CN109609855B - Sulfur-containing microalloyed steel and energy-saving production method and application thereof - Google Patents
Sulfur-containing microalloyed steel and energy-saving production method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109609855B CN109609855B CN201910070059.0A CN201910070059A CN109609855B CN 109609855 B CN109609855 B CN 109609855B CN 201910070059 A CN201910070059 A CN 201910070059A CN 109609855 B CN109609855 B CN 109609855B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
- F16C3/06—Crankshafts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
Abstract
The invention relates to sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, an energy-saving production method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of special steel smelting. The sulfur-containing microalloyed steel contains manganese sulfide educt; the size of the manganese sulfide precipitate is less than or equal to 5 microns; the manganese sulfide precipitates are directly precipitated in the casting process. The preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel by adopting a smelting technology, and casting the qualified molten steel in a rapid cooling mode to directly produce a sulfur-containing microalloyed steel finished product with the average size of manganese sulfide precipitates being less than 5 microns and in dispersed distribution. Compared with the traditional process, the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel designed and prepared by the invention omits a long-time heat preservation treatment process, has the advantage of remarkable energy saving, can directly obtain qualified products through casting, has the size of manganese sulfide precipitates not higher than that of the traditional process, and has good cutting performance. The product obtained by the invention can be directly used for forging and preparing forgings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, an energy-saving production method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of special steel smelting.
Background
The sulfur-containing microalloyed steel is a common high-added-value steel product, is widely applied to important fields of automobile industry and the like, and is mainly used for manufacturing parts such as automobile crankshafts, connecting rods and the like. The traditional steel industry generally adopts the production flow of sulfur-containing microalloyed steel by smelting and casting and subsequent long-time heating and heat preservation treatment.
Because the steel grade has higher requirements on the cutting performance, long-time heating and heat preservation links are necessary for obtaining products with proper cutting performance. In this link, manganese sulfide precipitates conventionally cast into steel can be greatly refined, so that the cutting performance of the steel is greatly improved. But the long-time heat preservation process can not neglect the energy consumption.
To date, no energy-efficient process for the production of sulfur-containing microalloyed steel has been developed.
Disclosure of Invention
Considering the existing various methods for producing sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, there is basically no method for directly obtaining sulfur-containing microalloyed steel with good machinability by casting. The invention provides sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, and an energy-saving production method and application thereof. The performance of the designed and produced product is not lower than that of the product produced by the traditional process. The invention adopts a special casting method, thereby avoiding the subsequent process and achieving the purpose of greatly saving energy.
The invention relates to a sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, which contains a manganese sulfide precipitate; the size of the manganese sulfide precipitate is less than or equal to 5 microns; the manganese sulfide precipitates are directly precipitated in the casting process.
The invention relates to sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, which contains Fe, C, Si, Mn, P, S, Nb, V, Ti, Ni, Cr and N.
Preferably, the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel of the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.6% of C, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 0.6-0.9% of Mn, 0.005-0.01% of P, 0.04-0.07% of S, 0.01-0.03% of Nb, 0.08-0.12% of V, 0.02-0.05% of Ti, 0.1-0.3% of Ni, 0.1-0.3% of Cr, 0.1-0.2% of N, Fe: and (4) the balance.
As a further preferable aspect, the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel of the present invention includes, by mass: 0.4-0.5% of C, 0.3-0.4% of Si, 0.7-0.8% of Mn, 0.006-0.008% of P, 0.05-0.06% of S, 0.015-0.025% of Nb, 0.09-0.11% of V, 0.03-0.04% of Ti, 0.15-0.25% of Ni, 0.15-0.25% of Cr, 0.12-0.18% of N, Fe: and (4) the balance.
The invention relates to an energy-saving method for producing sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, which comprises the following steps:
step one
Preparing raw materials according to the designed components; smelting the raw materials to obtain molten steel;
step two
Casting the molten steel to directly produce a finished product of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel with the average size of manganese sulfide precipitates being less than 5 microns and in dispersed distribution; during casting, the cooling speed is controlled to be 2000-3000K/s.
As a preferred scheme, the method for producing the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel in an energy-saving manner adopts an induction furnace to carry out smelting to obtain molten steel; the superheat degree of the molten steel is 30-50 ℃. When the device is applied to industry, an induction coil is adopted for heating and smelting, an infrared pyrometer is adopted for measuring temperature, and a power supply with a PID controller is adopted for regulating and controlling the power of the induction coil.
As a preferred scheme, the method for producing the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel in an energy-saving way has the advantage that the temperature difference of molten steel in the same furnace is less than or equal to 5 ℃ before casting.
As a preferred scheme, the method for producing the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel in an energy-saving manner, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that during casting, a cast ingot is rapidly cooled by using a cooling medium; and recovering the cooling medium; the cooling medium includes water. By means of the recovery of the cooling medium, in particular of water, the greatest possible recovery and utilization of heat is achieved, which contributes to further energy saving.
The invention relates to application of sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, which comprises the application of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel as a forged piece. The forging comprises a hot forging and a cold forging. This provides the possibility of cold forging, since the invention provides good control of the size of the precipitates already during casting. This also provides a favorable guarantee for the energy conservation of the subsequent process.
The invention relates to application of sulfur-containing microalloyed steel, wherein a forging comprises at least one of a crankshaft and a connecting rod. The forging piece can not only be used on automobiles, but also be used for other load-carrying equipment and engineering equipment.
The invention adopts the idea of combining the traditional process and the new technology, adopts the novel energy-saving production process of organically combining mature induction melting and special casting which exerts the characteristic of rapid solidification, can save the subsequent heating and heat preservation treatment with high energy consumption of the traditional process, greatly saves electricity, reduces the production cost and has good benefit. The size and distribution of manganese sulfide precipitates in the produced product are not much different from those of the conventional process, and the cutting performance is basically consistent.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In this embodiment, the production method of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel includes the following steps:
step one
The method comprises the following steps of putting raw materials with proper chemical components into a high-purity quartz tube with a small hole at the bottom for induction melting to obtain the following specific components:
Fe-0.46C-0.35Si-0.71Mn-0.0075P-0.055S-0.022Nb-0.094V-0.034Ti-0.21Ni-0.19Cr-0.014N in wt% sulfur-containing microalloyed steel liquid (the superheat degree is 30 ℃), wherein the temperature amplitude of the liquid steel is less than or equal to 5 ℃;
step two
And (3) aligning the small hole at the bottom of the copper plane to cool the substrate, carrying cooling water in the substrate, and rapidly emitting molten steel to the substrate by using high-purity argon gas and solidifying the molten steel (the cooling speed is 2500K/s). Completing the special casting process. And recovering the cooling water.
The average value of the sizes of the manganese sulfide precipitates of the obtained product was measured and shown in Table 1.
The obtained product can be directly used for hot forging; the hot forged product is a connecting rod and/or a crankshaft.
The obtained product can be directly used for cold forging; and (3) performing heat treatment at a lower temperature after cold forging to obtain a product of the connecting rod and/or the crankshaft.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example was compared with example 1 using only step one of example 1 (wherein the condition parameters used in step one were completely the same as those of example 1)
And in the second step, the production is carried out by adopting the traditional casting (the cooling speed is less than or equal to 50K/s). And subsequent long-time heating and heat preservation treatment is not carried out.
The average value of the sizes of the manganese sulfide precipitates of the obtained product was measured and shown in Table 1.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example was compared with example 1 using only step one of example 1 (wherein the condition parameters used in step one were completely the same as those of example 1)
And in the second step, the production is carried out by adopting the traditional casting (the cooling speed is less than or equal to 50K/s).
And thirdly, heating the semi-finished product to 1000K under the protection of argon, and preserving heat for 8 hours to obtain a final product.
The measured values of the average values of the sizes of the manganese sulfide precipitates of the obtained products are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 average size test chart for manganese sulfide precipitate in product
| Average size (μm) | |
| Example 1 | 4.24 |
| Comparative example 1 | 13.83 |
| Comparative example 2 | 4.86 |
From the results in the table, the size of manganese sulfide contained in the product produced by the method is small, and the method is not greatly different from the traditional high-energy consumption process, if the traditional process is adopted and the subsequent high-energy consumption heat preservation link is omitted, the size of manganese sulfide in the product is large, and the performance is obviously poor. The method is an energy-saving production method of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the production method of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel includes the following steps:
step one
The method comprises the following steps of putting raw materials with proper chemical components into a high-purity quartz tube with a small hole at the bottom for induction melting to obtain the following specific components:
Fe-0.4C-0.2Si-0.6Mn-0.005P-0.04S-0.01Nb-0.08V-0.02Ti-0.11Ni-0.12Cr-0.12N in wt% sulfur-containing microalloy steel liquid (superheat degree is 40 ℃), wherein the temperature amplitude of the steel liquid is less than or equal to 5 ℃;
step two
The bottom orifice is aligned with the copper plane to cool the substrate with cooling water, and high purity argon gas is used to rapidly eject molten steel to the substrate and solidify the molten steel (cooling speed is 2100K/s). Completing the special casting process. And recovering the cooling water.
The resulting product had an average manganese sulfide precipitate size of 4.6 microns.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the production method of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel includes the following steps:
step one
The method comprises the following steps of putting raw materials with proper chemical components into a high-purity quartz tube with a small hole at the bottom for induction melting to obtain the following specific components:
Fe-0.6C-0.5Si-0.9Mn-0.008P-0.07S-0.03Nb-0.12V-0.05Ti-0.28Ni-0.25Cr-0.18N in wt% sulfur-containing microalloy steel liquid (superheat degree is 45 ℃), wherein the temperature amplitude of the steel liquid is less than or equal to 5 ℃;
step two
The bottom orifice is aligned with the copper plane to cool the substrate with cooling water, and high purity argon gas is used to rapidly eject molten steel to the substrate and solidify it (cooling rate of 2800K/s). Completing the special casting process. And recovering the cooling water.
The resulting product had an average size of manganese sulfide precipitates of 4.1 microns with nanophase in the precipitates.
The obtained product can be directly used for hot forging; the hot forged product is a connecting rod and/or a crankshaft.
The obtained product can be directly used for cold forging; and (3) performing heat treatment at a lower temperature after cold forging to obtain a product of the connecting rod and/or the crankshaft.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the production method of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel includes the following steps:
step one
The method comprises the following steps of putting raw materials with proper chemical components into a high-purity quartz tube with a small hole at the bottom for induction melting to obtain the following specific components:
Fe-0.48C-0.35Si-0.75Mn-0.008P-0.06S-0.02Nb-0.10V-0.035Ti-0.22Ni-0.23Cr-0.16N in wt% sulfur-containing microalloy steel liquid (superheat degree is 45 ℃), and the temperature amplitude of the steel liquid is less than or equal to 5 ℃;
step two
The bottom orifice is aligned with the copper plane to cool the substrate with cooling water, and high purity argon gas is used to rapidly eject molten steel to the substrate and solidify (cooling rate is 2900K/s). Completing the special casting process. And recovering the cooling water.
The resulting product had an average size of manganese sulfide precipitates of 4.0 microns with a nanophase in the precipitates, which was greater in number of nanoparticles than in example 3.
The obtained product can be directly used for hot forging; the hot forged product is a connecting rod and/or a crankshaft.
The obtained product can be directly used for cold forging; and (3) performing heat treatment at a lower temperature after cold forging to obtain a product of the connecting rod and/or the crankshaft.
Claims (7)
1. A sulfur-containing microalloyed steel is characterized in that: the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel contains manganese sulfide educt; the size of the manganese sulfide precipitate is less than or equal to 5 microns; the manganese sulfide precipitate is directly precipitated in the casting process;
the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel comprises, by mass, 0.4-0.6% of C, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 0.6-0.9% of Mn, 0.005-0.01% of P, 0.04-0.07% of S, 0.01-0.03% of Nb, 0.08-0.12% of V, 0.02-0.05% of Ti, 0.1-0.3% of Ni, 0.1-0.3% of Cr, 0.1-0.2% of N, and Fe: the balance;
the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel is prepared by the following steps:
step one
Preparing raw materials according to the designed components; smelting the raw materials to obtain molten steel;
step two
Casting the molten steel to directly produce a finished product of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel with the average size of manganese sulfide precipitates being less than 5 microns and in dispersed distribution; during casting, the cooling speed is controlled to be 2000-3000K/s.
2. The sulfur-containing microalloyed steel of claim 1, wherein: the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.5% of C, 0.3-0.4% of Si, 0.7-0.8% of Mn, 0.006-0.008% of P, 0.05-0.06% of S, 0.015-0.025% of Nb, 0.09-0.11% of V, 0.03-0.04% of Ti, 0.15-0.25% of Ni, 0.15-0.25% of Cr, 0.12-0.18% of N, Fe: and (4) the balance.
3. A sulfur-containing microalloyed steel according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: smelting by using an induction furnace to obtain molten steel; the superheat degree of the molten steel is 30-50 ℃.
4. A sulfur-containing microalloyed steel according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: before casting, the temperature difference of the same furnace molten steel is less than or equal to 5 ℃.
5. A sulfur-containing microalloyed steel according to claim 1; the method is characterized in that: during casting, rapidly cooling the cast ingot by using a cooling medium; and recovering the cooling medium; the cooling medium includes water.
6. Use of a sulfur-containing microalloyed steel according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the application includes using it as a forging.
7. The use of the sulfur-containing microalloyed steel of claim 6, the forging including at least one of a crankshaft, a connecting rod.
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| JP2006291335A (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2006-10-26 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Steel for case hardening having excellent high temperature carburizing characteristic and workability |
| CN107312908A (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2017-11-03 | 北京科技大学 | Improve the metallurgical method of MnS inclusion morphologies in a kind of non-hardened and tempered steel |
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