CN109556311A - Multi-stage absorption refrigerating method - Google Patents

Multi-stage absorption refrigerating method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109556311A
CN109556311A CN201811186375.6A CN201811186375A CN109556311A CN 109556311 A CN109556311 A CN 109556311A CN 201811186375 A CN201811186375 A CN 201811186375A CN 109556311 A CN109556311 A CN 109556311A
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China
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absorber
level
adsorption plant
adsorption
refrigerant
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CN201811186375.6A
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CN109556311B (en
Inventor
吴少群
袁红星
张永平
安鹏
余辉晴
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Ningbo University of Technology
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Ningbo University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B37/00—Absorbers; Adsorbers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/04—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/046—Operating intermittently
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2315/00—Sorption refrigeration cycles or details thereof
    • F25B2315/006—Reversible sorption cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of multi-stage absorption refrigerating method, it includes the first adsorption plant and the second adsorption plant, first class absorber in first and second adsorption plants, second class absorber, it is configured in three-level absorber filled with porous adsorbing material, refrigerant pipe is passed through between above-mentioned porous adsorbing material particle, wherein, space rate in each absorber between the particle of porous adsorbing material, the pressure drop of adsorption plant inlet and outlet is relevant to along the flow direction of refrigerant and is linearly increased, so that first, it is flowed to inside second adsorption plant along refrigerant, the practical adsorption capacity of absorbers at different levels is identical.For the refrigerating method according to the variation of condensation temperature in the first and second adsorption plants, accurate selection needs the absorber for participating in absorption to reduce system cost to improve system energy efficiency, and reduces the replacing process and cost of adsorbent material.

Description

Multi-stage absorption refrigerating method
Technical field
This disclosure relates to a kind of refrigerating method of refrigeration equipment, more particularly to the absorption type system of cooling absorption and heating desorption The multi-stage absorption refrigerating method of cool equipment.
Background technique
With the continuous development of adsorption refrigeration system, the improvement type of adsorption refrigeration system is more and more, including inhales Attached formula air-conditioning/heat pump, solar adsorption-type refrigerating machine, absorption icemaker etc..The metal heat and stream of absorption refrigeration equipment Body heat appearance is affected to the performance COP of adsorption refrigeration system.
Existing adsorption refrigeration system generally uses two adsorption machines, an evaporator and a condenser, throttle valve Deng.When an adsorption plant is connected to condenser, just in heating desorption, another adsorption plant is communicated with evaporator, cooling Absorption.After the completion of desorbing adsorption process, by heating the valve of pipeline and cooling line, switch the work of two adsorption plants State can be realized continuous cooling.
The adsorption capacity of adsorption plant influences the cycle period of system, namely influences the unit time refrigeration energy of refrigeration system Power, therefore to improve the refrigerating capacity of refrigeration system, obtains higher COP, it is necessary to accelerate adsorption plant adsorption capacity and Unit time adsorption capacity.One good adsorption plant, can be from various aspects such as the design of its structure, the heat-transfer characters of absorption working pair Factor improves, to improve its unit time adsorption capacity.
However, when refrigerant pipe passes through the adsorbent material of adsorption plant, refrigerant pipe has phase for large-scale adsorption plant When length.With the increase of process, the heat loss and the pressure loss of internal refrigerant are gradually increased, thus in refrigerant flow direction, The ability that refrigerant conducts heat outward gradually has apparent decaying, and the exchange capability of heat between adsorbent material outside refrigerant and refrigerant pipe is then therewith It gradually decreases.Thus the adsorption capacity of adsorbent material also decays therewith.To affect adsorption plant whole adsorption capacity and The refrigerating capacity of refrigeration equipment.
Summary of the invention
The disclosure is in view of above content, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of heat loss and pressure that can reduce refrigerant in adsorption plant The multi-stage absorption refrigerating method of the decline problem of adsorption capacity caused by power is lost, can be improved adsorption plant entirety adsorption energy Power reduces the Decay of adsorbent material, improves the refrigerating capacity and service life of refrigeration equipment, and by precisely according to Family demand refrigerating capacity, accurate selection participates in the adsorption capacity of cooling and warming, to further reduced system cost.
The present invention provides a kind of multi-stage absorption refrigerating methods comprising refrigeration equipment, refrigeration equipment include: the first absorption Bed and the second adsorbent bed；Include the first adsorption plant and the first heat exchange equipment in first adsorbent bed, includes the in the second adsorbent bed Two adsorption plants and the second heat exchange equipment；Refrigeration equipment further includes the first four-way valve, the second four-way valve, third four-way valve, the 4th Four-way valve, heat source and air conditioning terminal；Wherein heat source, the first four-way valve are respectively connected to second through refrigerant inlet pipe, two-port valve The second four-way valve is connected to through refrigerant return pipe again after first class absorber, second class absorber, three-level absorber in adsorption plant Forming circuit；Heat source, the first four-way valve are respectively connected to the suction of the level-one in the first adsorption plant through refrigerant inlet pipe, two-port valve The second four-way valve forming circuit is connected to through refrigerant return pipe again after adnexa, second class absorber, three-level absorber.Wherein first inhales Attached bed and the second adsorbent bed are configured to, when the absorption of the first adsorbent bed, the second adsorbent bed desorption, when first round adsorption and desorption knot Beam, then wheel changes the absorption of the second adsorbent bed, the first adsorbent bed desorption into；Level-one in first adsorption plant, the second adsorption plant is inhaled Adnexa, second class absorber are filled with porous adsorbing material in three-level absorber, and refrigerant pipe is from above-mentioned porous adsorbing material particle Between pass through, wherein the first adsorption plant, the first class absorber in the second adsorption plant, second class absorber, in three-level absorber It is filled with porous adsorbing material, refrigerant pipe is passed through between above-mentioned porous adsorbing material, wherein the first and second adsorption plants The structure of porous adsorbing material in interior respective one to three-level absorber meets following relationship: the sky of first class absorber 4a, 5a Between rate KLevel-oneThe space rate K of < second class absorber 4b, 5bSecond levelThe space rate K of < three-level absorber 4c, 5cThree-level, so that level-one Absorber, second class absorber are identical with the practical adsorption capacity of three-level absorber three.
When heat source and the second adsorption plant is connected in the first four-way valve, the time is set as t at this time0, the first adsorbent bed starts to inhale Attached and the second adsorbent bed starts to be desorbed: the condensing pressure Pc of the refrigerant in the second heat exchange equipment of detection, and t is examined at predetermined time intervals Condensing pressure is surveyed, the evaporating pressure Pe, t of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange equipment are detected0Moment detects its condensing pressure, vapor pres- sure Power is respectively Pc0、Pe0, in moment t1, detect its condensing pressure, evaporating pressure is respectively Pc1、Pe1, and so on, at the moment Tn detects its condensing pressure, evaporating pressure is respectively Pcn、Pen, until reaching saturation state；Control device calculates in real time in time Condensing pressure rate of change Rc=(Pcn-Pcn-1)/t and evaporating pressure rate of change Re=(Pen-Pen-1)/t；Second absorption In bed, as Rc < C1, the first class absorber upstream two-port valve in the second adsorption plant, the second level in the second adsorption plant are controlled Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in absorber upstream two-port valve and the second adsorption plant is opened, in the second adsorption plant One~three-level absorber both participates in work；As C1≤Rc < C2, the three-level absorber upstream two in the second adsorption plant is closed Port valve, the I and II absorber in the second adsorption plant participate in work；As Rc >=C2, turn off in the second adsorption plant Second class absorber upstream two-port valve, the only first class absorber in the second adsorption plant participate in work；In first adsorbent bed, as Re < When C1, the first class absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant, the second class absorber upstream in the first adsorption plant are controlled Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in two-port valve and the first adsorption plant is opened, and one~three-level absorber both participates in work； As C1≤Re < C2, the three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is closed, one, two in the first adsorption plant Grade absorber participates in work；As Re >=C2, the second class absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is turned off, first inhales Only first class absorber participates in work in applying equipment.
Further, refrigerating method of the invention, when heat source and the first adsorption plant is connected in the first four-way valve: this is constantly Between be set as t0, the first adsorbent bed starts desorption and the second adsorbent bed starts to adsorb, and detects the steaming of the refrigerant in the second heat exchange equipment Pressure Pe is sent out, real-time evaporating pressure rate of change Re=(Pe is calculatedn-Pen-1)/t detects the refrigerant in the first heat exchange equipment Condensing pressure Pc, calculate real-time condensing pressure rate of change Rc=(Pcn-Pcn-1)/t；In second adsorbent bed, as Re < C1 When, control the first class absorber upstream two-port valve in the second adsorption plant, the second class absorber upstream two in the second adsorption plant Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in port valve and the second adsorption plant is opened, one~three-level absorption in the second adsorption plant Device both participates in work；As C1≤Re < C2, the three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in the second adsorption plant, the second absorption are closed I and II absorber in equipment participates in work；As Re >=C2, the second class absorber upstream in the second adsorption plant is turned off Two-port valve, the only first class absorber in the second adsorption plant participate in work；In first adsorbent bed, as Rc < C1, control first First class absorber upstream two-port valve in adsorption plant, the second class absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant and first inhale Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in applying equipment is opened, and one~three-level absorber both participates in work；As C1≤Rc < C2, The three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is closed, the I and II absorber in the first adsorption plant participates in work Make；As Rc >=C2, the second class absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is turned off, only level-one in the first adsorption plant Absorber participates in work.
Further, in refrigerating method of the invention, refrigeration equipment has first mode, at this point, the first heat exchange equipment, the Three four-way valves, air conditioning terminal and the 4th four-way valve are in turn connected to form circuit, to user's cooling supply；Second heat exchange equipment, the three or four Port valve, the first four-way valve, the first adsorption plant, the second four-way valve, third heat exchange equipment, the 4th four-way valve are in turn connected to form back Road.
Further, in refrigerating method of the invention, refrigeration equipment further includes second mode, at this point, the first heat exchange equipment, Third four-way valve, the first four-way valve, the first adsorption plant, the second four-way valve and third heat exchange equipment are sequentially connected shape through refrigerant pipe At circuit, the second heat exchange equipment, third four-way valve, air conditioning terminal, the 4th four-way valve are in turn connected to form circuit, supply to user Heat.
Further, in refrigerating method of the invention, in the first and second adsorption plant of refrigeration equipment one to three-level adsorb The structure of porous adsorbing material in device is all satisfied following relationship:
KSecond level=KLevel-oneexp(-(C/β)(PLevel-one entrance/PSecondary exit port-1)2)
KThree-level=KSecond levelexp(-(C/β)(PSecondary inlet/PThree-level outlet-1)2)
KLevel-one、KSecond level、KThree-levelRespectively refrigerant flows to upper level, second level, three-level absorber inside first or second adsorption plant The space rate of respective adsorbent material；PLevel-one entrance、PSecondary exit port、PSecondary inlet、PThree-level outletRespectively refrigerant pipe enters first class absorber, is pierced by two Grade absorber, into second class absorber, be pierced by three-level absorber when inside refrigerant pressure；C is adsorbent material structural constant, β Relationship constant between adsorbent material and refrigerant；So that flowed to inside the first, second adsorption plant along refrigerant, The unit time adsorption capacity of absorbers at different levels is actually identical.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the monolithically fabricated figure under the refrigeration mode of refrigerating method of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the monolithically fabricated figure under the heating mode of refrigerating method of the invention.
Specific embodiment
In the following, the multi-stage absorption refrigerating method referring to 1 pair of absortion type refrigerating equipment of the invention of attached drawing is illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, absortion type refrigerating equipment 1 is that one kind can be made in building in refrigerating method of the invention Cold or heating or the waste heat heat source type heat pump for freezing and heating in different spaces simultaneously.Heat pump includes high temperature heat source 2, absorption Formula refrigeration machine and air conditioning terminal 3, wherein adsorbent refrigerator includes the first adsorption plant 4, the heat exchange of the second adsorption plant 5, first Equipment 6, the second heat exchange equipment 7, the 8, first~the 4th four-way valve 9~12 of third heat exchange equipment and multiple valves and temperature sensing Device 17~22.
Adsorbent refrigerator includes two adsorbent beds A and B, wherein the first adsorbent bed A includes sealing container, in sealing container First adsorption plant 4 and the first heat exchange equipment 6 are set, and the second adsorbent bed B includes sealing container, and setting second is inhaled in sealing container Applying equipment 5 and the second heat exchange equipment 7, when the first adsorbent bed A absorption, the second adsorbent bed B desorption, when the second adsorbent bed B is carried out When regenerative process, the first adsorbent bed A carries out desorption process.
Then, the structure and workflow of the first adsorbent bed A of present embodiment and the second adsorbent bed B are said It is bright.
As shown in Figure 1, the first adsorption plant 4 has the refrigerant pipe 13 for Working fluid flow in the first adsorbent bed A.Refrigerant pipe 13 It is made of the metal (in the present embodiment, being copper or copper alloy) of excellent thermal conductivity.First adsorption plant 4 further includes at least three Grade absorber 4a/4b/4c, they all have cabinet, are filled with adsorbent material in cabinet, refrigerant pipe 13 is worn through two-port valve respectively In the adsorbent material of absorber 4a, 4b and 4c.
The second adsorption plant 5 has the refrigerant pipe 14 for Working fluid flow in second adsorbent bed B.Refrigerant pipe 14 is excellent by thermal conductivity Different metal (in the present embodiment, being copper or copper alloy) is constituted.Second adsorption plant 5 further includes at least three-level absorber 5a, 5b, 5c, they all have cabinet, are filled with adsorbent material in cabinet, refrigerant pipe 14 is threaded through absorber through two-port valve respectively In the adsorbent material of 5a, 5b and 5c.
Under refrigeration mode, control device controls the first four-way valve 9, the second four-way valve 10, third four-way valve 11 and the four or four The direction of port valve 12 controls the flow direction of refrigerant, and refrigerant absorbs the heat of heat source 2, flow through 14 to the second adsorption plant 5 of refrigerant pipe, Refrigerant flow to first class absorber 5a, second class absorber 5b, heat release in three-level absorber 5c through inlet tube and three two-port valves respectively, Namely in refrigerant flow direction, the first class absorber 5a that is successively arranged in parallel from upstream to downstream, second class absorber 5b, three-level absorption Device 5c.It is back in heat source 2 and absorbs heat through return pipe, the second four-way valve 10 again after refrigerant cooling, to form circulation.
What is carried out in second adsorbent bed B is desorption process.First class absorber 5a, second class absorber in second adsorption plant 5 5b, the adsorbent material of three-level absorber 5c are heated, solve adsorption desorption, adsorbent material aridity is promoted, from the cold of desorbed of adsorbed materials Matchmaker's steam condenses heat release in the second heat exchange equipment 7, is regenerated as liquid.
What is carried out in first adsorbent bed A is adsorption process.After refrigerant heat absorption in refrigerant pipe 15 in second heat exchange equipment 7 Enter the refrigerant pipe 13 in the first adsorption plant 4 through third four-way valve 11, the first four-way valve 9, the refrigerant in refrigerant pipe 13 is successively It flow to after first class absorber 4a in parallel, second class absorber 4b, three-level absorber 4c continue heat absorption and heats up through three two-port valves, I.e. in refrigerant flow direction, be successively arranged in parallel first class absorber 4a, second class absorber 4b, three-level absorber from upstream to downstream 4c.Refrigerant after heating flows to third heat exchange equipment 8 through the second four-way valve 10, and through the 4th four-way valve 12 after this heat release cooling Return to the second heat exchange equipment 7.
The first class absorber 5a in the first adsorption plant 4, second class absorber 5b, three-level absorber in first adsorbent bed A The adsorbent heat release adsorption refrigerating agent of drying in 5c, therefore the pressure in the first adsorbent bed A is reduced, it thus evaporates first and changes Refrigerant in hot equipment 6, then heat release cools down the refrigerant in refrigerant pipe 16 in the first heat exchange equipment 6, the refrigerant warp after cooling Third four-way valve 11 flows to air conditioning terminal 3, to user's cooling supply.
After first round absorption and desorption, although being not shown in the drawings, those skilled in the art are same from attached drawing 1 Sample is appreciated that by the switching of the first~the 4th four-way valve 9~12 of control in absortion type refrigerating equipment of the invention, by first Adsorbent bed A switches to desorption process, and the second adsorbent bed B is switched to adsorption process.Wherein, refrigerant is in the first adsorption plant 4 The first class absorber 4a in portion, second class absorber 4b, three-level absorber 4c and first class absorber 5a, two in the second adsorption plant 5 Flow direction in grade absorber 5b, three-level absorber 5c is constant always.
Under heating mode, as shown in Fig. 2, control device controls the first four-way valve 9, the second four-way valve 10, third four-way valve 11 and the 4th the switching of four-way valve 12 control the direction of refrigerant, refrigerant absorbs the heat of heat source 2, flows through refrigerant pipe 14 to the second Adsorption plant 5, refrigerant flow to first class absorber 5a in parallel, second class absorber through inlet tube followed by three two-port valves respectively Heat release in 5b, three-level absorber 5c converges to refrigerant return pipe after refrigerant cooling again and is back in heat source 2 through the second four-way valve 10 It is recycled.
What is carried out in second adsorbent bed B is desorption process.Adsorbent material in second adsorption plant 5 is heated, solves adsorption desorption, Adsorbent material aridity is promoted, and is condensed heat release in the second heat exchange equipment 7 from the refrigerant steam of desorbed of adsorbed materials, is regenerated as liquid State.
Air conditioning terminal is flowed into through third four-way valve 11 and pump after refrigerant heat absorption in refrigerant pipe 15 in second heat exchange equipment 7 3, in this heat release, heated to user.
What is carried out in first adsorbent bed A is adsorption process.The refrigerant in refrigerant pipe 13 in first adsorption plant 4 is through entrance Pipe, respectively after two-port valve flows into first class absorber 4a, second class absorber 4b, absorbs heat in three-level absorber 4c, through the second four-way Valve 10 flows to third heat exchange equipment 8, and the heat release in third heat exchange equipment 8, flows to the first heat exchange through the 4th four-way valve 12 after Refrigerant pipe 16 in equipment 6, and continue heat release in refrigerant pipe 16, the refrigerant after cooling is through third four-way valve 11, pump, the one or four Port valve 9 returns in the first adsorption plant 4, continues cycling through.
First class absorber 4a, second class absorber 4b, three-level absorber 4c in the first adsorption plant 4 in first adsorbent bed A The adsorbent heat release adsorption refrigerating agent of interior drying, therefore the pressure in the first adsorbent bed A is reduced, thus evaporate the first heat exchange Refrigerant in equipment 6.
After first round absorption and desorption, cutting by the first~the 4th four-way valve 9~12 of control in adsorbent refrigerator It changes, the first adsorbent bed A is switched into desorption process, the second adsorbent bed B is switched into adsorption process.Wherein, refrigerant is inhaled first The applying equipment 4 and flow direction of absorber at different levels is constant always in the second adsorption plant 5.
The adsorption structure of first adsorption plant 4 and the second adsorption plant 5 is described below.It include one in first adsorption plant 4 Grade absorber 4a, second class absorber 4b and three-level absorber 4c respectively include first class absorber 5a, two in the second adsorption plant 5 Grade absorber 5b and three-level absorber 5c, the uniform filling adsorption materials of absorber at different levels.Adsorbent material is Porous, material granule Between have spatial volume, space rate K be the spatial volume and absorber volume ratio.When adsorbent material space, rate is too small, The refrigeration dose that then adsorbent material can be adsorbed/is desorbed is also small, but adsorbent material space rate is too big, then adsorbent material heat-energy transducer Power decline, can not adsorb/be desorbed enough refrigeration doses.Thus, the consistency and spatial volume of adsorbent material must reach Delicate balance could make its exchange capability of heat and absorption/desorption refrigeration dose obtain a suitable best performance values, The theoretical adsorption capacity on the whole for being commonly referred to as the first adsorption plant 4 and the second adsorption plant 5 herein is S.
By taking the schematic diagram of attached drawing 1 as an example, the refrigerant of the first upstream adsorbent bed A flow to three-level through inlet tube, two-port valve respectively In absorber, refrigerant absorbs heat at this from adsorbent material.Adsorption plant in the prior art is only level-one, is usually had One cabinet, internal uniform filling adsorption material, refrigerant pipe is worn and mistake from adsorbent material, along the flow direction of refrigerant pipe On adsorbent material various parameters such as material, consistency, the space rate between material granule it is identical.And the present invention passes through A large amount of experiment, research find this kind of uniform adsorption structure in the prior art be cause adsorbent material needs to be replaced it is main because One of element.When refrigerant is in the flowing direction as the increase of process, pressure and heating power have significant loss, heat absorption capacity is significant Decline, the exchange capability of heat between refrigerant and adsorbent material in refrigerant pipe weakens.Meanwhile the adsorbent material in adsorption plant In, the practical emission capacity of adsorbent material closer to upstream is stronger, and the refrigeration dose of absorption is bigger, and the absorption closer to downstream The emission capacity of material weakens, and the refrigeration dose of absorption is fewer.This leads to the practical adsorbance of the adsorbent material in adsorption plant Unevenly, its practical adsorption capacity s1 decaying along the adsorbent material on the flow direction of refrigerant pipe, adsorption capacity degree is uneven, Service life is not identical, and the whole practical adsorption capacity of adsorption plant is less than its theoretical adsorption capacity S.When the suction in downstream side Still in order, when still can be used, the adsorbent material of upstream side has needed to replace enclosure material, while it is actually used Period is also considerably shorter than its theoretical service life value.This directly results in the reduction of the service life of the first adsorption plant, system The cost increase and ability of cooling system decline.
Thus the present invention in the first adsorption plant 4 and the second adsorption plant 5 structure as shown in Figure 1, its along refrigerant In the path direction of pipe, refrigerant pipe is introduced into first class absorber 4a, 5a of upstream through two-port valve, is detected refrigerant pipe herein and is entered Refrigerant pressure in first class absorber is P4a entrance、P5a entrance；Refrigerant is introduced into second class absorber 4b, the 5b in middle reaches through two-port valve again In, detecting refrigerant herein to enter the refrigerant pressure in second class absorber is P4b entrance、P5b entrance；Then under refrigerant enters through two-port valve In three-level absorber 4c, 5c of trip, the refrigerant pressure that detection enters in three-level absorber is P4c entrance、P5c entrance。
Wherein, one to three-level absorber in the first and second adsorption plants 4,5 in porous adsorbing material structure it is full It is enough lower relationship: the space rate K of first class absorber 4a, 5aLevel-oneThe space rate K of < second class absorber 4b, 5bSecond level< three-level absorber The space rate K of 4c, 5cThree-level.And meet following relationship inside each adsorption plant:
KSecond level=KLevel-oneexp(-(C/β)(PLevel-one entrance/PSecondary exit port-1)2)
KThree-level=KSecond levelexp(-(C/β)(PSecondary inlet/PThree-level outlet-1)2)
KLevel-one、KSecond level、KThree-levelRespectively refrigerant flows to upper level, second level, three-level absorber inside first or second adsorption plant The space rate of each self-absorbent；PLevel-one entrance、PSecondary exit port、PSecondary inlet、PThree-level outletRespectively refrigerant pipe enters first class absorber, is pierced by second level Absorber, into second class absorber, be pierced by three-level absorber when inside refrigerant pressure；C is adsorbent material structural constant, and β is Relationship constant between adsorbent material and refrigerant；So that being flowed to inside the first, second adsorption plant along refrigerant, respectively The unit time adsorption capacity of grade absorber is actually identical.
To which the present invention corresponds to refrigerant pipe in the continuous loss of the first, second adsorption plant internal pressure P and heating power, lead to It crosses the space rate K for the absorbers at different levels that adjustment is located at the upper different location of refrigerant flow direction and realizes the first, second adsorption plant Various places inside adsorption capacity can not be influenced by the crushing and heat loss of refrigerant in refrigerant pipe.Thus when the unit of adsorption plant Between adsorption capacity enhanced on the whole, further, the service life of the adsorbent material in the first, second adsorption plant Extend, without frequently replacement, reduces the operating cost of refrigeration system.
In first, second adsorption plant 4,5 in first class absorber 4a, 5a of refrigerant upstream side, the refrigerant in refrigerant pipe is changed Thermal energy power is strong, and heat transfer speed is maximum, therefore the compactness extent of adsorbent material is maximum, the space rate K between material granuleLevel-oneMost It is small.In three-level absorber 4c, the 5c in downstream side, P pressure and the heating power biggish loss as process has in refrigerant pipe, refrigerant heat exchange Ability is most weak, and heat transfer speed is minimum, therefore rate K in space between material granuleThree-levelMaximum, heat be obstructed between adsorbent material compared with It is small, to help adsorbent material to adsorb more refrigeration doses.To 5 inner stages of the first adsorption plant 4 and the second adsorption plant The adsorption capacity of absorber is not influenced by the crushing and heat loss of refrigerant in refrigerant pipe, being capable of uniformity.To which absorption is set Standby adsorption capacity is enhanced on the whole, further, the absorption in the first adsorption plant 4 and the second adsorption plant 5 The service life of material extends, and without frequently replacement, reduces the operating cost of refrigeration system.Even if the suction in three-level absorber Enclosure material service life is inconsistent, can also only replace this grade of adsorbent material, without replacing other two-stage, to save replacement The process and cost of component.
Further, the space rate of first class absorber 4a, 5a, second class absorber 4b, 5b, three-level absorber 4c, 5c are in line Property increase.
Further, between the space rate of first class absorber 4a, 5a, second class absorber 4b, 5b, three-level absorber 4c, 5c It is configured so that the practical adsorption capacity of first class absorber, second class absorber and three-level absorber is identical.
Further, first class absorber 4a, 5a, second class absorber 4b, 5b, three-level absorber 4c, 5c respectively internal suction The space rate of enclosure material, it is linearly increasing in the flow direction of refrigerant.Thus the practical suction inside each absorber in refrigerant flow direction Attached ability is also consistent.
Further, the inlet of the refrigerant inlet pipe of the first adsorption plant 4 namely the upstream first class absorber 4a, first inhale Temperature sensor 17,18 is respectively equipped in the refrigerant return pipe of applying equipment 4 namely the outlet in the downstream first class absorber 4a.Second inhales The inlet of the refrigerant inlet pipe of applying equipment 5 namely the upstream first class absorber 5a, the second adsorption plant 5 refrigerant return pipe namely Temperature sensor 19,20 is respectively equipped on first class absorber 5a lower exit.It is respectively equipped on the refrigerant inlet/outlet pipe of air conditioning terminal 3 Temperature sensor 21,22.
Further, the inlet of the refrigerant inlet pipe of the first adsorption plant 4 namely the upstream first class absorber 4a, first inhale Temperature sensor 17,18 is respectively equipped in the refrigerant return pipe of applying equipment 4 namely the outlet in the downstream first class absorber 4a.Second inhales The inlet of the refrigerant inlet pipe of applying equipment 5 namely the upstream first class absorber 5a, the second adsorption plant 5 refrigerant return pipe namely Temperature sensor 19,20 is respectively equipped on first class absorber 5a lower exit.It is respectively equipped on the refrigerant inlet/outlet pipe of air conditioning terminal 3 Temperature sensor 21,22.
Further, pressure sensor 23 is equipped in the first heat exchange equipment 6 in the first adsorbent bed A, in the second adsorbent bed B The second heat exchange equipment 7 in be equipped with pressure sensor 24, be respectively used to detection the first heat exchange equipment 6 and the second heat exchange equipment 7 in The condensing pressure or evaporating pressure of refrigerant.
The present invention provides a kind of refrigerating method of refrigeration equipment, can be according to the first heat exchange equipment 6 and the second heat exchange equipment 7 In refrigerant condition, detect whether it reaches saturation, it is to be offered to judge that the first adsorption plant 4 and the second adsorption plant 5 need Adsorbance, and it is precisely controlled the first adsorption plant 4 and the second adsorption plant 5 need adsorbance to be offered.
Refrigerating method of the invention is described below.
The refrigerating method is specifically, as previously mentioned, under refrigeration or heating mode, when heat source 2 is connected in the first four-way valve 9 When with the second adsorption plant 5:
The time is set as t at this time0, the first adsorbent bed A starts absorption and the second adsorbent bed B starts to be desorbed, the second adsorption plant 5 In adsorbent material it is heated, solve adsorption desorption, condense heat release in the second heat exchange equipment 7 from the refrigerant steam of desorbed of adsorbed materials, The condensing pressure Pc of refrigerant in control device the second heat exchange equipment 7 of control pressure sensor 24 detection (not shown), and every Predetermined time t detects condensing pressure, such as t0At the moment, detecting its condensing pressure is Pc0, in moment t1, detecting its condensing pressure is Pc1, and so on, in moment tn, detecting its condensing pressure is Pcn, until reaching saturation state.
Control device calculates real-time condensing pressure rate of change Rc=(Pc in timen-Pcn-1)/t。
The absorption at this point, adsorbent material in the first adsorption plant 4 is cooled, refrigerant absorb heat steaming in the first heat exchange equipment 6 Hair, control device control pressure sensor 23 (not shown) detects the evaporating pressure Pe of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange equipment 6, and T detects the evaporating pressure, such as t at predetermined time intervals0At the moment, detecting its evaporating pressure is Pe0, in moment t1, detect its vapor pres- sure Power is Pe1, and so on, in moment tn, detecting its evaporating pressure is Pen, until reaching saturation state.
Control device calculates real-time evaporating pressure rate of change Re=(Pe in timen-Pen-1)/t。
In the second adsorbent bed B: as Rc < C1, on the control upstream first class absorber 5a two-port valve, second class absorber 5b Trip two-port valve and the upstream three-level absorber 5c two-port valve are opened, and one~three-level absorber both participates in work, provides maximum adsorption Amount.
As C1≤Rc < C2, the upstream three-level absorber 5c two-port valve is closed, I and II absorber participates in work.
As Rc >=C2, the upstream second class absorber 5b two-port valve is turned off, only first class absorber participates in work.
In the first adsorbent bed A: as Re < C1, on the control upstream first class absorber 4a two-port valve, second class absorber 4b Trip two-port valve and the upstream three-level absorber 4c two-port valve are opened, and one~three-level absorber both participates in work, provides maximum adsorption Amount.
As C1≤Re < C2, the upstream three-level absorber 4c two-port valve is closed, I and II absorber participates in work.
As Re >=C2, the upstream second class absorber 4b two-port valve is turned off, only first class absorber participates in work.
When heat source 2 and the first adsorption plant 4 is connected in the first four-way valve 9:
The time is set as t at this time0, the first adsorbent bed A starts desorption and the second adsorbent bed B starts to adsorb, and control device (is not schemed Showing) control pressure sensor 24 detects the evaporating pressure Pe of the refrigerant in the second heat exchange equipment 7, and control device calculates in real time in time Evaporating pressure rate of change Re=(Pen-Pen-1)/t.Pressure sensor 23 detects the cold of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange equipment 6 Solidifying pressure Pc, control device calculate real-time condensing pressure rate of change Rc=(Pc in timen-Pcn-1)/t。
In the second adsorbent bed B: as Re < C1, on the control upstream first class absorber 5a two-port valve, second class absorber 5b Trip two-port valve and the upstream three-level absorber 5c two-port valve are opened, and one~three-level absorber both participates in work, provides maximum adsorption Amount.
As C1≤Re < C2, the upstream three-level absorber 5c two-port valve is closed, I and II absorber participates in work.
As Re >=C2, the upstream second class absorber 5b two-port valve is turned off, only first class absorber participates in work.
In the first adsorbent bed A: as Rc < C1, on the control upstream first class absorber 4a two-port valve, second class absorber 4b Trip two-port valve and the upstream three-level absorber 4c two-port valve are opened, and one~three-level absorber both participates in work, provides maximum adsorption Amount.
As C1≤Rc < C2, the upstream three-level absorber 4c two-port valve is closed, I and II absorber participates in work.
As Rc >=C2, the upstream second class absorber 4b two-port valve is turned off, only first class absorber participates in work.
To which the pressure value that refrigerating method of the invention is detected according to above-mentioned pressure sensor 23,24 selects primary adsorption Device 4a, 5a, second class absorber 4b, 5b, one or more levels in three-level absorber 4c, 5c work, and further increase The efficiency of refrigeration equipment, and reduce the cost of refrigeration system.
Further, use elongated adsorption plant and three-level absorber as exemplary illustration in the present invention, however It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the flow direction of refrigerant pipe can above be arranged in any direction and according to refrigeration in the prior art Other multi-stage absorption devices are arranged in the demand of ability.Even variation is carried out to the characteristic of adsorbent material arbitrarily on refrigerant flow direction The invention of the loss of adsorption capacity caused by being reduced with reducing the pressure loss on flowing to and heat loss, each falls within of the invention The open scope.
In addition, for indicating the art of positional relationship or shape applied in any technical solution disclosed in aforementioned present invention Its meaning includes approximate with its, similar or close state or shape to language unless otherwise stated.Either component provided by the invention Either being assembled by multiple individual component parts, or the separate part that integrally formed technique manufactures.
Finally it should be noted that: the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, it should be understood by those ordinary skilled in the art that: still It can modify to a specific embodiment of the invention or some technical features can be equivalently replaced；Without departing from this hair The spirit of bright technical solution should all cover within the scope of the technical scheme claimed by the invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of multi-stage absorption refrigerating method comprising refrigeration equipment, and refrigeration equipment includes: the first adsorbent bed and the second absorption Bed；Include the first adsorption plant and the first heat exchange equipment in first adsorbent bed, include in the second adsorbent bed the second adsorption plant and Second heat exchange equipment；Refrigeration equipment further includes that the first four-way valve, the second four-way valve, third four-way valve, the 4th four-way valve, third are changed Hot equipment, heat source and air conditioning terminal；
Wherein heat source, the first four-way valve are respectively connected to level-one arranged side by side in the second adsorption plant through refrigerant inlet pipe, two-port valve The second four-way valve forming circuit is connected to through refrigerant return pipe again after absorber, second class absorber, three-level absorber；Heat source, One four-way valve, the first class absorber arranged side by side being respectively connected in the first adsorption plant through refrigerant inlet pipe, two-port valve, second level are inhaled The second four-way valve forming circuit is connected to through refrigerant return pipe again after adnexa, three-level absorber.
Wherein the first adsorbent bed and the second adsorbent bed are configured to, when the absorption of the first adsorbent bed, the second adsorbent bed desorption, when first Wheel adsorption and desorption terminates, then wheel changes the absorption of the second adsorbent bed, the first adsorbent bed desorption into；
Wherein, the first adsorption plant, the first class absorber in the second adsorption plant, second class absorber, fill out in three-level absorber Filled with porous adsorbing material, refrigerant pipe is passed through between above-mentioned porous adsorbing material, wherein each in the first and second adsorption plants From one to three-level absorber in the structure of porous adsorbing material meet following relationship: the space rate K of first class absorberLevel-one< The space rate K of second class absorberSecond levelThe space rate K of < three-level absorberThree-level, so that first class absorber, second class absorber and The effective unit time adsorption capacity of three-level absorber three is identical；
When heat source and the second adsorption plant is connected in the first four-way valve, the time is set as t at this time0, the first adsorbent bed starts absorption and the Two adsorbent beds start to be desorbed:
The condensing pressure Pc of the refrigerant in the second heat exchange equipment is detected, and t detects condensing pressure, detection first at predetermined time intervals The evaporating pressure Pe, t of refrigerant in heat exchange equipment0Moment detects its condensing pressure, evaporating pressure is respectively Pc0、Pe0, when T1 is carved, detects its condensing pressure, evaporating pressure is respectively Pc1、Pe1, and so on, in moment tn, detects its condensing pressure, steams Sending out pressure is respectively Pcn、Pen, until reaching saturation state；
Control device calculates real-time condensing pressure rate of change Rc=(Pc in timen-Pcn-1)/t and evaporating pressure rate of change Re =(Pen-Pen-1)/t；
First class absorber upstream two-port valve, the second absorption in second adsorbent bed, as Rc < C1, in the second adsorption plant of control Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in second class absorber upstream two-port valve and the second adsorption plant in equipment is opened, and second One~three-level absorber in adsorption plant both participates in work；
As C1≤Rc < C2, the three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in the second adsorption plant is closed, in the second adsorption plant I and II absorber participates in work；
As Rc >=C2, the second class absorber upstream two-port valve in the second adsorption plant is turned off, in the second adsorption plant only First class absorber participates in work；
First class absorber upstream two-port valve, the first absorption in first adsorbent bed, as Re < C1, in the first adsorption plant of control Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in second class absorber upstream two-port valve and the first adsorption plant in equipment is opened, one~ Three-level absorber both participates in work；
As C1≤Re < C2, the three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is closed, in the first adsorption plant I and II absorber participates in work；
As Re >=C2, the second class absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is turned off, only one in the first adsorption plant Grade absorber participates in work.
2. refrigerating method as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
When heat source and the first adsorption plant is connected in the first four-way valve: the time is set as t at this time0, the first adsorbent bed starts desorption and the Two adsorbent beds start to adsorb, and detect the evaporating pressure Pe of the refrigerant in the second heat exchange equipment, calculate real-time evaporating pressure variation Rate Re=(Pen-Pen-1)/t detects the condensing pressure Pc of the refrigerant in the first heat exchange equipment, calculates real-time condensing pressure Rate of change Rc=(Pcn-Pcn-1)/t；
First class absorber upstream two-port valve, the second absorption in second adsorbent bed, as Re < C1, in the second adsorption plant of control Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in second class absorber upstream two-port valve and the second adsorption plant in equipment is opened, and second One~three-level absorber in adsorption plant both participates in work；
As C1≤Re < C2, the three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in the second adsorption plant is closed, in the second adsorption plant I and II absorber participates in work；
As Re >=C2, the second class absorber upstream two-port valve in the second adsorption plant is turned off, in the second adsorption plant only First class absorber participates in work；
First class absorber upstream two-port valve, the first absorption in first adsorbent bed, as Rc < C1, in the first adsorption plant of control Three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in second class absorber upstream two-port valve and the first adsorption plant in equipment is opened, one~ Three-level absorber both participates in work；
As C1≤Rc < C2, the three-level absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is closed, in the first adsorption plant I and II absorber participates in work；
As Rc >=C2, the second class absorber upstream two-port valve in the first adsorption plant is turned off, only one in the first adsorption plant Grade absorber participates in work.
3. refrigerating method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the refrigeration equipment has first mode, at this point, the One heat exchange equipment, third four-way valve, air conditioning terminal and the 4th four-way valve are in turn connected to form circuit, to user's cooling supply；Second changes Hot equipment, third four-way valve, the first four-way valve, the first adsorption plant, the second four-way valve, third heat exchange equipment, the 4th four-way valve It is in turn connected to form circuit.
4. refrigerating method a method according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that further include second mode, at this point, the first heat exchange Equipment, third four-way valve, the first four-way valve, the first adsorption plant, the second four-way valve and third heat exchange equipment through refrigerant pipe successively It is connected to form circuit, the second heat exchange equipment, third four-way valve, air conditioning terminal, the 4th four-way valve are in turn connected to form circuit, Xiang Yong Family heat supply.
5. the refrigerating method as described in claim 1-4 is any, it is characterised in that: one to three-level in the first and second adsorption plants The structure of porous adsorbing material in absorber is all satisfied following relationship:
KSecond level=KLevel-oneexp(-(C/β)(PLevel-one entrance/PSecondary exit port-1)2)
KThree-level=KSecond levelexp(-(C/β)(PSecondary inlet/PThree-level outlet-1)2)
KLevel-one、KSecond level、KThree-levelRespectively refrigerant flows to upper level, second level, three-level absorber respectively inside first or second adsorption plant The space rate of adsorbent material；PLevel-one entrance、PSecondary exit port、PSecondary inlet、PThree-level outletRespectively refrigerant pipe enters first class absorber, is pierced by second level suction Adnexa, into second class absorber, be pierced by three-level absorber when inside refrigerant pressure；C is adsorbent material structural constant, and β is to inhale Relationship constant between enclosure material and refrigerant；So that flowed to inside the first, second adsorption plant along refrigerant, it is at different levels The unit time adsorption capacity of absorber is actually identical.
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