CN109571962A - 电阻焊接纤维复合部件以得到纤维复合结构的方法、纤维复合结构和纤维复合部件 - Google Patents

电阻焊接纤维复合部件以得到纤维复合结构的方法、纤维复合结构和纤维复合部件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109571962A
CN109571962A CN201811143205.XA CN201811143205A CN109571962A CN 109571962 A CN109571962 A CN 109571962A CN 201811143205 A CN201811143205 A CN 201811143205A CN 109571962 A CN109571962 A CN 109571962A
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China
Prior art keywords
fiber
composite component
fiber composite
conductive
join domain
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CN201811143205.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
彼得·林德
诺贝特·黑尔奇
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Airbus Operations GmbH
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Publication of CN109571962A publication Critical patent/CN109571962A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3492—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic being carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3436—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising independent continuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3484—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic
    • B29C65/3496—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being non-metallic with a coating, e.g. a metallic or a carbon coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
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    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
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    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91216—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods enabling contactless temperature measurements, e.g. using a pyrometer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
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    • B29C66/91655—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating by controlling or regulating the current intensity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B64C1/12—Construction or attachment of skin panels
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/3408—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
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Abstract

本发明提供一种电阻焊接纤维复合部件以得到纤维复合结构的方法、纤维复合结构和纤维复合部件。所述电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件(1)以得到纤维复合结构的方法包括：将导电纤维(2)布置在两个纤维复合部件(1)的连接区域(5)内，其中，每根导电纤维(2)包括具有电绝缘涂层的碳纤维；使电流通过导电纤维(2)，以将连接区域(5)加热到焊接温度并使连接区域(5)中的纤维复合部件(1)熔化；和使连接区域(5)硬化，以通过连接区域(5)接合两个纤维复合部件(1)来得到纤维复合结构。

Description

电阻焊接纤维复合部件以得到纤维复合结构的方法、纤维复 合结构和纤维复合部件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电阻焊接纤维复合部件以得到纤维复合结构的方法。本发明还涉及该纤维复合结构，并且还涉及在该方法中使用的纤维复合部件。
本发明及其背后的问题将在客机方面进行详细说明，但能够用于各种应用中。所描述的方法和装置同样能够用于各种车辆并且用于运输工业的所有部门，例如，用于公路车辆、用于轨道车辆、用于许多不同类型的飞行器，或用于船只。此外，本发明的方法和装置能够用于生产许多不同类型的纤维复合部件。
背景技术
在现代飞行器构造中，飞行器的结构部件越来越多地由纤维复合材料制成，例如，由碳纤维增强塑料制成。在这方面，在相对近代已经考虑的可能性之一是例如在客机的机身结构中使用热塑性塑料。热塑性塑料易于在一定温度范围内变形，因此具有理想的焊接适应性。希望的是，使用热塑性塑料将使大型复杂结构部件的生产过程进一步自动化。
电阻焊接是导电材料的有利焊接方法，其使电流通过待焊接的连接区；然后电阻引起所述区域的加热。因此，能够在连接区的区域中将两个粘附物(adherend)加热到熔化温度，从而在所述粘附物之间形成连贯的接合。通过使用力和/或压力将粘附物在连接区中挤压在一起，能够另外改善焊接接合。电阻焊接的一个优点是不需要外部热源，热量仅被特定地引入局部限定的连接区域中。对于精确的方法而言，有利的是使在连接区中温度分布的均匀性(即，电阻的均匀性)最大化。
有多种方法可用于将该焊接程序应用于纤维复合部件。这里通常有利的是使用具有适当耐热性和足够的电化学相容性(即，与纤维复合材料的相容性)的合适的导电材料。在一种电阻焊接方法中，金属网格能被放置在两个粘附物之间的连接区域中，然后使电流通过所述网格。在这种方法中，金属网格因此保留在焊接结构中。因此，金属网格增加了所得纤维复合部件的重量，并在纤维复合部件的结构中产生不连续性。在另一种方法中，碳纤维能够作为导电部件被引入到连接区域中。从结构的角度来看，该解决方案特别为碳纤维增强纤维复合部件的情况提供了优势，因为这在任何情况下都已经包含碳纤维，因此允许将发热碳纤维永久结合到结构中。如果导电碳纤维与结构碳纤维接触，则在该方法中能够产生漏电流，该漏电流又能够导致热量传递到部件中。
Leijonmarck等人的《复合科学与技术》89期，149-157页，2013年的“用于结构和新颖微电池的固体聚合物电解质涂覆的碳纤维”的文件和Asp等人的2015年7月19日至24日在哥本哈根召开的《第20届复合材料国际会议》的“结构电池复合材料的实现”的文件(Leijonmarck et al.,“Solid polymer electrolyte-coated carbon fibres forstructural and novel micro batteries,”Composites Science and Technology,89,149-157,2013and Asp et al.,“REALISATION OF STRUCTURAL BATTERY COMPOSITEMATERIALS,”20th International Conference on Composite Materials,Copenhagen,July 19-24,2015)描述了涂覆的碳纤维在结构电池(即，例如车辆的集成到纤维复合结构中的电池)中的应用。碳纤维具有通过电化学浴(典型的碳纤维直径为约6微米至7微米)进行施加的厚度为几百纳米的固体聚合物-电解质涂层。该涂层尤其具有电绝缘效果，并且仅使纤维直径增加了约1微米。这种涂层能够承受700℃以上的温度。
发明内容
鉴于上述情况，本发明是基于找到热塑性纤维-复合部件的电阻焊接的改进方案的目的。
根据本发明，所述目的通过具有如下所述的特征的方法，通过具有如下所述的特征的纤维复合结构，通过具有如下所述的特征的飞行器或航天器，以及通过具有如下所述的特征的纤维复合部件来实现。
因此，本发明提供了一种用于电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件以得到纤维复合结构的方法。所述方法包括将导电纤维布置在两个纤维复合部件的连接区域内，其中，每根导电纤维包括具有电绝缘涂层的碳纤维。所述方法还包括使电流通过所述导电纤维，以将所述连接区域加热到焊接温度并将所述连接区域中的纤维复合部件熔化。该方法还包括使所述连接区域硬化，以通过所述连接区域接合两个纤维复合部件来得到纤维复合结构。
此外，提供了一种通过本发明的方法生产的纤维复合结构。
此外，提供了一种包括本发明的纤维复合结构的飞行器或航天器。
此外，提供了一种在本发明的方法中使用的纤维复合部件。所述纤维复合部件包括导电纤维，该导电纤维被集成到所述纤维复合材料部件的连接区域中的纤维复合材料部件中，使至少各导电纤维的端部从所述纤维复合材料部件中突出，其中，每根导电纤维包括具有电绝缘涂层的碳纤维。
本发明的基本概念在于使用涂覆的碳纤维作为用于电阻焊接纤维复合部件(例如，具有由塑料制成的基体和通过所述基体的碳纤维的部件)的电导体。例如，导电纤维能够放置在两个纤维复合部件之间。然后，能够将电源施加到光纤的端部，以便使加热电流通过光纤。在另一个实例中，能够提供导电纤维，因为它们已被集成到一个或两个纤维复合部件中，其中仅导电纤维的端部从各纤维复合部件中突出。在该实例中，一旦已经适当地布置两个纤维复合部件，则能够再次将电流引入导电纤维中。借助于导电纤维的电绝缘涂层，可以显著减少或者实际上完全避免漏电流或类似效应的发生，因为现在很容易使纤维在没有任何产生的漏电流或实际上短路的情况下彼此接触。因此，能够使热损失最小化，并且绝大部分避免热损失。通过包括以相对低的成本和有效的产量地大规模制造的方法，这些用于碳纤维的涂层能够被生产具有延伸到高于700℃的非常高的耐热性。因此，可能性(possibilities)包括焊接热塑性塑料，特别是适用于飞行器和航天器领域的热塑性塑料。举例来说，因此可以容易地焊接熔点高于300℃的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。本发明的另一个优点在于，导电纤维的碳纤维能够直接用作纤维复合组件的增强纤维，并且在一定程度上形成这些纤维的天然成分，而不会产生不连续性或电化学反应。此外，能够优化电绝缘涂层的选择，以避免对粘合性能的不利影响，即导电纤维的粘合性能类似于未涂覆的碳纤维的粘合性能。
在其他实施方式中以及在参考附图的描述中找到本发明的有利实施方式和进一步改进。
根据进一步的改进，所述布置能够包括将纤维复合部件放置成在连接面(jointing area)处彼此尽可能最接近地接触。因此，纤维复合部件在所述连接面处彼此焊接，以形成高阶纤维复合结构。在这里可能的是，纤维复合部件的形状已经彼此匹配，以使它们必须仅彼此接触(可能具有位于其间的碳纤维)以实现高质焊接(例如，没有额外地将纤维复合部件彼此挤压)。
至少一部分导电纤维能够布置在两个纤维复合部件之间的连接面中。举例来说，由涂覆的碳纤维制成的纺织品能被放置在两个纤维复合部件中的一个纤维复合部件上，然后另一个纤维复合部件能被放置在纺织品和位于其下的纤维复合部件上。纺织品能够进行构造，以使碳纤维的端部(即它们各自的两个端部)从纤维复合部件中突出，从而将电源连接到端部。
根据进一步的改进，至少一部分所述导电纤维集成到所述连接区域中的两个纤维复合部件中的至少一个中，使至少各导电纤维的端部从相应的纤维复合部件中突出。因此，有利地可能的是，导电纤维例如在制造纤维复合部件期间直接集成到纤维复合部件中。原则上，导电纤维能够在纤维复合的生产中以与常规使用的未涂覆的碳纤维完全相同的方式进行加工和处理。此外，导电纤维确实能够直接用作纤维复合部件的增强纤维。然而，原则上同样可能的是，延迟将导电纤维集成到纤维复合部件中，直到制造之后的后续连接，例如，将能够引入导电纤维的通道开口设置在复合部件中。导电纤维能够有利地在表面附近的周边处集成到纤维复合部件中。因此，能够根据随后在电阻焊接期间使用的连接区域来优化集成方式。举例来说，导电纤维能够在表面附近集成到纤维复合部件中并且基本上与其平行，其中该表面能够随后用作连接面。
根据进一步的改进，所述布置能够包括将两个纤维复合部件彼此挤压。然而，对于一些应用，同样足够的是，仅仅使两个纤维复合部件接触，例如通过在连接面处将一个纤维复合部件放置在另一个纤维复合部件上。然而，在一些应用中，通过使用力或压力将纤维复合部件彼此挤压，能够改善焊接质量。特别地，因此可以确保两个纤维复合部件在整个连接面上紧密接触，并且在整个连接面上适当地实现并保持规定的焊接温度。
根据进一步的改进，所述导电纤维能够按照以下列组中的至少一种形式进行布置：束、带、垫、织造织物、非织造织物、无纬稀松布(laid scrim)和单纤维(individualfibres)等。原则上，所述导电纤维能够以本领域技术人员已知的各种变型进行布置或集成，并且从纤维复合部件的一般制造中可知。
根据进一步的改进，该方法还可以包括记录焊接温度。该方法还可以包括基于记录的焊接温度来调节电流。在这种进一步的改进中，通过导电纤维的电流能够在局部或全局地发生与规定焊接温度的偏差的情况下在任何时间进行适当的调节，例如由于在布置纤维复合部件期间材料缺陷或处理缺陷，等。
焊接温度能够通过热敏成像相机(thermographic camera)进行记录。举例来说，可以使用一个或多个热成像相机(thermal imaging camera)，其检测从光纤复合部件发射的红外辐射并将其转换成电信号。
焊接温度能够通过温度传感器进行记录。温度传感器能够集成到纤维复合部件中。集成的温度传感器提供的优点是：温度能够在连接区域或连接面或至少在其附近直接进行测量。因此，可以获得焊接过程的非常逼真的图像，并且可以使用该图像来优化所述过程的调节。
根据进一步的改进，焊接温度能够至少对应于聚醚醚酮的熔点。特别地，焊接温度能够设定为高于300℃或实际高于380℃，例如，400℃或高于400℃，从而确保聚醚醚酮(PEEK)熔化。PEEK是一种具有非常高熔点的热塑性塑料，而且特别是在飞行器和航天器领域中具有优势。
根据该方法的进一步改进，能够使用具有聚合物-电解质涂层作为电绝缘涂层的导电纤维。因此，根据纤维复合部件的进一步改进，电绝缘涂层能够构造成聚合物-电解质涂层，特别是固体聚合物-电解质涂层。举例来说，聚合物-电解质涂层能够包括甲氧基聚乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯。这些聚合物-电解质涂层的耐热性能够延伸到至少700℃，同时涂层提供优异的粘合到纤维增强部件(例如，碳纤维增强热塑性塑料)的粘合性能。
根据进一步的改进，电绝缘涂层能够具有0.1微米至1微米的厚度。特别地，电绝缘涂层能够具有0.5微米的厚度。碳纤维可以例如具有6微米至7微米的直径，因此导电纤维的最终直径为约7微米至8微米。
只要这是有用的，上述实施方式和进一步的改进能够以任何期望的方式彼此组合。本发明的其他可能的实施方式、进一步的改进和实施还包括本发明的特征的未明确提及的组合，其在上文或下文中与本发明实施例有关。特别地，本领域技术人员还将添加各个方面作为对本发明的相应基本形式的改进或补充。
下面参考附图中提供的本发明实施例，对本发明进行更详细的解释。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的在电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件的方法中使用的导电纤维的示意性截面图；
图2是具有对应于图1的导电纤维位于其间的纤维复合部件的示意性透视图；
图3是根据本发明的另一个实施方式的在电阻焊接的方法中使用的纤维复合部件的示意性透视图；
图4是图2或图3中使用的电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件的方法的流程图；和
图5是具有由图4的方法生产的纤维复合结构的飞行器的示意性侧视图。
附图标记
1 纤维复合部件 10 纤维复合结构
2 导电纤维 100 飞行器
3 碳纤维 M 方法
4 电绝缘涂层 M1 方法步骤
5 连接区域 M2 方法步骤
6 连接面 M3 方法步骤
7 热成像相机 M4 方法步骤
8 温度传感器 M5 方法步骤
具体实施方式
附图旨在提高对本发明实施例的理解。它们示出了实施方式，并用于结合说明书来解释本发明的原理和概念。其他实施例和许多所提到的优点，从附图中来看，是显而易见的。附图的元件未必以彼此相对的真实比例示出。
除非另有说明，否则在每种情况下相同或功能或具有相同效果相同的元件，特征和部件在附图中具有相同的附图标记。
图1是根据本发明的一个实施方式的用于电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件1的方法M中使用的导电纤维2的示意性截面图。
导电纤维2包括碳纤维3，其具有电绝缘涂层4。电绝缘涂层4被配置成固体聚合物-电解质涂层。此类电化学涂层能够例如通过将碳纤维3浸入合适的电化学浴中来制备。在一个具体实例中，涂层能够通过聚合甲氧基聚乙二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯的来实现。举例来说，碳纤维3能够具有6微米至7微米的直径。此类固体聚合物-电解质涂层能够配置成非常薄，例如具有0.5微米的厚度，导电纤维2的最终总直径为约7微米至8微米。此类涂层能够承受700℃以上的温度，因此非常适合焊接热塑性塑料，诸如PEEK。
这种配置的导电纤维2为在电阻焊接方法中的应用提供了许多优点。首先，导电纤维2在结构及其与纤维复合材料的相容性方面的性能与传统的碳纤维相似。因此，它能够地容易用作纤维复合部件中的增强纤维，或者集成到纤维复合部件中，而不会发生任何不希望的反应。其次，固体聚合物-电解质涂层被配置成电绝缘体，其能够使导电纤维2与其他导电纤维2电绝缘，而不会在多个导电纤维2之间出现漏电流和/或短路，电流流过所导电纤维2并且邻近导电纤维2。此外，此类导电纤维2具有对焊接PEEK而言足够的耐热性。下面参照其他附图，说明这种导电纤维2在用于电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件1的方法M中的有利用途。
为此，图2是具有图1中所示的导电纤维2的纤维复合部件1的示意性透视图，而图4是电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件1的相应方法M的流程图。
纤维复合部件1能够例如具有由热塑性塑料制成的基体，并且由大量碳纤维增强。例如，热塑性塑料能够例如是聚醚醚酮(PEEK)，其能够具有约380℃的非常高的熔点。两个纤维复合部件1在图2中纯粹示意性地描绘为相同构造的矩形块。在特定用途中，纤维复合部件1能够例如是用于飞行器100(例如客机，参见图5)机身的结构部件。纤维复合部件1在连接区域5中已被布置在另一纤维复合部件之上，并且大量导电纤维2以片状网格状布置被设置在纤维复合部件1之间的连接面6中。在这里，导电纤维2从连接区域5中横向突出。纤维复合部件1和导电纤维2的这种布置仅仅是一个实例。原则上，本领域技术人员能够引入适于特定用途的导电纤维2，其按照以片状布置或任何其他类型布置的以下列组中的至少一种形式进行布置：束、带、垫、织造织物、非织造织物、无纬稀松布和单纤维等。
因此，方法M包括：作为M1，将导电纤维2布置在两个纤维复合部件1的连接区域5内(参见图4)，其中，使纤维复合部件1在连接面6处彼此尽可能最接近地接触，并且至少一部分导电纤维2布置在两个纤维复合部件1之间的连接面6中。该方法M还包括：作为M2，使电流通过所述导电纤维2，以将所述连接区域5加热到焊接温度并将所述连接区域5中的纤维复合部件1熔化。为此，例如可以将来自连接区域5外部的电源连接到导电纤维2。此外，能够使用力和/或压力将两个纤维复合部件1彼此挤压，以便有助于部件的粘合和使温度分布的均匀性最大化，并且分别保证纤维复合部件1在整个连接面6上紧密接触。
此外，方法M能够包括：作为M3，记录焊接温度；作为M4，基于记录的焊接温度来调节电流。为此，在该实施方式的实例中，提供了热敏成像照相机7，例如热成像相机，其连续记录焊接温度，以允许在适当时若温度偏离所需温度则局部或全局调节电流。因为PEEK在该情况中用作热塑性塑料，所以必须注意焊接温度至少超过PEEK的熔点。可以清楚地用作工艺温度的焊接温度的实例是约400℃。
最后，该方法包括：作为M5，使连接区域5硬化，以使两个纤维复合部件1通过连接区域5接合以得到纤维复合结构10。能够去除导电纤维2的突出端。该纤维复合结构10例如能够是飞行器100的高阶结构部件。图5以举例方式示出了飞行器100，其中已经引入了通过本方法M生产的纤维复合结构10，例如，加强元件、桁条(stringer)、横梁(crossmember)、外皮部分(external skin section)、顶板(ceiling panel)、地板(floor panel)和/或墙板(wall panel)等。
借助于所描述的方法M，因此可以通过有效的且能容易自动化的电阻焊接方法，由两个纤维复合部件1制造纤维复合结构10。具有由碳纤维3制成的芯的导电纤维2在此用作电流导体(即，用作产生焊接用热量的电阻的提供者)，各个导电纤维2通过电绝缘涂层4彼此绝缘。因此，防止了漏电流和不希望的热损失。不需要使用金属网格或类似的不利材料。相反，使用具有高相容性涂层的碳纤维3，并且它们能够粘合到纤维复合部件1中而没有任何不利的结果，而且能够充当增强所述部件。
图3是根据本发明的另一个实施方式的在电阻焊接的方法M中使用的纤维复合部件1的示意性透视图。
与图2中所示的实施方式不同，在该实例中，导电纤维2已经在连接区域5中集成到纤维复合部件1中，以使这些的端部从纤维复合部件1中突出。在图3中，导电纤维2例如纯粹布置成在相应的纤维复合部件1的表面附近彼此平行并且并排。在该实施方式中，该表面用作连接面6，其中，在电流通过导电纤维2之前，两个纤维复合部件1放置成尽可能最接近地接触(参见图3中的箭头)。举例来说，导电纤维2能够在制造所述部件期间直接集成到纤维复合部件1中，并且能够提供增强。然而，原则上同样可能的是，延迟将导电纤维2集成到纤维复合部件1中，直到制造之后的后续连接。一旦纤维复合部件1被放置成彼此尽可能接触，则将电流引入导电纤维2中，然后通过该电流将纤维复合部件1彼此焊接在一起。在该实施方式中，焊接温度能够例如通过温度传感器8进行记录，温度传感器8分别集成到导电纤维2附近的纤维复合部件1中并且因此能够直接在连接区域5中确定温度。在使连接区域5的M5硬化之后，能够去除导电纤维2的突出端，例如，通过切割。
原则上，本发明不限于所描述的实施方式。举例来说，图2和图3中的两个实施方式能够彼此组合，以使一部分导电纤维2能够布置在纤维复合部件1之间，而另一部分导电纤维2能够在制造过程中集成到纤维复合部件1中。
为了简明起见，在上面的详细描述中的一个或多个实例中将各种特征结合在一起。然而，这里应该清楚的是，以上描述仅仅是说明性的，而绝不是限制性的。它用于涵盖各种功能和发明实施例的所有替代、修改和等同物。在考虑以上描述之后，本领域技术人员将基于人的技术知识立即并直接设想许多其他实例。
已经选择并描述了本发明实施例，目的是提供对本发明基本原理的最佳可能描述以及实际使用所述原理的可能性。因此，本领域技术人员能够优化本发明的修改和应用，以及与预期应用相关的各种本发明实施例。在权利要求书以及说明书中，词语“包括”(including)和“具有”(having)用作具有“包括”(comprising)的中性词。此外，词语“一”(a)和“一个”(one)的使用原则上不旨在排除多个如此描述的特征和部件。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于电阻焊接两个纤维复合部件(1)以得到纤维复合结构(10)的方法(M)，包括：
布置步骤(M1)，将导电纤维(2)布置在两个纤维复合部件(1)的连接区域(5)内，其中，每根导电纤维(2)包括具有电绝缘涂层(4)的碳纤维(3)；
电流通过步骤(M2)，使电流通过所述导电纤维(2)，以将所述连接区域(5)加热到焊接温度并将所述连接区域(5)中的纤维复合部件(1)熔化；以及
硬化步骤(M5)，使所述连接区域(5)硬化，以通过所述连接区域(5)接合两个纤维复合部件(1)来得到所述纤维复合结构(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法(M)，其中，所述布置步骤(M1)包括将所述纤维复合部件(1)放置成在连接面(6)处彼此尽可能最接近地接触。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法(M)，其中，至少一部分所述导电纤维(2)布置在所述两个纤维复合部件(1)之间的连接面(6)中。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法(M)，其中，至少一部分所述导电纤维(2)集成到所述连接区域(5)中的两个纤维复合部件(1)中的至少一个中，使至少各导电纤维(2)的端部从相应的纤维复合部件(1)中突出。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法(M)，其中，所述布置步骤(M1)包括将所述两个纤维复合部件(1)彼此挤压。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法(M)，其中，所述导电纤维(2)按照以下列组中的至少一种形式进行布置：束、带、垫、织造织物、非织造织物、无纬稀松布和单根的纤维。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法(M)，还包括：
记录步骤(M3)，记录所述焊接温度；以及
调节步骤(M4)，基于记录的焊接温度调节所述电流。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法(M)，其中，所述焊接温度由热敏成像相机(7)记录。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法(M)，其中，所述焊接温度由集成到所述纤维复合部件(1)中的温度传感器(8)记录。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法(M)，其中，所述焊接温度至少对应于聚醚醚酮的熔点。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法(M)，其中，所使用的导电纤维(2)具有作为电绝缘涂层(4)的聚合物-电解质涂层。
12.一种通过根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法生产的纤维复合结构(10)。
13.一种具有根据权利要求12所述的纤维复合结构(10)的飞行器或航天器(100)。
14.一种在根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法(M)中使用的纤维复合部件(1)，包括：
导电纤维(2)，所述导电纤维(2)被集成到所述纤维复合部件(1)的连接区域(5)中的纤维复合部件(1)中，使至少各导电纤维(2)的端部从所述纤维复合部件(1)中突出，其中，每根导电纤维(2)包括具有电绝缘涂层(4)的碳纤维(3)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的纤维复合部件(1)，其中，所述电绝缘涂层配置成聚合物-电解质涂层。
CN201811143205.XA 2017-09-28 2018-09-28 电阻焊接纤维复合部件以得到纤维复合结构的方法、纤维复合结构和纤维复合部件 Pending CN109571962A (zh)

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