CN109623006B - Method for drilling inclined tube on tube plate - Google Patents
Method for drilling inclined tube on tube plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109623006B CN109623006B CN201811545049.XA CN201811545049A CN109623006B CN 109623006 B CN109623006 B CN 109623006B CN 201811545049 A CN201811545049 A CN 201811545049A CN 109623006 B CN109623006 B CN 109623006B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for drilling inclined tubes on a tube plate, which comprises the following steps: step 1, processing a pre-drilled hole (1) on a tube plate; step 2, inserting the connecting pipe (2) into the pre-drilled hole (1) and performing welding connection; step 3, obtaining the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe (2) and the tube plate; step 4, obtaining the position information of the final hole (6) to the target area on the tube plate; and 5, judging whether the position information of the final hole (6) obtained in the step 4 meets the requirement or not so as to carry out subsequent processing. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, easy to control in conditions, wide in application range, capable of realizing reversible machining of drilling and high in machining precision and efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of drilling of tube plates of steam generators, in particular to a method for drilling inclined tubes on a tube plate.
Background
The steam generator is important large heat exchange equipment in a nuclear power generation system, is a junction of a primary loop and a secondary loop, is also a shielding of the primary loop and the secondary loop, and has the function of preventing radioactive fluid from entering the secondary loop so as to keep the conventional island equipment not to have radioactivity.
The tube sheet assembly is a key component of the steam generator, on which two inclined tubes are provided, such as hydrophobic nipples for drainage and secondary side blowdown, which require drilling, holes extending from the nipples through to the tube sheet secondary side surface. The hydrophobic hole is an inclined hole, strict angle control is needed during machining, and the hydrophobic hole, a pore bridge of the pipe hole and a straight edge section of the secondary side of the pipe plate have geometric tolerance requirements.
In the prior art, the processing of the drainage hole generally adopts a method of firstly integrally forming the tube plate and the drainage connecting tube according to a preset angle and then drilling holes, or a method of respectively drilling holes on the tube plate and the drainage connecting tube and then welding. The problems with the above method are: the early manufacturing process of the integrated forming of the tube plate and the connecting tube is complex, the cost is high, and the efficiency is low; the holes are drilled respectively and then welded, the coaxiality of the holes in the tube plate and the holes in the connecting tube is difficult to control due to welding deformation, the error accumulation is large, the precision is low, and the product quality is difficult to reach the standard; in addition, none of the prior art methods is reversible, and once deviation occurs, irreparable effects are produced on the tube sheet and the hydrophobic adapter tube, and the tube sheet and the hydrophobic adapter tube are scrapped in severe cases.
Therefore, the problem to be solved at present is to provide a method for drilling inclined tubes on a tube plate, which is efficient, low in cost, high in machining precision and reversible.
Disclosure of Invention
The present inventors have made intensive studies in order to overcome the above problems, and as a result, found that: before drilling, welding the connecting pipe and the tube plate according to a preset angle, obtaining the actual angle of the connecting pipe and the tube plate after welding deformation through alignment and virtual drilling, and fusing the data obtained by virtual drilling with the actual size three-dimensional structure diagram of the workpiece, so that the position information of the final hole can be obtained, the basis is provided for the adjustment of subsequent processing parameters, the reversibility of inclined pipe drilling processing is realized, and the processing precision and efficiency are improved, thereby realizing the invention.
In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide the following aspects:
the invention provides a method for drilling inclined tubes on a tube plate, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, processing a pre-drilled hole 1 on a tube plate;
step 2, inserting the connecting pipe 2 into the pre-drilled hole 1 and performing welding connection;
step 3, obtaining the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe 2 and the tube plate;
step 4, obtaining the position information of the final hole 6 punched to the target area on the tube plate;
and 5, judging whether the position information of the final hole 6 obtained in the step 4 meets the requirement or not so as to carry out subsequent processing.
In the step 1, the pre-drilling hole 1 is an inclined hole, and before the pre-drilling hole is processed, the angles of the tube plate and the main shaft of the drilling tool are adjusted to a preset angle;
preferably, the pre-drilled hole 1 is a blind hole with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the final hole 6.
In step 2, the adapter tube 2 is in interference fit with the pre-drilled hole 1, so that the adapter tube and the pre-drilled hole cannot generate relative displacement.
In step 2, in the welding process of the adapter tube 2, a measuring tool is required to measure the included angle between the adapter tube 2 and the tube plate, so that welding parameters can be adjusted in time, and the adapter tube 2 and the tube plate can maintain a preset angle.
Wherein step 3 comprises the sub-steps of:
step 3-1, aligning the connecting pipe 2 with a drilling tool;
and 3-2, performing virtual drilling processing according to the aligned angle to obtain the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe 2 and the tube plate.
Wherein, the step 3-2 comprises the following steps:
step 3-2-1, acquiring space coordinate data of a plane 4 where a drilling hole is located after the drilling hole is drilled to a tube plate target area;
step 3-2-2, acquiring space coordinate data of a main shaft of the drilling tool;
and 3-2-3, obtaining the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe 2 and the tube plate.
In the step 5, when the position information of the final hole 6 obtained in the step 4 meets the requirement, drilling processing is performed according to the alignment angle of the drilling tool in the step 3-1;
when the position information of the final hole 6 obtained in the step 4 does not meet the requirement, fine adjustment processing or butt joint pipe angle correction processing is performed on the position of the drilling tool.
Firstly, performing preliminary drilling by adopting a drill bit with the diameter smaller than the aperture of a final hole 6 in the subsequent drilling process;
preferably, theoretical data of virtual machining of the preliminary drilling hole is obtained before the preliminary drilling hole, and actual position data of the preliminary drilling hole is measured after the preliminary drilling hole is drilled to a target area of the tube plate.
Wherein the actual position data of the preliminary borehole is compared with theoretical data,
when the difference value of the two positions is less than or equal to 4mm and preferably less than or equal to 2.0mm, the next processing can be performed to meet the drawing requirement;
when the difference value of the two positions is more than 4mm, the two positions are required to be adjusted so as not to meet the drawing requirement.
The method comprises the steps of performing reaming processing on a workpiece with the preliminary drilling meeting the drawing requirements so as to process a final hole;
the diameter of the drill used for the reaming process is the same as the diameter of the final hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method for drilling the inclined tube on the tube plate has the advantages of simple operation, easily controlled conditions, low cost and wide application range;
(2) According to the method for drilling the inclined tube on the tube plate, the solid connecting tube and the tube plate are welded into a whole, and then uniform drilling is carried out, so that the error of adjusting the coaxiality of the drilled holes is avoided, and the operation difficulty is reduced;
(3) According to the method for drilling the inclined tube on the tube plate, provided by the invention, the included angle between the connecting tube and the tube plate is determined through virtual drilling, so that the machining precision is improved;
(4) According to the method for drilling and processing the inclined tube on the tube plate, provided by the invention, the virtual processing data and the actual size three-dimensional structure of the workpiece are fused, so that the drilling and processing result is predicted, the subsequent processing parameters can be adjusted according to the result, the reversible processing is realized, the processing efficiency is effectively improved, and the loss is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a tube sheet with only pre-drilled holes machined according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the completion of a tube-on-tube drilling in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a virtual borehole in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows an enlarged partial schematic view of a borehole being drilled into a target area of a tubesheet according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a hydrophobic wand in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a simulated secondary side of a tubesheet in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the acquisition of final hole position information in a three-dimensional structure diagram in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-pre-drilling;
2-connecting pipe;
3-welding seams;
4-tube sheet target area;
5-axis of the drilling tool;
6-final well;
7-tube plate tube holes;
8-a tube plate secondary side straight edge section;
a predetermined angle of the α -tube sheet to the tube;
the distance between the final hole and the nearest tube plate hole in the A-drawing;
b-the distance between the final hole and the straight edge section of the secondary side of the tube plate in the drawing;
a' -virtually machined final hole is spaced from the nearest tube sheet tube hole;
b' -distance between the final hole and the straight edge section of the secondary side of the tube plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments. The features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the description.
The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration. Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.
The invention provides a method for drilling inclined tubes on a tube plate, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, processing a pre-drilled hole 1 on a tube plate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the pre-drilled hole 1 is an inclined hole, and the angles of the tube plate and the main shaft of the drilling tool are adjusted to a predetermined angle α before the pre-drilled hole is processed.
The preset angle is an angle to be processed by the inclined tube and the tube plate (namely a nominal size angle of the angle on the product drawing).
In the present invention, the predetermined angle of the pre-drilled hole may be adjusted by adjusting the tube sheet and/or adjusting the angle of the main shaft of the drilling tool. For example: the position of the tube plate is fixed, and the angle of the pre-drilling hole is adjusted by adjusting the position of the main shaft of the drilling tool.
In a further preferred embodiment, the pre-drilled holes are blind holes having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the final holes.
In the invention, the diameter of the pre-drilled hole is set smaller than the aperture of the final hole, so that allowance can be provided for machining the final hole, and fine adjustment can be performed on the basis of the pre-drilled hole.
In a still further preferred embodiment, the ratio of the pore diameter of the pre-drilled hole to the final pore diameter is (12-16): 23, preferably (13 to 15): 23, more preferably 14:23.
And 2, inserting the connecting pipe into the pre-drilled hole 1, and performing welding connection.
In the invention, the connecting pipe to be processed is a solid rod-shaped material, and the drilling processing method is a method of firstly welding the connecting pipe with the tube plate and then uniformly drilling holes. The inventor finds that by adopting the method, the holes in the tube plate and the connecting tube can be molded at one time, and errors caused by coaxiality adjustment in the prior art can be avoided.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nipple end is in an interference fit with the predrilled hole such that no relative displacement of the nipple and predrilled hole occurs.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the adapter tube 2 is assembled into the pre-drilled hole 1 in an inserting way, so that the assembly precision is ensured, and the ratio of the depth of the pre-drilled hole to the length of the end part of the adapter tube is preferably (28-35): 51, preferably (30 to 34): 51, more preferably 32:51.
The pipe plate inclined pipe drilling method is suitable for drilling the drain pipe of the steam generator, particularly suitable for drilling small-aperture inclined pipes with the diameter smaller than 70mm, such as 57mm pipe plate inclined pipes of national Hua-Dragon series evaporators.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the nipple end is smaller than the outer diameter of the nipple body.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 2, the weld 3 is filled between the tube sheet and the adapter body by welding.
In a further preferred embodiment, in the welding process of the connecting pipe and the tube plate, a measuring tool is required to measure and control the included angle between the connecting pipe and the tube plate so as to adjust welding parameters and welding directions in time, and the connecting pipe and the tube plate always keep a preset angle.
Wherein, measuring tool prefers to be the angle model, in the in-process of welding takeover, needs to constantly measure the contained angle of takeover and tube sheet, if: the included angle is measured once every one turn from the beginning of the welding to the welding of the leg to half, and once every three to five turns when the leg is welded to half and above.
And 3, obtaining the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe 2 and the tube plate.
The inventor finds that although the connection pipe and the tube plate are welded according to a preset angle in the drawing, the angle between the connection pipe and the tube plate after welding has certain error due to the influence of welding deformation and lower precision of an angle measuring tool in the welding process, and the actual angle is required to be accurately measured.
Wherein step 3 comprises the sub-steps of:
and 3-1, aligning the connecting pipe with the drilling tool.
In the present invention, it is preferable to fix the position of the main shaft of the boring tool and then adjust the axis of the adapter to perform alignment so that the boring tool is coaxial with the adapter.
Preferably, the coaxiality of the connecting pipe and the drilling tool is measured and adjusted by adopting a dial indicator, wherein the alignment precision is smaller than 0.1mm.
And 3-2, performing virtual drilling processing according to the aligned angle to obtain the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe and the tube plate.
In the invention, the drilling process is as follows: the adapter tube is welded with the tube plate, drilled from the end face of the adapter tube and machined inwards along the angle axis until the adapter tube passes through the secondary side of the tube plate.
The inventor researches and discovers that the drilling process belongs to space touch typing, the angle requirement is strict during inclined hole processing, once deviation occurs, the position of the secondary side hole changes, and the butt joint pipe is irreversibly affected, such as: the tube plate tube holes and the final holes are in cross interference, so that the tube plate is most likely to be scrapped.
In the invention, the welding error and the alignment error can have irreversible influence on the processing of the butt joint pipe, so that virtual drilling processing is preferably performed before drilling so as to acquire the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe and the tube plate, and further ensure the high precision of subsequent processing.
Wherein the virtual drilling process comprises the sub-steps of:
and step 3-2-1, acquiring space coordinate data of a target area 4 of the tube plate where the final hole is located.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the inclined hole to be drilled is finally drilled to the target area 4 (the secondary side surface of the tube plate), at least four points which are not on the same straight line are selected in the target area of the tube plate, preferably at least one point is collected in each quadrant of the target area of the tube plate, and the space coordinate data of the collection points are obtained.
The position of the plane where the target area where the hole to be finally is located, namely the secondary side plane of the tube plate, can be simulated through the space coordinate data of the sampling points.
And 3-2-2, acquiring space coordinate data of a main shaft of the drilling tool.
In the invention, two points are arbitrarily selected on the main shaft of the drilling tool along the axial extending direction, and the space coordinate data of the sampling points are obtained, so that the axis 5 of the main shaft of the drilling tool during drilling is simulated. The axis of the main shaft of the drilling tool is the axis of the connecting pipe, which is simulated because the drilling tool and the connecting pipe are in coaxial relation after being subjected to alignment treatment.
The spatial coordinate data of each acquisition point can be obtained by using a spatial coordinate measurement system commonly used in the prior art, such as a laser tracker measurement system or a total station measurement system.
And 3-2-3, obtaining the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe and the tube plate.
And accurately measuring the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe and the tube plate according to the simulated positions of the main shaft axis of the drilling tool and the plane of the target area of the tube plate where the final hole is located, namely the included angle between the simulated axis and the plane.
According to the invention, by means of the method for virtually machining and drilling, the actual angle of the welded connecting pipe and the tube plate, namely the actual angle of the drilling tool spindle in drilling, can be accurately measured, and precision assurance is provided for subsequent machining.
And 4, acquiring the position information of the target area of the final hole punched on the tube plate.
The three-dimensional structure diagram of the actual size of the connecting pipe and the tube plate after welding deformation is constructed through the obtained space coordinate data of the target area of the tube plate where the final hole is located and the space coordinate data of the main shaft of the drilling tool, and the position information of the final hole in the target area of the tube plate after processing according to the actual angle is obtained according to the obtained actual angle of the connecting pipe and the tube plate after welding, so that whether the subsequent drilling processing can be carried out by adopting the angle is further judged.
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the constructed three-dimensional structure of the actual dimensions of the welded connection pipe and the tube sheet, the simulated spindle axis of the drilling tool is extended to the target area of the tube sheet, so that the position information of the final hole 6 in the target area can be obtained.
And 5, judging whether the position information of the final hole obtained in the step 4 meets the requirement or not so as to carry out subsequent processing.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the positional information of the final hole obtained in step 4 satisfies the requirement, the drilling process is performed according to the alignment angle of the drilling tool in step 3-1.
In the invention, the drain hole of the tube plate assembly of the Hua-Dragon first pile type steam generator is processed, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the distance between the final hole and the nearest tube plate hole in the drawing is required to be A, and the distance between the final hole and the straight edge section of the secondary side of the tube plate is required to be B; the distance between the final hole which is virtually processed and the nearest tube plate tube hole is A ', and the distance between the final hole which is virtually processed and the straight edge section of the tube plate secondary side is B'.
The requirements of the drawings are A '. Gtoreq.A and B'. Gtoreq.B, and the requirements of the drawings are A '< A or B' < B.
In a further preferred embodiment, when the difference between a 'and a is greater than 4mm and the difference between B' and B is greater than 4mm, the subsequent drilling process may be directly performed;
when (A '-A) is less than or equal to 0mm and less than or equal to 4mm, and (B' -B) is less than or equal to 0mm and less than or equal to 4mm, the processing information can be adjusted by adopting a fine adjustment treatment mode;
when the drawing requirements (i.e., A '< A or B' < B) are not satisfied, the fine tuning process cannot be passed.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when 2 mm.ltoreq.A '-A.ltoreq.4 mm and 2 mm.ltoreq.B' -B.ltoreq.4 mm, the processing information may be adjusted by means of a fine adjustment treatment;
the fine adjustment processing is to adjust the position of the spindle axis of the drilling tool on the premise of not changing the angle of the spindle of the drilling tool in the constructed three-dimensional structure diagram.
The inventor researches and discovers that during the processing process, errors are accumulated due to the influences of factors such as workpiece thickness, dimensional tolerance consumption, alignment deviation and the like, so that the dimension of actual processing has a certain deviation relative to theoretical data. Therefore, when the thickness of the main shaft is less than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to (A '-A) and less than or equal to 4mm, and the thickness of the main shaft is less than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to (B' -B) and less than or equal to 4mm, fine adjustment treatment is needed, and the position of the main shaft axis of the drilling tool is adjusted in the three-dimensional structure diagram so as to meet the drawing requirement, and further, the subsequent processing can be directly carried out.
In a further preferred embodiment, the boring tool spindle axis is adjusted by means of an overall downward translation or an upward translation.
And after the spindle axis is adjusted, whether the final hole edge position meets the drawing requirement is confirmed again, if so, the subsequent processing is carried out, and if not, the spindle axis position of the drilling tool is adjusted repeatedly until the requirement is met.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when 0 mm.ltoreq.A '-A < 2mm and 0 mm.ltoreq.B' -B < 2mm, the angle of the spindle of the boring tool is adjusted without changing the position of the spindle axis of the boring tool in the constructed three-dimensional structure.
Wherein the angle of the main shaft is increased or decreased according to actual needs.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the machining information is also adjusted by simultaneously adjusting the angle of the spindle of the boring tool and the position of the translational axis according to the actual machining needs.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when A '< A or B' < B, the drawing requirements are not satisfied, the position information of the final hole cannot be processed by fine tuning,
correcting the angle between the connecting pipe and the tube plate, and then repeating the operation steps 3 and 4 until the drawing requirement is met.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 4, taking the processing of the drain hole of the tube plate assembly of the Hua Dragon one pile type steam generator as an example, when A' is smaller than A, correcting the angle of the connecting tube to make the included angle between the connecting tube and the tube plate smaller; when B' is smaller than B, the angle of the connecting pipe is corrected to enlarge the included angle between the connecting pipe and the tube plate. And after the angle is corrected, repeating the operation steps 3 and 4, and judging and adjusting again until the requirement of subsequent processing is met.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the subsequent drilling is performed by first performing a preliminary drilling with a drill bit having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the final hole.
And acquiring theoretical position information of the preliminary drilling to the target area of the tube plate in the constructed three-dimensional structure chart according to the diameter of the drill bit selected for the preliminary drilling.
In a further preferred embodiment, the drill bit diameter of the preliminary borehole is smaller than the bore diameter of the pre-borehole.
Preferably, the ratio of the drilling diameter of the preliminary drilling to the final hole diameter is (8-12): 23, preferably (9 to 11): 23, such as 10:23.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actual position data of the preliminary drill hole is measured and confirmed after the preliminary drill hole has been drilled to the target area of the tube sheet.
In a further preferred embodiment, the actual position data of the preliminary borehole are compared with the theoretical position data in the three-dimensional structure,
when the difference value of the two positions is less than or equal to 4mm and preferably less than or equal to 2.0mm, the next processing can be performed to meet the drawing requirement;
when the difference value of the two positions is more than 4mm, the two positions are required to be adjusted so as not to meet the drawing requirement.
The difference value between the actual position data and the theoretical position data of the preliminary drilling is a value that the center of the actual position deviates from the center of the theoretical position.
In a further preferred embodiment, when the initial drilling position does not meet the drawing requirements, the adjustment is to adjust the angle of the first take-over tube and the tube sheet, and then repeating steps 3 and 4 until the drawing requirements are met.
Taking the drain hole of the tube plate assembly of the Hua-Dragon first pile type steam generator as an example, when the center of the actual position of the primary drilling is deviated to the side close to the tube hole of the tube plate and the deviation from the center of the theoretical position is more than 4mm, the included angle between the connecting tube and the tube plate is reduced by correcting the connecting tube to adjust the position; when the actual position center of the primary drilling is deviated to the straight edge section close to the secondary side of the tube plate and the deviation from the theoretical position center is more than 4mm, the included angle between the connecting tube and the tube plate is increased by correcting the connecting tube to adjust the angle. And after the included angle is adjusted, repeating the operation steps 3-4 until the drawing requirement is met.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the workpiece with the preliminary drilling position data meeting the drawing requirements is subjected to reaming so as to process a final hole.
In a further preferred embodiment, the diameter of the drill bit used for the reaming process is the same as the diameter of the final hole.
Examples
The method is adopted to process the drain connecting pipe hole of the Hua-Lou-I pile type steam generator tube plate assembly, as shown in figures 1-7, wherein the base material of the tube plate is low alloy steel, and the drawing requires: the connecting pipe and the base metal form an included angle of 61 degrees, the final aperture of the hydrophobic connecting pipe is phi 23mm, the minimum distance A between the final hole and the edge of the nearest tube hole of the tube plate is 5mm, the minimum distance B between the final hole and the straight edge section of the secondary side of the tube plate is 46mm, and the specific processing steps are as follows:
step 1, placing a tube plate on a fixed bracket, adjusting an included angle between a drilling main shaft and the tube plate on a boring machine to 61 degrees, and processing a pre-drilling hole (shown in figure 2) with the diameter phi 14mm and the depth phi 32mm, wherein the processing precision is 0.05mm;
step 2, inserting the lower end of the drainage connecting pipe into a pre-drilled hole, wherein as shown in fig. 5, the drainage connecting pipe adopts a solid bar, and the lower end of the connecting pipe is in interference fit with the pre-drilled hole; then welding, wherein in the welding process, before welding from the beginning to the welding leg to the half, an included angle is measured by adopting an angle template every circle, and when the welding leg is welded to the half and the thickness above, the included angle is measured every three to five circles, so that the included angle is ensured to be in line with 61 degrees in the welding process;
step 3, clamping the tube plate and the drainage connecting tube which are welded into a whole on a rotating platform of a boring machine, and then, rotating the tube plate and the drainage connecting tube in the direction of the rotating platform to align the axis of the drainage connecting tube with a main shaft of the boring machine so that the main shaft of the boring machine is coaxial with the connecting tube, and measuring and adjusting the coaxiality of the connecting tube and a boring tool by adopting a dial indicator, wherein the alignment precision is controlled within 0.1 mm;
selecting a point in each quadrant region of the secondary side surface (shown in figures 1 and 3) of the tube plate, and obtaining space coordinate data of four points by using a laser tracker, wherein the space coordinate data are (0, 695.33, 1312.81), (0, 695.34, -1312.80), (0, -695.34, 1312.80), (0, -695.33, -1312.81) respectively; two points are arbitrarily selected along the axis extending direction on the drilling spindle, and a laser tracker is adopted to obtain the space coordinate data of the two points (2004.012, 426.77, 265.603), (2498.88, 534.767, 546.67) respectively;
as shown in fig. 6, according to the space coordinate data of four points on the secondary side surface of the tube plate, generating space coordinate values (0, 0 and 0) of the central point of the secondary side surface of the tube plate, further obtaining a simulated secondary side surface of the tube plate, and obtaining a simulated drilling spindle according to the space coordinate data of two points on the drilling spindle, so as to obtain an actual included angle between the hydrophobic connecting tube and the tube plate as 60.97 degrees;
step 4, in the graph of the tube plate secondary side plane and the drilling spindle obtained by simulation, as shown in fig. 7, extending the connecting line of the spindle to the tube plate secondary side surface to obtain the position information of a final hole, wherein the distance A 'between the final hole and the edge of the nearest tube plate tube hole 7 is 23.764mm, and the distance B' between the final hole and the straight edge section 8 of the tube plate secondary side is 48.468mm as shown in fig. 4;
as can be seen from the data, the B' of the simulated final hole position is compared with the minimum 46mm required by the drawing of the product, the difference is smaller than 4mm although the drawing is met, and the drilling spindle is finely adjusted on the premise of meeting the drawing size by considering that small deviation (factors such as workpiece thickness influence, size tolerance consumption, alignment deviation and the like) exists between the machining reality and theoretical conversion;
in the simulation diagram, the angle of the main shaft of the drilling tool is not changed, the main shaft is integrally and downwards translated for 1mm to obtain an adjusted final hole position, the difference between the measured A' of the adjusted final hole and the minimum distance required by the drawing is 16.688mm and 4.544mm respectively, and the difference is larger than 4mm, so that the requirements are met, and the machining can be performed according to the adjusted main shaft position;
and 5, performing virtual preliminary processing on the hydrophobic connecting pipe according to the adjusted position of the drilling spindle on the boring machine, firstly obtaining theoretical data after the preliminary drilling with the small drill bit phi of 10mm is performed to the secondary side of the tube plate, then performing actual preliminary drilling, and comparing the obtained actual position center of the preliminary drilling with the theoretical position, wherein the result shows that: the actual position is close to the straight edge section of the secondary side of the tube plate, the deviation distance is 5mm, if the data are processed, the value B of the straight edge section of the secondary side of the tube plate is 45.544mm and is smaller than 46mm required by a drawing, the drawing requirement is not met, the included angle between a connecting tube and the tube plate is required to be adjusted to 61.2 degrees, then the operation steps 3 and 4 are repeated until theoretical data meet the drawing requirement, and reaming is further carried out;
and (3) reaming by using a drill bit with the diameter of phi 23mm, and processing to obtain the tube plate hydrophobic hole.
The processed tube plate hydrophobic hole is detected, and the result shows that the included angle between the tube plate hydrophobic hole and the tube plate is 61.2 degrees, the actual distance between the tube plate hydrophobic hole and the edge of the tube plate tube hole closest to the tube plate hydrophobic hole is 22.127mm, and the actual distance between the tube plate hydrophobic hole and the straight edge section of the secondary side of the tube plate tube is 50.105mm, so that the requirements of a drawing are met.
The precision of the actually processed tube plate hydrophobic holes is up to 100%, irreversible damage is not caused to the tube plate and the connecting tube, the time for processing 2 hydrophobic holes of one tube plate assembly is 24 hours, and the efficiency is high.
Example 2
The method used in this example is similar to example 1, except that in step 4, the simulated final hole position B' is 44mm, which does not meet the drawing requirements. At this time, the angle between the connecting tube and the tube plate needs to be corrected, the included angle is adjusted to 61.3 degrees, and then the operation steps 3 and 4 are repeated until the values of A 'and B' meet the requirements of the drawing.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the positional or positional relationship indicated by the terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", etc. are based on the positional or positional relationship in the operation state of the present invention, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected in common; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The invention has been described above in connection with preferred embodiments, which are, however, exemplary only and for illustrative purposes. On this basis, the invention can be subjected to various substitutions and improvements, and all fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method of drilling a tube sheet into a tube, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, processing a pre-drilled hole (1) on a tube plate;
step 2, inserting the connecting pipe (2) into the pre-drilled hole (1) and performing welding connection;
step 3, obtaining the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe (2) and the tube plate;
step 4, obtaining the position information of the final hole (6) to the target area on the tube plate;
step 5, judging whether the position information of the final hole (6) obtained in the step 4 meets the requirement or not so as to carry out subsequent processing;
step 3 comprises the following sub-steps:
step 3-1, aligning the connecting pipe (2) with a drilling tool;
step 3-2, performing virtual drilling processing according to the aligned angle to obtain the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe (2) and the tube plate;
the step 3-2 comprises the following steps:
step 3-2-1, acquiring space coordinate data of a target area (4) of a tube plate drilled by a drill hole;
step 3-2-2, acquiring space coordinate data of a main shaft of the drilling tool;
and 3-2-3, obtaining the actual angle between the welded connecting pipe (2) and the tube plate.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1, the pre-drilled hole (1) is an inclined hole, and that the angle of the tube plate and the main shaft of the drilling tool is adjusted to a predetermined angle before machining the pre-drilled hole.
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that in step 1, the pre-drilled hole (1) is a blind hole with a smaller diameter than the hole diameter of the final hole (6).
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2 the nipple (2) is interference fitted with the pre-drilled hole (1) such that no relative displacement of the nipple and the pre-drilled hole occurs.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, during the welding of the adapter tube (2), a measuring tool is used to measure the angle between the adapter tube (2) and the tube sheet, so as to adjust the welding parameters in time, so that the adapter tube (2) and the tube sheet maintain a predetermined angle.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, when the positional information of the final hole (6) obtained in step 4 satisfies the requirement, the subsequent drilling process is performed according to the alignment angle of the drilling tool in step 3-1;
and (3) when the position information of the final hole (6) obtained in the step (4) does not meet the requirement, performing fine adjustment processing or butt joint pipe angle correction processing on the position of the drilling tool.
7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the subsequent drilling is performed initially with a drill bit having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the final hole (6).
8. The method of claim 7, wherein theoretical data of virtual machining is obtained before preliminary drilling, and actual position data of the preliminary drilling is measured after the preliminary drilling is performed to a target area of the tube sheet.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the actual position data of the preliminary borehole is compared with theoretical data,
when the difference value of the two positions is less than or equal to 4mm, the next processing can be performed to meet the drawing requirement;
when the difference value of the two positions is more than 4mm, the two positions are required to be adjusted so as not to meet the drawing requirement.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of determining the position of the substrate comprises,
when the difference value of the two positions is less than or equal to 2.0mm, the next processing can be performed to meet the drawing requirements.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the preliminary drilling is performed on a workpiece meeting the drawing requirements to produce a final hole;
the diameter of the drill used for the reaming process is the same as the diameter of the final hole.
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| CN201811545049.XA CN109623006B (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2018-12-17 | Method for drilling inclined tube on tube plate |
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| CN110480277B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-06-29 | 广船国际有限公司 | Machining process of nacelle rudder-steering mounting flange |
| CN111408899A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-07-14 | 武汉善福重型机床有限公司 | Method for processing inclined hole of stainless steel sheet |
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