the convenience and stability of the beam clamping and positioning operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining process equipment, in particular to a clamping and positioning method and a clamping and positioning tool for a special-shaped cross beam.
Background
The cross beam is a mechanical part widely used in mechanical equipment, is mainly used for mounting carriers of other parts in the mechanical equipment, needs to bear larger load, and has higher precision requirement. When the cross beam is machined, the cross beam needs to be clamped and fixed, and the conventional clamping and fixing method adopts a cushion block and a pressing plate, wherein the lower part of the cross beam is leaned against the cushion block, and the upper part of the cross beam is pressed and fixed by the pressing plate. For the cross beam with high precision requirement, a numerical control machine or a machining center is generally used for machining the cross beam.
However, the above-mentioned method for clamping and fixing the cross beam is mainly applicable to the cross beam with the conventional structure, and for the cross beam with the special-shaped cross section, such as the large cross beam in a certain textile machinery device shown in fig. 5, the cross section of the cross beam is special-shaped (the front side surface of the cross beam is a plane, and a special-shaped surface is formed between the upper end surface of the cross beam, the lower end surface of the cross beam and the rear side surface of the cross beam), according to the process requirements, the cross beam needs to be horizontally placed during processing, and the front side surface of the cross beam needs to be vertically positioned and then clamped and fixed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a clamping and positioning method and a clamping and positioning tool for a special-shaped cross beam, and aims to improve the convenience and stability of the clamping and positioning operation of the cross beam and further improve the efficiency and quality of machining the cross beam. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a clamping and positioning method for a special-shaped cross beam comprises the following steps:
(1) the clamping and positioning tool is arranged in a way that a main base is respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of a bottom plate, a plurality of auxiliary bases are arranged between the main bases, a main moving frame and an auxiliary moving frame are respectively arranged on the main base and the auxiliary bases, a front side positioning element and a bottom end positioning element for positioning a cross beam are arranged on the main base, a lateral jacking element and a vertical pressing element are arranged on the main moving frame, a floating supporting oil cylinder for assisting in supporting the bottom end surface of the cross beam is arranged on the auxiliary bases, and an auxiliary lateral jacking element and a vertical pressing element are arranged on the auxiliary moving frame; the front side surface positioning element and the bottom end surface positioning element comprise steel ball positioning screws, the lateral jacking element and the vertical pressing element are hydraulic cylinders, and the auxiliary lateral jacking element is a floating support oil cylinder;
(2) setting a hydraulic system: connecting the hydraulic cylinders and the floating support oil cylinders with a hydraulic system, and setting the starting pressure and the starting sequence of each hydraulic cylinder and each floating support oil cylinder;
(3) adjusting the clamping and positioning tool: adjusting the distance between the main base and the auxiliary base according to the length of the cross beam;
(4) the hoisting space of the beam is set: before the beam is clamped and positioned, the main movable frame and the auxiliary movable frame are moved backwards to make room for the upper space for hoisting the beam;
(5) hoisting and positioning the beam: hoisting the cross beam to enable the bottom end face of the cross beam to lean against the bottom end face positioning element and the front side face of the cross beam to lean against the front side face positioning element;
(6) clamping the cross beam: the main movable frame and the auxiliary movable frame move forwards in place, the hydraulic system acts to drive the lateral pressing element to tightly press the rear side face of the cross beam, drive the vertical pressing element to tightly press the upper end face of the cross beam and enable the floating support oil cylinder to tightly press the beam body of the cross beam and lock the beam body sequentially.
As a further improvement of the clamping and positioning method, the setting of the clamping and positioning tool in the step (1) further comprises the following steps:
meanwhile, in the step (5), the hoisting and positioning process of the beam further comprises the step of enabling a reference block on the beam to be flat against the end part of the positioning stud when the beam is hoisted; and (5) in the clamping process of the cross beam in the step (6), the end surface of the inner side of the end flange of the cross beam is propped and locked by a floating support oil cylinder.
The clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam in the clamping and positioning method has the following specific structure:
the utility model provides a clamping location frock of dysmorphism crossbeam, includes the bottom plate, sets up respectively main base on plane and the right-hand member upper flat surface on the bottom plate left end, be provided with the leading flank locating element who is used for fixing a position the crossbeam leading flank, the bottom face locating element who is used for fixing a position crossbeam bottom face on the preceding plane of main base respectively, the rear portion of main base is provided with the main removal frame that can the fore-and-aft direction remove, be provided with the side direction top tight component that is used for pushing up tight crossbeam trailing flank, the vertical compressing element that is used for compressing tightly the crossbeam up end on the main removal frame respectively, the main removal frame targets in place in order to form before crossbeam hoist and mount location the top space of crossbeam hoist and mount location, the main removal frame accomplishes the preceding removal in place in order to realize right the side direction top tight and the vertical compression of.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up preceding side positioning element, bottom face positioning element and main removal frame on the main base, set up side direction top tight component and vertical compressing tightly component on main removal frame, make the dysmorphism crossbeam obtain reliable location on the one hand, on the other hand because main removal frame can the back-and-forth movement to can make things convenient for crossbeam hoist and mount location, and improve the security of crossbeam hoist and mount.
As a further improvement of the invention, a plurality of auxiliary bases distributed at intervals are further arranged on the bottom plate between the two main bases, floating support oil cylinders for assisting the bottom end face of the support beam are respectively arranged on the upper plane of the front part of each auxiliary base, an auxiliary moving frame capable of moving in the front-back direction is arranged at the rear part of each auxiliary base, auxiliary side top elements for assisting the tight pushing of the rear side face of the beam and vertical pressing elements for assisting the tight pressing of the upper end face of the beam are respectively arranged on each auxiliary moving frame, and each auxiliary side top element is a floating support oil cylinder.
Similarly, the auxiliary moving frame moves forward and backward to form an upper space of the beam hoisting and positioning frame, and the auxiliary moving frame moves forward to achieve the aim of supporting the beam in the auxiliary lateral direction and pressing the beam in the auxiliary vertical direction after the beam hoisting and positioning frame completes the beam hoisting and positioning.
The auxiliary base and the auxiliary moving frame connected to the auxiliary base are arranged between the two main bases, the floating supporting oil cylinder used for supporting the bottom end face of the cross beam in an auxiliary mode is arranged on the auxiliary base, the auxiliary side top element and the vertical pressing element are arranged on the auxiliary moving frame, rigidity of clamping and positioning of the cross beam is greatly improved, and follow-up efficiency and quality of machining of the cross beam are improved.
As a preferred scheme, the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam further comprises an axial positioning device and an axial clamping device, wherein the axial positioning device comprises a positioning stud arranged on the main base and parallel to the axial direction of the cross beam and a reference block connected to the cross beam, and the reference block is close to and flat against the end part of the positioning stud; the axial clamping device is a floating support oil cylinder which is arranged on the main base and used for floating and tightly propping the end surface of the inner side of the flange at the end part of the beam.
By arranging the axial positioning device and the axial clamping device, the axial positioning precision of the beam is improved, and the rigidity of the beam in the axis direction after clamping and positioning is improved, so that the high-power transverse milling during the milling of the front side surface of the beam is facilitated, and the efficiency and the quality of the mechanical processing are further improved.
In the invention, the reference block is pre-installed on the rear side lug of the special-shaped cross beam before the cross beam is hoisted.
In the invention, the front side positioning element comprises an upright post connected to the bottom plate, and a steel ball positioning screw rod with the front end pointing to the rear direction is arranged on the upright post.
In the invention, the bottom end face positioning element comprises a steel ball positioning screw rod which is arranged on the front upper plane of the main base and the front end of which points upwards.
The front ends of the steel ball positioning screws in the front side positioning element and the bottom end positioning element are provided with the steel balls capable of rolling, so that the cross beam can easily shift when the position of the cross beam is adjusted in the hoisting, positioning and clamping processes, and the contact part of the cross beam and the steel balls cannot be scratched.
According to the invention, the vertical pressing element is a hydraulic cylinder, the lateral propping element is a hydraulic cylinder, a pressing block capable of swinging up and down is connected to a pressing head at the front end of the hydraulic cylinder of the lateral propping element through a hinge shaft, and a pressing surface for propping the rear side surface of the cross beam is arranged on the pressing block.
In the invention, the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame respectively realize front and back movement through the linear actuating element.
Preferably, the linear actuator is one of an oil cylinder, an air cylinder and an electric push rod.
As a further improvement of the invention, the main base and the auxiliary base are movably arranged on the bottom plate to realize the mutual distance adjustment of the main base and the auxiliary base.
Specifically, can set up many fender bolt holes on the bottom plate, realize the interval change between main base, the vice base each other in the bolt hole of different positions with main base, vice base installation.
For positioning convenience, a guide rail or other guide element may be provided on the base plate so that the main base, the sub base, moves linearly along the guide rail or the guide element.
Through the movable arrangement of the main base and the auxiliary base, the clamping and positioning of the cross beams with different lengths and specifications can be realized, and the universality of the clamping and positioning tool is improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, the upper parts of the main movable frame and the auxiliary movable frame are respectively provided with a second clamping station for clamping the cross beam when the small-size cross beam is machined. Corresponding positioning elements and pressing elements can also be arranged on the second clamping station.
The beam second clamping stations are arranged on the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame, so that the structures of the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame can be fully utilized, on one hand, the application range of a clamping and positioning tool is expanded, the tool cost is reduced, on the other hand, the clamping and positioning of the small-specification beam on the second clamping station can be synchronously operated during the machining of the large beam, and the large beam and the small-specification beam can be alternately machined during machining, so that the total clamping and positioning time of parts on a machine tool is shortened, the utilization rate of a large numerical control machine or a large machining center is improved, and the machining cost is further reduced.
The floating support oil cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the hydraulic system so as to realize linkage clamping during clamping and positioning.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, according to the clamping and positioning method and the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam, the front side surface positioning element, the bottom end surface positioning element and the main moving frame are arranged on the main base, and the lateral jacking element and the vertical pressing element are arranged on the main moving frame, so that the special-shaped cross beam is reliably positioned, and the main moving frame can move back and forth, so that the cross beam can be conveniently hoisted and positioned, and the hoisting safety of the cross beam is improved.
Secondly, according to the clamping and positioning method and the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam, the auxiliary base and the auxiliary moving frame connected to the auxiliary base are arranged between the two main bases, the floating support oil cylinder for supporting the bottom end face of the cross beam in an auxiliary mode is arranged on the auxiliary base, and the auxiliary side top element and the vertical pressing element are arranged on the auxiliary moving frame, so that the rigidity of clamping and positioning of the cross beam is greatly improved, and the efficiency and the quality of subsequent cross beam machining are improved.
Thirdly, according to the clamping and positioning method and the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam, the axial positioning precision of the cross beam is improved by arranging the axial positioning device and the axial clamping device, and the rigidity of the cross beam in the axial direction after clamping and positioning is improved, so that the high-power transverse milling during the milling of the front side surface of the cross beam is facilitated, and the efficiency and the quality of the mechanical processing are further improved.
Fourthly, according to the clamping and positioning method and the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam, the front ends of the steel ball positioning screws in the front side positioning element and the bottom end positioning element are provided with the steel balls capable of rolling, so that when the cross beam has an adjusting position in the hoisting, positioning and clamping processes, the cross beam can easily shift, and the contact part of the cross beam and the steel balls cannot be scratched.
Fifth, the clamping and positioning method and the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam can realize clamping and positioning of cross beams with different lengths and specifications by movably arranging the main base and the auxiliary base, so that the universality of the clamping and positioning tool is improved.
Sixth, according to the clamping and positioning method and the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam, the second clamping stations for the cross beam are arranged on the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame, so that the structure of the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame can be fully utilized, on one hand, the application range of the clamping and positioning tool is expanded, the tool cost is reduced, on the other hand, the clamping and positioning of the small-size cross beam on the second clamping station can be synchronously operated during the mechanical machining of the large cross beam, and the large cross beam and the small-size cross beam can be alternately machined during the machining, so that the total clamping and positioning time of parts on a machine tool is shortened, the utilization rate of a large numerical control machine tool or a large machining center is improved, and the machining cost is.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a clamping and positioning tool for a special-shaped cross beam, disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of the right end portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of FIG. 1 from the back;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of clamping and positioning a special-shaped cross beam by using the clamping and positioning tool of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the profiled cross beam.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a cross beam, 2, a bottom plate, 3, a main base, 4, a cross beam front side face, 5, a front side face positioning element, 6, a cross beam bottom end face, 7, a bottom end face positioning element, 8, a main moving frame, 9, a cross beam rear side face, 10, a lateral jacking element, 11, a cross beam upper end face, 12, a vertical pressing element, 13, an auxiliary base, 14, a floating support oil cylinder, 15, an auxiliary moving frame, 16, an axial positioning device, 17, an axial clamping device, 18, a positioning stud, 19, a reference block, 20, a cross beam end flange, 21, a cross beam end flange inner side end face, 22, an upright post, 23, a steel ball positioning screw rod, 24, a hinge shaft, 25, a pressing block, 26, a linear actuating element, 27, a second clamping station, 28, an auxiliary lateral jacking element, 29, a small-size cross beam, 30 and a rear side face lug of.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1:
fig. 1 to 5 show an embodiment of a clamping and positioning method for a special-shaped cross beam, which includes the following steps:
(1) the clamping and positioning tool is arranged in a way that a main base 3 is respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of a bottom plate 2, a plurality of auxiliary bases 13 are arranged between the main bases 3, a main moving frame 8 and an auxiliary moving frame 15 are respectively arranged on the main base 3 and the auxiliary bases 13, a front side positioning element 5 and a bottom end surface positioning element 7 for positioning a cross beam are arranged on the main base 3, a lateral jacking element 10 and a vertical pressing element 12 are arranged on the main moving frame 8, a floating support oil cylinder 14 for assisting in supporting the bottom end surface 6 of the cross beam is arranged on the auxiliary base 13, and an auxiliary lateral jacking element 28 and a vertical pressing element 12 are arranged on the auxiliary moving frame 15; the front side surface positioning element 5 and the bottom end surface positioning element 7 comprise steel ball positioning screws 23, the lateral jacking element 10 and the vertical pressing element 12 are hydraulic cylinders, and the auxiliary lateral jacking element 28 is a floating support oil cylinder;
(2) setting a hydraulic system: connecting the hydraulic cylinders and the floating support oil cylinders with a hydraulic system, and setting the starting pressure and the starting sequence of each hydraulic cylinder and each floating support oil cylinder;
(3) adjusting the clamping and positioning tool: adjusting the distance between the main base 3 and the auxiliary base 13 according to the length of the cross beam 1;
(4) the hoisting space of the beam is set: before the beam 1 is clamped and positioned, the main moving frame 8 and the auxiliary moving frame 15 are moved backwards to make room for the upper space for hoisting the beam 1;
(5) hoisting and positioning the beam: hoisting the crossbeam 1 so that the bottom end face 6 of the crossbeam 1 rests on the bottom end face positioning element 7 and the front side 4 of the crossbeam rests on the front side positioning element 5;
(6) clamping the cross beam: the main moving frame 8 and the auxiliary moving frame 15 move forwards to a proper position, the hydraulic system acts to drive the lateral pressing element 10 to tightly press the rear side surface 9 of the cross beam, drive the vertical pressing element 12 to tightly press the upper end surface 11 of the cross beam, and enable the floating support oil cylinder to tightly press the beam body of the cross beam 1 and lock the beam body in sequence.
As a further improvement of the clamping and positioning method, the setting of the clamping and positioning tool in the step (1) further comprises the following steps:
meanwhile, in the step (5), the hoisting and positioning process of the beam 1 further comprises the step of enabling the reference block 19 on the beam 1 to be flatly close to the end part of the positioning stud 18 when the beam 1 is hoisted; and (6) in the clamping process of the beam 1, the inner side end face 21 of the beam end flange 20 is propped and locked by a floating support oil cylinder.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1 to 5, an embodiment of the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam of the invention is shown, which comprises a bottom plate 2, a main base 3 respectively arranged on the upper plane of the left end and the upper plane of the right end of the bottom plate 2, the front upper plane of the main base 3 is respectively provided with a front side positioning element 5 for positioning the front side 4 of the beam and a bottom end surface positioning element 7 for positioning the bottom end surface 6 of the beam, the rear part of the main base 3 is provided with a main moving frame 8 which can move in the front-back direction, the main moving frame 8 is respectively provided with a lateral jacking element 10 for jacking the rear side surface 9 of the cross beam and a vertical pressing element 12 for pressing the upper end surface 11 of the cross beam, the main moving frame 8 moves to the position before and after the beam 1 is hoisted and positioned to form an upper space for hoisting and positioning the beam 1, and the main moving frame 8 moves in place to realize lateral jacking and vertical compression of the beam 1 after the beam 1 is hoisted and positioned.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, through setting up leading flank positioning element 5, bottom end face positioning element 7 and main removal frame 8 on main base 3, set up side direction top tight component 10 and vertical pressure component 12 on main removal frame 8, make special-shaped crossbeam 1 obtain reliable location on the one hand, on the other hand because main removal frame 8 can the back-and-forth movement to can make things convenient for crossbeam 1 hoist and mount location, and improve the security of crossbeam 1 hoist and mount.
As a further improvement of this embodiment, a plurality of sub bases 13 are further disposed on the bottom plate 2 between the two main bases 3, floating support cylinders 14 for assisting in supporting the bottom end surfaces 6 of the cross beams are respectively disposed on the upper planes of the front portions of the sub bases 13, a sub moving frame 15 capable of moving in the front-back direction is disposed at the rear portion of the sub bases 13, an auxiliary side top element 28 for assisting in abutting against the rear side surface 9 of the cross beam and a vertical pressing element 12 for assisting in pressing against the upper end surface 11 of the cross beam are respectively disposed on the sub moving frame 15, and the auxiliary side top element 28 is a floating support cylinder.
Similarly, the auxiliary moving frame 15 moves forward and backward to form the upper space of the hoisting and positioning of the beam 1 before the hoisting and positioning of the beam 1, and the auxiliary moving frame 15 moves forward to achieve the auxiliary lateral jacking and the auxiliary vertical pressing of the beam 1 after the hoisting and positioning of the beam 1 are completed.
Through set up vice base 13 and connect the vice frame 15 that removes on vice base 13 between two main bases 3 to set up the floating support hydro-cylinder 14 that is used for auxiliary stay crossbeam bottom end face 6 on vice base 13, set up supplementary side top element 28 and vertical pressure component 12 on vice frame 15 that removes, improved the rigidity of crossbeam 1 clamping location greatly, thereby be favorable to improving follow-up efficiency and the quality of carrying on crossbeam 1 machining.
As a preferable scheme, the clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam in the embodiment further comprises an axial positioning device 16 and an axial clamping device 17, wherein the axial positioning device 16 comprises a positioning stud 18 which is arranged on the main base 3 and is parallel to the axial direction of the cross beam 1, and a reference block 19 which is connected to the cross beam 1, and the reference block 19 is close to the end of the positioning stud 18; the axial clamping device 17 is a floating support cylinder arranged on the main base 3 and used for floating and tightly propping against the end surface 21 at the inner side of the end flange of the cross beam.
By arranging the axial positioning device 16 and the axial clamping device 17, the axial positioning precision of the cross beam 1 is improved, and the rigidity of the cross beam 1 in the axis direction after clamping and positioning is improved, so that the high-power transverse milling during the milling of the front side surface 4 of the cross beam is facilitated, and the efficiency and the quality of the mechanical processing are further improved.
In this embodiment, the reference block 19 is pre-installed on the back side lug 30 of the special-shaped beam before the beam 1 is hoisted.
In this embodiment, the front side positioning element 5 includes an upright column 22 connected to the bottom plate 2, and a steel ball positioning screw 23 with a front end pointing to the rear is arranged on the upright column 22.
In this embodiment, the bottom end surface positioning element 7 includes a steel ball positioning screw 23 disposed on the front upper plane of the main base 3 and the front end of which points upward.
The front ends of the steel ball positioning screws 23 in the front side positioning element 5 and the bottom end positioning element 7 are provided with the steel balls which can roll, so that the beam 1 can easily shift when the position of the beam 1 is adjusted in the hoisting, positioning and clamping processes, and the contact part of the beam 1 and the steel balls cannot be scratched.
In this embodiment, the vertical pressing element 12 is a hydraulic cylinder, the lateral pressing element 10 is a hydraulic cylinder, a pressing block 25 capable of swinging up and down is connected to a pressing head at the front end of the hydraulic cylinder of the lateral pressing element 10 through a hinge 24, and a pressing surface for pressing against the rear side surface 9 of the cross beam is arranged on the pressing block 25.
In this embodiment, the main moving frame 8 and the sub moving frame 15 are respectively moved forward and backward by a linear actuator 26.
Preferably, the linear actuator 26 is one of a cylinder, a cylinder and an electric push rod.
As a further improvement of the present embodiment, the main base 3 and the sub base 13 are movably disposed on the bottom plate 2 to realize the adjustment of the distance between the main base 3 and the sub base 13.
Specifically, a multi-step bolt hole may be provided in the bottom plate 2, and the main base 3 and the sub base 13 may be installed in the bolt holes at different positions to change the distance between the main base 3 and the sub base 13.
For convenience of positioning, a guide rail or other guide member may be provided on the base plate 2 such that the main base 3 and the sub base 13 linearly move along the guide rail or guide member.
Through the movable arrangement of the main base 3 and the auxiliary base 13, the clamping and positioning of the cross beam 1 with different length specifications can be realized, and the universality of the clamping and positioning tool is improved.
As a further improvement of this embodiment, the upper portions of the main moving frame 8 and the sub moving frame 15 are further provided with second clamping stations 27 for clamping the cross beam when the small-sized cross beam 29 is machined. Corresponding positioning and pressing elements can also be provided at the second clamping station 27.
Through setting up crossbeam second clamping station 27 on main carriage 8, vice carriage 15, can make full use of main carriage 8, vice carriage 15's structure, on the one hand the range of application of clamping location frock has been enlarged, the frock expense has been reduced, on the other hand the clamping location of the little specification crossbeam 29 on second clamping station 27 can be in step operation when big crossbeam 1 machining, big crossbeam 1 can carry out alternative processing with little specification crossbeam 29 during processing, thereby the total clamping positioning time of part on the lathe has been shortened, the utilization ratio of large-scale digit control machine tool or large-scale machining center has been improved, and then the processing cost has been reduced.
In the embodiment, a hydraulic system (shown in the figure) is further arranged, and the floating support oil cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected with the hydraulic system so as to realize linkage clamping during clamping and positioning.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A clamping and positioning method for a special-shaped cross beam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the clamping and positioning tool is arranged in a way that a main base is respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of a bottom plate, a plurality of auxiliary bases are arranged between the main bases, a main moving frame and an auxiliary moving frame are respectively arranged on the main base and the auxiliary bases, a front side positioning element and a bottom end positioning element for positioning a cross beam are arranged on the main base, a lateral jacking element and a vertical pressing element are arranged on the main moving frame, a floating supporting oil cylinder for assisting in supporting the bottom end surface of the cross beam is arranged on the auxiliary bases, and an auxiliary lateral jacking element and a vertical pressing element are arranged on the auxiliary moving frame; the front side surface positioning element and the bottom end surface positioning element comprise steel ball positioning screws, the lateral jacking element and the vertical pressing element are hydraulic cylinders, and the auxiliary lateral jacking element is a floating support oil cylinder; the front end of the steel ball positioning screw is provided with a steel ball which can roll;
(2) setting a hydraulic system: connecting the hydraulic cylinders and the floating support oil cylinders with a hydraulic system, and setting the starting pressure and the starting sequence of each hydraulic cylinder and each floating support oil cylinder;
(3) adjusting the clamping and positioning tool: adjusting the distance between the main base and the auxiliary base according to the length of the cross beam;
(4) the hoisting space of the beam is set: before the beam is clamped and positioned, the main movable frame and the auxiliary movable frame are moved backwards to make room for the upper space for hoisting the beam;
(5) hoisting and positioning the beam: hoisting the cross beam to enable the bottom end face of the cross beam to lean against the bottom end face positioning element and the front side face of the cross beam to lean against the front side face positioning element;
(6) clamping the cross beam: the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame move forwards in place, the hydraulic system acts to drive the lateral propping element to prop against the rear side surface of the cross beam, drive the vertical compacting element to press the upper end surface of the cross beam, and enable the floating support oil cylinder to prop against the beam body of the cross beam and lock;
the setting of the clamping and positioning tool in the step (1) further comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting an axial positioning device: a positioning stud parallel to the axial direction of the cross beam is arranged on the main base, and a reference block is arranged on a rear side lug of the cross beam;
step 2, setting an axial clamping device: a floating support oil cylinder for floating and tightly jacking the end surface of the inner side of the flange at the end part of the cross beam is arranged on the main base;
in the step (5), in the hoisting and positioning process of the beam, the method further comprises the step of enabling a reference block on the beam to be flat against the end part of the positioning stud when the beam is hoisted; and (5) in the clamping process of the cross beam in the step (6), the end surface of the inner side of the end flange of the cross beam is propped and locked by a floating support oil cylinder.
2. A clamping and positioning tool for the special-shaped cross beam by adopting the clamping and positioning method of claim 1, it is characterized by comprising a bottom plate and a main base which is respectively arranged on the upper plane of the left end and the upper plane of the right end of the bottom plate, a front side positioning element for positioning the front side of the cross beam and a bottom end surface positioning element for positioning the bottom end surface of the cross beam are respectively arranged on the upper plane of the front part of the main base, the rear part of the main base is provided with a main moving frame which can move in the front-back direction, the main moving frame is respectively provided with a lateral jacking element for jacking the rear side surface of the cross beam and a vertical pressing element for pressing the upper end surface of the cross beam, the main moving frame moves forward and backward to a position before and after the beam hoisting positioning to form an upper space for the beam hoisting positioning, the main moving frame moves in place forwards after the hoisting and positioning of the cross beam are completed so as to realize the lateral jacking and the vertical pressing of the cross beam; the front side positioning element comprises an upright post connected to the bottom plate, and a steel ball positioning screw rod with the front end pointing to the rear direction is arranged on the upright post; the bottom end face positioning element comprises a steel ball positioning screw rod which is arranged on the front upper plane of the main base and the front end of which points upwards; the front end of the steel ball positioning screw is provided with a steel ball which can roll; the axial positioning device comprises a positioning stud arranged on the main base and parallel to the axial direction of the cross beam and a reference block connected to the cross beam, and the reference block is close to and flat against the end part of the positioning stud; the axial clamping device is a floating support oil cylinder which is arranged on the main base and used for floating and tightly propping the end surface of the inner side of the flange at the end part of the beam.
3. The special-shaped cross beam clamping and positioning tool according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of auxiliary bases are arranged on the bottom plate between the two main bases, the auxiliary bases are distributed at intervals, floating supporting oil cylinders for assisting in supporting the bottom end face of the cross beam are respectively arranged on the upper plane of the front portion of each auxiliary base, an auxiliary moving frame capable of moving in the front-back direction is arranged on the rear portion of each auxiliary base, auxiliary side top elements for assisting in tightly supporting the rear side face of the cross beam and vertical pressing elements for assisting in pressing the upper end face of the cross beam are respectively arranged on each auxiliary moving frame, and each auxiliary side top element is a floating supporting oil cylinder.
4. The special-shaped cross beam clamping and positioning tool according to claim 2, wherein the vertical pressing element is a hydraulic cylinder, the lateral propping element is a hydraulic cylinder, a pressing block capable of swinging up and down is connected to a front end propping head of the hydraulic cylinder of the lateral propping element through a hinge shaft, and a propping surface for propping the rear side surface of the cross beam is arranged on the pressing block.
5. The special-shaped cross beam clamping and positioning tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame respectively move back and forth through linear actuators.
6. The special-shaped cross beam clamping and positioning tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein the main base and the auxiliary base are movably arranged on the bottom plate to adjust the distance between the main base and the auxiliary base.
7. The special-shaped cross beam clamping and positioning tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein second clamping stations for clamping the cross beam during machining of a small-size cross beam are further arranged on the upper portions of the main moving frame and the auxiliary moving frame respectively.
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| CN201811404327.XA CN109623452B (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Clamping and positioning method and clamping and positioning tool for special-shaped cross beam |
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| CN201811404327.XA CN109623452B (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Clamping and positioning method and clamping and positioning tool for special-shaped cross beam |
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| CN109623452B true CN109623452B (en) | 2020-02-28 |
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| CN109623452A (en) | 2019-04-16 |
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