CN109531057B - Machining method of 9Ni steel end socket - Google Patents
Machining method of 9Ni steel end socket Download PDFInfo
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- CN109531057B CN109531057B CN201811337595.4A CN201811337595A CN109531057B CN 109531057 B CN109531057 B CN 109531057B CN 201811337595 A CN201811337595 A CN 201811337595A CN 109531057 B CN109531057 B CN 109531057B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for processing a 9Ni steel seal head, which comprises the steps of material selection, cutting, welding, pre-stamping, cold pressing and bulging, hot spinning, quenching treatment, nondestructive flaw detection, grinding and polishing and the like, so that the seal head is finally formed. According to the processing method of the 9Ni steel seal head, the wafer is formed by welding a plurality of segments, the processing requirement of a large-size seal head can be met, in the welding process, the wafer is fixed by spot welding, then parallel synchronous welding is adopted for gaps among the segments, and the wafer is prevented from being deformed due to unilateral welding. Meanwhile, through the processing steps of pre-stamping, cold spinning and hot spinning, the processing forming of large R and small R is gradually realized, the defects of low shaping and difficult processing are overcome, meanwhile, the performance of 9Ni steel is recovered through quenching treatment, the strength of the end socket is improved, cracking is reduced, the rejection rate of products is reduced, the production cost is saved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of end socket processing, in particular to a processing method of a 9Ni steel end socket.
Background
At present, the material used for manufacturing or building the seal head of the liquid nitrogen and liquefied natural gas (L NG) storage tank is generally stainless steel, but at low temperature (for example, 196 ℃), the austenite structure in the seal head is easy to change, the low-temperature toughness is poor, the strength is easy to reduce, and the stainless steel material has high density, the weight of the container tank is increased, so the transportation is inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the processing method of the 9Ni steel seal head is provided, which has high strength and low rejection rate and can save the production cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for processing a 9Ni steel seal head comprises the following steps,
s20: cutting, namely cutting the selected 9Ni steel plate according to the designed size to form a plurality of split parts, so that the plurality of split parts can form a whole circle;
s30: welding, namely splicing each split on a horizontal plane to form a whole circle, preliminarily welding two adjacent splits together in a spot welding mode to form a circular sheet, vertically and vertically welding the circular sheet to the horizontal plane, and synchronously welding gaps between the splits on two sides of the circular sheet in parallel;
s40: pre-stamping, namely mounting the wafer on a stamping machine for cold stamping, wherein the large R part at the center of a stamping end enclosure is 30-60% of the total depth of the end enclosure;
s50: cold pressing the drum, mounting the stamped seal head on a drum pressing machine, and pressing the periphery of the seal head to form a disc-shaped structure;
s60: hot spinning, namely mounting the end socket after being pressed and bulged on a spinning machine, and carrying out spinning operation when the end socket is heated to 730-850 ℃ so as to form a small r part on the periphery of the end socket;
s70: quenching treatment, namely feeding the end socket into a furnace at normal temperature, heating to 815-850 ℃, heating at a speed of not more than 200 ℃/h, austenitizing, keeping the temperature for 45min, discharging, cooling to below 300 ℃ in water within three minutes, tempering, heating to 560-590 ℃ at a speed of 150 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 45 min.
Further, in step S20, an edge grinding process is performed on each of the split pieces after cutting until the edge of the split piece is rounded.
Further, in step S30, the disks may be vertically disposed by a bracket holding function, or vertically disposed by a manual hand.
Further, in step S30, after the parallel synchronous welding is performed on the circular sheets, performing ray detection on the welding seams to detect whether the welding seams on the circular sheets have slag inclusions and air holes.
Further, in step S30, the parallel synchronous welding mode of the wafers is plasma welding, submerged arc welding or manual welding.
Further, if the depth of a welding seam or a concave groove of the forming seal head is larger than 1/10 of the wall thickness of the seal head or exceeds 3mm, the seal head needs to be timely filled.
Further, 6600T cold punching machine is adopted for pre-punching, and 2000T drum press or 800T drum press is adopted for cold-pressing drum.
Further, before the step S20, the following steps are included,
step S10: selecting a 9Ni steel plate with uniform thickness, wherein the maximum thickness deviation is less than 1.5mm, the surface pit depth is less than 0.3mm, and the surface hardness range is 240 HB-280 HB.
Further, the following steps are included after step S70,
s80: performing nondestructive inspection, detecting weld areas on the large R and the small R, and removing weld defects and surface microcracks on the seal head after stamping, bulging and spinning;
s90: and (4) polishing, wherein the polishing adopts ceramic wafer manual polishing to remove oxide skin and then sand blasting, and the whole surface is silvery white after processing.
Further, in step S80, the nondestructive inspection is performed by radiation inspection or penetration inspection.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the processing method of the 9Ni steel seal head, the wafer is formed by welding a plurality of split parts, the processing requirement of a large-size seal head can be met, in the welding process, the wafer is fixed through spot welding, then parallel synchronous welding is adopted for gaps among the split parts, and the wafer is prevented from being deformed due to unilateral welding. Meanwhile, through the processing steps of pre-stamping, cold spinning and hot spinning, the processing forming of large R and small R is gradually realized, the defects of low shaping and difficult processing are overcome, meanwhile, the performance of 9Ni steel is recovered through quenching treatment, the strength of the end socket is improved, cracking is reduced, the rejection rate of products is reduced, the production cost is saved, and the economic benefit is increased. In addition, the 9Ni steel has good low-temperature toughness, and the performance stability of the storage tank is ensured.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the invention for machining a 9Ni steel end cap;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a forming structure of the end socket in the processing method of the 9Ni steel end socket shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of welding in the method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of the end socket formed by the method for processing a 9Ni steel end socket of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. split, 2, welding seam, 3, brim, 4, welding equipment, 10 and wafer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This figure is a simplified schematic diagram, and merely illustrates the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and therefore it shows only the constitution related to the present invention.
The invention provides a processing method of a 9Ni steel seal head, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: and (4) selecting materials. The 9Ni steel plate is selected, the 9Ni steel is also called as 9% Ni steel or Ni9 steel, the nickel content is 8.5-9.5%, and the sealing head has excellent low-temperature toughness at the low temperature of 196 ℃, so that the sealing head made of the 9Ni steel material has high strength, can ensure that the storage tank has high stability, has light weight and is convenient to transport.
The thickness of the selected 9Ni steel plate is uniform, the maximum deviation of the thickness is not more than 1.5mm, the pit depth on the surface is less than 0.3mm, the surface hardness is 240 HB-280 HB, and the 9Ni steel plate is singly manufactured after passing the physical and chemical compound test. If the surface hardness is too high, softening tempering at 590-650 ℃ can be adopted.
Step S20: and (6) cutting. The selected plate is cut according to the designed size to form a plurality of segments 1, so that the plurality of segments 1 can form a complete circle. Plasma cutting is adopted in the cutting process, the area of a heat affected zone caused by the plasma cutting is small, and the cutting stress is favorably eliminated. Meanwhile, each cut segment 1 is subjected to edge polishing treatment until the edge of the segment 1 is smooth, so that the stress concentration of the right-angle edge is reduced, cracking is prevented, and favorable welding conditions are provided for the subsequent welding process.
Step S30: and (6) welding. Firstly, each split 1 is spliced on a horizontal plane to form a whole circle, two adjacent splits 1 are preliminarily welded together in a spot welding mode, and thus, a wafer 10 is formed after the multiple splits 1 are spot welded. Then, the wafer 10 is vertically placed perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the welding equipment 4 (for example, a welding gun) is used for synchronously welding the gaps between the segments 1 on the two sides of the wafer 10 in parallel, so that the welding flux stress on the two sides of the wafer 10 is the same, the welding performance is ensured, the welding deformation is reduced, and the strength and the flatness of the wafer 10 are enhanced.
In addition, since the 9Ni steel is a ferromagnetic material, when a direct current power supply is adopted, the magnetic blow phenomenon is easy to generate, the stability of the welding process is influenced, and the quality of a joint is directly influenced, so that the welding process adopts an alternating current power supply for welding.
After the wafer 10 is welded in parallel and synchronously, ray detection is carried out on the welding seam 2 to detect whether the welding seam 2 on the wafer 10 has slag inclusion and air holes, so that the influence of the slag inclusion and the air holes on the subsequent end socket forming is avoided, and the cracking of the end socket can be effectively reduced. In the present embodiment, the wafer 10 is formed by welding two segments 1.
It will be appreciated that the discs 10 can be arranged vertically by a cradle-hold action, or by manual hand-holding.
In addition, the wafer 10 is obtained by the split 1 welding mode, the limitation that a whole large-size plate is needed when a large-size seal head is processed is overcome, the waste of plate edge materials is reduced, the effective utilization rate of the plate is increased, and further the production cost is reduced.
In the embodiment, the parallel synchronous welding mode of the wafer 10 is plasma welding, and the welding mode can greatly improve the plasticity and toughness of the welding seam 2 and prevent the cracking condition in the end socket forming process. It is understood that in other embodiments not shown, the welding may be submerged arc welding or manual welding, without limitation.
S40: and (4) performing pre-stamping. The wafer 10 is cold stamped by mounting it on a stamping press.
And pressing 30-60% of the total depth of the seal head at the center of the wafer 10 by using a 6600T cold punching machine and a special pre-pressing lower die, thereby completing the punching of the large R part of the seal head. After the punching is finished, the wafer 10 is preliminarily formed into a cap-shaped end enclosure with the brim 3 on the periphery. The plasticity of 9Ni is low, so that the end socket is easy to crack when the 9Ni is directly punched to a set depth, and the punching depth is 30-60% of the total depth through pre-punching, so that the cracking phenomenon can be reduced.
S50: and (5) cold pressing the drum. The preliminary head after will punching press in advance is installed on the pressure drum machine, carries out the pressure drum operation to brim of a hat 3 to make brim of a hat 3 finally form a disc-shaped structure. The drum press can be 2000T drum press or 800T drum press. This pressure drum in-process, the last pressure drum mould of pressure drum machine is to the brim of a hat 3 pressure drum repeatedly, and it is less to press the drum degree of depth at every turn, does not reach the fracture degree far away, consequently, can effectively realize the pressure drum shaping purpose of brim of a hat 3.
S60: and (4) hot spinning. And (3) installing the end socket formed by pressing and bulging on a spinning machine, heating the cap peak 3 by a heating device at the temperature of 730-850 ℃, and spinning the cap peak 3 in the heating process to enable the cap peak 3 to form a small r part. The cap brim is installed on a spinning machine, the heating device is used for heating the cap brim 3, the heating temperature is 730-850 ℃, the cap brim 3 is spun in the heating process, the cap brim 3 forms a small r part, and at the moment, the total depth of the seal head is reached.
According to a large number of experiments, the 9Ni steel sealing head is heated in a heating interval of 730-850 ℃, so that the residual stress generated due to deformation in the spinning process can be eliminated in time, the risk of cracking of a welding seam 2 in the spinning process can be reduced, and the purpose of eliminating the residual stress in the brim 3 in real time is achieved.
If the depth of a welding seam or a sunken groove of the formed seal head is larger than 1/10 of the wall thickness of the seal head or exceeds 3mm, the seal head needs to be timely filled to prevent the groove from being stressed and extended to crack, so that the seal head is scrapped.
S70: and (5) quenching treatment. And (3) feeding the end socket into the furnace at normal temperature, heating to 815-850 ℃, heating at a speed of not more than 200 ℃/h, discharging the end socket after austenitizing and heat preservation for 45min, cooling to below 300 ℃ in water within three minutes, tempering, heating to 560-590 ℃ at a speed of 150 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 45 min. Through the quenching treatment, the rigidity, the hardness, the wear resistance, the fatigue strength and the toughness of the 9Ni steel can be greatly improved so as to meet the use requirements of the storage tank.
S80: and (4) nondestructive flaw detection. And detecting the welding seam regions on the large R and the small R, and removing the welding seam defects and surface microcracks on the seal head after stamping, bulging and spinning. It is understood that non-destructive inspection methods include, but are not limited to, radiation inspection and penetration inspection.
And S90, grinding and polishing. And the ceramic plates are manually ground to remove oxide skins and then sand blasting is carried out for grinding and polishing, and the whole surface is silvery white after processing.
According to the processing method of the 9Ni steel seal head, the wafer 10 is formed by welding the multiple segments 1, the processing requirement of a large-size seal head can be met, in the welding process, the wafer is fixed through spot welding, then parallel synchronous welding is adopted for gaps among the segments 1, and the phenomenon that the wafer 10 is deformed due to unilateral welding is avoided. Meanwhile, through the processing steps of pre-stamping, cold spinning and hot spinning, the processing forming of large R and small R is gradually realized, the defects of low shaping and difficult processing of 9Ni are overcome, and meanwhile, the performance of 9Ni steel is recovered through quenching treatment, the strength of the end socket is improved, the cracking is reduced, the rejection rate of products is reduced, the production cost is saved, and the economic benefit is increased. In addition, the 9Ni steel has good low-temperature toughness, and the performance stability of the storage tank is ensured.
In light of the foregoing description of preferred embodiments in accordance with the invention, it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for processing a 9Ni steel seal head comprises the following steps,
s20: cutting, namely cutting the selected 9Ni steel plate according to the designed size to form a plurality of split parts, so that the plurality of split parts can form a whole circle;
s30: welding, namely splicing each split on a horizontal plane to form a whole circle, preliminarily welding two adjacent splits together in a spot welding mode to form a circular sheet, vertically and vertically welding the circular sheet to the horizontal plane, and synchronously welding gaps between the splits on two sides of the circular sheet in parallel;
s40: pre-stamping, namely mounting the wafer on a stamping machine for cold stamping, wherein the large R part at the center of a stamping end enclosure is 30-60% of the total depth of the end enclosure;
s50: cold pressing the drum, mounting the stamped seal head on a drum pressing machine, and pressing the periphery of the seal head to form a disc-shaped structure;
s60: hot spinning, namely mounting the end socket after being pressed and bulged on a spinning machine, and carrying out spinning operation when the end socket is heated to 730-850 ℃ so as to form a small r part on the periphery of the end socket;
s70: quenching treatment, namely feeding the end socket into a furnace at normal temperature, heating to 815-850 ℃, heating at a speed of not more than 200 ℃/h, austenitizing, keeping the temperature for 45min, discharging, cooling to below 300 ℃ in water within three minutes, tempering, heating to 560-590 ℃ at a speed of 150 ℃/h, and keeping the temperature for 45 min.
2. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S20, the edge of each split is polished until the edge of the split is smooth.
3. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S30, the disks may be vertically arranged by a support function or manually held by hand.
4. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S30, after the parallel synchronous welding is performed on the circular sheets, performing ray detection on the welding seams to detect whether the welding seams on the circular sheets have slag inclusions and pores.
5. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S30, the parallel synchronous welding mode of the wafer is plasma welding, submerged arc welding or manual welding.
6. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 1, wherein: if the depth of a welding seam or a concave groove of the forming seal head is larger than 1/10 of the wall thickness of the seal head or exceeds 3mm, the seal head needs to be filled in time.
7. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pre-stamping adopts a 6600T cold stamping machine, and the cold pressing drum adopts a 2000T drum pressing machine or a 800T drum pressing machine.
8. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the following steps are also included before step S20,
step S10: selecting a 9Ni steel plate with uniform thickness, wherein the maximum thickness deviation is less than 1.5mm, the surface pit depth is less than 0.3mm, and the surface hardness range is 240 HB-280 HB.
9. The method of processing a 9Ni steel end-cap as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the following steps are also included after step S70,
s80: performing nondestructive inspection, detecting weld areas on the large R and the small R, and removing weld defects and surface microcracks on the seal head after stamping, bulging and spinning;
s90: and (4) polishing, wherein the polishing adopts ceramic wafer manual polishing to remove oxide skin and then sand blasting, and the whole surface is silvery white after processing.
10. The method for processing the 9Ni steel end socket as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S80, the nondestructive inspection is performed by radiation inspection or penetration inspection.
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| CN110026666A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-19 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of plasma arc welding (PAW) silk filling method for the welding of thin plate 9Ni steel |
| CN110091134A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-06 | 宜兴华威封头有限公司 | A kind of stainless steel end socket rushes spin forming process |
| CN110102984A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-09 | 宜兴华威封头有限公司 | A kind of cone coiled forming technology of dome head |
| CN110757101A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-07 | 河南神州精工制造股份有限公司 | Production process of elliptical seal head and dish-shaped seal head |
| CN110802377A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-02-18 | 大连中车集装箱有限公司 | Manufacturing process of octahedral arc-shaped end socket of universal tank container |
| CN115139065B (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2023-10-20 | 新疆兰石重装能源工程有限公司 | Nickel base alloy end socket stamping forming method |
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