CN109556952A - A kind of devices and methods therefor of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus - Google Patents

A kind of devices and methods therefor of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus Download PDF

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CN109556952A
CN109556952A CN201910027088.9A CN201910027088A CN109556952A CN 109556952 A CN109556952 A CN 109556952A CN 201910027088 A CN201910027088 A CN 201910027088A CN 109556952 A CN109556952 A CN 109556952A
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measuring
metal
elastic modulus
formula
section beam
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张雷
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Nanchang University
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Jiujiang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces

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Abstract

The invention discloses the methods of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus, comprising: (1) metal material processing is fabricated to cross-section rectangular cross section beam first；(2) rectangular cross section beam one end is fixed and (can be bolted and be fixed on pedestal), one end is free；(3) vernier caliper and steel ruler are utilized, geometric dimension b, h, l of beams of metal is measured, measures beam-ends from projection wall distance a；(4) laser pen is arranged in beam-ends, opens laser pen, the position of laser point is marked in projection wall；(5) slowly apply counterweight, record last load load F, after beam is stablized, mark the position of laser point again, measure the vertical change height c of light source；(6) measurement parameter is substituted into formula:Both the elasticity modulus of the metal material can have been solved.This programme solves the problems such as economic cost existing in the prior art is big, data handling procedure is complicated, time-consuming.

Description

A kind of devices and methods therefor of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of devices and methods therefors of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus, belong to new material technology field.
Background technique
With the rapid development of national economy technology, more and more new metallic materials have been applied to engineering reality.Bullet Property important parameter of the modulus as description material mechanical performance, the accurate determination of value is asking of must solving of engineering staff Topic.Traditional metal material elasticity modulus measuring method is mainly determined by one directional tensile test: first according to national phase Testing standard is closed, standard specimen is made in metal material, then standard specimen is installed on large-scale cupping machine, stretches examination It tests machine to be connected with computer, by means of the force snesor and displacement sensor on cupping machine, can measure and obtain test specimen stretching The force-displacement curve (load-deformation curve) of process, the slope of elastic stage skew lines is the elasticity modulus of test specimen.Tradition Metal material elasticity modulus measuring method the shortcomings that being primarily present it is as follows: be necessarily dependent upon large-scale cupping machine, it is economical at This is big (a large-scale cupping machine need to spend ten tens of thousands of more than), the area fallen behind for economic condition or unit, no Has universality；And data processing is also more complex, entire test process takes a long time.For this reason, it may be necessary to design corresponding technical side Case, which is given, to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the shortcomings of the prior art, provide a kind of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus device and its Method, the measuring device structure are simple and convenient to operate, and measurement method accuracy is high, economical and practical, solves in the prior art The problems such as existing economic cost is big, data handling procedure is complicated, time-consuming.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of device of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus, comprising: pedestal and rectangular cross section beam made of metal, Described rectangular cross section beam one end, which is bolted, to be fixed on pedestal, and the rectangular cross section beam other end is free end, described The front of rectangular cross section beam free end is equipped with vertical projection wall, and the free end upper surface of the rectangular cross section beam is disposed with laser Pen, the free end of the rectangular cross section beam are equipped with suspension hook, are connected with several load counterweights being used cooperatively on the suspension hook.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the rectangular cross section beam free end and the projection wall maintain one section away from From.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the laser pen is in a horizontal state in the free end upper surface of rectangular cross section beam Setting.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the device of the measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus further includes for measuring square The vernier caliper and steel ruler of tee section beam geometric dimension.
Specifically, the method for shown measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus is as follows:
Step (1): prismatic rectangular cross section beam is made in metal material processing as shown in Figure 1:；
Step (2): the fixation of rectangular cross section beam one end (can be bolted and be fixed on pedestal) on the base, the other end In freedom；
Step (3): vernier caliper and steel ruler are utilized, geometric dimension b, h, l of beams of metal is measured, measures rectangular section Distance a of the beam free end apart from projection wall；
Laser pen: being arranged in the free end upper surface of rectangular cross section beam by step (4), laser pen is opened, in projection wall Mark the position of laser point；
Step (5): slowly applying counterweight, records last load load F, after beam is stablized, marks laser point again The vertical change height c of light source is measured in position；
Step (6): as shown in Figure 2: when according to metal beam deflection, according to the relationship of curvature and moment of flexure, have:
In formula: E is elasticity modulus, and I is rectangular section the moment of inertia,
Consider from geometric aspects, Plane Curved curvature of a curve is
F is the amount of deflection of beam in formula, it is contemplated that moment M and the sign of f " are exactly the opposite, and formula (2) are substituted into formula (1) and are obtained
Since the line of deflection of beam is a power, w'2It is very small compared with 1, it can omit, therefore (3) formula can be close Seemingly it is
Since beams of metal is cross-section straight beam, bending stiffness EI is constant, and above formula can be changed to
EIf "=- M (x) (5)
It can be obtained after integral is primary
EIf'=- ∫ M (x) dx+C1 (6)
It integrates once, obtains again
EIf=- ∫ ∫ M (x) d2x+C1x+C2 (7)
It is as shown above: consider the boundary condition of fixing end support,Can obtain cantilever beam equations of rotating angle and Deflection curve equation is respectively
It can be obtained according to the geometrical relationship of diagram
Formula (8), (9) are substituted into (10), arrangement can obtain
Formula (11) is the solution expression formula of beams of metal elasticity modulus；
Above-mentioned measurement parameter is substituted into formula:Both the elasticity of the metal material can have been solved Modulus.
Compared with prior art, implementation result of the invention is as follows by the present invention:
Compared to existing elasticity modulus test method, which is simple and convenient to operate, accuracy is high and passes through It helps practical, there is stronger innovative and universality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is measuring device structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is deformation schematic diagram and measurement parameter schematic diagram after measuring device of the present invention load.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the contents of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
A kind of device of measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus as shown in Figure 1:, comprising: pedestal 5 and made of metal Rectangular cross section beam 1,1 one end of rectangular cross section beam, which is bolted, to be fixed on pedestal 5, and 1 other end of rectangular cross section beam is freely End, the front of 1 free end of rectangular cross section beam are equipped with vertical projection wall 6 and maintain a distance, the freedom of rectangular cross section beam 1 End upper surface is disposed with the laser pen 2 being in a horizontal state, and the free end of rectangular cross section beam 1 is equipped with suspension hook 3, is connected on suspension hook 3 Several load counterweights 4 being used cooperatively；The device of the measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus further includes for measuring rectangular section The vernier caliper and steel ruler of beam geometric dimension.
Specifically, the method for the measuring metallic materials elasticity modulus is as follows:
Step (1): prismatic rectangular cross section beam first is made in metal material processing；
Step (2): the fixation of rectangular cross section beam one end (can be bolted and be fixed on pedestal) on the base, the other end In freedom；
Step (3): vernier caliper and steel ruler are utilized, geometric dimension b, h, l of beams of metal is measured, measures rectangular section Distance a of the beam free end apart from projection wall；
Laser pen: being arranged in the free end upper surface of rectangular cross section beam by step (4), laser pen is opened, in projection wall Mark the position of laser point；
Step (5): slowly applying counterweight, records last load load F, after beam is stablized, marks laser point again The vertical change height c of light source is measured in position；
Step (6): as shown in Figure 2: when according to metal beam deflection, according to the relationship of curvature and moment of flexure, have:
In formula: E is elasticity modulus, and I is rectangular section the moment of inertia,
Consider from geometric aspects, Plane Curved curvature of a curve is
F is the amount of deflection of beam in formula, it is contemplated that moment M and the sign of f " are exactly the opposite, and formula (2) are substituted into formula (1) and are obtained
Since the line of deflection of beam is a power, w'2It is very small compared with 1, it can omit, therefore (3) formula can be close Seemingly it is
Since beams of metal is cross-section straight beam, bending stiffness EI is constant, and above formula can be changed to
EIf "=- M (x) (5)
It can be obtained after integral is primary
EIf'=- ∫ M (x) dx+C1 (6)
It integrates once, obtains again
EIf=- ∫ ∫ M (x) d2x+C1x+C2 (7)
It is as shown above: consider the boundary condition of fixing end support,Can obtain cantilever beam equations of rotating angle and Deflection curve equation is respectively
It can be obtained according to the geometrical relationship of diagram
Formula (8), (9) are substituted into (10), arrangement can obtain
Formula (11) is the solution expression formula of beams of metal elasticity modulus；
Above-mentioned measurement parameter is substituted into formula:Both the elasticity of the metal material can have been solved Modulus.
In addition, rectangular cross section beam processing and fabricating is in having a size of 18mm × 10mm, the rectangular section girder steel of a length of 500mm is adopted With above-mentioned embodiment, the elasticity modulus measured is 203GPa, and measurement result meets the recommendation value that industry standard provides Section (200GPa~206GPa), precision is higher.Method proposed by the present invention only by vernier caliper, steel ruler and laser pen 2, The elasticity modulus of beams of metal can be measured, it is extremely simple with material, there is very strong innovation and practicality.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it cannot be said that the present invention is specifically real It applies and is only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, before not departing from present inventive concept It puts, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims (5)

1.一种测量金属材料弹性模量的装置，其特征在于：包括：基座(5)和由金属材料制成的矩形截面梁(1)，所述矩形截面梁(1)一端通过螺栓连接固定于基座(5)上，所述矩形截面梁(1)另一端为自由端，所述矩形截面梁(1)自由端的正前方设有竖直投影墙(6)，所述矩形截面梁(1)的自由端上端面布置有激光笔(2)，所述矩形截面梁(1)的自由端设有吊钩(3)，所述吊钩(3)上连接有若干配合使用的加载砝码(4)。1. A device for measuring elastic modulus of metal materials, characterized in that it comprises: a base (5) and a rectangular cross-section beam (1) made of a metal material, and one end of the rectangular cross-section beam (1) is connected by bolts is fixed on the base (5), the other end of the rectangular section beam (1) is a free end, a vertical projection wall (6) is provided directly in front of the free end of the rectangular section beam (1), and the rectangular section beam (1) is A laser pointer (2) is arranged on the upper end surface of the free end of (1), a hook (3) is arranged at the free end of the rectangular section beam (1), and a number of loading hooks (3) are connected to the hook (3). Weight (4). 2.根据权利要求1所述测量金属材料弹性模量的装置，其特征在于：所述矩形截面梁(1)自由端与所述投影墙(6)保持有一段距离。2 . The device for measuring the elastic modulus of metal materials according to claim 1 , wherein the free end of the rectangular section beam ( 1 ) is kept at a distance from the projection wall ( 6 ). 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述测量金属材料弹性模量的装置，其特征在于：所述激光笔(2)在矩形截面梁(1)的自由端上端面呈水平状态设置。3 . The device for measuring the elastic modulus of metal materials according to claim 1 , wherein the laser pointer ( 2 ) is arranged in a horizontal state on the upper end face of the free end of the rectangular section beam ( 1 ). 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述测量金属材料弹性模量的装置，其特征在于；所述测量金属材料弹性模量的装置还包括用于测量矩形截面梁几何尺寸的游标卡尺和钢尺。4 . The device for measuring the elastic modulus of metal materials according to claim 1 , wherein the device for measuring the elastic modulus of metal materials further comprises a vernier caliper and a steel ruler for measuring the geometric dimensions of beams with rectangular sections. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1-4所述测量金属材料弹性模量的方法，其特征在于：所述测量方法如下：5. The method for measuring elastic modulus of metal materials according to claim 1-4, wherein the measuring method is as follows: 步骤(1)：先将金属材料加工制成等截面的矩形截面梁；Step (1): First, the metal material is processed into a rectangular section beam of equal section; 步骤(2)：矩形截面梁一端固定在基座上(可通过螺栓连接固定于基座上)，另一端呈自由；Step (2): One end of the rectangular section beam is fixed on the base (which can be fixed on the base by bolting), and the other end is free; 步骤(3)：利用游标卡尺和钢尺，测量出金属梁的几何尺寸b、h、l，测量出矩形截面梁自由端距离投影墙的距离a；Step (3): Using a vernier caliper and a steel ruler, measure the geometric dimensions b, h, l of the metal beam, and measure the distance a between the free end of the rectangular section beam and the projection wall; 步骤(4)：将激光笔布置于矩形截面梁的自由端上端面，打开激光笔，在投影墙上标记激光点的位置；Step (4): Arrange the laser pointer on the upper end face of the free end of the rectangular section beam, turn on the laser pointer, and mark the position of the laser point on the projection wall; 步骤(5)：缓慢施加砝码，记录最后的加载荷载F，待梁稳定后，再次标记激光点的位置，测量出光源的垂直变化高度c；Step (5): Slowly apply weights, record the final loading load F, after the beam is stable, mark the position of the laser point again, and measure the vertical change height c of the light source; 步骤(6)：根据金属梁弯曲时，根据曲率与弯矩的关系，Step (6): According to the relationship between the curvature and the bending moment when the metal beam is bent, 有： Have: 式中：E为弹性模量，I为矩形截面惯性矩， where E is the elastic modulus, I is the moment of inertia of the rectangular section, 从几何方面考虑，平面曲线的曲率为Geometrically, the curvature of a plane curve is 式中f为梁的挠度，考虑到弯矩M与f”的正负号正好相反，将式(2)代入式(1)中得In the formula, f is the deflection of the beam. Considering that the sign of the bending moment M is opposite to that of f”, the formula (2) is substituted into the formula (1) to get 由于梁的挠曲线为一平坦曲线，因此w'2与1相比十分微小，可略去，故(3)式可近似为Since the deflection curve of the beam is a flat curve, w' 2 is very small compared with 1 and can be omitted, so the formula (3) can be approximated as 由于金属梁为等截面直梁，弯曲刚度EI为常量，上式可改为Since the metal beam is a straight beam with constant cross-section and the bending stiffness EI is constant, the above formula can be changed to EIf”＝-M(x) (5)EIf”=-M(x) (5) 积分一次后可得Earn after one point EIf'＝-∫M(x)dx+C1 (6)EIf'=-∫M(x)dx+C 1 (6) 再积分一次，得Score again, get EIf＝-∫∫M(x)d2x+C1x+C2 (7)EIf=-∫∫M(x)d 2 x+C 1 x+C 2 (7) 根据上述所示：考虑固定端支座的边界条件，可得悬臂梁的转角方程和挠曲线方程分别为According to the above: considering the boundary conditions of the fixed end support, The rotation angle equation and deflection line equation of the cantilever beam can be obtained as 根据上述的几何关系可得：According to the above geometric relationship, we can get: 将式(8)、(9)代入(10)，整理可得Substituting equations (8) and (9) into (10), we can get 式(11)即为金属梁弹性模量的求解表达式；Equation (11) is the solution expression of the elastic modulus of the metal beam; 即将上述测量参数代入公式：既可以求解出该金属材料的弹性模量。Substitute the above measurement parameters into the formula: The elastic modulus of the metal material can be solved.
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CN111272569A (en) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-12 华北电力大学 An experimental device for measuring Young's modulus and shear modulus of metals based on combined deformation method
CN112082863A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-15 山东大学 Method for testing microcosmic bonding strength and elastic modulus of transition zone of concrete interface
CN113504128A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-10-15 湖南大学 Method and device for measuring Young's modulus of elasticity of material by using cantilever beam or overhanging beam
US20230221228A1 (en) * 2020-06-08 2023-07-13 Technische Universitaet Wien Method and device for preparing a tensile test

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CN111272569A (en) * 2020-03-03 2020-06-12 华北电力大学 An experimental device for measuring Young's modulus and shear modulus of metals based on combined deformation method
US20230221228A1 (en) * 2020-06-08 2023-07-13 Technische Universitaet Wien Method and device for preparing a tensile test
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CN112082863A (en) * 2020-09-11 2020-12-15 山东大学 Method for testing microcosmic bonding strength and elastic modulus of transition zone of concrete interface
CN112082863B (en) * 2020-09-11 2021-06-11 山东大学 Method for testing microcosmic bonding strength and elastic modulus of transition zone of concrete interface
CN113504128A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-10-15 湖南大学 Method and device for measuring Young's modulus of elasticity of material by using cantilever beam or overhanging beam
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