CN109518079A - 一种临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109518079A CN109518079A CN201811401970.7A CN201811401970A CN109518079A CN 109518079 A CN109518079 A CN 109518079A CN 201811401970 A CN201811401970 A CN 201811401970A CN 109518079 A CN109518079 A CN 109518079A
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- steel plate
- hydrogen
- steel
- rolling
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000171 quenching Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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[Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001429 stepping Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板板的生产方法，钢的化学成分重量百分比为C=0.10～0.15、Si=0.16～0.25、Mn=0.42～0.52、P≤0.010、S≤0.005、Alt=0.020～0.050、Cr=0.90～1.10、Mo=0.46～0.56，Sn≤0.010，As≤0.012，Sb≤0.003，回火脆化系数X=（10P+5Sb+4Sn+As）×10‑2≤15ppm，其它为Fe和残留元素。生产工艺流程为转炉冶炼→LF精炼→VD真空处理→连铸→板坯加热→控制轧制→在线冷却→热处理。本发明方法生产的产品的实物质量各项性能：钢板头尾试样经最大模拟焊后热处理，其1/2板厚处屈服富余量在40~100Mpa，抗拉富余量在50～80Mpa，低温冲击性能稳定、富裕量大。
Description
技术领域
本发明炼钢技术领域，具体涉及到一种临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板的生产方法。
背景技术
临氢钢主要用于制造在高温（温度＞250℃）、高压（氢分压＞1.4MPa）临氢环境下使用的压力容器设备，广泛用于石油化工、煤化工、电力等相关行业，其中绝大部分用于制造炼油及化工行业中的加氢装置，还有小部分用于临氢环境下的分离、换热设备及压力输送管线设备制造等。
中国设计使用的临氢15CrMoR钢板除需满足GB/T713-2014的要求外，还需保证钢板模拟焊后热处理的力学性能满足标准要求，且对-18℃低温冲击性能、夹杂物、有害元素等提出更高的要求。
控制轧制是在热轧过程中通过对金属加热制度、变形制度和温度制度的合理控制，使热塑性变形与固态相变结合，以获得细小晶粒组织，使钢材具有优异的综合力学性能的轧制新工艺。它能改善钢材组织晶粒，提高钢板的强度和低温韧度,同时可以节约能源,简化工艺,也可以充分发挥合金元素的作用。
直接淬火是利用钢的轧后余热把钢材从形变奥氏体冷却到马氏体点温度下最终得到马氏体的热处理工艺。由于控制轧制过程中合金元素的充分溶解增加了奥氏体的淬透性,有利于随后的直接淬火；另外控制轧制细化了奥氏体晶粒,增加了奥氏体变形带,为后续相变提供形核点,有望得到理想的组织形态,从而在回火后得到优良的强度和韧度组合。同时，部分封头用钢板宽度大，对生产装备、生产工艺等提出更高的要求，生产工艺控制难度大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种临氢设备用15CrMoR钢的生产方法，采用控制轧制+直接淬火+回火相结合的工艺，生产16～100mm保性能、保探伤的临氢钢。
发明的技术方案：
一种临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板的生产方法，化学成分质量百分比为C=0.10～0.15、Si=0.16～0.25、Mn=0.42～0.52、P≤0.010、S≤0.005、Alt=0.020～0.050、Cr=0.90～1.10、Mo=0.46～0.56，Sn≤0.010，As≤0.012，Sb≤0.003，回火脆化系数X =（10P+5Sb+4Sn+As）×10-2≤15ppm ，其它为Fe和残留元素；包括如下步骤 ：
a. 转炉冶炼：控制出钢时C≥0.05%， P≤0.006%，出钢温度≥1580℃，避免出钢过程下渣 ；
b. LF 精炼：LF精炼中白渣保持时间在20min以上；LF炉出站前进行二次脱P，P≤0.004%；
c. 真空精炼：真空精炼中，在≤67Pa下的保真空时间≥23min；VD破空后进行钙处理；
d. 连铸：连铸采用断面为260mm或300mm，连铸实行全程保护浇铸，浇注温度按液相线温度+ (15～25℃)控制，板坯下线后堆冷24h以上；
e. 板坯加热：板坯在步进炉中进行加热，温度控制在1180~1220℃；
f. 控制轧制：钢板采用CR 方式轧制，开轧温度1050～1150℃；一阶段终轧温度＞950℃，保证后三道次压下率在18%以上；二阶段开轧温度880~900℃，待温厚度为2~3倍成品厚度mm，精轧累计压下率＞50%，终轧温度≥850℃；
g. 在线冷却：直接淬火入水温度≥850℃，返红温度＜200℃，冷速控制在3～8℃/s；
h. 热处理：采用回火工艺，回火温度710~730℃，保温时间3.5~6min/mm。
所用化学元素的作用原理：C：碳元素在合金钢中，常与其它合金元素形成碳化物，在室温或较低温度下能起到强化作用，但在高温下，有些碳化物容易分解，对蠕变抗力和持久强度产生不良影响。特别是在临氢服役条件下，会加剧氢蚀的发生。Si：对强度有帮助，但促进回火脆化，宜尽量低。Mn：是固溶强化元素，对提高钢板的强度和韧性均有利，但促进回火脆化，在保证强度的情况下宜低。P：为抑制回火脆化敏感性和降低冷脆倾向，应尽量低。S：不利上平台能量和韧性的提高，且有热裂倾向，应尽量低。
本发明通过选用大断面连铸坯保证压缩比，成分上严格控制各有害元素的含量，LF+VD工艺来保证钢质的洁净度；通过控轧+在线冷却+回火处理使钢的晶粒度达到8.5～1.0级。通过上述等措施的有效实施，成功地生产出了～100mm保探伤、保力学性能的临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板。本发明通过从转炉冶炼到钢板热处理的整个过程严格按上述生产工艺执行，获得产品的实物质量各项性能优良：试样经最大模拟焊后热处理，其屈服强度富余量在40～100Mpa，抗拉强度富余量在50～80Mpa，低温冲击性能稳定、富裕量大。
具体实施方式
实施例为厚度16mm～100mm 保性能、保探伤临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板，钢的化学成分重量百分比如表1。生产工艺为转炉冶炼→LF精炼→VD真空处理→连铸→板坯加热→控制轧制→在线冷却→热处理。在所述转炉冶炼中，确保出钢碳≥0.05%，出钢P≤0.006%，出钢温度≥1580℃；避免出钢过程下渣；在所述LF精炼中，确保白渣保持时间控制在20min 以上, LF炉出站前进行二次脱P，P≤0.004%；在所述真空精炼中，在≤67Pa下的保真空时间≥23min，VD破空后进行钙处理；在所述连铸中，连铸采用断面为260mm或300mm，连铸实行全程保护浇铸，浇注温度按液相线温度+ (15-25℃) 控制，板坯下线后堆冷24小时以上；在所述板坯加热中，板坯在步进炉中进行加热，温度控制在1200±20℃；在所述轧制中，钢板采用CR方式轧制，开轧温度1050℃～1150℃；一阶段终轧温度＞950℃，保证后三道次压下率在15%以上；二阶段开轧温度在880~900℃，待温厚度为2~3倍成品厚度mm，精轧累计压下率＞48%，终轧温度≥850℃；在所述直接淬火（冷却）中，入水温度≥850℃，返红温度＜200℃，冷速控制在3～8℃/s；在所述热处理中，采用回火工艺，回火温度710~730℃，保温时间3.5~6min/mm。
经检测，实施例钢的力学性能如表2所示。
表1 实施例化学成分（wt%）
表2 实施例钢的性能参数
使用本发明所述方法生产的产品表面质量优良，外检合格率100%，I级探伤合格率100%，性能合格率100%。钢板头尾试样经最大模拟焊后热处理，其1/2板厚处屈服富余量在40~100Mpa，抗拉富余量在50～80Mpa，-18℃低温基本在200J以上，完全满足15CrMoR临氢钢技术要求。
Claims (1)
1.一种临氢设备用15CrMoR钢板的生产方法，其特征在于：钢的化学成分重量百分比为C=0.10～0.15、Si=0.16～0.25、Mn=0.42～0.52、P≤0.010、S≤0.005、Alt=0.020～0.050、Cr=0.90～1.10、Mo=0.46～0.56，Sn≤0.010，As≤0.012，Sb≤0.003，回火脆化系数X =（10P+5Sb+4Sn+As）×10-2≤15ppm ，其它为Fe和残留元素；包括如下步骤 ：
a. 转炉冶炼：控制出钢时C≥0.05%， P≤0.006%，出钢温度≥1580℃，避免出钢过程下渣；
b. LF 精炼：LF精炼中白渣保持时间在20min以上；LF炉出站前进行二次脱P，P≤0.004%；
c. 真空精炼：真空精炼中，在≤67Pa下的保真空时间≥23min；VD破空后进行钙处理；
d. 连铸：连铸采用断面为260mm或300mm，连铸实行全程保护浇铸，浇注温度按液相线温度+ (15～25℃)控制，板坯下线后堆冷24h以上；
e. 板坯加热：板坯在步进炉中进行加热，温度控制在1180~1220℃；
f. 控制轧制：钢板采用CR 方式轧制，开轧温度1050～1150℃；一阶段终轧温度＞950℃，保证后三道次压下率在18%以上；二阶段开轧温度880~900℃，待温厚度为2~3倍成品厚度mm，精轧累计压下率＞50%，终轧温度≥850℃；
g. 在线冷却：直接淬火入水温度≥850℃，返红温度＜200℃，冷速控制在3～8℃/s；
h. 热处理：采用回火工艺，回火温度710~730℃，保温时间3.5~6min/mm。
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