CN109567078B - 一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺 - Google Patents
一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L17/00—Food-from-the-sea products; Fish products; Fish meal; Fish-egg substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
- A23L5/276—Treatment with inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,包括以下步骤:(1)剖片;(2)去腥;(3)预脱水;(4)挂浆;(5)定形;(6)调汁;(7)浸卤;(8)包装杀菌。本发明提供了一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,工艺步骤简单,可操作性强,生产周期短,得到的产品外形平整,口感酥软,香辣多汁,携带、食用方便,为梅童鱼的深加工提供了一种新途径,有利于提高梅童鱼的经济价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产加工技术领域,尤其是涉及一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺。
背景技术
梅童鱼,属石首鱼科,石首鱼属,是我国海洋捕捞的重要品种,产量较大,价格便宜。现在梅童鱼和其它低值鱼类一起一般作为饵料或者鱼粉加工的原料,产品附加值低廉。因此,对梅童鱼进行深加工对于提高梅童鱼的经济价值具有重大意义。
例如,专利申请号CN2016100932560的中国专利公开了一种以海捕梅童鱼为原材料的休闲食品制备方法,以本港海捕梅童鱼为原材料,经初加工、漂洗、浸泡护色、真空浸渍渗透、排帘、冷风干燥、起片回潮、真空低温油炸制成。该制备方法存在以下缺陷:(1)梅童鱼肉质鲜嫩,鱼肉肌纤维短,在干燥或者油炸时表面易开裂并产生碎屑,外观品质差,加工成品率低;(2)采用冷风干燥,干燥速度不均匀,鱼片极易发生卷曲,而且会造成鱼片表面硬化,油炸后口感坚硬;(3)在干燥时鱼片易与烘盘、钢丝网等发生粘连,不易揭片;(4)生产周期长,尤其是冷风干燥需7~8h,回潮则需7天以上;(5)真空油炸时间最后的产品形体干瘪,不饱满,组织粗硬,口感较差。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决现有技术的梅童鱼休闲食品制备方法所存在的上述技术问题,提供了一种工艺步骤简单,可操作性强,生产周期短的香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,得到的产品外形平整,口感酥软,香辣多汁,携带、食用方便,为梅童鱼的深加工提供了一种新途径,有利于提高梅童鱼的经济价值。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明的一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)剖片:将梅童鱼去头、去内脏、去鳞、去鳍后,自鱼体上部沿脊椎骨向下剖开,将鱼体分为两半,用清水洗净后沥干,得鱼片,待用。梅童鱼最好选用新鲜梅童鱼,梅童鱼脊骨剔除,清洗时需将鱼腹部内的黑膜完全去除以减少腥味,剖片时注意保持鱼片完整。
(2)去腥:将鱼片置于去腥液中浸泡后,用清水漂洗干净,沥干。浸泡去腥,浸出的血污易附着在鱼片表面,只采用清水漂洗,漂洗时间长,浪费清水,且去腥效果差,易造成鱼肉膨润,因此本发明采用先用去腥液浸泡再用清水漂洗的去腥方式,既保证了去腥效果,又保证了去腥效率。
(3)预脱水:在鱼片中加入腌渍料进行腌渍,腌渍后沥干。对鱼片进行腌渍以使鱼片适度脱水,梅童鱼鱼肉的肌纤维较短,在油炸时鱼肉受热会散开,适度的脱水能使梅童鱼鱼肉收紧,在油炸时不易散开,从而保持形态完整,另外,腌渍以使鱼片入味。
(4)挂浆:将步骤(3)中的鱼片置于裹糊中进行挂浆,使鱼片表面均匀沾上一层裹糊。裹糊在油炸时能形成外裹层,外裹层起到壳体的作用,能避免鱼片发生卷曲,同时能最大限度地保持鱼片内部水分,使鱼片保持柔嫩。
(5)定形:将挂浆后的鱼片置于150~160℃的食用油中浸炸10~15s后捞出控油冷却,再置于210~220℃的食用油中复炸3~5s,捞出控油。本发明中,挂浆后的鱼片现用较低温度(150~160℃)的食用油浸炸10~15s,使裹糊受热形成面筋网络(外裹层)包裹于鱼片外,同时使鱼片熟化,再用较高温度(210~220℃)的食用油中复炸3~5s以使外裹层硬化,不易碎裂,复炸油温及时间非常重要,否则极易造成鱼片老化或者炸焦。
(6)调汁:以重量份计,将50~60份水,3~5份生抽,1~3份辣椒粉,5~10份白糖,5~10份料酒,0.3~0.5份味精,5~10份植物油,1~3份姜汁混合均匀,得料汁。本发明的产品口味为香辣,植物油能改善本发明的色泽,使其表面带有均匀的光泽,改善外观品质;辣味在本发明产品的口味中占主要地位,因此添加了辣椒粉,为使本发明产品的辣味过于辣口,本发明中添加了白糖进行调味,白糖既能提鲜,又能抵消辣椒粉的部分辣味,使本发明的产品具有辣味的同时又不会过度辣口,但白糖不能过量,否则会使本发明的产品口味整体偏甜,出现变味。通过各种调味料的合理搭配,能使本发明的产品具有较好的风味。
(7)浸卤:将料汁加热至沸腾后,加入步骤(5)中定型后的鱼片,鱼片完全浸没于料汁中,小火微沸10~15min,捞出冷却。通过浸卤以使鱼片充分入味,同时以使本发明的产品获得酥软的口感。
(8)包装杀菌:将步骤(7)中的鱼片按所需规格装入包装袋中,真空封口,杀菌,即得香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头产品。
作为优选,步骤(1)中,鱼片长度为5~7cm,鱼片宽度为2~4cm,鱼片厚度为3~5mm。
作为优选,步骤(2)中,鱼片与去腥液的质量比为1:(7~10),去腥液由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:1~3%紫苏提取物,20~30%乙醇,1~2%碳酸氢钠,余量为水。碳酸氢钠和食盐能溶出鱼肉中的血红蛋白、部分脂质和水溶性的腥味蛋白质,碳酸氢钠还能去除鱼片表面的粘液;乙醇有利于鱼肉脂质的酯化,加快腥味成分的溶出,同时使鱼片表面脱水,形成较为紧密的肌肉组织,避免后续清水漂洗时鱼肉产生膨润,有利于鱼片的漂洗;紫苏提取物具有抑菌和掩味去腥的作用,能抑制微生物分解脂肪产生腥味。通过本发明的去腥液对鱼片进行浸泡,可最大限度地降低鱼片的腥味和提高鱼片肉质质量。
作为优选,浸泡时间为10~15min,浸泡温度为5~10℃,浸泡的具体步骤为:浸泡期间每隔2~3min向去腥液中通入臭氧对去腥液进行搅拌,并使去腥液中臭氧浓度保持在2~2.5mg/L。浸泡温度非常重要,过高鱼片会发生膨润,加工时会产生较多碎屑,过低则去腥效果较差。本发明中在浸泡时间歇通入臭氧对去腥液进行搅拌,可避免对鱼片造成损伤,臭氧可氧化鱼片中的挥发性腥味物质,从而提高去腥效果,臭氧浓度过高,会对鳀鱼鱼片的形态造成破坏,综合考虑,本发明中去腥液中臭氧浓度保持在2~2.5mg/L。
作为优选,步骤(3)中,腌渍温度为5~10℃,腌渍时间为1~2h,以鱼片总质量为基准,所述腌渍料由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:1~3%海藻糖,3~5%食盐,0.001~0.002%迷迭香酚。本发明通过腌渍料主要是使鱼片适度脱水,其中迷迭香酚具有抑菌作用,能避免在腌渍时鱼片发生变质,同时迷迭香酚具有较强的抗氧化活性,能防止油脂氧化,从而能有效避免油炸过程中鱼片的氧化;海藻糖能加快腌渍过程的渗透压,加快腌渍料渗入鱼片中,从而缩短腌渍时间,同时由于海藻糖具有多羟基的分子结构,在腌渍过程中能很好地与鱼片中的自由水分子相结合,降低水分活度,在油炸时减少水的损失,从而保证鱼片柔嫩多汁。
作为优选,步骤(4)中,所述裹糊由以下重量份的组分制成:450~500份低筋面粉,120~150份马铃薯粉,20~25份泡打粉,50~60份植物油,2~3份卡拉胶,600~700份清水。本发明中的裹糊为湿糊,添加适量的卡拉胶以改善本发明的粘稠度,使得裹糊可以均匀沾在鱼片上,不出现挂糊现象;在裹糊中添加植物油,油炸时鱼片易散开,从而有效避免鱼片在油炸时不易分散出现粘连的问题;通过低筋面粉与马铃薯淀粉的合理配比,在油炸时不易散开,形成的外裹层口感松脆且不会过硬;泡打粉则使得形成的面筋网络(外裹层)孔隙均匀,浸卤时更易入味。
作为优选,步骤(7)中,鱼片与料汁的质量比为1:(5~10)。
作为优选,步骤(8)中,杀菌具体步骤为:在杀菌锅中高温反压杀菌,杀菌公式为15min-20min-15min/118℃反压冷却。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:提供了一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,工艺步骤简单,可操作性强,生产周期短,得到的产品外形平整,口感酥软,香辣多汁,携带、食用方便,为梅童鱼的深加工提供了一种新途径,有利于提高梅童鱼的经济价值。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
实施例1
(1)剖片:将梅童鱼去头、去内脏、去鳞、去鳍后,自鱼体上部沿脊椎骨向下剖开,将鱼体分为两半,用清水洗净后沥干,经修片后得长度为7cm、宽度为4cm、厚度为5mm的鱼片,待用;
(2)去腥:将鱼片置于去腥液中浸泡15min后,用清水漂洗干净,沥干,鱼片与去腥液的质量比为1:10,浸泡温度为10℃,浸泡的具体步骤为:浸泡期间每隔3min向去腥液中通入臭氧对去腥液进行搅拌,并使去腥液中臭氧浓度保持在2~2.5mg/L,去腥液由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:3%紫苏提取物,30%乙醇,2%碳酸氢钠,余量为水;
(3)预脱水:在鱼片中加入腌渍料进行腌渍,腌渍后沥干,腌渍温度为10℃,腌渍时间为1h,以鱼片总质量为基准,腌渍料由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:3%海藻糖,5%食盐,0.002%迷迭香酚;
(4)挂浆:将步骤(3)中的鱼片置于裹糊中进行挂浆,使鱼片表面均匀沾上一层裹糊,裹糊由以下重量配比的组分制成:500g低筋面粉,150g马铃薯粉,25g泡打粉,60g植物油,3g卡拉胶,700g清水;
(5)定形:将挂浆后的鱼片置于160℃的食用油中浸炸10s后捞出控油冷却,再置于220℃的食用油中复炸3s,捞出控油;
(6)调汁:以重量计,将60kg水,5kg生抽,3kg辣椒粉,10kg白糖,10kg料酒,0.5kg味精,10kg植物油,3kg姜汁混合均匀,得料汁;
(7)浸卤:将料汁加热至沸腾后,加入步骤(5)中定型后的鱼片,鱼片与料汁的质量比为1:10,鱼片完全浸没于料汁中,小火微沸15min,捞出冷却;
(8)包装杀菌:将步骤(7)中的鱼片按所需规格装入包装袋中,真空封口,杀菌,即得香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头产品,杀菌具体步骤为:在杀菌锅中高温反压杀菌,杀菌公式为15min-20min-15min/118℃反压冷却。
实施例2
(1)剖片:将梅童鱼去头、去内脏、去鳞、去鳍后,自鱼体上部沿脊椎骨向下剖开,将鱼体分为两半,用清水洗净后沥干,经修片后得长度为5cm、宽度为2cm、厚度为3mm的鱼片,待用;
(2)去腥:将鱼片置于去腥液中浸泡10min后,用清水漂洗干净,沥干,鱼片与去腥液的质量比为1:7,浸泡温度为5℃,浸泡的具体步骤为:浸泡期间每隔2min向去腥液中通入臭氧对去腥液进行搅拌,并使去腥液中臭氧浓度保持在2~2.5mg/L,去腥液由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:1%紫苏提取物,20%乙醇,1%碳酸氢钠,余量为水;
(3)预脱水:在鱼片中加入腌渍料进行腌渍,腌渍后沥干,腌渍温度为5℃,腌渍时间为2h,以鱼片总质量为基准,腌渍料由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:1%海藻糖,3%食盐,0.001%迷迭香酚;
(4)挂浆:将步骤(3)中的鱼片置于裹糊中进行挂浆,使鱼片表面均匀沾上一层裹糊,裹糊由以下重量配比的组分制成:450g低筋面粉,120g马铃薯粉,20g泡打粉,50g植物油,2g卡拉胶,600g清水;
(5)定形:将挂浆后的鱼片置于150℃的食用油中浸炸15s后捞出控油冷却,再置于210℃的食用油中复炸5s,捞出控油;
(6)调汁:以重量计,将50kg水,3kg生抽,1kg辣椒粉,5kg白糖,5kg料酒,0.3kg味精,5kg植物油,1kg姜汁混合均匀,得料汁;
(7)浸卤:将料汁加热至沸腾后,加入步骤(5)中定型后的鱼片,鱼片与料汁的质量比为1:5,鱼片完全浸没于料汁中,小火微沸10min,捞出冷却;
(8)包装杀菌:将步骤(7)中的鱼片按所需规格装入包装袋中,真空封口,杀菌,即得香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头产品,杀菌具体步骤为:在杀菌锅中高温反压杀菌,杀菌公式为15min-20min-15min/118℃反压冷却。
实施例3
(1)剖片:将梅童鱼去头、去内脏、去鳞、去鳍后,自鱼体上部沿脊椎骨向下剖开,将鱼体分为两半,用清水洗净后沥干,经修片后得长度为6cm、宽度为3cm、厚度为4mm的鱼片,待用;
(2)去腥:将鱼片置于去腥液中浸泡12min后,用清水漂洗干净,沥干,鱼片与去腥液的质量比为1:8,浸泡温度为7℃,浸泡的具体步骤为:浸泡期间每隔2.5min向去腥液中通入臭氧对去腥液进行搅拌,并使去腥液中臭氧浓度保持在2~2.5mg/L,去腥液由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:2%紫苏提取物,25%乙醇,1.5%碳酸氢钠,余量为水;
(3)预脱水:在鱼片中加入腌渍料进行腌渍,腌渍后沥干,腌渍温度为8℃,腌渍时间为1.5h,以鱼片总质量为基准,腌渍料由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:2%海藻糖,4%食盐,0.0015%迷迭香酚;
(4)挂浆:将步骤(3)中的鱼片置于裹糊中进行挂浆,使鱼片表面均匀沾上一层裹糊,裹糊由以下重量配比的组分制成:480g低筋面粉,130g马铃薯粉,22g泡打粉,55g植物油,2.5g卡拉胶,650g清水;
(5)定形:将挂浆后的鱼片置于155℃的食用油中浸炸12s后捞出控油冷却,再置于215℃的食用油中复炸4s,捞出控油;
(6)调汁:以重量计,将55kg水,4kg生抽,2kg辣椒粉,8kg白糖,5~10kg料酒,0.4kg味精,8kg植物油,2kg姜汁混合均匀,得料汁;
(7)浸卤:将料汁加热至沸腾后,加入步骤(5)中定型后的鱼片,鱼片与料汁的质量比为1:7,鱼片完全浸没于料汁中,小火微沸13min,捞出冷却;
(8)包装杀菌:将步骤(7)中的鱼片按所需规格装入包装袋中,真空封口,杀菌,即得香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头产品,杀菌具体步骤为:在杀菌锅中高温反压杀菌,杀菌公式为15min-20min-15min/118℃反压冷却。
本发明得到的香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头质量指标如下:
一.感官指标
外形:外形平整,规格均匀一致,色泽为深黄色或黄褐色,体表带有均匀光泽,外裹层厚薄均匀,无明显碎屑;
风味:微辣,咸淡适中,回味带有甜味,回味绵长,具有梅童鱼的自然香味,无腥味及其他异味;
口感:外裹层带有韧性和弹性,外裹层中含有少量汤汁,鱼肉肉质柔嫩,口感好。
二.理化指标
蛋白质(%):≥65;脂肪(%):≥14;水分(%):≥20;灰分(%):≥8。
锡(mg/kg):≤200;铜(mg/kg):≤10;汞(mg/kg):≤0.05;砷(mg/kg):≤0.5;铅(mg/kg):≤1。
三.微生物指标
菌落总数(cfu/g):≤100;
大肠杆菌(MPN/100g):<30;
致病菌:未检出。
本发明供了一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,提高了梅童鱼的经济价值,丰富了市场供应,对促进梅童鱼的加工利用和渔业可持续发展具有重要意义,为梅童鱼的加工利用开辟了新途径,适合推广应用。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
Claims (6)
1.一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)剖片:将梅童鱼去头、去内脏、去鳞、去鳍后,自鱼体上部沿脊椎骨向下剖开,将鱼体分为两半,用清水洗净后沥干,得鱼片,待用;
(2)去腥:将鱼片置于的5~10℃去腥液中浸泡10~15min后,用清水漂洗干净,沥干;鱼片与去腥液的质量比为1:(7~10),去腥液由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:1~3%紫苏提取物,20~30%乙醇,1~2%碳酸氢钠,余量为水;
(3)预脱水:在鱼片中加入腌渍料进行腌渍,腌渍后沥干,以鱼片总质量为基准,所述腌渍料由以下质量百分含量的组分组成:1~3%海藻糖,3~5%食盐,0.001~0.002%迷迭香酚;
(4)挂浆:将步骤(3)中的鱼片置于裹糊中进行挂浆,使鱼片表面均匀沾上一层裹糊;所述裹糊由以下重量份的组分制成:450~500份低筋面粉,120~150份马铃薯粉,20~25份泡打粉,50~60份植物油,2~3份卡拉胶,600~700份清水;
(5)定形:将挂浆后的鱼片置于150~160℃的食用油中浸炸10~15s后捞出控油冷却,再置于210~220℃的食用油中复炸3~5s,捞出控油;
(6)调汁:以重量份计,将50~60份水,3~5份生抽,1~3份辣椒粉,5~10份白糖,5~10份料酒,0.3~0.5份味精,5~10份植物油,1~3份姜汁混合均匀,得料汁;
(7)浸卤:将料汁加热至沸腾后,加入步骤(5)中定型后的鱼片,鱼片完全浸没于料汁中,小火微沸10~15min,捞出冷却;
(8)包装杀菌:将步骤(7)中的鱼片按所需规格装入包装袋中,真空封口,杀菌,即得香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头产品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,鱼片长度为5~7cm,鱼片宽度为2~4cm,鱼片厚度为3~5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,浸泡期间每隔2~3min向去腥液中通入臭氧对去腥液进行搅拌,并使去腥液中臭氧浓度保持在2~2.5mg/L。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,腌渍温度为5~10℃,腌渍时间为1~2h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,鱼片与料汁的质量比为1:(5~10)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种香辣即食梅童鱼软罐头加工工艺,其特征在于,步骤(8)中,杀菌具体步骤为:在杀菌锅中高温反压杀菌,杀菌公式为15min-20min-15min/118℃反压冷却。
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