CN109580780A - Hand-held taps detector and detection method - Google Patents
Hand-held taps detector and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- 101100328518 Caenorhabditis elegans cnt-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hand-helds to tap detector, including taps hammer, drive module and microprocessor control unit, which is characterized in that tapping hammer includes electromagnetic coil, ferromagnetic block, metal frame, metal slide bar and spring and striking head；Striking head includes piezoelectric transducer and tup.The invention further relates to a kind of detection methods, and steps are as follows: first sampling to one piece of cellular composite material standard specimen, acquire the voltage waveform at zero defect；The signal of piezoelectric transducer output is transformed into single-ended signal, obtains one section of high-quality smooth signal by amplifier isolation amplification, differential signal；Obtain unsticking degree of the wide W0 of wave of smooth signal as standard specimen；It treats test block to be detected, obtains the wide W1 of the signal wave of test specimen to be measured, W1 is compared with W0, difference is bigger, and expression unsticking degree is more severe, and smaller expression quality is better.The present invention has easy to detect quick, advantage with high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
Detector is tapped using hand-held the present invention relates to a kind of.
Background technique
With the continuous development and innovation of aeronautical technology and composite technology, cellular composite material is led in aviation industry
It is more and more widely used on domain.The characteristics of due to cellular composite material internal structure itself, in some construction environments
The defects of being easy to appear layering and unsticking under equal strength effect is hit with non-design load and foreign matter.Space flight device must have
High precision and security performance, so needing to carry out non-destructive testing space flight device.
Tapping detection is that a kind of important lossless detection method passes the defect of cellular composite material layering and unsticking
The percussion detection of system is the tool that aircraft maintenance personnel usually use similar hand hammer, with appropriate dynamics go to tap cellular material to
Survey surface.If there are intrinsic physical characteristic (such as material sheets that when panel layering or debonding, can change its material on honeycomb surface
The coefficient of elasticity of body), " sound " of sending can also change therewith.So maintenance personal relies on service experience, subjective judgement and people
The common sense that work taps, the damage to identify surface texture is made a sound by material, the method for this detection is not only be easy to cause
It judges by accident and fails to judge；Furthermore personnel not abundant for operating experience, are tapped using tool, can also carry out secondary injury to material strips；
And cause that low efficiency, operating quantity are big, long etc. a series of disadvantage of maintenance time.
That there are volumes is larger for sensor made of the piezoelectric ceramic piece closed assembly of traditional handicraft, sensitivity is not high, assembly technology
The problems such as complicated.With the continuous development of technology, system requirements shock transducer can have miniaturization, high sensitivity, integrate
The features such as integrated, therefore research novel miniaturization, highly sensitive shock transducer just seem necessary.Use integrated multi-layer
Piezoelectric ceramics small design, highly sensitive pressure sensor have then shown advantage, and the obtained sensor body autumn is small, clever
Sensitivity is high, and another multi-drop arrangement, multiaxis sensitivity design the requirement that " universal property " can be achieved.
From transducer sensitivity angle analysis is tapped, the percussion sensor of existing some detection devices is all using single layer
The piezoceramic transducer of piezoelectric patches or the piezoelectric transducer of multiple-layer stacked piezoelectric patches suffer from sensitivity it is not high lack
Point can not detect small-signal, and detection resolution is low.
From the volume size angle analysis of sensor, traditional piezoelectric transducer must increase if wanting to improve sensitivity
Piezoelectric patches occupies system space and becomes larger so that volume be made to become larger, and assembly is complicated, and integrated level is low, cannot achieve multi-drop arrangement, makes
The reliability of system trigger reduces.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, for the unsticking of cellular composite material
The defects of layering, designs a kind of percussion detector of handheld portable, and gives output detection method.Technical solution of the present invention is such as
Under:
A kind of hand-held percussion detector, including tap hammer, drive module and microprocessor control unit, feature and exist
In tapping hammer includes electromagnetic coil 16, ferromagnetic block 18, metal frame, metal slide bar 20 and spring 23 and striking head；Striking head packet
Include piezoelectric transducer 17 and tup 19；Electromagnetic coil 16 is fixed on metal frame bottom end, and spring 23 is fixed on metal frame top, ferromagnetic
Connect spring on block 18, under connect metal slide bar, ferromagnetic block can move up and down in metal frame, and metal slide bar one end is from being fixed on metal
Pass through among the electromagnetic coil of frame lower end, and be fixedly connected with ferromagnetic block, the metal slide bar other end successively fixes piezoelectric transducer
And synthetic plastic tup.Piezoelectric transducer 17 is realized using multilayer piezoelectric bimorph；The pulse control signal that microprocessor generates is logical
Module loading overdrive on electromagnetic coil, controls the on-off of electromagnetic coil to realize the reciprocating motion of metal slide bar, thus band
Dynamic electromagnetic block and the movement for tapping hammer；The detection signal of piezoelectric transducer is admitted to microprocessor and carries out signal processing analysis, with
It is detected with the presence or absence of defect and unsticking situation.
Present invention simultaneously provides the detection methods realized using the detector, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) one piece of cellular composite material standard specimen is sampled first, acquires the voltage waveform at zero defect；
(2) signal of piezoelectric transducer output is transformed into single-ended signal by amplifier isolation amplification, differential signal；
(3) one section of effective percussion feedback digital signal is obtained；
(4) digital signal is subjected to digital filtering processing, obtains one section of high-quality smooth signal；The wave of smooth signal is wide
The unsticking degree of W expression composite material；
(5) it repeats (1) to (4) repeatedly, takes unsticking degree of its average value W0 as standard specimen；
(6) it treats test block to be detected, repeats step (1) to (4), the wide W1 of the signal wave of test specimen to be measured is obtained, by W1
Compared with W0, difference is bigger, and expression unsticking degree is more severe, and smaller expression quality is better.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages:
(1) in terms of sensor structure, present invention uses the piezoelectric transducers of integrated multi-layer piezoelectric ceramics piece.Due to collection
At the high piezoelectric constant of multilayer piezoelectric ceramic chip, obtained transducer sensitivity is greatly promoted, and can achieve same volume
Under be 5 times or more of transducer sensitivity using conventional piezoelectric potsherd.Piezoelectric transducer intrinsic sensitivity is high, output signal
Greatly, the detection resolution of sensor is improved, the measurement range and enhancing impact resistance of sensor can be also expanded.
(2) in terms of sensor bulk size, multi-drop arrangement, the system integration may be implemented after volume miniaturization, compared to
Traditional shock transducer, the integrated and excellent piezoelectric constant of multilayer piezoelectric ceramic, can reduce mass block so that sensing
Device volume-diminished and be thinned.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of overall structure figure for tapping detector proposed by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view for tapping detector.
Fig. 3 is the side view for tapping detector.
Fig. 4 is the operation interface of touch screen
Fig. 5 is piezoelectric sensor structure schematic diagram
Fig. 6 is multilayer piezoelectric ceramic structural schematic diagram
Fig. 7 is normal signal compared with unsticking signal
Fig. 8 is striking head driving signal schematic diagram
Fig. 9 is signal processing block diagram
Figure 10 is to tap feedback signal interception schematic diagram
Figure 11 is edge detection schematic diagram
Figure 12 is main program flow chart
Figure label explanation: 1LED module；2 touch screen modules；3 power switches；4 de- be stained with degree size and show；5 sampling digital displays
Show；6 reference values are shown；7 sampling numbers are shown；8 start pause button；9 reset setting；10 electricity are shown；The setting of 11 speed；12
The setting of sample mean number；The setting of 13 operating modes；14 obtain reference；15 help；16 electromagnetic coils；17 piezoelectric transducers；18 iron
Magnetic patch；19 synthetic plastic tups；20 metal slide bars；21 metal frames；22 flexible circuit conductors；23 springs
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that hand-held taps detector.As shown in Figure 1, electric quantity detecting circuit uses A/D analog-to-digital conversion pair
Two batteries electricity real-time detections, in case charging in time in use process；Protection circuit module can carry out during the charging process
Pressure protection and discharge process under-voltage protection；Work needed for DC power supply can be converted to other circuits by power voltage step down circuit module
Voltage；Microprocessor control unit is realized using DSP, is generated pulse control signal all the way and is controlled drive module, to control electricity
The detection frequency of magnet；Electromagnet drives sensor to obtain the vibration information on cellular composite material surface and then is converted into faint
Small signal generates single-ended signal through amplifying circuit and acquires for microprocessor, and DSP is acquired signal by AD and to being acquired
Signal, which is filtered, obtains the waveform widths of reaction judgement material property with Edge check to judge the unsticking of composite material to be measured
Degree, unsticking degree are shown by LED module 1, different according to unsticking degree, light-emitting LED to have following several display patterns: green
Color, yellow, light red, peony, representing defect is respectively normal, warning, defect, major defect, when a defect is detected,
Buzzer will call the police, and material is defective herein for prompt；Man-machine interface touch screen 2 uses resistive touch mode, sets on interface
It sets speed 11, the judgement of sample mean number 7 and operating mode (unsticking, kernel) 13 buttons and electricity and shows 10, unsticking data are aobvious
Show that the percussion frequency of electromagnet can be set in control, speed button 11, sample mean number 12 adjudicates button and can be set and will adopt
The cellular material surface data of collection is averagely made a decision, to obtain the unsticking degree on stable, accurate honeycomb surface, Working mould
Formula button (unsticking, kernel) 13 can according to need detection covering and honeycomb unsticking degree and honeycomb interior configuration state；
Show that control can be with the data value of the situation of the electricity of real-time display battery and unsticking degree.
Piezoelectric transducer: Fig. 5 is that the present embodiment taps hammer structural schematic diagram, as shown, tapping hammer by an electromagnetic wire
Circle 16,18, metal slide bars 20 of ferromagnetic block and a spring 23 and striking head are constituted；Striking head is by 17 He of piezoelectric transducer
Synthetic plastic tup 19 forms.Electromagnetic coil 16 is fixed on metal frame bottom end, and spring 23 is fixed on metal frame top, ferromagnetic block 18
On connect spring, under connect metal slide bar, ferromagnetic block can move up and down in metal frame, and metal slide bar one end is from being fixed under metal frame
Pass through among the electromagnetic coil at end, and fixed with ferromagnetic block made of ferrimagnet, the metal slide bar other end is successively fixed to press
Electric transducer and synthetic plastic tup.Piezoelectric transducer 17 is realized with multilayer piezoelectric bimorph.
The core concept of 17 detection method of piezoelectric transducer is, when, there are when certain defect, structure is whole in detected object
Certain vibration performances of body can also change correspondingly, and convert electric signal through sensor for this variation, amplify by signal, be sent into micro-
Processor carries out signal processing analysis, to detect situations such as it is with the presence or absence of defect and unsticking.
When plastics tup touches honeycomb surface, sensor output waveform is begun to ramp up.Until cellular board reaches maximum
When compression, the distance between spring constant, that is, honeycomb skin reaches minimum (small compared to normal region is more).Due to honeycomb interior
The load force that structure is subject to, the constraint that the covering on the surface of cellular material starts to be detached from kernel raise upward, in this process, directly
To percussion head surface；From the above Dynamic profiling it can be concluded that the size of honeycombed material spring constant is mainly suffered by internal structure
Extruding degree.Therefore, by giving striking head an equal amount of power, spring system is obtained according to each position on honeycomb surface
Several differences, these corresponding spring constants are converted into pulse of different size, therefore the knot of honeycomb unsticking in sensor
Structure can be detected.Fig. 7 is the comparison schematic diagram of normal signal and unsticking signal, and the signal of sensor output is isolated by amplifier
Amplification, is then converted into pulse by comparator, and the pulse period for tapping the acquisition of orthodox material is T0, defective material
Pulse period is T, and T-T0/T0 indicates the degree of fault in material, and as can be seen from the figure the pulse width of defect area is obviously big
In normal region.
The core component for tapping hammer is piezoelectric transducer 17.Traditional piezoelectric transducer usually makes to increase sensitivity
With the parallel connection of multi-disc piezoelectric ceramic wafer and biggish mass block, and the invention uses the piezoelectricity of integrated multi-layer piezoelectric film piezoelectric ceramics
The a piece of requirement that just can reach high sensitivity is used only in sensor, reduces multiple electrodes, can also reduce the volume of mass block, and
Sensitivity is not less than the sensor of sheet type piezoelectric ceramic, therefore can not only greatly increase sensor using integrated multi-layer piezoelectric ceramics
Clever density, and can be reduced volume, mitigate weight, it can also expand the measurement range and enhancing impact resistance of sensor.Multilayer pressure
Two electrodes of electroceramics are interdigitation membrane electrode, and main component Ag, with a thickness of a few micrometers, piezoceramic material is zirconium metatitanic acid
Lead facilitates the electric signal when polarization and application of whole piezoelectric ceramics to pick up, the polarization direction phase of adjacent two layers piezoelectric ceramics
Instead, it realizes the parallel connection between multilayer piezoelectric ceramic, obtains more charges, considerably increase whole piezoelectric constant.Fig. 6 is more
It is laminated the structural schematic diagram of electroceramics.The silver electrode of the extremely upper and lower surface of the two of element, to guarantee two interelectrode insulation, side
Silver electrode do not contacted with the silver electrode of the other side.
The differential signal exported by piezoelectric transducer 17 carries out signal transmission with amplifier by high-accuracy flexible circuit conductor 22, should
Wire quality is light, and pliability is high, when striking head moves back and forth, influence ratio that the deformation that conducting wire generates generates striking head
It is smaller, it can be ignored.
Drive module controls the on-off of electromagnetic coil by driving current to realize the reciprocating motion of metal slide bar.By right
Coil input current makes coil band be magnetic, when input high level on the current input terminal port to electromagnetic coil, electromagnetic wire
Circle generates magnetism, and electromagnetic block is driven to move downward, and taps hammer at this time and moves downward；As the current input terminal port to electromagnetic coil
When upper input low level, electromagnetic coil loses magnetism, and drives electromagnetic block to move upwards by spring, taps hammer at this time and moves upwards.
By applying the electric current of square-wave form all the way to coil, control taps the reciprocating motion of hammer.Control output height can also be passed through
The frequency of level controls percussion frequency.
Signal processing: signal conditioning module integral part is mainly completed by amplifier and DSP jointly.Piezoelectric transducer output
Faint differential signal after instrument amplifier amplifies, differential signal is transformed into single-ended signal, conducive to processor to signal
Acquisition and post-processing.In order to preferably obtain useful signal, when the percussion of the current input terminal port of electromagnetic coil drives letter
When number being rising edge, can be exactly by DSP clock one section of waveform of synchronous interception, this section of waveform tap required for us it is anti-
Feedback signal.Since probe taps the effect of concussion, there is small ripple in signal tail end, this causes very big to the processing in later period
Difficulty, so needing first to be filtered.In dsp, devise a bandpass filter, to the collected signal of DSP into
Row filtering, filters out the ripple of signal tail end, is obtained with the preferable signal of signal quality in this way.It is examined by an edge
Method of determining and calculating, detects the rising edge and failing edge of signal, and two data are subtracted each other it can be concluded that reacting the waveform of judgement material property
Width, and then come the unsticking journey that judges composite material to be measured.
The key step of detection algorithm is as follows:
(1) useful signal is obtained.Having by the signal that AD sampling is transferred to DSP is greatly garbage signal, so
Need to intercept one section of useful signal.When the percussion driving signal of the current input terminal port of electromagnetic coil is in rising edge, DSP is opened
The notice that begins AD, which acquires the signal of certain hits n and is transferred to dsp processor, to be further processed.
(2) it filters.Bandpass filter mainly filters out the ripple of signal tail end.Mainly using MATLAB and
CCS5.5 is designed filter.
1. filter generates: the FDATool tool of Calling MATLAB can complete design and analysis assessment of filter etc.
Function.After opening FDATool tool, it is defaulted as equiripple filter, designs the parameter of filter.
2. C language header file generates.When realizing FIR filter under CCS environment with C language, filter coefficient needs
It is added in engineering, the coefficient of generation is exactly added to engineering in the form of c language header file, principal function calls this document i.e.
It can.
(3) Edge check.1. initializing, a reference voltage V is preset0(triggering level), as edging trigger item
Part detects the presence of rising edge or failing edge.The position of each data after filtering processing is recorded, such as: first
Bit number is 0, and the second bit number is 1, and third bit number is 2, and so on, until n-1.2. comparing and Xi+1(i-th bit
Data value, 0≤i < n-2) and size, if Xi≤V0, and Xi+1>V0, then i-th bit is rising edge trigger point, and i value is stored
It in the array a for being 100 to a length, is denoted as a [cnt0], cnt0 adds one certainly；If Xi≥V0, and Xi+1<V0, then i-th bit be
Failing edge trigger point, and in the array b for being 100 to a length the storage of i value, it is denoted as b [cnt1], cnt1 adds one certainly；If
Xi≥V0, and Xi+1≥V0Or Xi≤V0, and Xi+1≤V0, then it can not judge, enable i=i+1, repeat comparison program 2.,
Until i=n-2, EP (end of program).3. taking out the maximum value Bmax in the minimum value Amax and array b in array a, and make the difference,
W=Bmax-Amax is obtained, W is exactly the waveform widths that can react judgement material property.
Main program: program is always divided into three parts: giving device power first, after powering on, equipment initialize each
Module；Followed by acquisition reference value.After clicking reference value on the screen, percussion detector is placed on one piece of standard and surveys part
Top obtains the waveform widths of plate of material under normal circumstances；It is finally execution part.Piezoelectric sensing is read in while circulation
The characteristic pulsewidth of device output, according to X=(sampled value-reference value)/reference value * 100 algorithmic formula, if the value of X less than 10,
It is normal to be then expressed as test point, green light, without unsticking；For the value of X 10 to 20, test point is warning, and amber light lights；When X's
Value is defect within the scope of 10 to 45, and red light lights, while buzzer warning sounds, and the value of X is then lacked 45 or more to be serious
It falls into, serious unsticking, red light light herein, while buzzer warning.
Man-machine interface: the percussion frequency of electromagnet can be completed on touch screen, can be by pressing setting button, can be with
It is 2/4/8/16HZ that setting, which taps speed 11, and the design powers on default setting 2HZ；Button is arranged in sample mean number 12, can be with
It carries out 1/2/4/8 sample mean number respectively according to the speed of percussion to make a decision, powers on default sample product mean setting 1；The design
Can there are two types of operating mode, it is de- be stained with kernel detection pattern, de- be stained with is that detection the de- of cellular composite material is stained with defect, and kernel is then
It is the interior nuclear state for detecting material, powers on to be defaulted as taking off and be stained with defects detection.Display control is divided into sampled value 5, reference value shows 6,
7 real-time display of sampling number samples control 5 for the de- of the acquisition of piezoelectric transducer and is stained with value real-time display, and reference value control 6 is then
The reference value of selected composite material, sampling number 7 are the record practical measuring point numbers of sensor；It simultaneously can be with real-time display on interface
Battery capacity 10 and the de- of honeycomb surface are stained with degree, de- to be stained with degree 4 and be shown with progress bar, de- to be stained with 4 size of degree green, Huang
Color, light red, peony respectively indicate the de- of honeycomb surface and are stained with that degree is normal, warning, defect, major defect；Start pause by
The beginning and pause of percussion can be set in button 8.Resetting 9 indicates detection of being resampled next time.Help button 15 can be helped
User is helped to obtain the details and some operation instructions of the equipment.
Embodiment:
Step 1: detected material is placed on experimental bench
Step 2: 3 are turned on the switch, starting device；
Step 3: parameter is arranged on the touchscreen, input taps speed 11, sample mean 12, operating mode 13；
Step 4: adjustment taps hammer away from detected member surface distance, guarantee to tap hammer at a distance from detected member surface
It taps within stroke distances
Reference is obtained Step 5: clicking on the touchscreen, detector is will hit against and is placed on above the lossless position of detected member, obtain
Obtain referential data.
Step 6: starting to detect, and observe result.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of hand-held taps detector, including taps hammer, drive module and microprocessor control unit, which is characterized in that
Tapping hammer includes electromagnetic coil, ferromagnetic block, metal frame, metal slide bar and spring and striking head；Striking head includes piezoelectric sensing
Device 7 and tup 9；Electromagnetic coil is fixed on metal frame bottom end, and spring is fixed on metal frame top, connects spring in ferromagnetic block, under connect
Metal slide bar, ferromagnetic block can move up and down in metal frame, and metal slide bar one end is from the electromagnetic coil for being fixed on metal frame lower end
Centre passes through, and is fixedly connected with ferromagnetic block, and the metal slide bar other end successively fixes piezoelectric transducer and synthetic plastic tup.Pressure
Electric transducer 7 is realized using multilayer piezoelectric bimorph；The pulse control signal that microprocessor generates is loaded by drive module in electricity
On magnetic coil, the on-off of electromagnetic coil is controlled to realize the reciprocating motion of metal slide bar, to drive electromagnetic block and tap hammer
Movement；The detection signal of piezoelectric transducer is admitted to microprocessor and carries out signal processing analysis, to detect it with the presence or absence of defect
With unsticking situation.
2. the detection method realized using detector described in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) one piece of cellular composite material standard specimen is sampled first, acquires the voltage waveform at zero defect；
(2) signal of piezoelectric transducer output is transformed into single-ended signal by amplifier isolation amplification, differential signal；
(3) one section of effective percussion feedback digital signal is obtained；
(4) digital signal is subjected to digital filtering processing, obtains one section of high-quality smooth signal；The wide W table of the wave of smooth signal
It gives instructions in reply the unsticking degree of condensation material；
(5) it repeats (1) to (4) repeatedly, takes unsticking degree of its average value W0 as standard specimen；
(6) it treats test block to be detected, repeats step (1) to (4), the wide W1 of the signal wave of test specimen to be measured is obtained, by W1 and W0
It compares, difference is bigger, and expression unsticking degree is more severe, and smaller expression quality is better.
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