CN109541516B - Voltage transformer broadband error measurement method - Google Patents

Voltage transformer broadband error measurement method Download PDF

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CN109541516B
CN109541516B CN201811386628.4A CN201811386628A CN109541516B CN 109541516 B CN109541516 B CN 109541516B CN 201811386628 A CN201811386628 A CN 201811386628A CN 109541516 B CN109541516 B CN 109541516B
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voltage transformer
voltage
standard
frequency
transformer
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CN109541516A (en
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刘浩
姜春阳
殷小东
袁建平
李明
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • G01R35/02Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass of auxiliary devices, e.g. of instrument transformers according to prescribed transformation ratio, phase angle, or wattage rating

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Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband error measuring method of a voltage transformer, which comprises the following steps: firstly, connecting a primary side of a standard voltage transformer and a primary side of a voltage transformer to be measured in parallel, and connecting a secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and a secondary side of the voltage transformer to be measured into an error measuring device; inputting a voltage signal to the primary side of the standard voltage transformer by using a power supply device; calculating a secondary differential pressure and a voltage included angle by an error measuring device; calculating a ratio difference and an angle difference of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the secondary differential pressure signal and the voltage included angle, and calculating a broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the ratio difference and the angle difference; and judging whether the voltage value and the frequency of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer exceed the set voltage value or not, and adjusting the voltage and the frequency according to the judgment result. The invention improves the error measurement efficiency of the voltage transformer and has higher measurement precision.

Description

Voltage transformer broadband error measurement method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric power metering, in particular to a broadband error measuring method for a voltage transformer.
Background
With the rapid development of the power industry, a large number of rectifying devices and nonlinear loads such as high-speed rails are connected into a power grid, so that the contents of harmonic waves and inter-harmonic waves of a power system are greatly increased. Harmonic waves affect the transmission and transformation characteristics of a traditional electromagnetic transformer or a CVT, so that errors are caused, and therefore, in order to accurately evaluate the frequency characteristics of a broadband transformer, the harmonic wave errors of the transformer need to be measured.
In the prior art, a method for measuring a harmonic error of a transformer by using an electrical transformer error calibrator (HEJ type) is based on a difference measurement method, and the measurement is performed on the whole by using a bridge zero-setting principle. After the two groups of signals are orthogonally synthesized, the two groups of signals and differential pressure signals are connected in the same loop through a null indicator, and after the null indicator is set to zero, indicating values of orthogonal and in-phase components are read, so that the specific difference and the angular difference of the tested mutual inductor can be obtained. However, because the matching parameters of the resistor and the capacitor of the phase shift circuit in the measurement method need to be set according to a certain fixed frequency, the method is only suitable for error calibration under power frequency and cannot be used for broadband error measurement.
The existing electronic calibrator for broadband error calibration generally has a measurement precision lower than 0.05%, and cannot meet the magnitude traceability requirement of high-accuracy broadband voltage proportion standard.
Although the error measurement method based on the dual-channel switching technology can trace the broadband magnitude of the mutual inductor. However, the measurement accuracy of the method mainly depends on a data acquisition card, the data acquisition card with high resolution is very expensive, and the consistency of errors before and after switching is difficult to ensure in the measurement process, so that the measurement resolution is low.
In summary, the existing voltage transformer broadband error measurement method is low in measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency, and cannot meet measurement requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a voltage transformer broadband error measuring method which is beneficial to improving the measuring efficiency and the measuring precision.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a broadband error measuring method for a voltage transformer comprises the following steps:
1) connecting a primary side of a standard voltage transformer and a primary side of a voltage transformer to be measured in parallel, and connecting a secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and a secondary side of the voltage transformer to be measured into an error measuring device;
2) inputting a voltage signal to a primary side of a standard voltage transformer by using a power supply device;
3) calculating a secondary differential pressure and a voltage included angle by an error measuring device;
the secondary differential pressure is a vector difference between the secondary side voltage of the standard voltage transformer and the secondary side voltage of the voltage transformer to be detected;
the voltage included angle is a vector included angle between the secondary differential pressure and a secondary side voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer; the phase of the secondary side signal of the standard voltage transformer is the same as that of the standard secondary signal;
4) calculating a ratio difference and an angle difference of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the secondary differential pressure signal and the voltage included angle, and calculating a broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the ratio difference and the angle difference;
5) judging whether the voltage value of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer exceeds a set voltage value, if not, boosting the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer and then executing the steps 3-5), if so, judging whether the frequency of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer exceeds a set frequency, if so, stopping, if not, performing frequency boosting on the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer, and then executing the steps 2-5).
The broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured in the step 4) is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001873090190000021
wherein, n represents a frequency,
Figure BDA0001873090190000022
representing the wide-frequency error f of the voltage transformer to be measured at the frequency n(n)Representing the ratio difference, delta, of the voltage transformer to be measured at frequency n(n)J table for representing angle difference of voltage transformer to be measured when frequency is nShowing an imaginary unit, theta represents a voltage angle,
Figure BDA0001873090190000023
representing the secondary differential pressure at frequency n,
Figure BDA0001873090190000031
and representing the secondary side voltage of the standard voltage transformer when the frequency is n.
The power supply device comprises a signal generator and a broadband booster connected with the signal generator, wherein the broadband booster is connected with the primary side of a standard voltage transformer.
The signal generator is connected with the broadband booster through the power amplifier.
And a broadband isolation transformer is connected between the secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and the secondary side of the voltage transformer to be tested.
The error measuring device adopts a phase-locked amplifier.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the broadband error measuring method of the voltage transformer realizes automatic measurement of the error of the voltage transformer, improves the measurement efficiency, has simple operation and higher measurement precision, and the specific difference measurement precision of the method is superior to that of 5 multiplied by 10-7The angular difference measurement precision is better than 0.2 mu rad; meanwhile, the method has better frequency response characteristic and better measurement stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband error measurement system of a voltage transformer according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a testing process of the broadband error measurement method of the voltage transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a phasor diagram of various parameters of the wideband error measurement system of the voltage transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a frequency response characteristic diagram of the wideband error measurement system of the voltage transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a specific difference stability test chart of the broadband error measurement system of the voltage transformer of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an angular difference stability test chart of the broadband error measurement system of the voltage transformer of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, TNPresentation standard voltage transformer, TXA voltage transformer to be tested is represented,
Figure BDA0001873090190000032
which represents a reference voltage, is shown,
Figure BDA0001873090190000033
representing the voltage of the secondary side of the standard transformer at a frequency n,
Figure BDA0001873090190000034
and representing the secondary side voltage of the voltage transformer to be measured when the frequency is n.
Figure BDA0001873090190000035
Representing the primary side input voltage of a standard transformer.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses a wideband error measurement system for a voltage transformer, which includes a standard voltage transformer, a voltage transformer to be measured, an error measurement device, and a power supply device, wherein a primary side of the standard voltage transformer is connected in parallel with a primary side of the voltage transformer to be measured, a secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and a secondary side of the voltage transformer to be measured are both connected to the error measurement device, the power supply device is connected to the primary side of the standard voltage transformer, and the power supply device and the error measurement device are both connected to a data processing device. The power supply device is used for inputting voltage signals to the primary side of the standard voltage transformer, and the error measuring device is used for calculating the measured data of the data processing device to obtain the broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured.
In one embodiment, the power supply device comprises a signal generator and a broadband booster connected with the signal generator, the broadband booster is connected with the primary side of a standard voltage transformer, and the signal generator is further connected with the data processing device.
Further, the signal generator is connected with the broadband booster through the power amplifier.
In one embodiment, a broadband isolation transformer is connected between the secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and the secondary side of the voltage transformer to be measured, so that the error measurement device is prevented from being burnt out due to excessive current.
In one embodiment, the data processing device comprises a calculation module and a control module, the calculation module is used for calculating the broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the measurement result of the error measurement device, and the control module is used for controlling the power supply device to perform voltage boosting and frequency conversion.
In one embodiment, the error measuring device uses a Lock-in Amplifier-850 Lock-in Amplifier, which has high measurement accuracy and can detect weak signals.
In one embodiment, the data processing apparatus is provided with a plurality of GPIB (general purpose interface bus) interfaces, the power supply apparatus is connected to one GPIB interface, and the error measurement apparatus is connected to another GPIB interface.
Above-mentioned voltage transformer wide band error measurement system through above-mentioned structure, realization wide band error that can be convenient is measured, improves measurement of efficiency, can improve measurement accuracy through the cooperation of measurement error device and data processing device.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present embodiment further discloses a method for measuring a wideband error of a voltage transformer, which includes the following steps:
1) connecting a primary side of a standard voltage transformer and a primary side of a voltage transformer to be measured in parallel, and connecting a secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and a secondary side of the voltage transformer to be measured into an error measuring device;
2) inputting a voltage signal to a primary side of a standard voltage transformer by using a power supply device; namely, a power supply device is used for simultaneously inputting voltage signals to the primary side of the standard voltage transformer and the primary side of the voltage sensor to be measured;
3) calculating a secondary differential pressure and a voltage included angle by an error measuring device, and transmitting the calculated secondary differential pressure and the calculated voltage included angle to a data processing device; the error measuring device uses a lock-in amplifier.
The secondary differential pressure is a vector difference between the secondary side voltage of the standard voltage transformer and the secondary side voltage of the voltage transformer to be detected;
the voltage included angle is a vector included angle between the secondary differential pressure and a secondary side voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer; the phase of the secondary side signal of the standard voltage transformer is the same as that of the standard secondary signal;
the error sensor carries out in-phase and quadrature decomposition on the secondary differential pressure relative to a reference voltage (the reference voltage is equal to the secondary side voltage of the standard voltage transformer) to obtain a voltage included angle. The reference voltage may be measured using a high-precision digital table or NI data acquisition card.
4) Acquiring a secondary differential pressure and a voltage included angle from the error measuring device by the data processing device, calculating a ratio difference and an angle difference of the voltage transformer to be measured according to a secondary differential pressure signal and the voltage included angle, and calculating a broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the ratio difference and the angle difference;
the broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001873090190000051
wherein, n represents a frequency,
Figure BDA0001873090190000052
representing the wide-frequency error f of the voltage transformer to be measured at the frequency n(n)Representing the ratio difference, delta, of the voltage transformer to be measured at frequency n(n)Representing the angular difference of the voltage transformer to be measured when the frequency is n, j represents an imaginary number unit, theta represents a voltage included angle,
Figure BDA0001873090190000053
to representA secondary differential pressure at a frequency n,
Figure BDA0001873090190000054
and representing the secondary side voltage of the standard voltage transformer when the frequency is n. The broadband error can be accurately obtained through the formula (1), and the calculation precision is improved.
Wherein,
Figure BDA0001873090190000055
the above formula (1) is derived from the following procedure:
defining the error of the voltage transformer under the broadband condition as follows:
Figure BDA0001873090190000056
in equation (2)))
Figure BDA0001873090190000057
Representing the secondary side output voltage of the voltage transformer to be measured when the frequency is n,
Figure BDA0001873090190000058
representing the primary side input voltage of the voltage transformer to be measured when the frequency is n; k represents the transformer transformation ratio;
converting all variables in the formula (2) to the secondary side of the transformer to obtain the following formula:
Figure BDA0001873090190000061
formula (3)) of
Figure BDA0001873090190000062
For reference voltage, the secondary side voltage of a standard transformer is generally taken
Figure BDA0001873090190000063
Represents the secondary side voltage of the voltage transformer to be measured at the frequency of n, eachThe phasor diagram of the quantities is shown in fig. 3.
In the context of figure 3 of the drawings,
Figure BDA0001873090190000064
has a vector length of OA, and has a unit length of 1; since δ is extremely small, the specific difference f is LOB-LOA=LBCThe angular difference δ ≈ sin δ ═ LACThus, the above formula (1) can be obtained.
5) Judging whether the voltage value of a primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer exceeds a set voltage value or not by the data processing device; the set voltage value may be 120% of the reference voltage;
if the voltage value of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer does not exceed the set voltage value, the data processing device controls the power supply device to boost the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer and then execute the steps 3) to 5); the boosting may be performed in the order of 20%, 50%, 80%, 100%, and 120% of the reference voltage, for example, if the primary side input voltage of the standard voltage transformer is 20% of the reference voltage for the first time, the primary side input voltage of the standard voltage transformer may be boosted to 50% of the reference voltage for the second time.
If the voltage value of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer is judged to exceed the set voltage value, whether the frequency of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer exceeds the set frequency is judged, if the frequency exceeds the set frequency is judged, the operation is finished, if the frequency does not exceed the set frequency, the data processing device controls the power supply device to carry out frequency boosting on the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer, then step 2) is carried out, a new voltage signal is input to the primary side of the standard voltage transformer again, and then step 3-step 5) are carried out.
Finally, the broadband errors of different input voltages under the same frequency and the broadband errors under different frequencies measured in the process can be analyzed, and the broadband errors measured each time are displayed on a data processing device.
In one embodiment, the power supply device comprises a signal generator and a broadband voltage booster connected with the signal generator, the broadband voltage booster is connected with the primary side of a standard voltage transformer, and the signal generator is connected with the broadband voltage booster through a power amplifier. Through the structure, the signal generator generates a low-voltage broadband signal, and the low-voltage broadband signal is boosted by the power amplifier and the broadband booster and then is transmitted to the primary side of the standard voltage transformer.
In one embodiment, a broadband isolation transformer is connected between the secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and the secondary side of the voltage transformer to be tested, because the low end of a differential pressure signal is connected with the shell ground through a 10K resistor in the phase-locked amplifier, and the 1:1 broadband isolation transformer is arranged to prevent the phase-locked amplifier from being burnt out. Additional secondary differential pressure and reference signal
Figure BDA0001873090190000071
Must be below 10V to prevent damage to the lock-in amplifier.
The performance of the wideband error measurement system of the voltage transformer of the present embodiment is described below with respect to specific tests:
(1) power frequency measurement error calibration
The power frequency measurement error of the system is calibrated by referring to a calibration method of a traditional electrical transformer error calibrator. The standard power frequency error source is given (different specific difference and angular difference combinations can be generated according to needs), the error of the system brought by the measurement system under the power frequency is directly measured, and the calibration result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of the experiment
Figure BDA0001873090190000072
As can be seen from Table 1, the measurement accuracy of the conventional electrical type calibrator is better than that of 5 multiplied by 10-7The measurement accuracy of the system is about 3.5 multiplied by 10-7The measurement accuracy is greatly improved compared with an electrical check meter, and the error magnitude tracing work can be better met.
(2) Frequency characteristic test
The signal generator outputs a 5V voltage signal and applies the voltage signal to the signal
Figure BDA0001873090190000073
And
Figure BDA0001873090190000074
on the two channels, a standard differential pressure signal of 1:1 is formed, the error is theoretically zero, and the specific difference and the angular difference measured by the system in the test are the error of the measurement system. Given a signal frequency range of 50Hz-100kHz, the measurement error as a function of frequency is shown in FIG. 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the ratio difference and the phase difference of the system are relatively flat within 10kHz of frequency, and the error is less than 1 ppm. In an electric power system, the main component of harmonic frequency is lower than 2.5kHz, the higher frequency content is very limited, and the influence on electric energy metering can be ignored, so that the system meets the requirement of error measurement of the harmonic characteristic of the transformer.
(3) Repeatability and stability testing
The 5V signal output by the signal generator is simultaneously applied to two channels of a standard transformer and a tested transformer of the device, the continuous operation is carried out for 100 hours, and 10-hour data in the 5V signal is intercepted, as shown in figures 5-6. It can be seen that the specific difference measurement precision of the system is better than 5 multiplied by 10 in the whole test process-7The angular difference is better than 0.2 μ rad. Within 100 hours, the specific stability S is poorΔfAnd angular difference stability SΔδExpressed as:
SΔf=(fmax-fmin)/T=0.01ppm/h;
SΔδ=(δmaxmin)/T=0.004μrad/h;
wherein T represents time, fmaxRepresents the maximum value of the ratio difference, fminRepresenting the minimum value of the ratio difference, deltamaxRepresents the maximum value of angular difference, δmaxIndicating the minimum value of the angular difference.
Therefore, the specific difference stability and the angular difference stability measured by the system are better.
The broadband error measurement system and the measurement method for the voltage transformer of the embodiment are based on the basic principle of a differential measurement method, utilize an error measurement device and a data processing device to realize automatic measurement of the error of the voltage transformer, improve the measurement efficiency, have simple operation and higher measurement precision, and have the differential measurement precision superior to 5 multiplied by 10-7The angular difference measurement precision is better than 0.2 mu rad; meanwhile, the method has good frequency response characteristics, the measurement precision is basically unchanged within the range of 50Hz to 10kHz, the frequency response is very flat, and the measurement stability is good.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The equivalent substitution or change made by the technical personnel in the technical field on the basis of the invention is all within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.

Claims (5)

1. A broadband error measuring method of a voltage transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) connecting a primary side of a standard voltage transformer and a primary side of a voltage transformer to be measured in parallel, and connecting a secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and a secondary side of the voltage transformer to be measured into an error measuring device;
2) inputting a voltage signal to a primary side of a standard voltage transformer by using a power supply device;
3) calculating a secondary differential pressure and a voltage included angle by an error measuring device;
the secondary differential pressure is a vector difference between the secondary side voltage of the standard voltage transformer and the secondary side voltage of the voltage transformer to be detected;
the voltage included angle is a vector included angle between the secondary differential pressure and a secondary side voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer; the phase of the secondary side signal of the standard voltage transformer is the same as that of the standard secondary signal;
4) calculating a ratio difference and an angle difference of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the secondary differential pressure signal and the voltage included angle, and calculating a broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured according to the ratio difference and the angle difference;
5) judging whether the voltage value of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer exceeds a set voltage value, if not, boosting the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer and then executing the steps 3-5), if so, judging whether the frequency of the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer exceeds a set frequency, if so, stopping, if not, performing frequency boosting on the primary side input voltage signal of the standard voltage transformer, and then executing the steps 2-5);
the broadband error of the voltage transformer to be measured in the step 4) is obtained by the following formula:
Figure FDA0003437046200000011
wherein, n represents a frequency,
Figure FDA0003437046200000012
representing the wide-frequency error f of the voltage transformer to be measured at the frequency n(n)Representing the ratio difference, delta, of the voltage transformer to be measured at frequency n(n)Representing the angular difference of the voltage transformer to be measured when the frequency is n, j represents an imaginary number unit, theta represents a voltage included angle,
Figure FDA0003437046200000013
representing the secondary differential pressure at frequency n,
Figure FDA0003437046200000014
and representing the secondary side voltage of the standard voltage transformer when the frequency is n.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the power supply device comprises a signal generator and a broadband booster connected to the signal generator, the broadband booster being connected to the primary side of a standard voltage transformer.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the signal generator is connected to the broadband booster through a power amplifier.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a broadband isolation transformer is connected between the secondary side of the standard voltage transformer and the secondary side of the voltage transformer under test.
5. The wideband error measurement method of claim 1, wherein said error measurement device uses a lock-in amplifier.
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